CN103650855B

CN103650855B - A kind of artificial cultivation method of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae

Info

Publication number: CN103650855B
Application number: CN201310640646.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 倪卫红
Original assignee: 倪卫红
Priority date: 2013-12-04
Filing date: 2013-12-04
Publication date: 2016-07-06
Also published as: CN103650855A

Abstract

The invention discloses the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, it include selection of land, whole, choose seeds, soak seed, begin sowing in good time, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, gather, the step such as process.The present invention uses self-control plant ash soak seed soaking, can be that Rhizoma Pinelliae tuber provides a good growing environment, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, improve survival rate.Soil conditioner has been executed during the present invention whole ground basal dressing, it can not only improve soil, break soil compaction, chesson, increase soil with organic matter, promote soil microbial activities, moreover it is possible to decompose plant and animal residues and minor metallic element in soil, thus it is converted into the nutrient of plant, play the effect of fertilizer, strengthen the resistance against diseases of the Rhizoma Pinelliae, promote Rhizoma Pinelliae fast-growth.The inventive method is simple, management simplicity, it is easy to the operation of plantation family is implemented, and is suitable for extensive cultivation, and yield is high, and quality better fully meets the demand in market.

Description

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae

Technical field

The present invention relates to the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, belong to Chinese medicine cultivation technical field.

Background technology

The dry tuber of the Pinellia Tenore Araeceae herbaceos perennial Rhizoma Pinelliae, for parts of generic medicinal plants, have drying dampness to eliminate phlegm, Stopping nausea and vomiting by lowering the adverse flow of QI, the function of dissolving lump and resolving mass, cure mainly abundant expectoration cough, vomiting regurgitation, breast gastral cavity mass at the hypochondrium Chinese mugwort disease.The Rhizoma Pinelliae was used as medicine away from the present 2000 History for many years, in recent years, along with market is more and more higher to the demand of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, causes Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae excessively to be excavated, for Ensure the market demand and the sustainable use of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, be therefore badly in need of studying the artificial large-scale planting of a kind of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae Method, but the artificial culture history of the Rhizoma Pinelliae is the shortest, and planting technology is immature, causes Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae survival rate low, poor quality, produces Measure low, it is impossible to meet the market demand.

Summary of the invention

Present invention aims to prior art not enough, it is provided that a kind of survival rate height, quality better, yield are high and simple The artificial cultivation method of easy-operating Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

The artificial cultivation method of a kind of Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, comprises the following steps:

(1) selection of land, whole

Select quality loose, moistening fertile, water conservation keeping fertility is relatively strong, irrigation and drainage are good, in neutrality to slightly acidic chiltern earth Soil plantation, front stubble preferably selects legume to be advisable, and turns over plough winter, and deep 20-30 centimetre, removing stone, weeds make its ripening, sowing Before plough again once, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 40-50 kilogram and soil conditioner 20-30 Kilogram, plough under and soil is made base manure, whole carefully rake, make the high furrow that 1.5-1.8 rice is wide, furrow width 20-30 centimetre；

(2) choose seeds, soak seed

Selection quality is solid, and bud head is plentiful, epidermis without going mouldy, plant without the Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae tuber of disease damage, with self-control vegetation Ash picks up airing after soaking immersion kind 2-3 hour and waits to broadcast；

(3) begin sowing in good time

Sow after in early spring, early March soil thaws.Seeding method: drilling of ditching in moisture in the soil face, line-spacing 10-15 li Rice, ditch depth 5-7 centimetre, macrospecies stem every ditch program request 2 row, spacing in the rows 4-6 centimetre；Microspecies stem uniform broadcasting in ditch, blinding 3-5 li Rice, sowing quantity 60-100 kg/acre；

(4) field management

1. weeding: emerging 10-15 days, mu 200-300 times of liquid spraying of 50% butachlor, control grass bud and sprout；

2. ridging: in late May, ripe bulbil lands successively, will earth up in time, promote new plant strain growth, from Taking fine earth in dead furrow and be uniformly spread on moisture in the soil face, thick 1.2-1.5 centimetre, ridging can divide 3 times and carries out, and i.e. respectively earths up one in May, June, July Secondary；

3. fertilising: trophophase topdresses 4 times: after the neatest Seedling, mu executes 15-20 kilogram of carbamide；The tuberization phase for the second time, Mu executes 20-30 kilogram of carbamide；Third time is after old plant falls Seedling, and sub-pinellia syrup goes out sprouting, sprinkles with clear liquid dung and waters, waters after first quarter moon again Once；4th is inferior to Miao Qishi, and mu executes farm manure 100-150 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 20-30 kilogram and 10-15 kilogram of carbamide, mixed Mix and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；

4. intertillage is loosened the soil: Rhizoma Pinelliae plant is short and small, soil moisture conservation of often loosening the soil during growing, and intertillage simultaneously can also abolish soil Earth hardens, and the breathability increasing soil is very strong to the growth of the Rhizoma Pinelliae, and the intertillage degree of depth does not exceeds 5cm, it is to avoid hinder root；

5. flower bud is plucked: for promoting tuber growth, reduce nutrient substance consumption, when plant bolting, be by stages and in groups growing Petal extract；

(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The pest and disease damage of the artificial culture Rhizoma Pinelliae is so that An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure；Disease mainly has stem rot and leaf spot；Insect pest Mainly having red hawkmoth and red spider, prevention and controls is as follows:

Leaf spot: their early stage spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture, or 500-600 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 50% carbendazim 800-100 times of liquid, sprays 1 time, even spray 2-3 time for 7-10 days；

Stem rot: their early stage, drenches cave with 5% lime water at cave after pulling out diseased plant, prevents something from spreading；

Red hawkmoth: insect juvenile stage sprays 800-1000 times of liquid of 90% metrifonate, or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, Within 5-7 days, spray 1 time, even spray 2-3 time；

Red spider: can spray with 20% dicofol 800-1000 times during generation；

(6) gather, process

Selecting fine day to excavate after Rhizoma Pinelliae maturation, the Rhizoma Pinelliae after excavating stacks 4-5 after sprinkling Calx or plant ash mix It allows its diaphoresis, and street Rhizoma Pinelliae crust is slightly rotten when easily rubbing with the hands, and loads in large bamboo or wicker basket, is placed in flowing water, removes crust, dry i.e. after cleaning Can.

The preparation method of described self-control plant ash soak is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2-3, castor Folium Cannabis 1-2, Herba Agrimoniae 2-3, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti 3-5, Radix Stemonae 2-3, Folium Juglandis 2-4, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri) 1.5-2.5, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 4-6, Fructus Cnidii 0.5-1.5, Cortex Pseudolaricis 1-3, Radix Aleuritis Fordii 2-4, plant ash 20-30, alum powder 3-5, camellia oleosa seed powder 4-8, Borax 2-3；B, take Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Folium Ricini, Herba Agrimoniae, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti, the Radix Stemonae, Folium Juglandis, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri), Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Fructus Cnidii, Cortex Pseudolaricis and Radix Aleuritis Fordii mix homogeneously, add 4-8 times amount water, boiling with soft fire 1-2h in turning after boiling with big fire, filters, addition plant ash in filtrate, boiling with soft fire 20-30min, so After add alum powder, camellia oleosa seed powder and Borax while hot, stir, be cooled to room temperature and get final product.

The preparation method of described soil conditioner is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: fertile soil 20-30, jade powder 10-15, ground phosphate rock 8-12, flyash 5-10, wormcast 10-15, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 4-8, sawdust 3-6, Chinese medicine slag 2-5, biogas slurry 7-14, Wood vinegar 5-10, dolomite 5-10, bentonite 10-15, zeolite 8-12, Maifanitum 4-8, plant ash 15-20, chitosan 30-40, Hydroxyethyl cellulose 5-10；B, by fertile soil, jade powder, ground phosphate rock, flyash, wormcast, Glycine max (L.) Merr., sawdust, Chinese medicine slag, natural pond Liquid, wood vinegar mix homogeneously, add 150-200 times of EM probiotic bacteria diluent by the 2-4% of mixing doses, stir, Compost fermentation 10-15 days, fermentation temperature controls at 50-60 DEG C, and fermentation material once, is dried after having fermented by turning in every 2-3 days It is 4-8% to water content, pulverizes, cross 80-120 mesh sieve, stand-by；C, by dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, Maifanitum mix homogeneously, 720-750 DEG C of calcining 2-3h, puts into immersion 1-2h in the hydrochloric acid solution that concentration is 15-20%, filters, filtering residue after being cooled to room temperature It is washed with distilled water to neutrality, dries, 1080-1140 DEG C of calcining 1-2h, it is cooled to room temperature, pulverized 100-150 mesh sieve, and treated With；D, take chitosan and add the appropriate HAc solution normal-temperature dissolution that concentration is 1%, be subsequently adding hydroxyethyl cellulose, plant ash And the powder that step (c) is prepared, stirring, dry, pulverize, the fermentation material prepared with step a after crossing 50-100 mesh sieve mixes Close uniformly, pelletize, drying soil conditioner.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The present invention uses self-control plant ash soak seed soaking, can be that Rhizoma Pinelliae tuber provides a good growing environment, Reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, improve survival rate.Having executed soil conditioner during the present invention whole ground basal dressing, it can not only conditioned soil Earth, breaks soil compaction, chesson, increases soil with organic matter, promotes soil microbial activities, moreover it is possible to decompose in soil dynamic Plant residue and minor metallic element, thus it is converted into the nutrient of plant, play the effect of fertilizer, strengthen the disease-resistant energy of the Rhizoma Pinelliae Power, promotes Rhizoma Pinelliae fast-growth.The inventive method is scientific and reasonable, simple, management simplicity, it is easy to the operation of plantation family is implemented, It is suitable for extensive cultivation, and yield is high, quality better, fully meet the demand in market.

Detailed description of the invention

(1) selection of land, whole

Select quality loose, moistening fertile, water conservation keeping fertility is relatively strong, irrigation and drainage are good, in neutrality to slightly acidic chiltern earth Soil plantation, front stubble preferably selects legume to be advisable, and turns over plough winter, and deep 20 centimetres, removing stone, weeds make its ripening, before sowing Ploughing once, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2500 kilograms, peroxophosphoric acid Ca45 kilogram and soil conditioner 20 kilograms, ploughs under in soil again Make base manure, whole carefully rake, make the high furrow of 1.6 meters wide, furrow width 25 centimetres；

(2) choose seeds, soak seed

Selection quality is solid, and bud head is plentiful, epidermis without going mouldy, plant without the Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae tuber of disease damage, with self-control vegetation Ash immersion immersion kind picks up airing after 2 hours and waits to broadcast；

(3) begin sowing in good time

Sow after in early spring, early March soil thaws.Seeding method: drilling of ditching in moisture in the soil face, line-spacing 12 centimetres, ditch Deep 6 centimetres, macrospecies stem every ditch program request 2 row, spacing in the rows 5 centimetres；Microspecies stem uniform broadcasting is in ditch, and blinding 4 centimetres, sowing quantity 80 is public Pound/acre；

(4) field management

1. weeding: emerging 10 days, mu 250 times of liquid sprayings of 50% butachlor, control grass bud and sprout；

2. ridging: in late May, ripe bulbil lands successively, will earth up in time, promote new plant strain growth, from Taking fine earth in dead furrow and be uniformly spread on moisture in the soil face, thick 1.4 centimetres, ridging can divide 3 times and carries out, i.e. May, June, July respectively earths up once；

3. fertilising: trophophase topdresses 4 times: after the neatest Seedling, mu executes 15 kilograms of carbamide；The tuberization phase for the second time, mu Execute 20 kilograms of carbamide；Third time is after old plant falls Seedling, and sub-pinellia syrup goes out sprouting, sprinkles with clear liquid dung and waters, waters once after first quarter moon again； 4th is inferior to Miao Qishi, and mu is executed farm manure 100 kilograms, calcium superphosphate 20 kilograms and 10 kilograms of carbamide, puddled and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；

(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Leaf spot: their early stage spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture, or 600 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 50% carbendazim 100 times Liquid, sprays 1 time, even spray 2 times for 10 days；

Red hawkmoth: insect juvenile stage sprays 1000 times of liquid of 90% metrifonate, or 1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, sprays 1 in 7 days Secondary, even spray 2 times；

Red spider: can spray again with 20% dicofol 1000 during generation；

(6) gather, process

Selecting fine day to excavate after Rhizoma Pinelliae maturation, the Rhizoma Pinelliae after excavating is stacked 4 days after sprinkling Calx or plant ash mix Allowing its diaphoresis, street Rhizoma Pinelliae crust is slightly rotten when easily rubbing with the hands, and loads in large bamboo or wicker basket, is placed in flowing water, removes crust, dry i.e. after cleaning Can.

The preparation method of described self-control plant ash soak is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight (kg): Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2, castor Folium Cannabis 1, Herba Agrimoniae 3, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti 4, the Radix Stemonae 2, Folium Juglandis 3, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri) 2, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 5, Fructus Cnidii 1, Cortex Pseudolaricis 2, Radix Aleuritis Fordii 4, grass Wood ash 20, alum powder 4, camellia oleosa seed powder 6, Borax 2；B, take Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Folium Ricini, Herba Agrimoniae, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti, the Radix Stemonae, Folium Juglandis, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri), Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Fructus Cnidii, Cortex Pseudolaricis and Radix Aleuritis Fordii mix homogeneously, add 6 times amount water, boiling with soft fire 1h in turning after boiling with big fire, filters, Filtrate adds plant ash, boiling with soft fire 20min, adds alum powder, camellia oleosa seed powder and Borax the most while hot, stir, cold But to room temperature and get final product.

The preparation method of described soil conditioner is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight (kg): fertile soil 25, jade powder 12, ground phosphate rock 10, flyash 8, wormcast 10, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 6, sawdust 4, Chinese medicine slag 3, biogas slurry 11, wood vinegar 8, dolomite 6, swollen Profit soil 12, zeolite 10, Maifanitum 6, plant ash 18, chitosan 35, hydroxyethyl cellulose 8；B, by fertile soil, jade powder, phosphorus ore Powder, flyash, wormcast, Glycine max (L.) Merr., sawdust, Chinese medicine slag, biogas slurry, wood vinegar mix homogeneously, by 3% addition 200 of mixing doses Times EM probiotic bacteria diluent, stirs, compost fermentation 12 days, and fermentation temperature is 55 DEG C, turning in every 3 days once, fermentation Being dried by fermentation material to water content after completing is 5%, pulverizes, and crosses 100 mesh sieves, stand-by；C, by dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, wheat Meal stone mix homogeneously, 740 DEG C of calcining 2h, put into immersion 1h in the hydrochloric acid solution that concentration is 20% after being cooled to room temperature, filter, filter Slag is washed with distilled water to neutrality, dries, 1120 DEG C of calcining 1h, is cooled to room temperature, pulverized 150 mesh sieves, stand-by；D, take shell gather Sugar adds the appropriate HAc solution normal-temperature dissolution that concentration is 1%, is subsequently adding hydroxyethyl cellulose, plant ash and step (c) The powder prepared, stirs, and dries, and pulverizes, and the fermentation material prepared with step a after crossing 100 mesh sieves is mixed homogeneously, pelletize, dries Do and i.e. obtain soil conditioner.

After using cultivation technique of the present invention, Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae per mu yield improves 30-40%, and disease rate is reduced to less than 2%, plants The Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae quality planting out is good, entirely without public hazards, can be greatly improved the income of medicinal herb grower.

Claims

1. the artificial cultivation method of a Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) selection of land, whole

Select quality loose, moistening fertile, water conservation keeping fertility is relatively strong, irrigation and drainage are good, in neutrality to slightly acidic sand loam kind Planting, front stubble selects legume, turns over plough winter, and deep 20-30 centimetre, removing stone, weeds make its ripening, plough one before sowing again Secondary, mu applies well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 40-50 kilogram and soil conditioner 20-30 kilogram, ploughs under Soil makees base manure, whole carefully rakes, make the high furrow that 1.5-1.8 rice is wide, furrow width 20-30 centimetre；

(2) choose seeds, soak seed

Selection quality is solid, and bud head is plentiful, epidermis without going mouldy, plant without the Wild Rhizoma Pinelliae tuber of disease damage, with self-control vegetation liming Pick up airing after bubble immersion kind 2-3 hour to wait to broadcast；

(3) begin sowing in good time

Sow after in early spring, early March soil thaws；

Seeding method: drilling of ditching in moisture in the soil face, line-spacing 10-15 centimetre, ditch depth 5-7 centimetre, macrospecies stem every ditch program request 2 row, spacing in the rows 4-6 centimetre；Microspecies stem uniform broadcasting in ditch, blinding 3-5 centimetre, sowing quantity 60-100 kg/acre；

(4) field management

2. ridging: in late May, ripe bulbil lands successively, will earth up in time, promote new plant strain growth, from dead furrow Inside taking fine earth and be uniformly spread on moisture in the soil face, thick 1.2-1.5 centimetre, ridging point is carried out for 3 times, i.e. May, June, July respectively earths up once；

3. fertilising: trophophase topdresses 4 times: after the neatest Seedling, mu executes 15-20 kilogram of carbamide；The tuberization phase for the second time, mu is executed 20-30 kilogram of carbamide；Third time is after old plant falls Seedling, and sub-pinellia syrup goes out sprouting, sprinkles with clear liquid dung and waters, waters one after first quarter moon again Secondary；4th is inferior to Miao Qishi, and mu is executed farm manure 100-150 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 20-30 kilogram and 10-15 kilogram of carbamide, puddled Uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields；

4. intertillage is loosened the soil: Rhizoma Pinelliae plant is short and small, soil moisture conservation of often loosening the soil during growing, and soil compaction is abolished in intertillage simultaneously, increases The breathability adding soil is very strong to the growth of the Rhizoma Pinelliae, and the intertillage degree of depth does not exceeds 5cm, it is to avoid hinder root；

5. flower bud is plucked: for promoting tuber growth, reduce nutrient substance consumption, when plant bolting, be by stages and in groups the flower grown Bud is extractd；

(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

The pest and disease damage of the artificial culture Rhizoma Pinelliae is so that An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure；Disease mainly has stem rot and leaf spot；Insect pest is main Having red hawkmoth and red spider, prevention and controls is as follows:

Leaf spot: their early stage spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture, or 500-600 times of liquid of 65% zineb, or 50% carbendazim 800- 100 times of liquid, spray 1 time, even spray 2-3 time for 7-10 days；

Red hawkmoth: insect juvenile stage sprays 800-1000 times of liquid of 90% metrifonate, or 1000-1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, 5-7 days Spray 1 time, even spray 2-3 time；

Red spider: spray with 20% dicofol 800-1000 times during generation；

(6) gather, process

Selecting fine day to excavate after Rhizoma Pinelliae maturation, the Rhizoma Pinelliae after excavating is stacked after sprinkling Calx or plant ash mix and is allowed for 4-5 days Its diaphoresis, when the slightly rotten easy stranding of Rhizoma Pinelliae crust falls, loads in large bamboo or wicker basket, is placed in flowing water, remove crust, dry after cleaning；

The preparation method of described self-control plant ash soak is as follows: a, weigh the raw material of following weight portion: Radix Sophorae Flavescentis 2-3, Folium Ricini 1-2, Herba Agrimoniae 2-3, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti 3-5, Radix Stemonae 2-3, Folium Juglandis 2-4, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri) 1.5-2.5, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 4-6, Fructus Cnidii 0.5- 1.5, Cortex Pseudolaricis 1-3, Radix Aleuritis Fordii 2-4, plant ash 20-30, alum powder 3-5, camellia oleosa seed powder 4-8, Borax 2-3；B, take Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Semen Ricini Leaf, Herba Agrimoniae, Folium Cinnamomi porrecti, the Radix Stemonae, Folium Juglandis, Rhizoma et radix veratri (Radix Rhizoma Veratri), Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Fructus Cnidii, Cortex Pseudolaricis and Radix Aleuritis Fordii mix homogeneously, add 4-8 Times amount water, boiling with soft fire 1-2h in turning after boiling with big fire, filters, adds plant ash, boiling with soft fire 20-30min, then take advantage of in filtrate Heat adds alum powder, camellia oleosa seed powder and Borax, stirs, is cooled to room temperature and get final product；

The preparation method of described soil conditioner is as follows: a, take the raw material of following weight portion: fertile soil 20-30, jade powder 10- 15, ground phosphate rock 8-12, flyash 5-10, wormcast 10-15, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 4-8, sawdust 3-6, Chinese medicine slag 2-5, biogas slurry 7-14, wood Vinegar liquid 5-10, dolomite 5-10, bentonite 10-15, zeolite 8-12, Maifanitum 4-8, plant ash 15-20, chitosan 30-40, hydroxyl Ethyl cellulose 5-10；B, by fertile soil, jade powder, ground phosphate rock, flyash, wormcast, Glycine max (L.) Merr., sawdust, Chinese medicine slag, natural pond Liquid, wood vinegar mix homogeneously, add 150-200 times of EM probiotic bacteria diluent by the 2-4% of mixing doses, stir, Compost fermentation 10-15 days, fermentation temperature controls at 50-60 DEG C, and fermentation material once, is dried after having fermented by turning in every 2-3 days It is 4-8% to water content, pulverizes, cross 80-120 mesh sieve, stand-by；C, by dolomite, bentonite, zeolite, Maifanitum mix homogeneously, 720-750 DEG C of calcining 2-3h, puts into immersion 1-2h in the hydrochloric acid solution that concentration is 15-20%, filters, filtering residue after being cooled to room temperature It is washed with distilled water to neutrality, dries, 1080-1140 DEG C of calcining 1-2h, it is cooled to room temperature, pulverized 100-150 mesh sieve, and treated With；D, take chitosan and add the appropriate acetum normal-temperature dissolution that concentration is 1%, be subsequently adding hydroxyethyl cellulose, plant ash And the powder that step c prepares, stirring, dry, pulverize, the fermentation material prepared with step b after crossing 50-100 mesh sieve mixes Uniformly, pelletize, drying soil conditioner.