CN111587754A - Cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata - Google Patents
Cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata Download PDFInfo
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- CN111587754A CN111587754A CN202010553293.1A CN202010553293A CN111587754A CN 111587754 A CN111587754 A CN 111587754A CN 202010553293 A CN202010553293 A CN 202010553293A CN 111587754 A CN111587754 A CN 111587754A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/12—Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/12—Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle
- A01C15/124—Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle with adjustable shutters or slits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/006—Distribution of liquid fertilisers by gravity flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternate, which comprises the following steps: seed treatment, soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, management after planting, pest control, harvesting and processing. The pinellia ternate cultivation method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, not only improves the survival rate of pinellia ternate planting, but also improves the soil, reduces the production cost, is beneficial to large-scale production, and can greatly improve the yield of pinellia ternate compared with the existing pinellia ternate planting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternate.
Background
Pinellia ternate belongs to perennial herb plants of pinellia genus of Araceae family, is called pinellia ternate, pinellia ternate trifoliate, pinellia ternate three steps and pinellia ternate three steps, is a common traditional Chinese medicine, is used as a medicine by tubers, contains abundant starch, beta-sitosterol, D-glucoside, black uric acid, pinellia ternate protein, tannin, alkaloid, various hydrogen-based acids, protocatechualdehyde and 18 medium and trace elements, has the effects of eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, and modern pharmacological research shows that the pinellia ternate has the effects of tranquilizing cough centers, relieving bronchospasm, reducing bronchial mucus secretion, relieving phlegm, inhibiting vomiting centers, stopping vomiting and the like, and is a clinically common traditional Chinese medicine.
Pinellia ternata has strong reproductive capacity, can resist cold and drought, is not exposed to burning sun, and is favorable to warm and humid environment to grow in sandy soil. In recent years, with the change of ecological environment and the application of herbicide in fields, resources are less and less, even resources are completely lost, and at present, pinellia ternate in the medicinal material market has short supply and demand, so that the market prospect of artificially planting pinellia ternate is wide, but the artificial planting of pinellia ternate has strict requirements on conditions, and environmental factors need to be controlled in the planting process. In the prior art, the organic matter content of the soil for planting pinellia ternata is low, the soil tends to harden day by day and is not improved, the production depends on chemical fertilizers, particularly nitrogen fertilizers and the like, the selected organic fertilizer types are not beneficial to the adjustment of the pinellia ternata suitable for the soil, tubers are seriously rotted due to improper fertilization, the yield of the pinellia ternata is influenced, and the quality and the efficacy of the pinellia ternata are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technical scheme of a cultivation method of imitating wild pinellia ternate aiming at the defects in the prior art, the cultivation method of the pinellia ternate is simple in steps, not only is the soil structure and the pH value greatly improved, but also the growth and the development of the pinellia ternate are greatly facilitated, the quality and the quality of the pinellia ternate are promoted, tuber rot caused by improper fertilization is reduced, the production cost is reduced by applying a plurality of agricultural machinery and equipment, the large-scale production is facilitated, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of the pinellia ternate can be greatly improved compared with the existing pinellia ternate cultivation technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment
a. Firstly, selecting clean and traceless pinellia tuber, removing the skin, then, soaking and washing the pinellia tuber with alcohol solution for 1-3 min, and then, washing the pinellia tuber with distilled water until no alcohol residue exists;
b. soaking the seeds in the plant ash soaking solution for 2-3 h, then taking out, spreading and drying in the air;
2) soil preparation
a. Firstly, a planting field with loose texture is selected, horizontal grooves are formed in the planting field at equal intervals, the depth of each horizontal groove is 30-35 cm, vertical grooves are formed between every two adjacent horizontal grooves at equal intervals, the depth of each vertical groove is 30-35 cm, the horizontal grooves and the vertical grooves with the depth are distributed, so that a flow distribution pipeline and a connecting pipe can be conveniently installed, pinellia ternate can be well humidified at a depth position of 5-10 cm in soil, the survival rate of the pinellia ternate is improved, and damage caused by extrusion of wheels on the flow distribution pipeline and the connecting pipe in the soil turning process is avoided;
b. then horizontally installing a water pipeline along one side of the planting field, installing shunt pipes on the side surface of the water pipeline at equal intervals, sequentially installing the shunt pipes in the horizontal groove, uniformly arranging water outlet holes on the shunt pipes, installing linking pipes between every two adjacent shunt pipes at equal intervals, arranging a water outlet hole on each linking pipe, backfilling soil into the horizontal groove and the vertical groove after the shunt pipes and the linking pipes are installed, realizing closed connection between the shunt pipes and the linking pipes, and enabling water to enter the soil through the water outlet holes so as to provide a moist environment for the growth of pinellia ternata;
c. putting organic matters and waste mussel shells into a feeding and turning vehicle, crushing and stirring the mussel shells into powder by the feeding and turning vehicle, feeding the powder into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along the planting field, applying the powder into the soil by the feeding and turning vehicle, and moving the feeding and turning vehicle along an S-shaped track in the moving process; the waste clam shells are ground into powder to improve the soil, the granular structure formation is facilitated, the fertility is enhanced, the clam shells are rich in calcium, iron, copper, zinc and other elements, amino acid and protein, the stress resistance of plants can be obviously improved after the pinellia ternata absorbs the powder, the thick and strong stems are realized, the clam shells are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the environment is improved.
3) Seeding
Sowing seeds in early spring, excavating planting grooves along a planting field, wherein the row spacing of the planting grooves is 8-15 cm, the depth of the planting grooves is 5-10 cm, uniformly sowing the aired seed stems in the planting grooves, wherein the planting distance is 5-10 cm, covering soil, and timely injecting water into the planting field through a water delivery pipeline;
4) fertilizing
Putting an organic fertilizer and a small amount of low-nitrogen, low-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer into a feeding and turning vehicle, feeding the fertilizer into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along a planting field, applying the fertilizer into the soil through the feeding and turning vehicle, and applying the fertilizer for three times, wherein the interval time of each application is half a month; because the soil is acidic, the organic fertilizer has acidic and alkaline neutrality differences, the pH value of the soil is in the range of 5.8-6.8 by adjusting the application amount and application types of the organic fertilizer, and the pH value range is suitable for the planting and growth of pinellia ternata;
5) post-planting management
After planting and fertilizing, when the seedling emergence of the pinellia ternata reaches 2-3 cm, loosening the soil and weeding in the half summer, wherein the depth of the loosened soil is not more than 10cm, and removing the extracted buds in batches after the loosening of the soil is finished;
6) pest control
a. Leaf spot, before and at the initial stage of disease, spraying 1: 1: spraying 120 boldo liquid or 65% amobam 500 times liquid once a week for 2-3 times;
b. and (3) tuber rot: in the early stage of disease development, after the diseased plant is pulled out, 5% lime water is sprayed on soil to prevent spreading, and agronomic measures are adopted to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, particularly reduce nitrogen fertilizers and increase potassium fertilizers;
c. spraying 800-1000 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid to the insect pests;
7) harvesting and processing
Digging after the pinellia ternate is mature, spreading lime or plant ash on the dug raw pinellia ternate, mixing, stacking for one week, loading the pinellia ternate into a bamboo basket when the pinellia ternate skin is slightly rotten and is easy to rub off, cleaning and drying.
The pinellia ternate cultivation method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, not only greatly improves the soil structure and the pH value, is very beneficial to the growth and development of pinellia ternate, promotes the quality improvement of pinellia ternate, reduces tuber rot caused by improper fertilization, but also reduces the production cost by applying a plurality of agricultural machinery and equipment, is beneficial to large-scale production, and can greatly improve the yield, quality and benefit of pinellia ternate compared with the existing pinellia ternate cultivation technology.
Furthermore, the organic matters in the step 2) comprise one or more of crushed grass, crushed leaves, crushed bagasse, sawdust and bamboo shavings, and the organic matters are applied to the soil, so that the organic matter content of the soil is further improved, the fertility is increased, the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced, the normal growth and development of pinellia ternata are ensured, and the quality of the pinellia ternata is improved; promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the soil permeability and greatly improve the soil permeability.
Further, the feeding and turning-over vehicle in the step 2) comprises a vehicle body, a control room and a fertilizer feeding box are arranged on the top surface of the vehicle body, wheels are arranged on the side surface of the vehicle body, a cross beam is horizontally arranged between the control room and the fertilizer feeding box, a turning-over roller is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, turning-over blades are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential side surface of the turning-over roller, the turning-over roller is connected with the cross beam through a lifting mechanism, the advancing of the vehicle body can be controlled through the control room, the requirement for turning over and applying fertilizer to the planting field can be met, meanwhile, the fertilizer application and the turning-over can be synchronously carried out, the steps of planting pinellia ternata are greatly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the planting efficiency of the pinellia ternata is improved, the fertilizer feeding box is used for feeding organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to the planting field, organic matters can be fed into the planting field, the roller that digs can reciprocate along the crossbeam under elevating system's effect, and when the automobile body went on the road surface, the roller that digs was in the top under elevating system's effect, kept away from ground, avoided the blade that digs to collide with ground and cause the damage, after the automobile body went to planting the field, will dig blade below to required height through elevating system, realize digging convenient to use swift planting the field.
Further, fertilizer input box includes the box, be provided with broken chamber in the box, stirring chamber and liquid fertilizer chamber, the liquid fertilizer chamber is located between broken chamber and the stirring chamber, design through broken chamber, can carry out quick broken smashing to the clam shell, be convenient for apply into soil with clam shell powder, the stirring chamber can be with garrulous grass, garrulous leaf, garrulous bagasse, organic matter such as sawdust and bamboo bits stir crushing, be convenient for apply into and improve the gas permeability of soil after the soil, the liquid fertilizer chamber is used for depositing fertilizer and compound fertilizer, be convenient for in fertilizer and compound fertile soil when the soil turns over.
Furthermore, two crushing wheels with opposite rotation directions and two crushing wheels with opposite rotation directions are arranged in the crushing cavity, the crushing wheels are positioned below the crushing wheels, a first material storage box is arranged on the top surface of the box body and is communicated with the crushing cavity, a first sealing plate is arranged at the lower part of the crushing cavity, a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the box body and is connected with the first sealing plate through a second piston rod, driving motors are arranged on the side surfaces of the crushing wheels and the crushing wheels, the crushing wheels and the crushing wheels are respectively driven to rotate through the driving motors, so that the crushing and the crushing treatment of the clam shells are realized, the clam shell powder is conveniently applied into soil, the first material storage box is used for storing the clam shells, and when the clam shell powder in the crushing cavity reaches a required amount, the second hydraulic cylinder drives the first sealing plate to horizontally move through the second piston rod, so that the clam shell powder is put into a planting field, realize automatic feeding, and easily control the input amount of clam shell powder.
Further, be provided with the third storage case on the top surface of box, the liquid fertilizer chamber is connected through the transfer line to the third storage case, is provided with the solenoid valve on the drain pipe in liquid fertilizer chamber, and the third storage case is used for depositing fertilizer and compound fertilizer, can be with fertilizer and compound fertilizer input liquid fertilizer intracavity in the third storage case through the transfer line, opens the fertilizer that the solenoid valve made the liquid fertilizer intracavity and put in to planting the field through the drain pipe.
Further, be provided with second motor and second storage case on the top surface of box, second storage case and stirring chamber intercommunication, the second motor passes through the agitator shaft and is connected by stirring blade, stirring blade is located the stirring intracavity, the lower part in stirring chamber is provided with the second closing plate, be provided with the third pneumatic cylinder in the box, the third pneumatic cylinder passes through the third piston rod and connects the second closing plate, can be used for depositing organic matters such as garrulous grass, garrulous leaf, garrulous bagasse, sawdust and bamboo bits through the second storage case, after dropping into the stirring intracavity, drive stirring blade through the (mixing) shaft and stir organic matter and smash organic matter, drive the second closing plate through the third piston rod through the third pneumatic cylinder and open, make the organic matter after stirring throw into and plant the field.
Further, elevating system includes first pneumatic cylinder, top board and lower locating plate, two first pneumatic cylinder fixed connection are on the crossbeam, the first pneumatic cylinder is connected through first piston rod to the top board, two lower locating plates pass through dead lever fixed connection in the below of top board, the soil turning roller rotates to be connected between two lower locating plates, be provided with first motor on the top surface of top board, first motor passes through the belt and connects the soil turning roller, it reciprocates to drive the top board through first piston rod through first pneumatic cylinder, and then it reciprocates to drive the soil turning roller through dead lever and lower locating plate, satisfy the requirement to planting field soil turning, it is rotatory to drive the soil turning roller through the belt through first motor, realize that the soil turning blade is handled the soil turning of planting field.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step 4) comprises cow dung, sheep dung and plant ash, the pH value of the soil is adjusted or stabilized, the potassium content of the soil is increased, the organic fertilizer is suitable for the growth and development of the pinellia ternata, the healthy and stress-resistant effects of the pinellia ternata are facilitated, and the quality and the benefit of the planting yield of the pinellia ternata are improved.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pinellia ternate cultivation method is simple in steps, and a large amount of organic matters (agricultural and forestry byproducts discarded in rural areas such as broken grass, broken leaves, broken bagasse, sawdust and bamboo scraps) and organic fertilizers (including sheep manure, cow manure and plant ash) are applied, so that the soil structure and the pH value are greatly improved, the growth and development of pinellia ternate are facilitated, the quality and the quality of the pinellia ternate are improved, tuber rot caused by improper fertilization is reduced, the production cost is reduced by applying a plurality of agricultural machinery and equipment, the large-scale production is facilitated, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of the pinellia ternate can be greatly improved compared with the existing pinellia ternate planting technology.
2. Applying the organic matters into the soil, further improving the organic matter content of the soil, increasing the fertility, improving the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil, ensuring the normal growth and development of crops and promoting the quality improvement of the crops; promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the soil permeability and greatly improve the soil permeability.
3. The advancing of the vehicle body can be controlled through the control room, the requirement of turning soil and applying fertilizer to the planting field can be met, meanwhile, the fertilizer application and the turning soil can be synchronously carried out, the steps of planting pinellia ternata are greatly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the planting efficiency of pinellia ternata is improved, the fertilizer feeding box is used for feeding organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer to the planting field, organic matters can be fed into the planting field, the organic fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the organic matters are applied into soil through the soil turning roller and the soil turning blade, the soil turning roller can move up and down along the cross beam under the action of the lifting mechanism, when the vehicle body runs on the road surface, the soil turning roller is positioned above and far away from the ground under the action of the lifting mechanism, the damage caused by collision of the soil turning blade and the ground is avoided, when the vehicle body runs to the planting field, the lower part of the soil turning blade is positioned to the required height through the lifting, the use is convenient and fast.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a field for planting in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of shunt tube to adapter tube connection according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the material-feeding soil-turning vehicle of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fertilizer application box according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-planting field; 2-water conveying pipeline; 3-a shunt pipe; 4-a linker tube; 5-water outlet; 6-vehicle body; 7-a control room; 8-fertilizer feeding box; 9-vehicle wheels; 10-a lower positioning plate; 11-upper positioning plate; 12-a fixation rod; 13-a soil turning roller; 14-a soil turning blade; 15-a first electric machine; 16-a belt; 17-a first hydraulic cylinder; 18-a first piston rod; 19-a cross beam; 20-a box body; 21-a crushing cavity; 22-a stirring chamber; 23-a liquid fertilizer chamber; 24-a first storage bin; 25-a second storage bin; 26-a third storage bin; 27-a crushing wheel; 28-a grinding wheel; 29-a second hydraulic cylinder; 30-a first sealing plate; 31-a second piston rod; 32-a transfusion tube; 33-a second motor; 34-a stirring shaft; 35-stirring blade; 36-a third hydraulic cylinder; 37-a second sealing plate; 38-third piston rod.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the cultivation method of imitating wild pinellia ternata of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment
a. Firstly, selecting clean and traceless pinellia tuber, removing the skin, then, soaking and washing the pinellia tuber with alcohol solution for 1-3 min, and then, washing the pinellia tuber with distilled water until no alcohol residue exists;
b. soaking the seeds in the plant ash soaking solution for 2-3 h, then taking out, spreading and drying in the air;
2) soil preparation
a. Firstly, a planting field 1 with loose texture is selected, horizontal grooves are formed in the planting field 1 at equal intervals, the depth of each horizontal groove is 30-35 cm, vertical grooves are formed between every two adjacent horizontal grooves at equal intervals, the depth of each vertical groove is 30-35 cm, the horizontal grooves and the vertical grooves with the depth are distributed, so that the installation of a diversion pipeline 3 and an adapter pipe 4 is facilitated, pinellia ternate can be better humidified at the depth position of 5-10 cm in soil, the survival rate of the pinellia ternate is improved, and meanwhile, the damage caused by the extrusion of wheels 9 on the diversion pipeline 3 and the adapter pipe 4 in the soil turning process is avoided;
b. then horizontally installing a water pipeline 2 along one side of the planting field 1, installing shunt pipes 3 on the side surface of the water pipeline 2 at equal intervals, sequentially installing the shunt pipes 3 in the horizontal groove, uniformly arranging water outlet holes 5 on the shunt pipes, installing linking pipes 4 between every two adjacent shunt pipes 3 at equal intervals, arranging water outlet holes 5 on each linking pipe 4, backfilling soil into the horizontal groove and the vertical groove after the shunt pipes 3 and the linking pipes 4 are installed, realizing the closed connection between the shunt pipes 3 and the linking pipes 4, and enabling water to enter the soil through the water outlet holes 5 to provide a moist environment for the growth of pinellia ternata;
c. putting organic matters and waste clam shells into a feeding and turning vehicle, crushing and stirring the clam shells into powder by the feeding and turning vehicle, feeding the powder into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along the planting field 1, applying the powder into the soil by the feeding and turning vehicle, and moving the feeding and turning vehicle along an S-shaped track in the moving process; the waste clam shells are ground into powder to improve the soil, the granular structure formation is facilitated, the fertility is enhanced, the clam shells are rich in calcium, iron, copper, zinc and other elements, amino acid and protein, the stress resistance of plants can be obviously improved after the pinellia ternata absorbs the powder, the thick and strong stems are realized, the clam shells are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the environment is improved. The organic matter comprises one or more of crushed grass, crushed leaves, crushed bagasse, sawdust and bamboo sawdust, and is applied to the soil, so that the organic matter content of the soil is further improved, the fertility is increased, the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced, the normal growth and development of the pinellia ternata are ensured, and the quality of the pinellia ternata is improved; promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, improve the soil permeability and greatly improve the soil permeability.
The feeding and soil turning vehicle comprises a vehicle body 6, a control room 7 and a fertilizer feeding box 8 are arranged on the top surface of the vehicle body 6, wheels 9 are arranged on the side surface of the vehicle body 6, a cross beam 19 is horizontally arranged between the control room 7 and the fertilizer feeding box 8, a soil turning roller 13 is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body 6, soil turning blades 14 are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential side surface of the soil turning roller 13, the soil turning roller 13 is connected with the cross beam 19 through a lifting mechanism, the advancing of the vehicle body 6 can be controlled through the control room 7, the requirements for soil turning and fertilizer application of a planting field 1 are met, meanwhile, the fertilizer application and soil turning can be synchronously carried out, the steps of planting pinellia ternata are greatly reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the planting efficiency of the pinellia ternata is improved, the fertilizer feeding box 8 is used for feeding organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers into the planting field 1, organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and organic matters are fed into soil through the soil turning roller 13, the roller 13 that digs can reciprocate along crossbeam 19 under elevating system's effect, when automobile body 6 went on the road surface, the roller 13 that digs was in the top under elevating system's effect, kept away from ground, avoided the blade 14 that digs to collide with ground and cause the damage, after automobile body 6 went to planting field 1, will dig the blade 14 below to required height through elevating system, realize digging convenient to use is swift planting field 1.
Fertilizer puts in case 8 and includes box 20, be provided with broken chamber 21 in the box 20, stirring chamber 22 and liquid fertilizer chamber 23, liquid fertilizer chamber 23 is located between broken chamber 21 and the stirring chamber 22, design through broken chamber 21, can carry out quick broken smashing to the clam shell, be convenient for apply into soil with clam shell powder, stirring chamber 22 can be with garrulous grass, garrulous leaf, garrulous bagasse, organic matter such as sawdust and bamboo bits stirs smashing, be convenient for apply into and improve the gas permeability of soil after the soil, liquid fertilizer chamber 23 is used for depositing fertilizer and compound fertilizer, be convenient for in fertilizer and compound fertile soil when digging.
The crushing cavity 21 is internally provided with two crushing wheels 27 with opposite rotating directions and two crushing wheels 28 with opposite rotating directions, the crushing wheels 28 are positioned below the crushing wheels 27, the top surface of the box body 20 is provided with a first storage box 24, the first storage box 24 is communicated with the crushing cavity 21, the lower part of the crushing cavity 21 is provided with a first sealing plate 30, the box body 20 is internally provided with a second hydraulic cylinder 29, the second hydraulic cylinder 29 is connected with the first sealing plate 30 through a second piston rod 31, the side surfaces of the crushing wheels 27 and 28 are respectively provided with a driving motor, the crushing wheels 27 and the crushing wheels 28 are respectively driven to rotate through the driving motor, so as to realize the crushing and crushing treatment of the clam shells, so that the clam shell powder can be conveniently applied into soil, the first storage box 24 is used for storing the clam shells, when the clam shell powder in the crushing cavity 21 reaches a required amount, the second hydraulic cylinder 29 drives the first sealing plate 30 to horizontally move through the second piston rod 31, the clam shell powder is put into the planting field 1, automatic feeding is realized, and the putting amount of the clam shell powder is easy to control.
Be provided with third storage case 26 on the top surface of box 20, third storage case 26 passes through transfer line 32 and connects liquid fertilizer chamber 23, is provided with the solenoid valve on the drain pipe of liquid fertilizer chamber 23, and third storage case 26 is used for depositing fertilizer and compound fertilizer, can be with fertilizer and compound fertilizer input liquid fertilizer chamber 23 in third storage case 26 through transfer line 32, opens the solenoid valve and makes fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer chamber 23 throw in to planting field 1 through the drain pipe.
A second motor 33 and a second storage box 25 are arranged on the top surface of the box body 20, the second storage box 25 is communicated with the stirring cavity 22, the second motor 33 is connected with a stirring blade 35 through a stirring shaft 34, the stirring blade 35 is positioned in the stirring cavity 22, a second sealing plate 37 is arranged on the lower portion of the stirring cavity 22, a third hydraulic cylinder 36 is arranged in the box body 20, the third hydraulic cylinder 36 is connected with the second sealing plate 37 through a third piston rod 38, the second storage box 25 can be used for storing organic matters such as crushed grass, crushed leaves, crushed bagasse, sawdust and bamboo chips, after the organic matters are thrown into the stirring cavity 22, the stirring blade 35 is driven by the stirring shaft 34 to stir the organic matters under the action of the second motor 33, the second sealing plate 37 is driven by the third hydraulic cylinder 36 through the third piston rod 38 to be opened, and the organic matters after being stirred are thrown into the planting field 1.
The lifting mechanism comprises a first hydraulic cylinder 17, an upper positioning plate 11 and a lower positioning plate 10, wherein the two first hydraulic cylinders 17 are fixedly connected onto a cross beam 19, the upper positioning plate 11 is connected with the first hydraulic cylinders 17 through a first piston rod 18, the two lower positioning plates 10 are fixedly connected below the upper positioning plate 11 through fixing rods 12, a soil turning roller 13 is rotatably connected between the two lower positioning plates 10, a first motor 15 is arranged on the top surface of the upper positioning plate 11, the first motor 15 is connected with the soil turning roller 13 through a belt 16, the upper positioning plate 11 is driven to move up and down through the first piston rod 18 by the first hydraulic cylinders 17, the soil turning roller 13 is driven to move up and down through the fixing rods 12 and the lower positioning plates 10, the requirement for turning soil of the planting field 1 is met, the soil turning roller 13 is driven to rotate through the belt 16 by the first motor 15, and the soil turning blade 14.
3) Seeding
Sowing seeds in early spring, excavating planting grooves along a planting field 1, wherein the row spacing of the planting grooves is 8-15 cm, the depth of the planting grooves is 5-10 cm, uniformly sowing the aired seed stems in the planting grooves, wherein the planting distance is 5-10 cm, covering soil, and timely injecting water into the planting field 1 through a water delivery pipeline 2;
4) fertilizing
Putting an organic fertilizer and a small amount of low-nitrogen, low-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer into a feeding and turning vehicle, putting the fertilizer into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along the planting field 1, applying the fertilizer into the soil through the feeding and turning vehicle, and applying the fertilizer for three times, wherein the interval time of each fertilization is half a month; because the soil is acidic, the organic fertilizer has acidic and alkaline neutrality differences, the pH value of the soil is in the range of 5.8-6.8 by adjusting the application amount and application types of the organic fertilizer, and the pH value range is suitable for the planting and growth of pinellia ternata; the organic fertilizer comprises cow dung, sheep dung and plant ash, the pH value of soil is adjusted or stabilized, the potassium content of the soil is increased, the organic fertilizer is suitable for the growth and development of the pinellia ternata, the organic fertilizer is beneficial to the health and stress resistance of the pinellia ternata, and the quality and the benefit of the planting yield of the pinellia ternata are improved.
5) Post-planting management
After planting and fertilizing, when the seedling emergence of the pinellia ternata reaches 2-3 cm, loosening the soil and weeding in the half summer, wherein the depth of the loosened soil is not more than 10cm, and removing the extracted buds in batches after the loosening of the soil is finished;
6) pest control
a. Leaf spot, before and at the initial stage of disease, spraying 1: 1: spraying 120 boldo liquid or 65% amobam 500 times liquid once a week for 2-3 times;
b. and (3) tuber rot: in the early stage of disease development, after the diseased plant is pulled out, 5% lime water is sprayed on soil to prevent spreading, and agronomic measures are adopted to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, particularly reduce nitrogen fertilizers and increase potassium fertilizers;
c. spraying 800-1000 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid to the insect pests;
7) harvesting and processing
Digging after the pinellia ternate is mature, spreading lime or plant ash on the dug raw pinellia ternate, mixing, stacking for one week, loading the pinellia ternate into a bamboo basket when the pinellia ternate skin is slightly rotten and is easy to rub off, cleaning and drying.
The yield per mu of pinellia ternata planted by the conventional method is 400-500 jin, and after the method is comprehensively used, the yield per mu can reach 1000-1200 jin.
The pinellia ternate cultivation method disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, and a large amount of organic matters (agricultural and forestry byproducts discarded in rural areas such as broken grass, broken leaves, broken bagasse, sawdust and bamboo scraps) and organic fertilizers (including sheep manure, cow manure and plant ash) are applied, so that the soil structure and the pH value are greatly improved, the growth and development of the pinellia ternate are facilitated, the quality and the quality of the pinellia ternate are improved, tuber rot caused by improper fertilization is reduced, the production cost is reduced by applying a plurality of agricultural machinery and equipment, the large-scale production is facilitated, and the yield, the quality and the benefit of the pinellia ternate can be greatly improved compared with the existing pinellia ternate planting technology.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple variations, equivalent substitutions or modifications based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effects are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment
a. Firstly, selecting clean and traceless pinellia tuber, removing the skin, then, soaking and washing the pinellia tuber with alcohol solution for 1-3 min, and then, washing the pinellia tuber with distilled water until no alcohol residue exists;
b. soaking the seeds in the plant ash soaking solution for 2-3 h, then taking out, spreading and drying in the air;
2) soil preparation
a. Firstly, selecting a planting field with loose texture, forming horizontal grooves at equal intervals in the planting field, wherein the depth of each horizontal groove is 30-35 cm, and forming vertical grooves at equal intervals between every two adjacent horizontal grooves, wherein the depth of each vertical groove is 30-35 cm;
b. then horizontally installing a water pipeline along one side of the planting field, installing shunt pipes on the side surface of the water pipeline at equal intervals, sequentially installing the shunt pipes in the horizontal groove, uniformly arranging water outlet holes on the shunt pipes, installing linking pipes between every two adjacent shunt pipes at equal intervals, arranging a water outlet hole on each linking pipe, and backfilling soil into the horizontal groove and the vertical groove after the shunt pipes and the linking pipes are installed;
c. putting organic matters and waste mussel shells into a feeding and turning vehicle, crushing and stirring the mussel shells into powder by the feeding and turning vehicle, feeding the powder into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along the planting field, applying the powder into the soil by the feeding and turning vehicle, and moving the feeding and turning vehicle along an S-shaped track in the moving process;
3) seeding
Sowing seeds in early spring, excavating planting grooves along a planting field, wherein the row spacing of the planting grooves is 8-15 cm, the depth of the planting grooves is 5-10 cm, uniformly sowing the aired seed stems in the planting grooves, wherein the planting distance is 5-10 cm, covering soil, and timely injecting water into the planting field through a water delivery pipeline;
4) fertilizing
Putting an organic fertilizer and a small amount of low-nitrogen, low-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer into a feeding and turning vehicle, feeding the fertilizer into soil while the feeding and turning vehicle moves along a planting field, applying the fertilizer into the soil through the feeding and turning vehicle, and applying the fertilizer for three times, wherein the interval time of each application is half a month;
5) post-planting management
After planting and fertilizing, when the seedling emergence of the pinellia ternata reaches 2-3 cm, loosening the soil and weeding in the half summer, wherein the depth of the loosened soil is not more than 10cm, and removing the extracted buds in batches after the loosening of the soil is finished;
6) pest control
a. Leaf spot, before and at the initial stage of disease, spraying 1: 1: spraying 120 boldo liquid or 65% amobam 500 times liquid once a week for 2-3 times;
b. and (3) tuber rot: in the early stage of disease development, after the diseased plant is pulled out, 5 percent lime water is sprayed on the soil to prevent spreading, and the agricultural measures reduce nitrogen fertilizer and increase potassium fertilizer;
c. spraying 800-1000 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid to the insect pests;
7) harvesting and processing
Digging after the pinellia ternate is mature, spreading lime or plant ash on the dug raw pinellia ternate, mixing, stacking for one week, loading the pinellia ternate into a bamboo basket when the pinellia ternate skin is slightly rotten and is easy to rub off, cleaning and drying.
2. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the organic matter in the step 2) comprises one or more of crushed grass, crushed leaves, crushed bagasse, sawdust and bamboo dust.
3. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the feeding and soil turning vehicle in the step 2) comprises a vehicle body, a control room and a fertilizer feeding box are arranged on the top surface of the vehicle body, wheels are arranged on the side surface of the vehicle body, a cross beam is horizontally arranged between the control room and the fertilizer feeding box, a soil turning roller is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, soil turning blades are uniformly arranged on the side surface of the outer circumference of the soil turning roller, and the soil turning roller is connected with the cross beam through a lifting mechanism.
4. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer feeding box comprises a box body, wherein a crushing cavity, a stirring cavity and a liquid fertilizer cavity are arranged in the box body, and the liquid fertilizer cavity is located between the crushing cavity and the stirring cavity.
5. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the crushing chamber is internally provided with two crushing wheels with opposite rotating directions and two crushing wheels with opposite rotating directions, the crushing wheels are positioned below the crushing wheels, a first storage box is arranged on the top surface of the box body and communicated with the crushing chamber, a first sealing plate is arranged on the lower portion of the crushing chamber, a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the box body and connected with the first sealing plate through a second piston rod.
6. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: and a third storage box is arranged on the top surface of the box body and connected with the liquid fertilizer cavity through a liquid conveying pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on a liquid outlet pipe of the liquid fertilizer cavity.
7. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the improved stirring device is characterized in that a second motor and a second storage box are arranged on the top surface of the box body, the second storage box is communicated with the stirring cavity, the second motor is connected with a stirring blade through the stirring shaft, the stirring blade is located in the stirring cavity, a second sealing plate is arranged on the lower portion of the stirring cavity, a third hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the box body, and the third hydraulic cylinder is connected with the second sealing plate through a third piston rod.
8. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: elevating system includes first pneumatic cylinder, top board and lower locating plate, two first pneumatic cylinder fixed connection be in on the crossbeam, the top board passes through first piston rod and connects first pneumatic cylinder, two the lower locating plate passes through dead lever fixed connection and is in the below of top board, the roller that digs rotates to be connected two between the lower locating plate, be provided with first motor on the top surface of top board, first motor passes through the belt and connects the roller that digs.
9. The cultivation method of imitated wild pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer in the step 4) comprises cow dung, sheep dung and plant ash.
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Application publication date: 20200828 |