CN102197725B - Method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching - Google Patents
Method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN102197725B CN102197725B CN2011101386513A CN201110138651A CN102197725B CN 102197725 B CN102197725 B CN 102197725B CN 2011101386513 A CN2011101386513 A CN 2011101386513A CN 201110138651 A CN201110138651 A CN 201110138651A CN 102197725 B CN102197725 B CN 102197725B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching, which relates to a method for modifying soda alkaline earth. The method disclosed by the invention solves the problem of the traditional soda alkaline earth modifying method that it takes long time for the yield of rice to reach the bottom line, the yield of rice is low, and the cost is high. The method for modifying soda alkaline earth comprises the following steps: 1. a land to be modified is irrigated by a single irrigation and drainage method, and then the land is smoothed by a combined dry-aqueous smoothing method and is soaked and leached; 2. rice seedlings are transplanted; 3. a multi-frequency irrigation and drainage method is adopted in the whole growing period of rice; and 4. the field management method is same as the normal rice field management method, and the management is completed after the rice is mature. The method for modifying soda alkaline earth by no-tillage rice growing and salt leaching dispenses with secondary tillage of rice, reduces the production cost by 880 yuan per hectare, and shortens the time for the rice yield to reach the bottom line to 2 years. Compared with the control group (deep-tillage harrowing and water washing method), the method for modifying soda alkaline earth disclosed by the invention improves the yield by 142 percent, and simultaneously reduces the salinization index of the root layer of soil; and compared with the control group, the conductivity is reduced by 10.4 percent, and the pH value is reduced by 32 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improve the method for soda alkaline earth.
Background technology
Song-Nen plain is one of three dodium thiosulfate saline soil areal concentrations in the world, and ecotope is extremely fragile.Obtaining certain application with rice solodization technology aspect the improvement Soda Alkali-saline Soil, yet former technology is applicable to mainly gently, moderate Saline Meadow Rice Soil (Chen Enfeng, 1962; Qiu Shanwen, 1996), the severe Saline Meadow Rice Soil is being ploughed deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level, and reaches paddy rice break-even (4000kg/hm in 4 years
2), cost very high (Luo Xinzheng, 2004).And the soda alkaline earth (30-100cm being arranged take sodium ion as main natric horizon) that accounts for this district's 30.9% area can not utilize (Li Xiujun, 2001 basically; Lee gets life etc., 1998), therefore administer and utilize into the bottleneck of regional water field large tracts of land exploitation for this reason for the soda alkaline earth.To Soda Alkali-saline Soil rice modification aspect, be mainly to plough deeply to rake the soil level in the past, and applied modifying agent, as add gypsum in saline-alkali soil, furfural dregs etc. also have soil moved in to improve the original to press alkaline process, sand to press alkaline process.Although these methods are effective, bring higher production cost.In the Soda Alkali-saline Soil district, paddy rice Main Cultivation mode is leveled land for the deep ploughing (35cm) of digging, machine rice transplantation.Purpose is loose subsoil, pour water soaked field and flushing salinity.Yet under machinery deep ploughing mode, tend to the saline and alkaline top layer of taking under the root of the crop layer, make the root of the crop layer under the saline and alkaline physiology of high concentration is poisoned and the underproduction or total crop failure.
" carbonic acid solonchak secondary salinization reason and irrigation management measure; Liang Ruifeng. the moderately well-off science and technology of Chinese countryside. o. 11th 52-53 page .2007 December 31 " a kind of method of carbonate soil species rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement disclosed, but its method exists and is only applicable to administer solonchak, and the higher problem of cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to reach the long and high problem of cost of time of break-even for there is rice yield in the method that solves existing improvement soda alkaline earth, and the method for low-cost no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is provided.
The method of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, soil to be improved adopts single single irrigation method of filling with, then take the flat method of being combined with water of drought to level land, carry out the soaked field again and rinse, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and the rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, adopt the whole breeding time of paddy rice multifrequency time to fill with row's mode, irrigation and drainage in every 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, the field management of paddy rice is identical with normal rice field management, namely completes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein refer to after results upper one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning over wait improveing the soil in step 1; In step 1, soaked field water used is that salinity is less than the fresh water of 1g/L; In step 2, rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice upper one year.
The present invention with Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice mode and moisture intermittently desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching technology combine and carry out rice cropping improvement soda alkaline earth, can form fast the desalinzed layer of soil root layer, and keep this layer desalinzed layer, thereby make saline and alkaline heavier soil under desalinzed layer, and do not taken to the top layer by the farming of machinery and increase the weight of the salinization and alkalization on top layer and affect the growth of paddy rice; Advantage is to have avoided machinery to plough, and rakes the soil level before rice transplanting, the level land operation, rely on Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice and intermittently desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching technology realize the saline land quick improvement.
The present invention has reduced the second working of paddy rice, reduces production costs 800 yuan/hectare, has produced unforeseeable technique effect; Shorten rice yield and reached 4000kg/hm
2The time of (rice yield break-even), shorten to 2 years.The rice yield tool is improved a lot, improved 142% than contrast (ploughing deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level) output, reduce simultaneously soil root layer salinization indicators, wherein electrical conductivity contrasts and has reduced by 10.4%, pH has reduced by 3.2%, has effectively guaranteed original state structure and the fertility distribution gradient structure of surface soil.Therefore exploitation has important directive significance for song-Nen plain paddy rice large tracts of land in the present invention, for the ecotope that thoroughly changes the soda alkaline earth has been created condition, the soda alkaline earth is administered and research all has important practice significance and value widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete block diagram of implementing paddy field different soils layer electrical conductivity in five, and wherein solid post ■ represents the soil horizon electrical conductivity of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth, and open tubular column represents the soil horizon electrical conductivity of control group; Fig. 2 is the concrete block diagram of implementing paddy field different soils layer pH in five, and wherein solid post ■ represents the soil horizon pH of no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth, and open tubular column represents the soil horizon pH of control group.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is no-tillage, and kind of the method for rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, soil to be improved adopts single single irrigation method of filling with, then take the flat method of being combined with water of drought to level land, carrying out the soaked field rinses again, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and the rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, adopt the whole breeding time of paddy rice multifrequency time to fill with row's mode, irrigation and drainage in every 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, field management is identical with normal rice field management, namely completes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein refer to after results upper one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning over wait improveing the soil in step 1; In step 1, soaked field water used is that salinity is less than the fresh water of 1g/L; In step 2, rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice upper one year.
In the process in present embodiment step 1 soaked field, water body is general red and the booty of similar foam is arranged, and changes immediately water.
Carry out the soaked field in the present embodiment step 1 and rinse, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times, the mode that called after deep water changes more.
Normal rice field management in the present embodiment step 3:
One, 1, looking into seedling fills the gaps with seedlings; 2, see that seedling pours water; 3, chase after striking root fertilizer; 4, control Liriomyza harm.
Two, 1, early execute tillering fertilizer; 2, the shallow water duty water, suitable dry field; 3, management of weeds and damage by disease and insect.
Three, 1, execute the long ear manuer of jointing; 2, fill with " nourishing the fetus water ", dried dry field falls in good time; 3, prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Four, the middle and later periods management of paddy rice, fertilizer practice: 1, ear manuer; 2, granulated fertilizer.
Five, productive phase management paddy rice at this moment on period management total principle be: support root, protect leaf, prevent leaf presenility, impel the large grain of grain full, prevent unfilled gtains; 1, Rational Irrigation, draining in good time; 2, gather in the crops in good time.
Adopt above-mentioned existing farming method, can realize present embodiment.
Embodiment two: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in step 1 be 5cm, and the soaked field number of times is 4 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in step 1 be 7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: not being both of present embodiment and embodiment one flooded water layer thickness in step 1 be 6cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3 times.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is no-tillage, and kind of the method for rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, soil to be improved adopts single single irrigation method of filling with, then take the flat method of being combined with water of drought to level land, carrying out the soaked field rinses again, flooding water layer thickness is 7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and the rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 5 strains; Three, adopt the whole breeding time of paddy rice multifrequency time to fill with row's mode, irrigation and drainage in every 5 days once, water layer is 5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, field management is identical with normal rice field management, namely completes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein refer to after results upper one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning over wait improveing the soil in step 1; In step 1, soaked field water used is that salinity is less than the fresh water of 1g/L; In step 2, rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice upper one year.
In the process in present embodiment step 1 soaked field, water body is general red and the booty of similar foam is arranged, and changes immediately water.
In present embodiment, soil to be improved is 2006-2010, in the experiment and demonstration base, Ta Laha town of the West of Songnen Plain Heilongjiang Province Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County (problem " environmentally friendly soda alkaline land is with rice solodization pattern and technology " in having implemented national 11th Five-Year brainstorm project " semiarid salinization of soil area degraded ecosystem comprehensive improvement technology and pattern ", in conjunction with above-mentioned project implementation, set up paddy rice solodization experiment and demonstration district).
In present embodiment, no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth obtains following result:
No-tillage douching technique has reduced the second working of paddy rice, reduces costs 800 yuan/hectare; Shorten the time of paddy rice break-even, reached the paddy rice break-even in 2 years; Improve rice in saline-alkali field output as shown in table 1, compare (ploughing deeply the WATER-WASHING METHOD of raking the soil level) with control group, present embodiment is no-tillage, and rear rice yield improves 142%;
Table 1
Reduce the topsoil soils salinization and alkalization, no-tillage rear soil conductivity obviously reduces, result as shown in Figure 1, as seen, 0～10cm has reduced by 15.2%, 10～20cm soil horizon and has reduced by 14.7%, 20～30cm soil horizon electrical conductivity and fall the end 1.4%; (0～30cm) electrical conductivity has reduced by 10.4% to whole plough horizon;
Soil pH obviously reduces, result as shown in Figure 2, as seen, 0～10cm soil horizon pH reduced by 4%, 10～20 and 20～30cm soil horizon pH reduced respectively 2.6% and 2.8%, plough horizon pH contrasts and has reduced by 3.2%.
Claims (2)
1. the low-cost no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improves the method for soda alkaline earth, the method that it is characterized in that low-cost no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth is carried out according to the following steps: one, soil to be improved adopts single single irrigation method of filling with, then take the flat method of being combined with water of drought to level land, carrying out the soaked field rinses again, flooding water layer thickness is 5～7cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3～4 times; Two, in 25～June 5 May in every year, the rice seedling of getting leaf age and be 3.5～4 leaves carries out rice transplanting, and the rice seedling seeding row spacing is 8 * 4 cun, and every cave strain number is 4～5 strains; Three, adopt the whole breeding time of paddy rice multifrequency time to fill with row's mode, irrigation and drainage in every 5 days once, water layer is 3～5cm, removing the water time is September 20～25; Four, the field management of paddy rice is identical with normal rice field management, namely completes no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching improvement soda alkaline earth after the paddy rice maturation; Wherein refer to after results upper one year paddy rice rice field without any plow harrow of turning over wait improveing the soil in step 1; In step 1, soaked field water used is that salinity is less than the fresh water of 1g/L; In step 2, rice transplanting is to carry out rice transplanting in the ranks in paddy rice upper one year.
2. no-tillage kind of rice desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of low cost according to claim 1 improves the method for soda alkaline earth, and it is characterized in that flooding in step 1 water layer thickness is 6cm, and the soaked field number of times is 3 times.
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| CN102668764A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 桂林理工大学 | Method of soil improvement for alkaline limestone soil rice field in organic rice conversion period |
| CN102919090A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | One-hole multi-plants close planting method for saline-alkali soil rice |
| CN103891449B (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2016-01-13 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of soda salinized soil rapid build |
| CN105144893B (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-26 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of soaked field phase for improveing soda alkaline land paddy field fills water discharge method |
| CN108496458A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Severe Soda saline and alkaline soils staged modification method |
| CN112425305A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 博域环保技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil |
| CN114667819B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Improvement method for removing slurry of soda saline-alkali rice field and application thereof |
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| CN1117516C (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2003-08-13 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Large rice seedling growing technology in container for resiting cultivation in saline-alkaline land |
| CN101199265B (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Culture method increasing utilization of light energy of rice |
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