CN105935035B - A kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural methods.It includes selection, site preparation, sowing, water management, fertilising, weeding and the insect pest preventing and controlling of kind.Before sowing, first by seed rice presoaking and germinating to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；It is sowed when temperature on average in May is stablized at 12 DEG C or more；It is required that soil salt content should be below 3 ‰；5-10cm water layer is established in field when sowing, the root system of Salvage and Wreck Removal reed after pouring water；It is broadcasted sowing using mechanical seed broadcaster, application rate is 12-13kg/ mus.After planting 5-10cm water layer is kept to before emerging；It is drained immediately after emergence.This method is directed to mild or moderate salt-soda soil, compares existing paddy machinery direct-sowing dry cultural method, low to saline and alkaline requirement, it is time saving, saving of labor, while there is stronger volume increase advantage, it is of great significance for improvement salt-soda soil, raising agricultural production efficiency, increase cereal crops yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural methods, belong to agriculture skill
Art field.
Background technique
Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta area has nearly 8,000,000 mu of unused salt-soda soils and more than 1,100 ten thousand mu of middle-and-low-yielding fields urgently to open
Hair utilizes.Rice is the pioneer crop for improveing salt-soda soil.By rice cultivation, salt-soda soil, sufficiently low yield in excavation are developed and used
The yield potential in field establishes the Rice Production technical system of ecological efficient, can effectively facilitate the agriculture in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta area
Industry sustainable development.
Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta area more people it is few, rural labour is deficient, manually educates that rice transplanting is at high cost, and Rice Production is gently simple
Change, mechanization is inevitable trend.Present invention applicant has applied for a kind of Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta paddy machinery in 2015
Direct-sowing dry cultural method (number of patent application 201510388461.5), this method include variety selection, site preparation, sowing, moisture pipe
Reason, fertilising, prevention and control of weeds and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The kind that its variety selection Saline alkali tolerance is good, germinating energy is strong, resistant to lodging；It broadcasts
The kind phase is mid or late May, and dry seeds application rate is 8-9kg/ mus；Water supply-demand equilibrium is after planting poured water, after seed suctions water
It drains immediately；Prevention and control of weeds prevents and treats reed before sowing first；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control needs to prevent and treat red line worm.This method have it is time saving,
Saving of labor, it is water-saving, save many advantages, such as cost, synergy, but this method is only applicable to slight alkaline land, soil saliferous before sowing
Amount requires below 2 ‰.
Paddy machinery water direct seeding refers to that without nursery, transplanting, mechanization is carried out in the case where establishing certain water layer for seed rice
Seeding operation eliminates the links such as nursery, rice transplanting, and compared with conventional manual's rice transplanting, production efficiency is greatly improved, and production cost is aobvious
Writing reduces, and is a kind of efficient cropping pattern, has many advantages, such as time saving, saving of labor, cost-saving synergistic, before wide application
Scape.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of cultivations of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing
Method, this method are directed to mild or moderate salt-soda soil, compare existing paddy machinery direct-sowing dry cultural method, low to saline and alkaline requirement,
It is time saving, saving of labor, while there is stronger volume increase advantage, for improvement salt-soda soil, improve agricultural production efficiency, increase cereal crops
Yield is of great significance.
The technical scheme is that a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method,
It is characterized in that
(1) variety selection
Select strong, resistant to lodging, saline-alkali tolerant the kind of germinating energy；
(2) site preparation
It ploughed before winter, spring rotary tillage 1-2 times again carries out water leveling after upper water, and same plot difference of height is no more than 3cm；
(3) it sows
Before sowing, first by seed rice presoaking and germinating to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；It is sowed when temperature on average in May is stablized at 12 DEG C or more；It wants
Ask soil salt content should be below 3 ‰；5-10cm water layer is established in field when sowing；It is broadcasted sowing, is sowed using mechanical seed broadcaster
Amount is 12-13kg/ mus, and amplitude of broadcasting sowing is 11-13 meters；
(4) water management
After planting 5-10cm water layer is kept to before emerging；It is drained immediately after emergence, until keeping ground moistening before tri-leaf period；Three
Before the leaf phase to boot stage, interval douche, alternation of wetting and drying are taken；Boot stage and blooming stage, field keep shoaling layer；Pustulation period adopts
Take interval douche, alternation of wetting and drying；Harvest the last week cuts off the water；
(5) it applies fertilizer
Base fertilizer: mu applies decomposed organic fertilizer 1300-1500kg, and mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18-22kg；
Top dressing: tri-leaf period apply 7-8kg/ mus of urea, 10 days after apply 12-18kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage should take the circumstances into consideration Shaoshi fertilizer
(control of urea amount of application is in 6-10kg per acre)；
(6) weeding
A. reed processing before sowing: upper reed with clearing when spring nonirrigated farmland uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil is salvaged after pouring water
Remove the root system of reed；
B. cauline leaf process: miscellaneous using penoxsuam prevention and treatment barnyard grass, annual sedge weed etc. after rice tri-leaf period
Grass；
(7) insect pest preventing and controlling
Disease control: main prevention and treatment banded sclerotial blight and rice blast；
Pest control: main prevention and treatment red line worm, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller.
Preferably, soil salt content can be made by way of washing salinity by irrigation for moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰~4.5 ‰)
It is reduced to 3 ‰ or less.
The selection of the rice paddy seed: the seed rice of germination percentage and germinating energy 90% or more is selected；Then it is basked seeds, muddy water
Floating method seed selection.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) it is broadcast live compared to nonirrigated farmland, paddy machinery water direct seeding cultural method of the present invention is low to saline and alkaline requirement, requires before sowing
Soil salt content should can make soil by way of washing salinity by irrigation for moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰~4.5 ‰) below 3 ‰
Earth salt content is reduced to 3 ‰ hereinafter, can effectively improve moderate saline-alkali soil while carrying out rice water direct seeding, therefore the present invention
Applicability in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta area is wider.The Suitable Sowing Period of water direct seeding is longer than direct-sowing dry simultaneously, is more suitable for big face
Long-pending agricultural production；The emergence rate of water direct seeding rice and planting percent are relatively high, and risk in agricultural production is lower.
(2) present invention can reduce the risk of lodging in late growth stage of rice Shaoshi nitrogenous fertilizer.The present invention also thoroughly salvages simultaneously
The root system of reed is removed, contention of the reed to nutrient is reduced, greatly alleviates the adverse effect to rice growth.
(3) present invention sowing keeps 5-10cm water layer to before emerging, and it is constant to be not only able to maintain water layer bottom temp, prevents low
Harm of the temperature to seed rice, and can effectively prevent soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, guarantee higher emergence rate and planting percent.
(4) paddy machinery water direct seeding cultural method is applied to salt-soda soil by the present invention, and the selection from kind, site preparation, is broadcast
Kind, water management, fertilising, weeding etc. are improved, and are formd a set of saline and alkaline specifically for Huanghe delta mild or moderate
The corresponding cultivation techniques of ground paddy machinery water direct seeding cultivation, so that the peasant planting rice to this area provides technical support.It should
Method be particularly suitable in, slight alkaline land, effectively the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching can press alkali, also have time saving, saving of labor, cost-saving synergistic etc. many excellent
Point, moreover, being of great significance for the soil improvement in salt-soda soil, raising agricultural production efficiency, increase cereal crops yield.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. variety selection
Select breeding time be suitable for, strong, resistant to lodging, saline-alkali tolerant the kind of germinating energy.This example varieties of plant: holy rice 19.
2. site preparation
It ploughed before winter, spring rotary tillage 1-2 times again carries out water leveling after pouring water.The big plot of area will be by building ridge, will
The biggish plot of height difference separates, the wide 50-60cm of ridge, after being divided by ridge, it is desirable that prepartion of land, same plot height
Difference is no more than 3cm, to guarantee the unified water management in field.
3. sowing
3.1 vernalization
3.11 carry out germination percentage and germinating energy measurement to seed rice first, select the rice of germination percentage and germinating energy 90% or more
Kind.
Bask seeds 1-2d first before 3.12 sowings, removes the sundries such as delimbing stalk dead leaf.
3.13 bask seeds after choose seeds.It is chosen seeds using muddy water floating method, pulls the blighted grain of floating out, washed in a pan after seed selection with clear water
It washes, removes the mud outside rice husk.
Presoaking and germinating is carried out to seed rice after 3.14 seed selections, until seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3.2 sowing times: in May, stablizing when temperature on average at 12 DEG C or more is suitable for sowing.Late variety can be suitably early
It broadcasts, early-maturing variety can be broadcast in appropriate evening.When sowing require soil salt content should below 3 ‰ (slight alkaline land is directly sowed, for
Moderate saline-alkali soil (3 ‰~4.5 ‰) can make soil salt content be reduced to 3 ‰ or less by way of washing salinity by irrigation).Sowing
When field establish 5-10cm water layer, if sowing when temperature it is lower, can suitably increase field water depth.Using mechanical seed broadcaster into
Row broadcasts sowing, and application rate is 12-13kg/ mus, and amplitude of broadcasting sowing is 12 meters.Machinery is adjusted before machinery broadcasts sowing using broadcasting sowing,
By machinery adjustment to the required amount of broadcasting and sown scope.
4. water management
After planting 5-10cm water layer is kept to before emerging；It is drained immediately after emergence, until holding ground moistening is before 3 leaf phases
Can, it is penetrating to be not only conducive to soil, but also take root conducive to rice, while preventing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil again；Before tri-leaf period to boot stage, interval is taken
Douche, alternation of wetting and drying；Boot stage and blooming stage, field keep shoaling layer；Pustulation period takes interval douche, alternation of wetting and drying；
Harvest the last week cuts off the water.
5. fertilising
Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta nitrogen starved plot lacks phosphorus, lacks organic matter, therefore while applying fertilizer should reinforce nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, organic
The investment of matter.
Base fertilizer: mu applies decomposed organic fertilizer 1300-1500kg；Mu applies 20kg Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；
Top dressing: tri-leaf period apply 7.5kg/ mus of urea, 10 days after apply 15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage should take the circumstances into consideration Shaoshi fertilizer (per acre
Urea amount of application is controlled in 8-10kg).
6. weeding
Reed processing before sowing: upper reed with clearing when spring nonirrigated farmland uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil is salvaged clear after pouring water
Except the root system of reed, in order to avoid establishing reed continued growth after water layer, rice seedling is influenced；
Cauline leaf process: after rice tri-leaf period, using penoxsuam (2.5% penoxsuam oil-suspending agent) 40-80ml,
It is watered 30-40 kilograms of even spraying, the weeds such as prevention and treatment barnyard grass, annual sedge weed per acre.
7. insect pest preventing and controlling
7.1 disease control
Rice blast: Control stage is cut phase and heading stage, and pesticide control is 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 75-100
Gram, it is watered 30-40 kilograms of even spraying per acre.
Banded sclerotial blight: Control stage is late tillering state and boot stage, and pesticide control is 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200-250ml,
It is watered 30-40 kilograms of even spraying per acre.
7.2 pest control
Red line worm: Control stage is mid or late May, and pesticide control is chlopyrifos, 40% chlorpyrifos ec 80-100ml, often
Mu is watered 30-40 kilograms of even spraying.
Striped rice borer: pesticide control is to be converted per acre using 8-10 grams of granule of 40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam moisture
30-40 kilograms of even spraying of water.
Rice leaf roller: pesticide control is 20% Rynaxypyr suspending agent 5-10ml, is watered 30-40 kilograms per acre
It is even spraying.
It was tested in 2015 in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta using the cultivation technique.Rice average index such as 1 institute of table
Show.
Table 1 uses the rice index of this method
As can be seen from Table 1: cultural method application rate of the invention is big, and number of productive ear is higher with yield.Prove the present invention
Method be a kind of plantation of suitable Huanghe delta mild or moderate salt-soda soil practicable method.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method, characterized in that
(1) variety selection
Select strong, resistant to lodging, saline-alkali tolerant the kind of germinating energy；
(2) site preparation
It ploughed before winter, spring rotary tillage 1-2 times again carries out water leveling after pouring water, same plot difference of height is no more than 3cm；
(3) it sows
Before sowing, first by seed rice presoaking and germinating to showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；It is sowed when temperature on average in May is stablized at 12 DEG C or more；It is required that soil
Earth salt content should be below 3 ‰；5-10cm water layer is established in field when sowing；It is broadcasted sowing using mechanical seed broadcaster, application rate is
12-13kg/ mus, amplitude of broadcasting sowing is 11-13 meters；
(4) water management
After planting 5-10cm water layer is kept to before emerging；It is drained immediately after emergence, until keeping ground moistening before tri-leaf period；Tri-leaf period
To boot stage, interval douche, alternation of wetting and drying are taken；Boot stage and blooming stage, field keep shoaling layer；Between pustulation period takes
It has a rest douche, alternation of wetting and drying；Harvest the last week cuts off the water；
(5) it applies fertilizer
Base fertilizer: mu applies decomposed organic fertilizer 1300-1500kg, and mu applies Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18-22kg；
Top dressing: tri-leaf period apply 7-8kg/ mus of urea, 10 days after apply 12-18kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage applies fertilizer 6-10kg；
(6) weeding
A. reed processing before sowing: upper reed with clearing when spring nonirrigated farmland uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage soil, Salvage and Wreck Removal after pouring water
The root system of reed；
B. after rice tri-leaf period, penoxsuam controlling weeds cauline leaf process: are used；
(7) insect pest preventing and controlling
Disease control: main prevention and treatment banded sclerotial blight and rice blast；
Pest control: main prevention and treatment red line worm, striped rice borer, rice leaf roller.
2. a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, for moderate saline-alkali soil by way of washing salinity by irrigation, soil salt content is made to be reduced to 3 ‰ or less.
3. a kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, institute
State the selection of rice paddy seed are as follows: select the seed rice of germination percentage and germinating energy 90% or more；Then it is basked seeds, the choosing of muddy water floating method
Kind.
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| CN109220651A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-18 | 长江大学 | A kind of cultural method that Direct-seeding Rice is resistant to lodging |
| CN110122229A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 | A kind of direct sowing of rice field planting method suitable for strand shallow lake slurry type aleuritic texture salt-soda soil |
| CN112314371A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-05 | 湄潭县宫廷香米业有限责任公司 | Green prevention and control method for rice planting diseases and insect pests |
| CN113854074B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-03-17 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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