SU974950A1 - Rice cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of growing rice comprises ploughing, harrowing and levelling the soil after autumn tilling; applying a pre-plant herbicide; dressing the seed with fungicide and growth promoter; sowing the seed; adjusting the water level according to the growth of the rice plants; protecting the crop against weeds, pests and diseases by "agrotechnical" and chemical treatment; gradually draining the field as the rice grain begins to mature; and harvesting the rice. The improvement comprises (a) subsoiling the field transverse to the previous ploughing direction prior to harrowing; (b) levelling the field and excavating a system of pipeless drains before applying the pre-plant herbicide; (c) applying most (80-85%) of the total N fertiliser and all of the P fertiliser at the same time as sowing; (d) pumping water into the field at a rate of 30-50 l/ha.sec. when the seedlings have emerged; (e) applying the rest (15-20%) of the N fertiliser at the 2- to 3-leaf stage; (f) applying all of the K fertiliser at the 6- to 8-leaf stage; (g) spraying the plants at the start of the waxy grain stage with 150-200 l/ha. of an N or P feed contg. 15-20 ml/ha of a 2,4-D amine salt; and (h) cutting swaths around and across the field after draining and before harvesting. The process is stated to increase yields by a factor of 2-3, to reduce water consumption by 5-10% and to reduce the delay in sowing by 5 days. Exemplified yields are 6.0 and 6.2 t/ha.

Description

one

This invention relates to a rice cultivation tehnolop and can be used in the cultivation of other crops of irrigated agriculture.

Modern technology of rice cultivation, due to the great plasticity of this crop and a considerable variety of rice areas, both in the world and in domestic rice cultivation includes a wide arsenal of technological operations and techniques, as well as a diverse type of agricultural machinery used.

In world rice cultivation, the two most common types of rice cultivation and harvesting technology — t5 Asian f and European technology — are most prevalent.

The first of these technologies became widespread in the countries of Southeast Asia, Japan, Latin America, the second - Hungary, the USSR, Italy, France, the United States and others. F1.20

The famous Asian rice cultivation technology includes the treatment of soil filled with water rice checks before planting seedlings; fertilization, gerbish1Dov and fuygtsidov

in the treated soil; rice seedlings; transplanting seedlings into the cultivated and fertilized soil of rice checks; regulation of the water layer on the checks; the treatment of crops with chemical means of controlling weed vegetation with pests and diseases, which includes 10–12 times the treatment of rice crops with pesticides, including 2-3 times with herbicides and 4–6 times with insecticides during the vegetation period; gradual discharge of water from checks in the vegetation phase of rice plants of milky-wax ripeness, removal of checks in the vegetation phase of rice wax ripeness.

The features of this rice cultivation technology are the use of rice seedlings; the possibility of successive raising of several rice rice on the same checks due to favorable climatic conditions; the presence of a large number of various devices and manual means of small-scale mechanization.

The disadvantages of the described technology are the high costs of human time; 397 unacceptability of the seedling method of rice cultivation in the northern zones of the rice plant, or because of the high material and technical costs; non-compliance with the basic requirements of environmental protection due to the complexity of ensuring the control of the accumulation and behavior of these funds, the control of weeds, pests and diseases. There is also a known method of cultivating rice, which has become widespread in European countries and USA 2. I This technology includes preparing rice soils for drying, i.e. without water, pre-sowing with mineral fertilizers and herbicides, sowing rice seeds previously treated with substances stimulating them to germinate (the original a1D bay of checks with a constant layer of water; decrease of the water layer after emergence of shoots;; introduction of part of mineral fertilizers and means of chemical control of weeds, pests and diseases; watering the phases of rice growing season; applying the rest of mineral fertilizers and chemical agents to combat weeds, pests and diseases; gradual discharge of water during the beginning of grain ripening; draining checks; autumn tillage. The main features of the described rice cultivation technology are pre-sowing checks on dry land, sowing rice with seeds, and is suitable for use in such countries in the northern zone of rice; the possibility of wide use of modern high-performance agricultural machines and units; significant reduction in human labor costs. The disadvantages of this technology of rice cultivation are the complexity of carrying out a complex of technological operations at optimal (in terms of rice growing season) periods due to poor climatic conditions, the need for the widest possible use of rice varieties that have a short (up to 110-120 days) vegetation period. ; relatively high material and technical costs for the construction of irrigation engineering systems. The aim of the invention is to increase the volume of production and improve the quality of grain. The goal is comprehended by the fact that prior to plowing checks the preliminary check microrelief is done on the stubble, and in the vegetation phase of the plants the end of the milk one - the beginning of the wax sequence is followed by an additional processing of the sowing with a mineral solution, i.oppl | with the addition of microdoses, for example, 15-20 g, 2.4 D amine salt with a solution rate of 50-200 l / ha. C r i me R 1. Cultivation of rice is carried out using the proposed method on an engineering irrigation system of 500 hectares. Cultivate rice variety Horizon. The variety belongs to the early maturing group with a vegetation period of 109-116 days, the plant height is 90 to 103 cm. The variety is relatively resistant to lodging, moderately resistant to diseases and resistant to shattering. It tolerates a relatively low temperature during the period of germination. Tsochva meadow bog. P b, released from wintering, is subjected to chiselevaniya to a depth of 16-18 cm in the direction transverse to plowing. After 5–6 days, the soil was re-chopped to a depth of 12–14 cm in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the previous treatment, to a depth of 12–14 cm. After achieving physical ripeness, soil was plowed to a depth of 12–14 cm and the surface was loosened to a depth of 8-10 cm. After drying, the streams lay out the irregularities of the relief of the checks with the help of planners so that the deviation from the median plane does not exceed +5.0 cm. Then, the peripheral grooves are cut to a depth of 0.3-1.2 see their mandrel bun A non-tubular drainage to a depth of 0.4–5.0 m. After this, secondary soil loosening to a depth of 6–8 cm is performed. Soil herbicide lan (ordr) in an amount of 5.0 kg is applied to the leveled and compacted soil surface with ground equipment. / ha d. b., with embedment into the lochvu to a depth of 0-5 cm. After 2-1 days of production, sowing of seeds at a seed consumption rate of 200-210 kg / ha together with local nitrogen addition, in the amount of 80-85 weight % and phosphate (full dose) fertilizers, and the seeds, before sowing, are sorted into biologically valuable fractions, were guides 80-90% of the cleansed and prosuschennogo grains which have been previously etched. Sowing is done in optimal agrotechnical terms (in the conditions of the North Caucasus April 20-30). After sowing, cutting of intracellular grooves is carried out. Allowance of seedlings 5 is ensured both by accumulated soil moisture and by short-term (wetting) irrigation. After sprouting, the soil is kept in a wet state up to the growth of rice in 2-3 leaves by supporting groundwater with temporary sprinklers and a smaller part (15-20 wt.%) Of nitrogen fertilizers is applied. From this phase of the growing season of rice plants on checks, a constant 59 layer of water of 5-7 cm is formed by flooding by sectioning sprinklers, with a hydronic module of 30-50 m / s per 1 ha. However, with further cultivation of rice in the corners of checks, pests, such as a coastal fly, are destroyed by spraying these clusters with a 0.2% chlorophos solution with a flow rate of 450-500 l / ha. Marsh weeds are destroyed by aircraft chemical treatment, for example, with sodium salt 2M-4X at a dose of 1.5 kg / ha D.v. at the age of plants 7-8 leaves. At the same age, a full dose of potash fertilizers is applied. At the age of 9-10 leaves of rice, prophylactic air treatment of crops against Ricosa rmosis by the Ricid-P preparation was carried out with a consumption rate of 1.0 kg / ha for ai, and after 9-10 days air treatment was performed with a mixture of drugs afos + fundazol in the dose of 1.0 + 1.0 kg / ha for the drug, at the rate of consumption of the solution OO l / ha Before harvesting, when 80–85% of the rice dabs are in the end of the dairy phase — the beginning of wax ripeness, air processing is carried out on crops, for example, with a superphosphate solution with the addition of a microdose, 15–20 ml of the 2.4 D amine salt, with a liquid flow rate of 150–200 l / ha. At the same time, the water supply to the checks is stopped and a gradual discharge of water at a rate of 1.0 cm / day is started, and when the groundwater level rises, a system of stepless drainage is put into operation. After the soil dries out, checks are made around the perimeter of checks and procuses of crops, as well as threshing and harvesting of straw from these areas of crops. When 85-90% of the grain in crops reaches full ripeness, harvesting begins. The yield of rice produced by the proposed technology is 6.0 t / ha and the yield of cereal is 71.5%. Example 2. Cultivated rice variety Danube. The variety belongs to the mid-season group with a growing season of 113-130 days. Plant height 100-115 cm. The variety is moderately resistant to lodging. The soil of rice fields is meadow-swamp. After harvesting and removal of straw, the surface of the checks is laid over the stubble with an undisturbed: arable layer, and then autumn soil is carried out to a depth of 22-25 cm. After hibernating, it is chiseled to a depth of 12-14 cm carried out across tillage then; 50 "superficial loosening to a depth of 10-12 cm. After the soil dries out, the microrelief of checks with i5 cm deviations is planned. 2-3 days before sowing, mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, potash) fertilizers are applied in an amount of 75-85 kg / ha, and then rice seeds are sown at a seeding rate of 240 kg / ha. Following the sowing, the narchezka of the check peripheral grooves to a depth of 0.8-1.2 m, their arbor and the cutting of intra-groove grooves are carried out. Then, the initial checking of the checks with a layer of water of 7-10 cm is performed. After the seeds are applied, the water is discarded and the soil of the check is kept in a moist state until germination. On vyshchivyas shoots of weed plants, for example, Ezhovniki, are destroyed by air-chemical treatment of crops with mixtures of herbicides of plant and Saturn with the consumption of drugs 4 kg + 3 kg ai. on 1 hectare, on 50% of the area of crops and propane - horde with the consumption of drugs 4 kg + 3 kg d. on 1 ha. Two days after the chemical treatment of the crops, a water layer of 10 cm is created, which is maintained up to the tillering plants. In areas of crops affected by a barley miner, insecticide treatment is performed - methation at a dose of 1.0 kg / ha. At the age of 4-5 leaves of rice, a layer of water is reduced to 5-6 cm, it is stopped, fed, and bascargan strawberries are destroyed at a dose of 2 kg / ha (after d., And then fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers. at the age of 6-7 leaves, a layer of water is increased to 10-12 cm and maintains it until wax ripeness. When 80–85% of the rice panicles are in the end of the milky stage — the beginning of wax ripeness, the crops are treated with a solution of superphosphate with the addition of 15–20 ml of amine salts 2,4 D, at a consumption of liquid of 150-200 l / hectare, at the same time stop flow water is drained on checks and a gradual 1.5 cm / day discharge of water from checks is carried out. Further operations of rice harvesting technology are similar to those described in Example 1. The yield of rice obtained by the proposed method is 6.2 t / ha, and the output of cereals 66%. The efficiency of using the method compared to the known method is presented in table 1. Using the proposed method of rice cultivation compared to the existing method provides a reduction in sowing time for 5 days by reducing fertilizer consumption (mineral) by increasing yields by 2.0. -3.0 ra for; reducing the risk of repopulating and bogging checks; environmental requirements. Formula of the invention. A method of rice cultivation, including tilling the soil of checks by plowing and loosening the soil, leveling the surface of the checks, pre-sowing the application of weed control chemicals and sowing the seeds with simultaneous local application of mineral fertilizers, characterized in that production and improvement of grain quality, prior to plowing checks, pre-leveling the microrelief of checks on the stubble, and in the vegetation phase of plants, the end of dairy - the beginning of wax ripeness Additional crops are treated with a solution of mineral fertilizers with the addition of a microdose, for example, 15-20 g, 2.4 D amine salt with a solution rate of 150-200 l / ha. Sources of information taken into account when examining 1.Konokhova V.P. Experience of rice cultivation in the USA., M., VNIITEISKH, 1977. 2. Aleshin E.P. Methodical instructions on the technology of cultivation of ria. M., Kolos, 1979 (PROTOTYPE).

Claims (1)

Claim A method of rice cultivation, including treating the soil of the checks by plowing and loosening the chicks, planning the surface of the checks, pre-sowing the application of chemical means for controlling weeds and sowing seeds with the local local application of mineral fertilizers, characterized in that, in order to increase production and increase grain quality, before plowing checks, the microrelief of checks is pre-aligned on the stubble, and in the phase of plant vegetation, “the end of the milk beginning of wax ripeness” is carried out wearable treatment of crops with a solution of mineral fertilizers with the addition of microdoses, for example 15–20 g, of the amine salt of 2.4 D with a flow rate of 150–200 l / ha.