CN110731243A - direct sowing dry rice cultivation method for effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature - Google Patents
direct sowing dry rice cultivation method for effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731243A CN110731243A CN201911159659.0A CN201911159659A CN110731243A CN 110731243 A CN110731243 A CN 110731243A CN 201911159659 A CN201911159659 A CN 201911159659A CN 110731243 A CN110731243 A CN 110731243A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to dry direct-seeding rice cultivation methods capable of effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage, which are characterized in that a coating agent containing a sedum sarmentosum ethanol extract and a herba orostachyos water extract is used for coating and cold-resisting rice seeds, the cold-resisting performance of the sedum sarmentosum extract and the herba orostachyos water extract is utilized to effectively improve the cold-resisting performance of the rice seeds by better inducing the cold-resisting performance of plants, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent dry direct-seeding planting stability of the rice seeds under the low-temperature condition, meanwhile, a proper organic substance mixture contained in the sedum sarmentosum ethanol extract and the herba orostachyos water extract can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the adsorption performance of the soil on nitrogen, effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria in the soil, reduce the loss condition of nitrogen fertilizer, remarkably improve the utilization efficiency of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, and particularly relates to a dry direct seeding cultivation method for kinds of rice, which can effectively prevent low-temperature cold damage.
Background
The rice is originally produced in tropical and subtropical swamps, the southern China is of the original producing area of the rice, and as the rice grows in a high-temperature and humid environment for a long time and is naturally selected for a long time, the rice has a habit of adapting to growth in water, so people are used to cultivate the rice by a flooding method, which is a traditional cultivation method used for since history.
The direct seeding of paddy rice and dry seeding is also called as a dry seed water pipe, which is a novel rice planting system derived and sublimated on the basis of direct seeding of paddy rice and dry transplanting, the direct seeding of paddy rice and the transplanting of paddy rice are completely different, the water land preparation, seedling culture and transplanting operation procedures are omitted, seeds are directly sown in low-lying lands of old rice fields or dry rice fields passing through dry land preparation, the drought is long before the four-leaf period, the natural rainfall is relied on, and the planned water supplement is carried out in key periods of water requirement of paddy rice, such as tillering period, booting period, heading and watering raising period and grouting period, a wet irrigation method is adopted, a water layer can be discontinuously established on the surface of the rice field according to the needs of weed killing and physiological growth, a low-lying land block can be watered or not watered in a small amount, and statistics is carried out, the water consumption of each hectare only about 3000 cubic meters, and the water consumption of the direct seeding is of water layer of water precipitation of direct seeding and water planting.
The same way as the direct seeding cultivation of paddy rice, the direct seeding cultivation of paddy rice has the problems of instable seedling rate and easy low-temperature cold damage, which causes the seedling shortage and yield reduction of the direct seeding rice. Therefore, the problems of low seedling rate and serious low-temperature cold damage in direct seeding cultivation of rice are effectively solved, and the method has a key effect and positive significance on the development of the dry direct seeding cultivation technology of the rice.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide dry direct seeding cultivation methods for effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage of rice, so as to solve the problems of low seedling rate and serious low-temperature cold damage in the prior art of dry direct seeding cultivation of rice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice for effectively preventing low-temperature cold injury comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting drought-resistant rice seeds, soaking and cleaning the seeds by using clear water, adding a cold-resistant coating agent, uniformly mixing, and coating;
the cold-resistant coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total amount of the cold-resistant coating agent:
(2) selecting a land block with good drainage condition, ploughing the planting soil, preparing the land, supplementing bottom soil moisture, and keeping the wettability of the soil;
(3) selecting the ground temperature of 5cm underground to be stable at 5-10 ℃ for seeding, and carrying out earthing up and compacting;
(4) weeding, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests on time, and irrigating in time;
(5) and (5) after harvesting, leveling the soil.
Specifically, the sedum sarmentosum extract is a sedum sarmentosum ethanol extract.
Specifically, the herba orostachyos extract is a herba orostachyos water extract.
Specifically, the vitamins include water-soluble vitamin C.
Specifically, the growth regulator comprises naphthylacetic acid.
Specifically, the film-forming agent comprises gum arabic.
Specifically, the pesticide comprises imidacloprid.
Specifically, the bactericide comprises carbendazim.
Specifically, the osmotic agent includes acetone.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the cold-resistant coating agent to the rice seeds is 1: 50-100.
According to the rice dry direct seeding cultivation method for effectively preventing the low-temperature cold damage, the cold resistance of the rice seeds is effectively improved by a mode of coating the rice seeds with a coating agent containing the sedum sarmentosum ethanol extract and the herba orostachyos water extract and utilizing the better effect of inducing the cold resistance of plants of the sedum sarmentosum extract and the herba orostachyos extract, and the rice dry direct seeding cultivation stability of the rice seeds under the subsequent low-temperature condition is facilitated; meanwhile, the mixture of the organic substances contained in the ethanol extract of the sedum sarmentosum and the water extract of the orostachys fimbriatus can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve the nitrogen adsorption performance of the soil, effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria in the soil, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, obviously improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice.
Detailed Description
Preparation example 1 preparation of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract
Taking the whole stringy stonecrop herb, cleaning, airing and crushing, adding 70 wt% ethanol water solution which accounts for 4 times of the weight of the stringy stonecrop herb, soaking for 1h, and carrying out reflux extraction for 1h at normal temperature to obtain stringy stonecrop herb ethanol extract; repeating the above reflux extraction process for 2 times, mixing the obtained ethanol extractive solutions, concentrating to obtain extract (equal to herba Sedi), and drying to obtain the desired herba Sedi extract.
Preparation example 2 preparation of extract of Orostachys japonicas
Cleaning whole herba Orostachyos, air drying, pulverizing, adding water 5 times of the weight of herba Orostachyos pulverized particles, soaking for 30min, and heating for decocting for 30 min; and (3) after solid-liquid separation, collecting decoction, continuously adding the same amount of water into the collected residues for secondary decoction extraction, collecting the decoction, combining the decoction with the previous decoction, concentrating the mixture by rotary evaporation to obtain an extract, and stopping concentration when the mass of the extract is the same as the using amount of the orostachys fimbriatus so as to obtain the required orostachys fimbriatus extract.
Example 1
The cold-resistant coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total amount of the cold-resistant coating agent:
the preparation method of the cold-resistant coating agent comprises the step of uniformly mixing selected amounts of the components to obtain a mixed colloidal liquid.
Example 2
The cold-resistant coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total amount of the cold-resistant coating agent:
the preparation method of the cold-resistant coating agent comprises the step of uniformly mixing selected amounts of the components to obtain a mixed colloidal liquid.
Example 3
The cold-resistant coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total amount of the cold-resistant coating agent:
the preparation method of the cold-resistant coating agent comprises the step of uniformly mixing selected amounts of the components to obtain a mixed colloidal liquid.
Examples of the experiments
1. Verification of low-temperature seedling rate
In the case of reclaimed rice No. 6 seeds, the low-temperature seedling emergence test was performed on the seeds coated and uncoated in example 3, respectively.
The precision hole direct seeding mode is simulated, seeds subjected to coating treatment in the example 3 and untreated reclaimed rice No. 6 seeds (only soaked in clear water, cleaned and dried in the air) are uniformly sowed into containers filled with soil with the same field thickness of 15cm, and 150 seeds are sowed in each pot. Firstly, placing a container of the sowed rice seeds at 25 ℃ and culturing until 1 leaf 1 heart stage; then, the temperature of the artificial climate box is suddenly reduced to 5 ℃, and low-temperature treatment is carried out for 7 days; then, the ambient temperature was slowly raised to the controlled 25 ℃ until the rice was grown to 3 leaves at 1 heart stage, and the seedling rate, plant height (average value), etc. were calculated by sampling and recorded in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Low temperature seedling Rate results
| Treatment method | Percent seedling rate (%) | Plant height (cm) | Miao height Dry weight (mg/cm) |
| Example 3 coating | 92.35％ | 8.54 | 1.14 |
| Uncoated | 60.48％ | 10.03 | 0.63 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the cold-resistant coating agent of the present invention is helpful to increase the rate of emergence of rice seeds under low temperature conditions.
2. Field test
The method still selects the reclaimed rice No. 6 seeds as an example for direct dry seeding cultivation, selects rice seeds with full grains, uniform grain type and maturity of , spreads the seeds in the sun for 2 days before planting, then puts the seeds in 0.5 wt% lime water for soaking for 1 hour for disinfection, takes out the seeds, drains the water and naturally dries the seeds, carries out coating treatment according to the scheme of the embodiment 3, and takes the seeds which are not subjected to coating treatment as planting contrast.
And (3) carrying out direct seeding cultivation of the rice on the dry land in the four-level region of Jilin, and selecting soil regions with basically the same soil quality and basically the same planting conditions to respectively plant the crops in the experimental group and the control group, so as to ensure that the planting conditions such as temperature, rainfall and the like are basically .
Mechanically and forcibly melting snow and scattering soil moisture in the early year of planting, preparing soil by a paddy field soil crusher before sowing, supplementing bottom soil moisture, and keeping the soil moisture to be about 60-70%.
The method comprises the steps of selecting a place 5cm underground, stabilizing the ground temperature at 8 ℃, performing direct seeding planting of an experimental group and a control group for a seeding period, applying a compound farmyard base fertilizer according to 50 kg/mu, controlling the seeding row cost to be 30cm, seeding by using a rice dry direct seeding machine during seeding, controlling the seeding amount to be 80 kg/hectare and the seeding depth to be in a soil layer of 2 cm, wherein the farmyard base fertilizer comprises straws, cow dung, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 2: 3: 5: 1, is deeply applied to a place 10 cm below the side of rice seeds for times, does not need to be applied with fertilizer in the whole growth to maturity process of the rice seeds, and is timely pressed by a press after seeding and fertilizing, and is slowly moved at a low speed.
And (4) irrigating for times after the rice seedlings emerge, mainly performing rain culture in the rest time, and irrigating when the water potential in the soil is lower than-50 kPa.
When extremely individual rice seedlings come out of the field, 3000 ml glyphosate is mechanically sprayed for each hectare, -year and perennial weeds coming out in the early period are killed, and when leaves are in heart stage of the rice seedlings, 15 kg of propanil emulsifiable solution, 225 g of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and 750 ml of bentazone are mechanically sprayed for each hectare by 20 percent, or 1200 ml of cyhalofop-butyl, 300 ml of oryza, 225 g of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and 750 ml of bentazone are mechanically sprayed for each hectare, and when needed, 1500 ml of dichlorvos is mixed with 800 times of water for each hectare, and the mechanical spraying is carried out.
When the rice ears lose green, the glumes turn yellow, the rice grains turn white and do not deform by hand pressing, the rice is harvested.
After the experimental group and the control group were harvested, the rice yield (kg/ha) of each test field was recorded, and at the same time, the nitrogen utilization (%) of the total applied nitrogen fertilizer in each test field was calculated and recorded in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 results of rice yield and nitrogen utilization in each test field
| Seed treatment mode | Rice yield (kg/ha) | Nitrogen utilization (%) |
| Example 3 coating | 6515 | 45.31 |
| CK | 5029 | 31.22 |
Therefore, the cold-resistant coating agent provided by the invention can effectively improve the planting stability of rice in low-temperature areas, effectively improve the yield of rice, obviously improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of applied nitrogen fertilizer, and reduce the pollution of the nitrogen fertilizer.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1, kinds of paddy rice dry direct seeding cultivation method for effectively preventing low temperature cold damage, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting drought-resistant rice seeds, soaking and cleaning the seeds by using clear water, adding a cold-resistant coating agent, uniformly mixing, and coating;
the cold-resistant coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total amount of the cold-resistant coating agent:
(2) selecting a land block with good drainage condition, ploughing the planting soil, preparing the land, supplementing bottom soil moisture, and keeping the wettability of the soil;
(3) selecting the ground temperature of 5cm underground to be stable at 5-10 ℃ for seeding, and carrying out earthing up and compacting;
(4) weeding, fertilizing, preventing and controlling diseases and pests on time, and irrigating in time;
(5) and (5) after harvesting, leveling the soil.
2. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stringy stonecrop herb extract is stringy stonecrop herb ethanol extract.
3. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the extract of Orostachys japonicas is an aqueous extract of Orostachys japonicas.
4. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice of , wherein the vitamin includes water-soluble vitamin C.
5. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice of inclusive of effective prevention of cold damage at low temperature according to claim 1-4, wherein the growth regulator includes naphthylacetic acid.
6. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice of , wherein the film forming agent comprises acacia gum.
7. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice of inclusive of claim 1-6 wherein the pesticide includes imidacloprid.
8. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for paddy rice effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature according to any in the claim 1-7, wherein the bactericide comprises carbendazim.
9. The dry direct seeding method for paddy rice of , wherein the penetrating agent comprises acetone.
10. The dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the mass ratio of the cold-resistant coating agent to the rice seeds is 1: 50-100.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111418612A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-17 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Regulating agent for improving salt tolerance of crops and preparation method thereof |
| CN111771640A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-16 | 益阳市农业科学研究所 | Rice cultivation method capable of effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage |
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| CN110199802A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-06 | 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） | A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111418612A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-07-17 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Regulating agent for improving salt tolerance of crops and preparation method thereof |
| CN111771640A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-16 | 益阳市农业科学研究所 | Rice cultivation method capable of effectively preventing low-temperature cold damage |
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Application publication date: 20200131 |