CN107409521A - A kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland - Google Patents
A kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN107409521A CN107409521A CN201710337096.4A CN201710337096A CN107409521A CN 107409521 A CN107409521 A CN 107409521A CN 201710337096 A CN201710337096 A CN 201710337096A CN 107409521 A CN107409521 A CN 107409521A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland, belong to technical field of land improvement.After the stalk of crushing and water, sodium acid carbonate are stirred by the present invention first, are extruded and carbonized, after carbide is pulverized and sieved, mixed with digested sludge, rural area soil etc., mixture is obtained, then mixture is fermented, collects fermentate, after saline-alkali grassland is ploughed again, drying, fermentate is put at cultivated bottom, again after second ploughing and irrigation water, continues to turn over and be put into fermentate, after second ploughing, repeat to administer the improvement that can once complete to saline-alkali grassland.Saline-alkali grassland after the present invention administers is less prone to the phenomenon that salinization of soil is recurred, lasting period length；It is good to the regulation effect of saline-alkali grassland, be advantageous to the growth of root system of plant, improve vegetation cover degree, have broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland, belong to technical field of land improvement.
Background technology
The salinization of soil refers to that the salinity of soil bottom or underground water rises to earth's surface with capillary, after moisture evaporation, makes
Process of the salt accumulation in topsoil.In terms of world wide, salinization of soil is one of limitation most important factor of crop yield.
Salinization of soil area alreadys exceed 1,000,000,000 hectares in worldwide, accounts for a quarter of land cultivated area.Chinese saline-alkali soil point
Cloth scope is wide, area is big, type is more, about 100,000,000 hectares of the gross area.Particularly in recent years, because soil excessive use and the whole world become
Under the double influence of change, the salinization of soil has the trend for aggravating to expand with scope, the serious limitation of some Soils In The Region salinization of soil
The development of farming and animal husbandry.The reason for causing the salinization of soil is a lot, mainly natural cause and human factor.Natural cause（Ground
Matter, landforms, the hydrology and weather etc.）It is the material base and necessary condition that the salinization of soil occurs, but human factor（Such as meadow
Open up wasteland and till the land and overgraze）The salinization of soil of soil can be aggravated, is the actual driving force that meadow salinization of soil occurs.
How rapidly salt-soda soil to be reverted to the meadow of vegetative coverage, be the weight in saline-alkali grassland modified utilization
Point.The method in existing transformation salt-soda soil has following three kinds：First, chemical method：Pass through the calcic thing such as gypsuming and ardealite
The chemical improvement agent improved soil physicochemical property such as matter, acidic materials and water-loss reducer, up to 15 years this method lasting period, hold
The effect phase is short, it is impossible to thoroughly removes saline and alkaline, there is the phenomenon of recurrence；2nd, physical method：The measure enhancing such as loosened the soil, irrigated by turning over rake
Soil drenches salt, or improves soil physico-chemical property by soil moved in improve the original mode, and this method is by the water resource of locality, drainage condition
Limitation；3rd, biological method：By planting saline alkali tolerant plant, manually establishing litter layer, applying organic manure, organic fertilizer and turn over
The modes such as green manure are pressed, increase the coverage of soil, reduce soil evaporation, improve edaphic condition, improvement cost is high.Therefore, urgently
Saline and alkaline, the administering method of efficiency time length can efficiently be removed by finding one kind.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention：It is short for the method lasting period in traditional saline and alkaline soil of improvement, it is impossible to thorough
Bottom removing is saline and alkaline, the problem of recurrence be present, there is provided a kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland, specific step of administering are：
（1）In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher and crush, collect crushed material, then by powder
Mince to be put into mixer and stir, add water into mixer until the water content of crushed material is 15~20%, then to mixer
Middle addition sodium acid carbonate, 5~10min is stirred, collect stirring mixture；
（2）Stirring mixture is put into press and extruded, collects extrudate, and extrudate is put into tubular type retort,
Protected, carbonized using nitrogen, collected carbide, carbide is put into pulverizer and crushed, and cross 100 mesh sieves, received
Collection sieving particle；
（3）Count in parts by weight, take 50~55 parts of digested sludges, 35~40 parts of sieving particles, 28~33 parts of rural area soils, 22~24
Part water, 16~21 parts of Soybean Roots, 12~15 parts of sodium humates and 9~13 parts of vinasse, are put into mixer and mix, and collect mixing
Thing；
（4）Mixture is put into fermentation vat, using the mixture in rice straw mulching fermentation vat set temperature in fermentation vat as
37~39 DEG C, keeping temperature 6~9 days, straw is then removed, collect the fermentate in fermentation vat, obtain modifying agent；
（5）Saline-alkali grassland is ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth is 30~40cm, and natural drying is pressed after 1~3 day
According to every mu of 92~99kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and second ploughing is carried out to saline-alkali grassland；
（6）After second ploughing terminates, according to 110~130 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then after 25~30 days,
Enter row again to saline-alkali grassland using mouldboard plow to plough, ploughing depth is 15~20cm, according to every mu of 40~45kg, will be improved
Agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then saline-alkali grassland is carried out smooth；
（7）3~4 months after smooth, saline-alkali grassland to be turned over using mouldboard plow, ploughed depth is 30~35cm, from
3~5h is so dried, according to every mu of 68~79kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and saline-alkali grassland is entered
1~3 month after row second ploughing, you can complete the improvement to saline-alkali grassland.
The addition of sodium acid carbonate is the 6~9% of crushed material quality.
The step（2）The pressure of middle press is 20MPa, and extrusion time is 15~20min.
The step（2）Middle carbonization process is to be warming up to 135~150 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, is incubated 1~2h, then with 8 DEG C/
Min is warming up to 400~430 DEG C, is incubated 2~4h, and 210~230 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/min, is incubated 30~35min, then certainly
So it is cooled to room temperature, you can complete charing.
The step（4）Middle straw cladding thickness is 30~40cm.
Compared with other method, advantageous effects are the present invention：
（1）The present invention reduces the cellulose and lignin inside stalk, increases stalk by processing of the sodium acid carbonate to stalk
Space structure and specific surface area, to increase the absorption property of charing particle, utilize strain fermentation inside digested sludge, it would be beneficial to
Strain and enzyme are carried in charing particle, to carry out edaphon improvement to saline-alkali soil, reduce alkalescence, have additional nutrients thing
Matter, improve the physicochemical property of soil, while nitrogen is fixed using the rhizobium on Soybean Root, increase fertilizer in soil
Effect, is advantageous to the growth of root system of plant, and then fundamentally administered saline-alkali grassland；
（2）Saline-alkali grassland after the present invention administers is less prone to the phenomenon that salinization of soil is recurred, lasting period length；
（3）Saline-alkali grassland after present invention improvement is advantageous to the growth of root system of plant, improves vegetation cover degree, has wide
Application prospect.
Embodiment
The preparation of modifying agent：In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher, with
3600r/min is crushed, and collects crushed material, then crushed material is put into mixer, is stirred with 150r/min, to stirring
Water is added in machine until the water content of crushed material is 15~20%, then the carbonic acid of crushed material quality 6~9% is added into mixer
Hydrogen sodium, 5~10min is stirred, the material in mixer is put into press, 15~20min is extruded with 20MPa, collects extrudate,
And extrudate is put into tubular type retort, protected using nitrogen, be warming up to 135~150 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, be incubated 1~2h,
400~430 DEG C are warming up to 8 DEG C/min, is incubated 2~4h, then are cooled to 210~230 DEG C with 3 DEG C/min, insulation 30~
35min, room temperature is then naturally cooled to, collects carbide, carbide is put into pulverizer and crushed, and cross 100 mesh sieves,
Collect sieving particle；Count in parts by weight, take 50~55 parts of digested sludges, 35~40 parts sieving particles, 28~33 parts of rural area soils,
22~24 parts of water, 16~21 parts of Soybean Roots, 12~15 parts of sodium humates and 9~13 parts of vinasse, are put into mixer, with 200r/
Min mixes 20~25min, collects mixture；Mixture is put into fermentation vat, uses the mixing in rice straw mulching fermentation vat
Thing, cladding thickness are 30~40cm, set the temperature in fermentation vat as 37~39 DEG C, keeping temperature 6~9 days, then remove rice
Grass, collect the fermentate in fermentation vat, you can obtain modifying agent.
The improvement of saline-alkali grassland：Saline-alkali grassland to be ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth is 30~40cm, from
After so drying 1~3 day, according to every mu of 92~99kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, reuses mouldboard plow to saline-alkali grassland
Carry out second ploughing；After second ploughing terminates, according to 110~130 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then at 25~30 days
Afterwards, enter row again to saline-alkali grassland using mouldboard plow to plough, ploughing depth is 15~20cm, will according to every mu of 40~45kg
Modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then saline-alkali grassland is carried out smooth；3~4 months after smooth, using mouldboard plow to salinization of soil
Meadow is turned over, and ploughed depth is 30~35cm, 3~5h of natural drying, and according to every mu of 68~79kg, modifying agent is uniformly put
Enter cultivated bottom, reuse mouldboard plow and saline-alkali grassland is carried out after second ploughing 1~3 month, you can.
Example 1
The preparation of modifying agent：In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher, with 3600r/min
Crushed, collect crushed material, then crushed material is put into mixer, be stirred with 150r/min, added into mixer
Water is 20% up to the water content of crushed material, then the sodium acid carbonate of crushed material quality 9% is added into mixer, stirs 10min,
Material in mixer is put into press, 20min is extruded with 20MPa, collects extrudate, and extrudate is put into tubular type charing
In stove, protected using nitrogen, be warming up to 150 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, be incubated 2h, 430 DEG C are warming up to 8 DEG C/min, be incubated 4h, then
230 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/min, is incubated 35min, then naturally cools to room temperature, carbide is collected, carbide is put into crushing
Crushed in machine, and cross 100 mesh sieves, collect sieving particle；Count in parts by weight, take 55 parts of digested sludges, 40 parts of sievings
Grain, 33 parts of rural area soils, 24 parts of water, 21 parts of Soybean Roots, 15 parts of sodium humates and 13 parts of vinasse, are put into mixer, with 200r/min
25min is mixed, collects mixture；Mixture is put into fermentation vat, it is thick using the mixture in rice straw mulching fermentation vat, covering
Spend for 40cm, set the temperature in fermentation vat as 39 DEG C, keeping temperature 9 days, then remove straw, collect the fermentation in fermentation vat
Thing, you can obtain modifying agent.
The improvement of saline-alkali grassland：Saline-alkali grassland is ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth 40cm, dried in the air naturally
After shining 3 days, according to every mu of 99kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and second ploughing is carried out to saline-alkali grassland；
After second ploughing terminates, according to 130 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then after 30 days, using mouldboard plow to salinization of soil
Meadow is entered row again and ploughed, and ploughing depth 20cm, according to every mu of 45kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then to salinization of soil
Meadow carries out smooth；4 months after smooth, saline-alkali grassland is turned over using mouldboard plow, ploughed depth 35cm, it is natural
5h is dried, according to every mu of 79kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and saline-alkali grassland is carried out 3 after second ploughing
Individual month, you can.
Method in example 1 is used for the Salination control in West in Jilin Province somewhere, the West in Jilin Province somewhere before improvement
The coverage of vegetation is 20%, and the pH value of soil is 8.9, salt content 2.1%, after using this method, planting forage grass 12 months
Afterwards, the coverage of herbage reaches 98%, soil pH 7.1, and salt content is 0.09% in soil.
Example 2
The preparation of modifying agent：In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher, with 3600r/min
Crushed, collect crushed material, then crushed material is put into mixer, be stirred with 150r/min, added into mixer
Water is 15% up to the water content of crushed material, then the sodium acid carbonate of crushed material quality 6% is added into mixer, stirs 5min,
Material in mixer is put into press, 15min is extruded with 20MPa, collects extrudate, and extrudate is put into tubular type charing
In stove, protected using nitrogen, be warming up to 135 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, be incubated 1h, 400 DEG C are warming up to 8 DEG C/min, be incubated 2h, then
210 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/min, is incubated 30min, then naturally cools to room temperature, carbide is collected, carbide is put into crushing
Crushed in machine, and cross 100 mesh sieves, collect sieving particle；Count in parts by weight, take 50 parts of digested sludges, 35 parts of sievings
Grain, 28 parts of rural area soils, 22 parts of water, 16 parts of Soybean Roots, 12 parts of sodium humates and 9 parts of vinasse, are put into mixer, with 200r/min
20min is mixed, collects mixture；Mixture is put into fermentation vat, it is thick using the mixture in rice straw mulching fermentation vat, covering
Spend for 30cm, set the temperature in fermentation vat as 37 DEG C, keeping temperature 6 days, then remove straw, collect the fermentation in fermentation vat
Thing, you can obtain modifying agent.
The improvement of saline-alkali grassland：Saline-alkali grassland is ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth 30cm, dried in the air naturally
After shining 1 day, according to every mu of 92kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and second ploughing is carried out to saline-alkali grassland；
After second ploughing terminates, according to 110 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then after 25 days, using mouldboard plow to salinization of soil
Meadow is entered row again and ploughed, and ploughing depth 15cm, according to every mu of 40kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then to salinization of soil
Meadow carries out smooth；3 months after smooth, saline-alkali grassland is turned over using mouldboard plow, ploughed depth 30cm, it is natural
3h is dried, according to every mu of 68kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and saline-alkali grassland is carried out 1 after second ploughing
Individual month, you can.
The saline-alkali grassland that method in example 2 is used for Nei Mongol Plateau is administered, the soil of Nei Mongol Plateau before improvement
The coverage of ground vegetation is 18%, and the pH value of soil is 10.8, salt content 2.5%, after using this method, plants splendid achnatherum 13
After individual month, the coverage of splendid achnatherum reaches 97%, soil pH 7.3, and salt content is 0.09% in soil.
Example 3
The preparation of modifying agent：In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher, with 3600r/min
Crushed, collect crushed material, then crushed material is put into mixer, be stirred with 150r/min, added into mixer
Water is 17% up to the water content of crushed material, then the sodium acid carbonate of crushed material quality 8% is added into mixer, stirring 5~
10min, the material in mixer is put into press, 16min is extruded with 20MPa, collects extrudate, and extrudate is put into pipe
In formula retort, protected using nitrogen, be warming up to 140 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, be incubated 1h, be warming up to 420 DEG C with 8 DEG C/min, insulation
3h, then 220 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/min, 33min is incubated, then naturally cools to room temperature, carbide is collected, carbide is put
Enter in pulverizer and crushed, and cross 100 mesh sieves, collect sieving particle；Count in parts by weight, take 52 parts of digested sludges, 37 parts
Sieve particle, 30 parts of rural area soils, 23 parts of water, 20 parts of Soybean Roots, 13 parts of sodium humates and 10 parts of vinasse, is put into mixer, with
200r/min mixing 22min, collect mixture；Mixture is put into fermentation vat, uses the mixing in rice straw mulching fermentation vat
Thing, cladding thickness 35cm, the temperature in fermentation vat is set as 38 DEG C, keeping temperature 7 days, then remove straw, collect fermentation
Fermentate in pond, you can obtain modifying agent.
The improvement of saline-alkali grassland：Saline-alkali grassland is ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth 35cm, dried in the air naturally
After shining 2 days, according to every mu of 94kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and second ploughing is carried out to saline-alkali grassland；
After second ploughing terminates, according to 120 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then after 27 days, using mouldboard plow to salinization of soil
Meadow is entered row again and ploughed, and ploughing depth 17cm, according to every mu of 44kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then to salinization of soil
Meadow carries out smooth；3 months after smooth, saline-alkali grassland is turned over using mouldboard plow, ploughed depth 32cm, it is natural
4h is dried, according to every mu of 75kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and saline-alkali grassland is carried out 2 after second ploughing
Individual month, you can.
Method in example 3 is used for song-Nen plain saline-alkaline grassland and father, the vegetation of Grassland in Songnen Plain before improvement
Coverage is 23%, and the pH value of soil is 9.1, salt content 3.5%, and after using this method, plantation alkali grass is after 15 months, alkali grass
Coverage reach 99%, soil pH 7.5, salt content is 0.12% in soil.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of administering method of saline-alkali grassland, it is characterised in that specifically administering step is：
（1）In mass ratio 1:2, take wheat stalk and rice straw to be put into stalk crasher and crush, collect crushed material, then by powder
Mince to be put into mixer and stir, add water into mixer until the water content of crushed material is 15~20%, then to mixer
Middle addition sodium acid carbonate, 5~10min is stirred, collect stirring mixture；
（2）Stirring mixture is put into press and extruded, collects extrudate, and extrudate is put into tubular type retort,
Protected, carbonized using nitrogen, collected carbide, carbide is put into pulverizer and crushed, and cross 100 mesh sieves, received
Collection sieving particle；
（3）Count in parts by weight, take 50~55 parts of digested sludges, 35~40 parts of sieving particles, 28~33 parts of rural area soils, 22~24
Part water, 16~21 parts of Soybean Roots, 12~15 parts of sodium humates and 9~13 parts of vinasse, are put into mixer and mix, and collect mixing
Thing；
（4）Mixture is put into fermentation vat, using the mixture in rice straw mulching fermentation vat set temperature in fermentation vat as
37~39 DEG C, keeping temperature 6~9 days, straw is then removed, collect the fermentate in fermentation vat, obtain modifying agent；
（5）Saline-alkali grassland is ploughed using mouldboard plow, ploughing depth is 30~40cm, and natural drying is pressed after 1~3 day
According to every mu of 92~99kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and second ploughing is carried out to saline-alkali grassland；
（6）After second ploughing terminates, according to 110~130 cubic metres every mu, to saline-alkali grassland irrigation water, then after 25~30 days,
Enter row again to saline-alkali grassland using mouldboard plow to plough, ploughing depth is 15~20cm, according to every mu of 40~45kg, will be improved
Agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, then saline-alkali grassland is carried out smooth；
（7）3~4 months after smooth, saline-alkali grassland to be turned over using mouldboard plow, ploughed depth is 30~35cm, from
3~5h is so dried, according to every mu of 68~79kg, modifying agent is uniformly put into cultivated bottom, mouldboard plow is reused and saline-alkali grassland is entered
1~3 month after row second ploughing, you can complete the improvement to saline-alkali grassland.
A kind of 2. administering method of saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）Carbonic acid
The addition of hydrogen sodium is the 6~9% of crushed material quality.
A kind of 3. administering method of saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）Middle pressure
The pressure of machine is 20MPa, and extrusion time is 15~20min.
A kind of 4. administering method of saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（2）Middle charcoal
Change process is to be warming up to 135~150 DEG C with 6 DEG C/min, is incubated 1~2h, then is warming up to 400~430 DEG C with 8 DEG C/min, insulation 2
~4h, 210~230 DEG C are cooled to 3 DEG C/min, 30~35min is incubated, then naturally cools to room temperature, you can completes charing.
A kind of 5. administering method of saline-alkali grassland according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（4）Semilate rice
Careless cladding thickness is 30~40cm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108521923A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-14 | 江苏新亿源环保科技有限公司 | A method of administering the salinization of soil |
| CN115643847A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-31 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for repairing medium and light salinized grassland |
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