CN109348751A - Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method - Google Patents
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, include the following steps: step 1, when rice field is with respect to dry ground, had using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine, go deep into 12 ~ 15cm of ground soil horizon below, it is that 15 ~ 20cm circular saw bit (15) cut deep soil formation rippers layer (14) using diameter, is hard stratum (17) under rippers layer (14)；Arable layer (18) is by rotary blade (8) rotary tillage at hack layer (16), in cultivating procedure, interlayer is formed between hack layer (16) and rippers layer (14), forms " sandwich " type structure that upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil is loose, is constructed unique " Soil Reservoir "；Step 2, before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 8 ~ 10cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, rice field topsoil is crushed；Or under the conditions of having water layer, the 8 ~ 10cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs；Step 3 is sowed or is transplanted according to the general planting method of rice；Step 4 carries out rice field water and fertilizer management according to Routine Management mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crops methods of cultivation, specially a kind of rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation side
Method.
Background technique
For thousands of years, China's traditional crop methods of cultivation machinery, animal power or manpower carries out soil cultivation, and creation has one
The loose topsoil of depthkeeping degree, operation mode include ploughing, harrow, hoe, level land with this kind of tool, intertill and suppressing, these cultivation modes can promote
Into soil aeration, the soil moisture is adjusted, promotes Nutrient Transformation and other effects；But also have disadvantageously: (1) turning over keeps wet soil naked
Dew accelerates scattering and disappearing for soil moisture, is unfavorable for preserving soil moisture, especially in spring drought.(2) oxygen for accelerating the soil organism is turned over
Change and decompose, soil organic matter content is caused to decline.(3) it turns over and larger power is needed to throw people, increase agriculture production cost.(4) long
Phase turns over plough sole easy to form, causes soil compaction, influences the permeability etc. of soil.(5) it in arid, semiarid zone, turns over
Field soil bareness after ploughing, be easy to cause soil drifting, leads to soil fertility degeneration, forms sandstorm, destroys ecological environment.
Powdery ridge technology is Industrial Crop Inst., Academy of Agriculture Science, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Wei Benhui researcher and its team
After the research achievement in more than 10 years, volume increase, upgrading, water conservation, ecological ultra-deep native agro-farming technology living can be integrated, it is with invention
Powdery ridge mechanical " spiral farming drill bit " vertically bury, cultivate 1~3 times of subsoiling, disposable completion site preparation task deeply than conventional tillage,
It is applied on 22 provinces (city, autonomous region), 33 kinds of crops, volume increase 10~50%, quality improve 5% or more, natural rainfall and increase reserves 1
Again, ecological environment is obviously improved, and becomes after manpower, animal power, tractor " forth generation " agro-farming mode.Yuan Longping, Li Zhen
The 10 multidigit academician such as sound give affirmative evaluation to powdery ridge technology.The experts such as Liu Xu academician in 2012 assessment of result " tool is original "；
On January 13rd, 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture organize academician's expert opinion " being a very great invention ", are " in soil cultivation technology
Great innovation, reach the similar research leading level in the world ".The Ministry of Agriculture in 2017 has been set to " powdery ridge green ecological agricultural technology "
It is included in the featured technology of country.
Powdery ridge technology trench plowing activates a variety of land resources, rehabilitating soil, the huge section for increasing storage natural rainfall, improving ecology
Learn and application potential, green ecological big pattern agricultural can be constructed, be expected to make China by single " arable land farming ", realize to " arable land+
Salt-soda soil+Degraded Grasslands+marginal land+rivers water body+offshore waters " etc. " the super agricultural of green " pattern transformation, makes grain, meat
The agricultural product such as milk, fish are able to high quality output, and natural rainfall more stores land and becomes available water resource, integrally cracks
Existing agricultural resource do not match that with population development demand, causes for Ensuring Food Safety, has on mode of agriculture
High yield or Super-high-yielding are pursued, heap causes the easily contaminated predicament again of soil and water body, air to fertilize and using more pesticides
With problem.As it can be seen that achieving huge effect in the promotion and application of powdery ridge technology throughout our country.
" Soil Reservoir " field is being constructed by powdery ridge technology, the Wei Benhui researcher of one of inventor is also goed deep into
Research, such as: a kind of 1. nonirrigated farmland powdery ridge rain support the methods that efficiently grow cane, using powdery ridge is mechanical and powder Ridge tillage, to not having
The cane planting nonirrigated farmland of irrigation conditions carries out the rotary tillage farming of powdery ridge ultra-deep；By fertilizer required for the time of infertility before powdery ridge, 70~
80% spreads fertilizer over the fields in ground, then carries out powder Ridge jobs, it is uniformly buried in topsoil to make fertilizer, and make sugarcane root system vertical distribution
It is deep to prick；Acclive cane planting row starts plantation according to contour, and every 10 meters or so of (gutter) in the ranks are planted in level land nonirrigated farmland
If minor dam water storage, while maximization will seep under natural rainfall and run up to " Soil Reservoir ", nutrient in soil is coordinated with water, is applied
It fat point etc., realizes that nutrition equilibrium supply sugarcane root system utilizes within the time of infertility, achievees the purpose that high yield synergy.2. a kind of grass
The polywater rich careless methods of cultivation in original powder ridge carry out appropriate deep ploughing, specific requirement using high-powered rotary machine are as follows: a, with working width 80~
200cm carries out strip powder ridge, and depth is 30~40cm；B, powdery ridge is carried out every 15~20m in pasture growing area edge area to plough
Make once, make powdery ridge soil 10~12cm above ground level, the trench bottom that loosens the soil is in "U" shaped, is convenient for water storage and Hu Shui；Cooperate simultaneously
The measures such as drainage channel, overlay film, pasture growing and management are established, plays and keeps grassland ecological water and soil balance, improve forage yield,
The final effect for improving animal husbandry development, economy and ecological benefits raising for grassland ecological have highly important effect and
Meaning.The growth promoting methods of cultivation 3. a kind of Arid&semi-arid area powdery ridge rotation water storage deeply is kept a full stand of seedings, using rotary tillage screw type machinery to cultivated
Make deep ploughing among area, two sides are ploughed shallowly, while silt, and natural ridging after deep rotation soil, forming two sides has the ditch that shallowly loosens the soil to surround, and band
The T-shape ridge furrow on certain angle inclined-plane.Drainage channel is opened in the area Fei Geng, overlay film on the furrow of ridge opens implantation hole, and around implantation hole
It establishes water storage groove to retain and conserve soil moisture, while the standardization farming operations such as Fertilizers application, disposably be completed by integrated machine,
Substantially increase labor efficiency, while the methods of cultivation can effectively improve 30% or more soil moisture content, crop yield 40% with
On, economic benefit is significantly increased, and establish a new ecological balance, there is biggish promotion price in northwest arid area
Value.
As it can be seen that foundations of above " Soil Reservoir " is played by way of artificially build planting groove or U-typed is cheated
It retains and conserve soil moisture function, rather than allows soil itself to play water storage function by farming.Currently, China no matter nonirrigated farmland vegetation such as grassland,
Greening, dry crop such as corn, sugarcane, sweet potato, potato, peanut, wheat etc. or wet crop such as rice all suffer from dry season
Moisturizing problem, and the transformation to soil is disposably completed by tillage method, soil water storage ability is improved, relative to the above invention
Technology more has promotion and application value.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation methods, existing in protection rice field
On the basis of having arable layer, rice field plough sole soil saw broken using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool, constructed new
Rice field upper layer, lower soil not random " super paddy field plow layer " are both opposite to keep existing curing topsoil and its nutrition
State, and can activate plough sole soil resource, being formed new can promote rice and other crop growths of rice field and volume increase
The ecological environment of soil of upgrading.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, include the following steps:
(1) rice field bottom hack: when rice field is with respect to dry ground, being had using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine, go deep into ground 12 ~
15cm soil horizon below is that 15 ~ 20cm circular saw bit cuts deep soil formation rippers layer using diameter, is under rippers layer
Hard stratum；Arable layer is by rotary blade rotary tillage at hack layer, and in cultivating procedure, hack layer and the interlayer that loosens the soil form interlayer, reduces
Soil disturbance enhances conservation tillage performance；Form " sandwich " that upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil is loose
Type structure constructs unique " Soil Reservoir "；
(2) before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 8 ~ 10cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, rice field topsoil is crushed；Or
Under the conditions of having water layer, the 8 ~ 10cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs person；
(3) plantation of rice: sowing according to the general planting method of rice or transplanting, plantation later period, rice two seasons or when the triple cropping of rice not
Deep soil loosening is needed, only rice field topsoil need to be carried out and gently plough, meanwhile, same field is not required to operation of loosening the soil of deep ploughing for 3 years；
(4) rice growing season water and fertilizer management: rice field water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Routine Management mode, is killed in rice growing season use
Worm medicine fertilizer and Bactericide fertilizer prevent and treat pest and disease damage, use Weed removal medicinal fertilizer controlling weeds；Insecticide ingredient is thiophene in the insecticide fertilizer
Worm piperazine, Rynaxypyr；Fungicide effective component is thifluzamide in Bactericide fertilizer；Herbicidal composition is benzyl in Weed removal medicinal fertilizer
Sulfometuron Methyl, tribenuron-methyl.
The rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool, including tractor, rotary blade and circular saw bit, the disk
Saw blade is mounted on the rear portion of tractor, and rotary blade is mounted between circular saw bit and tractor；The position of rotary blade is higher than disk
The position of saw blade；Circular saw bit can sink to arable layer lower part, and circular saw bit is driven by power device and realizes arable layer lower part
Hard stratum sawing be rippers layer；Arable layer is broken into hack layer by rotary blade.
Gearbox is installed in driving and hitch frame on rear side of the tractor；The lower part of gearbox passes through driving shaft shell
It is connected with transmission case；Drive shaft is mounted in driving shaft shell, the power output gear connection in the upper end and gearbox of drive shaft,
Power input gear connection in the lower end and transmission case of drive shaft；The two sides that circular saw bit is separately mounted to transmission case pass through biography
On moving axis；The power device for providing power for drive shaft is connect with gearbox；Driving and traction between gearbox and tractor
Rotary tillage transmission case is installed, rotary blade is mounted on the bottom end of rotary tillage transmission case on frame.
The power device is hydraulic motor, and hydraulic motor is fixedly mounted on gearbox.
The gearbox is hinged on driving and hitch frame；Circular saw bit lifting liquid is also equipped in driving and hitch frame
The telescopic shaft of cylinder pressure, circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder is connect with driving shaft shell.
The front and rear of the transmission case is equipped with the colter for breaking ground.
The rotary tillage transmission case is rotatably mounted on driving and hitch frame；Rotation is also equipped on driving and hitch frame
The telescopic shaft of coulter lifting hydraulic cylinder, rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder is connect with rotary tillage transmission case.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention ploughs rice field using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool on the basis of the existing arable layer in protection rice field
Subsoil saw broken, constructs new rice field upper layer, lower soil not random " super paddy field plow layer ", both opposite to keep existing
There is curing topsoil and its nutritional status, and plough sole soil resource can be activated, being formed new can promote rice and rice
The ecological environment of soil of field other crop growths and increasing yield and improving quality；In rice field, no water layer, soil moisture is at 70% or so,
Carry out the hack farming of rice field powdery ridge；Before rice transplanting, dry field can be used gently ploughs the modes such as return water weak soil rice transplanting and transplant, it can also be with
Return water back spin cultivated land face soil in rice field is transplanted in modes such as rice transplantings after pulpous state；Other field management carry out according to a conventional method.It realizes
Native, water conservation living improves rice field " natural force " supply level, the crop productions abilities such as rice is improved, to reduce fertilizer and pesticide amount of application
With soil erosion amount in environmentally protective rice field agricultural production purpose.
(2) arable layer that the present invention makees than Traditional Rice Tagayasu Den deepens 1 times or more, avoids and reduces water in field and outflow, in rice field
Soil and the fertilizer of application hardly outflow and have the function of " environmental protection ", and soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen, microorganism etc. increase,
Rice cropping applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, which can reduce 10 ~ 20% and be able to maintain it, shows no increases in output or increases production.
(3) rice root planted after being handled using the rice field bottom powdery ridge hack methods of cultivation of the present invention is deep, stalk is sturdy not
Lodging, leaf color are black green, the increasing production of rice 15 ~ 20% relative to the plantation of the conventional methods of cultivation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram in A-A direction in Fig. 1；
The component names of serial number in figure are as follows:
1, tractor, 2, driving and hitch frame, 3, rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder, 4, rotary tillage transmission case, 5, hydraulic motor, 6, speed change
Case, 7, circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder, 8, rotary blade, 9, drive shaft, 10, driving shaft shell, 11, colter, 12, transmission case, 13, biography
Moving axis, 14, rippers layer, 15, circular saw bit, 16, hack layer, 17, hard stratum, 18, arable layer.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed technology for introducing the application, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, the technology of the application is done
It further illustrates.
Embodiment 1
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, include the following steps:
(1) rice field bottom hack: when rice field is with respect to dry ground, is had using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine, go deep into ground
12cm soil horizon below, using diameter be 15cm circular saw bit 15 cut deep soil formed rippers layer 14, rippers layer 14 it
It is down hard stratum 17；Arable layer 18 by 8 rotary tillage of rotary blade at hack layer 16, in cultivating procedure, hack layer 16 and rippers layer 14
Between form interlayer, reduce soil disturbance, enhance conservation tillage performance；Upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil for formation
Loose " sandwich " the type structure of earth constructs unique " Soil Reservoir "；
(2) before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 8cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, rice field topsoil is crushed；Or
Under the conditions of having water layer, the 8cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs；
(3) plantation of rice: sowing according to the general planting method of rice or transplanting, plantation later period, rice two seasons or when the triple cropping of rice not
Deep soil loosening is needed, rice field topsoil 5 need to be only carried out and gently plough, meanwhile, same field is not required to operation of loosening the soil of deep ploughing for 3 years；
(4) rice growing season water and fertilizer management: rice field water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Routine Management mode, is killed in rice growing season use
Worm medicine fertilizer and Bactericide fertilizer prevent and treat pest and disease damage, use Weed removal medicinal fertilizer controlling weeds；Insecticide fertilizer used is 0.08% Diacloden medicine fertilizer
Mixture and 0.1% Rynaxypyr medicament-fertilizer mixture are mainly used for preventing and treating planthopper and rice leaf roller and two changes in paddy field
Snout moth's larva；Bactericide fertilizer is 0.2% thifluzamide medicament-fertilizer mixture, prevents and treats rice sheath blight disease；Weed removal medicinal fertilizer is 0.2% bensulfuron-methyl benzene sulphur
Grand medicament-fertilizer mixture, for preventing and treating the weeds in rice field.
The rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool, including tractor 1, rotary blade 8 and circular saw bit 15, it is described
Circular saw bit 15 is mounted on the rear portion of tractor 1, and rotary blade 8 is mounted between circular saw bit 15 and tractor 1；Rotary blade 8
Position is higher than the position of circular saw bit 15；Circular saw bit 15 can sink to 18 lower part of arable layer, and circular saw bit 15 is filled by power
It sets driving and realizes that 17 sawing of hard stratum of 18 lower part of arable layer is rippers layer 14；Arable layer 18 is broken into hack layer by rotary blade 8
16。
Gearbox 6 is installed on the driving of 1 rear side of tractor and hitch frame 2；The lower part of gearbox 6 passes through driving
Axle housing 10 is connected with transmission case 12；Drive shaft 9 is mounted in driving shaft shell 10, the upper end of drive shaft 9 and the power in gearbox 6
Output gear connection, the lower end of drive shaft 9 is connect with the power input gear in transmission case 12；Circular saw bit 15 is separately mounted to
The two sides of transmission case 12 pass through on transmission shaft 13；The power device for providing power for drive shaft 9 is connect with gearbox 6；Gearbox 6
Rotary tillage transmission case 4 is installed in driving and hitch frame 2 between tractor 1, rotary blade 8 is mounted on the bottom of rotary tillage transmission case 4
End.
The power device is hydraulic motor 5, and hydraulic motor 5 is fixedly mounted on gearbox 6.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on driving and hitch frame 2；Circular saw bit liter is also equipped on driving and hitch frame 2
The telescopic shaft of descending liquid cylinder pressure 7, circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder 7 is connect with driving shaft shell 10.
Embodiment 2
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, include the following steps:
(1) rice field bottom hack: when rice field is with respect to dry ground, is had using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine, go deep into ground
13cm soil horizon below, using diameter be 18cm circular saw bit 15 cut deep soil formed rippers layer 14, rippers layer 14 it
It is down hard stratum 17；Arable layer 18 by 8 rotary tillage of rotary blade at hack layer 16, in cultivating procedure, hack layer 16 and rippers layer 14
Between form interlayer, reduce soil disturbance, enhance conservation tillage performance；Upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil for formation
Loose " sandwich " the type structure of earth constructs unique " Soil Reservoir "；
(2) before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 9cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, rice field topsoil is crushed；Or
Under the conditions of having water layer, the 9cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs；
(3) plantation of rice: sowing according to the general planting method of rice or transplanting, plantation later period, rice two seasons or when the triple cropping of rice not
Deep soil loosening is needed, rice field topsoil 5 need to be only carried out and gently plough, meanwhile, same field is not required to operation of loosening the soil of deep ploughing for 3 years；The desinsection
Insecticide ingredient is Diacloden, Rynaxypyr in medicine fertilizer；Fungicide effective component is thifluzamide in Bactericide fertilizer；Weeding
Herbicidal composition is bensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl in medicine fertilizer；
(4) rice growing season water and fertilizer management: rice field water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Routine Management mode, is killed in rice growing season use
Worm medicine fertilizer and Bactericide fertilizer prevent and treat pest and disease damage, use Weed removal medicinal fertilizer controlling weeds.Insecticide fertilizer used is 0.08% Diacloden medicine fertilizer
Mixture and 0.1% Rynaxypyr medicament-fertilizer mixture are mainly used for preventing and treating planthopper and rice leaf roller and two changes in paddy field
Snout moth's larva；Bactericide fertilizer is 0.2% thifluzamide medicament-fertilizer mixture, prevents and treats rice sheath blight disease；Weed removal medicinal fertilizer is 0.2% bensulfuron-methyl benzene sulphur
Grand medicament-fertilizer mixture, for preventing and treating the weeds in rice field.Insecticide fertilizer used is 0.08% Diacloden medicament-fertilizer mixture and 0.1% chlorine worm benzene
Formamide medicament-fertilizer mixture is mainly used for preventing and treating planthopper and rice leaf roller and striped rice borer in paddy field；Bactericide fertilizer is 0.2%
Thifluzamide medicament-fertilizer mixture prevents and treats rice sheath blight disease；Weed removal medicinal fertilizer is 0.2% bensulfuron-methyl tribenuron-methyl medicament-fertilizer mixture, for preventing
Control the weeds in rice field.
The rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool, including tractor 1, rotary blade 8 and circular saw bit 15, it is described
Circular saw bit 15 is mounted on the rear portion of tractor 1, and rotary blade 8 is mounted between circular saw bit 15 and tractor 1；Rotary blade 8
Position is higher than the position of circular saw bit 15；Circular saw bit 15 can sink to 18 lower part of arable layer, and circular saw bit 15 is filled by power
It sets driving and realizes that 17 sawing of hard stratum of 18 lower part of arable layer is rippers layer 14；Arable layer 18 is broken into hack layer by rotary blade 8
16。
Gearbox 6 is installed on the driving of 1 rear side of tractor and hitch frame 2；The lower part of gearbox 6 passes through driving
Axle housing 10 is connected with transmission case 12；Drive shaft 9 is mounted in driving shaft shell 10, the upper end of drive shaft 9 and the power in gearbox 6
Output gear connection, the lower end of drive shaft 9 is connect with the power input gear in transmission case 12；Circular saw bit 15 is separately mounted to
The two sides of transmission case 12 pass through on transmission shaft 13；The power device for providing power for drive shaft 9 is connect with gearbox 6；Gearbox 6
Rotary tillage transmission case 4 is installed in driving and hitch frame 2 between tractor 1, rotary blade 8 is mounted on the bottom of rotary tillage transmission case 4
End.
The power device is hydraulic motor 5, and hydraulic motor 5 is fixedly mounted on gearbox 6.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on driving and hitch frame 2；Circular saw bit liter is also equipped on driving and hitch frame 2
The telescopic shaft of descending liquid cylinder pressure 7, circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder 7 is connect with driving shaft shell 10.
The rotary tillage transmission case 4 is rotatably mounted on driving and hitch frame 2；It is also installed on driving and hitch frame 2
There is rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder 3, the telescopic shaft of rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder 3 is connect with rotary tillage transmission case 4.
Embodiment 3
Rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, include the following steps:
(1) rice field bottom hack: when rice field is with respect to dry ground, is had using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine, go deep into ground
15cm soil horizon below, using diameter be 20cm circular saw bit 15 cut deep soil formed rippers layer 14, rippers layer 14 it
It is down hard stratum 17；Arable layer 18 by 8 rotary tillage of rotary blade at hack layer 16, in cultivating procedure, hack layer 16 and rippers layer 14
Between form interlayer, reduce soil disturbance, enhance conservation tillage performance；Upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil for formation
Loose " sandwich " the type structure of earth constructs unique " Soil Reservoir "；
(2) before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 10cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, rice field topsoil is crushed；Or
Under the conditions of having water layer, the 10cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs；
(3) plantation of rice: sowing according to the general planting method of rice or transplanting, plantation later period, rice two seasons or when the triple cropping of rice not
Deep soil loosening is needed, rice field topsoil 5 need to be only carried out and gently plough, meanwhile, same field is not required to operation of loosening the soil of deep ploughing for 3 years；The desinsection
Insecticide ingredient is Diacloden, Rynaxypyr in medicine fertilizer；Fungicide effective component is thifluzamide in Bactericide fertilizer；Weeding
Herbicidal composition is bensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl in medicine fertilizer；
(4) rice growing season water and fertilizer management: rice field water and fertilizer management is carried out according to Routine Management mode, is killed in rice growing season use
Worm medicine fertilizer and Bactericide fertilizer prevent and treat pest and disease damage, use Weed removal medicinal fertilizer controlling weeds.Insecticide fertilizer used is 0.08% Diacloden medicine fertilizer
Mixture and 0.1% Rynaxypyr medicament-fertilizer mixture are mainly used for preventing and treating planthopper and rice leaf roller and two changes in paddy field
Snout moth's larva；Bactericide fertilizer is 0.2% thifluzamide medicament-fertilizer mixture, prevents and treats rice sheath blight disease；Weed removal medicinal fertilizer is 0.2% bensulfuron-methyl benzene sulphur
Grand medicament-fertilizer mixture, for preventing and treating the weeds in rice field.
The rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine tool, including tractor 1, rotary blade 8 and circular saw bit 15, it is described
Circular saw bit 15 is mounted on the rear portion of tractor 1, and rotary blade 8 is mounted between circular saw bit 15 and tractor 1；Rotary blade 8
Position is higher than the position of circular saw bit 15；Circular saw bit 15 can sink to 18 lower part of arable layer, and circular saw bit 15 is filled by power
It sets driving and realizes that 17 sawing of hard stratum of 18 lower part of arable layer is rippers layer 14；Arable layer 18 is broken into hack layer by rotary blade 8
16。
Gearbox 6 is installed on the driving of 1 rear side of tractor and hitch frame 2；The lower part of gearbox 6 passes through driving
Axle housing 10 is connected with transmission case 12；Drive shaft 9 is mounted in driving shaft shell 10, the upper end of drive shaft 9 and the power in gearbox 6
Output gear connection, the lower end of drive shaft 9 is connect with the power input gear in transmission case 12；Circular saw bit 15 is separately mounted to
The two sides of transmission case 12 pass through on transmission shaft 13；The power device for providing power for drive shaft 9 is connect with gearbox 6；Gearbox 6
Rotary tillage transmission case 4 is installed in driving and hitch frame 2 between tractor 1, rotary blade 8 is mounted on the bottom of rotary tillage transmission case 4
End.
The power device is hydraulic motor 5, and hydraulic motor 5 is fixedly mounted on gearbox 6.
The gearbox 5 is hinged on driving and hitch frame 2；Circular saw bit liter is also equipped on driving and hitch frame 2
The telescopic shaft of descending liquid cylinder pressure 7, circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder 7 is connect with driving shaft shell 10.
The front and rear of the transmission case 12 is equipped with the colter 11 for breaking ground.
The rotary tillage transmission case 4 is rotatably mounted on driving and hitch frame 2；It is also installed on driving and hitch frame 2
There is rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder 3, the telescopic shaft of rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder 3 is connect with rotary tillage transmission case 4.
The rice root planted or transplanted using the methods of cultivation of the present invention is pricked deep, and stalk is sturdy, and leaf color is dark green, is produced through surveying,
The rice that the method for the present invention was planted, per mu yield reach 639.80kg, averagely increase production 88.47kg relative to control field.
Claims (8)
1. rice field bottom powdery ridge hack farming and ecological cultivation method, characterized by the following steps:
Rice field bottom hack: step 1 when rice field is with respect to dry ground, is had, in depth using rice field interlayer hack efficient tillage machine
12 ~ 15cm of face soil horizon below is that 15 ~ 20cm circular saw bit (15) cut deep soil formation rippers layer using diameter
(14), it is under rippers layer (14) hard stratum (17)；Arable layer (18) by rotary blade (8) rotary tillage at hack layer (16), in farming
In the process, interlayer is formed between hack layer (16) and rippers layer (14), reduces soil disturbance, enhances conservation tillage performance；It is formed
" sandwich " type structure that upper layer is shallowly loosened the soil, BC soil is motionless, deep soil is loose constructs unique " Soil Reservoir "；
Step 2, before rice transplanting, using powdery ridge machinery bury 8 ~ 10cm carry out dry ground rotary tillage, by rice field topsoil powder
It is broken；Or under the conditions of having water layer, the 8 ~ 10cm that buries carries out slurry and ploughs；
Step 3, the plantation of rice: sowing according to the general planting method of rice or transplanting, plantation later period, rice two seasons or the triple cropping of rice
Shi Buxu deep soil loosening need to only carry out rice field topsoil (5) and gently plough, meanwhile, same field is not required to operation of loosening the soil of deep ploughing for 3 years；
Rice growing season water and fertilizer management: step 4 carries out rice field water and fertilizer management according to Routine Management mode, makes in rice growing season
Pest and disease damage is prevented and treated with insecticide fertilizer and Bactericide fertilizer, uses Weed removal medicinal fertilizer controlling weeds.
2. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 1 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: including dragging
Machine drawing (1), rotary blade (8) and circular saw bit (15), the circular saw bit (15) are mounted on the rear portion of tractor (1), rotary tillage
Knife (8) is mounted between circular saw bit (15) and tractor (1)；The position of rotary blade (8) is higher than the position of circular saw bit (15)；
Circular saw bit (15) can sink to arable layer (18) lower part, and circular saw bit (15) is driven by power device and realizes arable layer (18)
Hard stratum (17) sawing of lower part is rippers layer (14)；Arable layer (18) is broken into hack layer (16) by rotary blade (8).
3. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 2 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: described
Gearbox (6) are installed in driving and hitch frame (2) on rear side of tractor (1)；The lower part of gearbox (6) passes through driving shaft shell
(10) transmission case (12) are connected with；Drive shaft (9) is mounted in driving shaft shell (10), the upper end and gearbox (6) of drive shaft (9)
Interior power output gear connection, the lower end of drive shaft (9) is connect with the power input gear in transmission case (12)；Circular saw bit
(15) two sides for being separately mounted to transmission case (12) pass through on transmission shaft (13)；The power device of power is provided for drive shaft (9)
It is connect with gearbox (6)；Rotary tillage transmission case is installed in driving and hitch frame (2) between gearbox (6) and tractor (1)
(4), rotary blade (8) is mounted on the bottom end of rotary tillage transmission case (4).
4. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 3 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: described
Power device is hydraulic motor (5), and hydraulic motor (5) is fixedly mounted on gearbox (6).
5. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 3 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: described
Gearbox (5) is hinged on driving and hitch frame (2)；Circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder is also equipped on driving and hitch frame (2)
(7), the telescopic shaft of circular saw bit lifting hydraulic cylinder (7) is connect with driving shaft shell (10).
6. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 3 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: described
The front and rear of transmission case (12) is equipped with the colter (11) for breaking ground.
7. bottom powdery ridge hack farming in rice field according to claim 3 and ecological cultivation method, it is characterised in that: described
Rotary tillage transmission case (4) is rotatably mounted on driving and hitch frame (2)；Rotary blade is also equipped on driving and hitch frame (2)
The telescopic shaft of lifting hydraulic cylinder (3), rotary blade lifting hydraulic cylinder (3) is connect with rotary tillage transmission case (4).
8. the farming of rice field bottom powdery ridge hack and ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 4 institute
Stating insecticide ingredient in insecticide fertilizer is Diacloden, Rynaxypyr；Fungicide effective component is thiophene furan acyl in Bactericide fertilizer
Amine；Herbicidal composition is bensulfuron-methyl, tribenuron-methyl in Weed removal medicinal fertilizer.
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| CN111213457A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-02 | 高善峰 | Water and soil conservation and ecological greening method for mine refuse dump |
| CN118057999A (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-05-24 | 兰溪市农业技术推广中心 | Transplanting equipment for interplanting rape in paddy field and application method |
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