CN106489636A - A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region - Google Patents

A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106489636A
CN106489636A CN201610921537.0A CN201610921537A CN106489636A CN 106489636 A CN106489636 A CN 106489636A CN 201610921537 A CN201610921537 A CN 201610921537A CN 106489636 A CN106489636 A CN 106489636A
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China
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drip irrigation
water
paddy rice
rice
live
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CN106489636B (en
Inventor
王福
吴魁斌
李北松
王洪斌
王刚
孔祥辉
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Wuchang Rice Cultivation Cooperatives
Heilongjiang Food Farming Cooperatives Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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Wuchang Rice Cultivation Cooperatives
Heilongjiang Food Farming Cooperatives Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：Seed breeding, site preparation, sowing and field management, in site preparation step, are ploughed in the fall and are raked the soil level, and are leveled land in the spring of Second Year；Drip irrigation pipe is laid while sowing, and is irrigated using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice.The invention provides a kind of can be in the scheme of cold ground implant mass paddy rice, especially on unrestrained hillock and can be not suitable for promoting on the conventional arable land for developing rice cultivation, the Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area on cold ground can effectively be expanded, there is to cracking an agricultural structure adjustment difficult problem meaning of milestone.

Description

A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region
Technical field
The invention belongs to rice cultivating method technical field, and in particular to a kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region.
Background technology
Heilongjiang Province is China's high-grade rice main producing region, and good product quality, the market competitiveness are strong, but the current overwhelming majority is all It is that cultivation is basined irrigation in culturing and transplanting seedlings rice transplanting, big to plot flatness requirement height, water requirement (per mu of well irrigation is minimum to need 400 cubic metres of water, More than 500 cubic metres of irrigation canals and ditches flood irrigation), pollution of area source intensity is big, needs fertilizer, dose big, causes the difficulty for expanding cultivated area.
Simultaneously as the corn planting amount of Heilongjiang Province is big, but its product does not have the market competitiveness, cancels protection in country After valency, adjustment, compression corn area are imperative, but face existing paddy rice and cannot expand asking for cultivated area on a large scale Topic.
Content of the invention
In order to solve the problems referred to above of prior art presence, the invention provides a kind of live drip irrigation cultivation side of paddy rice in cold region Method.While achieving in cold ground implant mass paddy rice, irrigation water saved, improve rice quality.Have very high Economic benefit.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：Kind Sub- seed selection, site preparation, sowing and field management, in site preparation step, are ploughed in the fall and are raked the soil level, and the spring in Second Year Level land；Drip irrigation pipe is laid while sowing, and is filled using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice Irrigate.
The live drip irrigation cultivation method of the paddy rice in cold region provide a kind of can in the scheme of cold ground implant mass paddy rice, Especially on unrestrained hillock and can be not suitable for promoting on the conventional arable land for developing rice cultivation, effectively can expand on cold ground The Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area of (such as Heilongjiang Province), the meaning to cracking an agricultural structure adjustment difficult problem with milestone.
For improving the cold performance of paddy rice, while improving emergence rate, preferred technical scheme is, in seed breeding step In, the long grain rice varieties from the regional lower limit of plantation or next snow change are planted, and seed are carried out using coating agent Baked seed is preserved after the completion of coating by coating.
In sowing step, sowed by the way of bunch planting：The sown scope of sowing is sowing 8 in 1.6m, each sown scope OK, the distance between adjacent rows are followed successively by 10cm and 30cm, per bunch planting kind 12-15 grain seed.
Further, in sowing step, rice paddy seed is sowed using air-aspiration type precision planter, and simultaneously complete Into side deep fertilizing.
Find that above-mentioned seeding method ensure that paddy rice has preferable growth conditions through applicant's research.
For ensureing demand of the paddy rice in growth course to water, the aerobic of paddy growth process is simultaneously taken account of, preferably Technical scheme be that field management includes irrigation management：Before seed sprouting, it is maximum to keep the water content in field soil The 60-65% of water-holding capacity；After emerging to before tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 65- of maximum water-holding capacity 75%；In tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 70-80% of maximum water-holding capacity.
Further, rice growing season includes tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, full heading time and pustulation period, in tillering stage The water content of field soil is kept for the 60-70% of maximum water-holding capacity；In the water content of jointing-booting stage holding field soil it is The 70-80% of maximum water-holding capacity；The water content of field soil is kept for the 70-80% of maximum water-holding capacity in full heading time, Pustulation period keeps the water content of field soil for the 65-75% of maximum water-holding capacity.
Setting to above-mentioned field soil water content, applicant is mainly it is considered that long-term waterflooding causes soil air Lack, microbial activities is difficult, organic matter decomposition is slow, noxious material increases, so as to cause Root Growth of Rice bad, absorb The reduced capability of nutriment；Between strain, humidity is excessive, easily creates onset condition.
Meet paddy rice each breeding time grow needed for moisture on the premise of, it is not necessary to water layer, make plough horizon Long-time can promote root growth in oxygen-enriched state, improve improving activity of root system, promote early stage tiller growth, colony's percentage of earbearing tiller to carry High；The aeration status of improved soil arable layer can be increased again, strengthen the permeability of soil, promote beneficial microorganism in soil to live The decomposition of dynamic and reproducibility noxious material, improves soil physical and chemical property, promotes well developed root system, strengthen its suction to moisture and nutrient Receipts ability, cultivates healthy and strong plant body, improves rice quality, promotes rice high yield.In addition, the product of underground part root system and Gen Mao Raw, enough moisture is not only needed, with greater need for the mode of sufficient oxygen supply.In order to ensure the supply of moisture and oxygen, long Phase keeps moistening drip irrigation, is conducive to improving water temperature, soil temperature, and the oxygen for having abundance again supplies root growth, and root system development is good, absorbability By force.Promote to prick under root system, prevent from lodging, strengthen the ability of disease and insect resistance.
In each growth and development stage of paddy rice, under conditions of water in field layer long-time is maintained at waterflooding, the oxygen in air is necessary Could be entered by water layer low 10,000 times in soil, but diffusion ratio air of the oxygen in water, as Soil surface water layer hinders aerial oxygen The entrance of gas, in field, topsoil oxygen lacks, and the decomposition for directly affecting organic matter is utilized, and causes root system development bad, Nutrient Absorption Ability.Under the soil environment of long-term waterflooding, increase can reducing substances accumulation, toxic action is produced to rice root.
And in the application, as oxygen in soil content increases, make the poisonous and harmful substance such as first being originally present in soil Alkane, hydrogen sulfide etc. are aoxidized, and content is significantly reduced, and are simultaneously also beneficial to improve the soil moisture.
In addition, enabling the method for the certain water content of soil conservation to reduce the incidence of disease of paddy rice, paddy rice rice using drip irrigation pipe Seasonal febrile diseases, banded sclerotial blight are easily occurred under conditions of hot and humid, the hot and humid sprouting its spread in china beneficial to germ spore, and The application makes humidity in field low by the way of drip irrigation in field, destroys the onset condition of various pathogeny bacterium, and control disease occurs And cause harm, hence it is evident that reduce rice blast and the banded sclerotial blight disease clump incidence of disease and strain (stem) incidence of disease.Plant bulk-growth is healthy and strong simultaneously, strengthens Resistance against diseases.
Compared with basining irrigation, below the face of field, at 5cm, soil temperature improves more than 3 DEG C, also at 1.5 DEG C at 20cm.Drip irrigation does not have the water surface, The soil moisture of the rice root growth temperature higher than rice transplanting paddy field；In addition, between the strain of rice field, day and night temperature can increase under condition of drip irrigation 1-3 DEG C, between strain, air humidity reduces 1-5%, is conducive to rice growth and reduces pest and disease damage and cold wet harm.
Consider that the temperature on cold ground is relatively low, in order to ensure that the normal growth of paddy rice, preferred technical scheme be, in the tiller phase, Irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 15 DEG C；In long ear period, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 17 DEG C；In meiosis Phase, irrigation water enter field temperature more than 18 DEG C, and in productive phase, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 20 DEG C.
For further improving the upgrowth situation of paddy rice, preferred technical scheme is that field management includes fertilizing management：Per mu Apply urea 13-15kg, phosphoric acid diamines 7-9kg and potassium sulfate 6-8kg；Wherein whole Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate and 50% urine Element is applied at seeding time simultaneously, and remaining urea is applied as topdressing with irrigation after planting.
Field management includes that weeding is managed：After planting, closing weeding is carried out using penoxsulam amine aqueous solution；In three leaves Phase, spraying Bentazon solution carries out second weed eradication.
As a kind of paving mode of drip irrigation pipe：A plurality of drip irrigation pipe parallel laid is in the underground away from earth's surface 2-4 centimetre, adjacent The distance of two drip irrigation pipes is 80cm, uniformly begins with the distance between drip irrigation hole, two neighboring drip irrigation hole in the drip irrigation pipe For 20cm.
The every mono- drip irrigation hole of 20cm of drip irrigation pipe, 80cm line-spacings, control area 0.16m2, typically the amount of dripping 1.6 is public per hour Rise, equivalent to rainfall 10mm.
Certainly, also include disease control, below Common Diseases in paddy growth are illustrated.
Rice blast.Can select 45% Prochloraz 600-750ml/hm2Or 40% tricyclazole suspending agent 600-750ml/hm2Or 2% kasugarnycin 1200-1500ml/hm2, air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2；Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/hm2.
Paddy rice sheath maize ear rot.With 40% Prochloraz 600-750ml/hm2Or 25% Prochloraz 1200-1500ml/hm2Or 2% Kasugarnycin 1200-1500ml/hm2Or 70% thiophanate methyl 1500g/hm2Or 50% iprodione (iprodione) suspending agent 1050-1500ml/hm2.Air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2；Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/hm2.
Bacterial brown spot.2% kasugarnycin 1200-1500ml/hm2, or 25% Yekuling wettable powder 2550- 5100g/hm2, or 14% glue amine copper water agent 1875-2550ml/hm2, or 10% chloramphenicol wettable powder 900-1050g/hm2, Or 25% MBAMT 1500-2250g/hm2, or 72% agricultural streptomycin 225-450g/hm2.Air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2； Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/hm2.
Paddy rice brown stain fringe disease.3% polyoxin 1200-1500ml/hm2Or 1.5% polyoxin 2250ml/hm2Or 1.5% polyoxin 1950ml/hm2+ 50% iprodione 1125ml/hm2.Preventing and treating by sheath maize ear rot, bacterial brown spot, brown sheath disease, " brown stain fringe " that purple bar disease etc. causes, applies guarantor in the kasugarnycin 1200ml+25% of Rise's boot period, heading stage, full heading time 2% Gram 900ml/hm2, air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2Mu；Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/hm2.
Rice sheath blight disease.On the basis of diseased plant residuum and sick straw is eliminated, with 24% thifluzamide 375ml/hm2Or 30% love seedling 225-300ml/hm2Mu, air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2；Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/hm2.
Hemintho-sporum leaf spot of rice plants.20% triadimefon (triazolone) wettable powder 1500g/hm2, or 50% carbendazim wettable Pulvis 1500g/hm2, or 50% iprodione (iprodione) suspending agent 1050-1500ml/hm2, air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/hm2； Atomizing sprayer spraying 75 liters/hm of spouting liquid2.Hemintho-sporum leaf spot of rice plants can be prevented and treated by the medicament of preventing and treating rice blast.
Many diseases are simultaneous anti-.Rise's boot period, heading stage, full heading time, from 2% kasugarnycin 1200ml+25% P applied levels 60ml/ mus, air-spraying spouting liquid 20L/ mus；Atomizing sprayer spraying spouting liquid 75L/ mus.This formula can effectively prevent and treat paddy rice rice The diseases such as seasonal febrile diseases, sheath maize ear rot, helminthosporium leaf spot.
The present invention using drip irrigation is live by the way of in cold rice cultivation, by dry land site preparation, precision drilling, side deep fertilizing, The technology such as drip irrigation, water-fertilizer integral are organically combined.Be first turn in the autumn, on the basis of autumn rake, spring levels land；Next to that using gas Suction precision planter is sowed, and laying drip irrigation pipe, sowing, fertilising are synchronously completed；It is according to Rice Growing process, in conjunction with water again Fertile integrated technique carries out drip irrigation, fertilizing management.Finally give a kind of can be in the scheme of cold ground implant mass paddy rice.
With conventional transplant rice transplanting waterflooding rice cultivation compared with, change water site preparation for non-irrigated site preparation or no-tillage, saved substantial amounts of plough, Site preparation water；Change seedling to transplant rice transplanting is that nonirrigated farmland is live, simplifies field operational sequence, reduces production labor, labour intensity Substantially reduce；It is nonirrigated farmland kind rice to change paddy field kind rice, due to keeping water layer, can plant on the nonirrigated farmland for have irrigation conditions Rice, so that widened kind rice scope；Change water layer management for anhydrous layer-management, to meet based on the physiological water requirement of rice strain, make water Utilization rate is significantly improved；As Dry seeded rice does not keep water layer, only carry out moisture management, will not raise level of ground water, seepage compared with Few, the threat without Secondary Saline, soil physical and chemical property are also good than under the state of basining irrigation；Rice seedling is grown under aerobic state, First take root, after emerge, branch root and Gen Maofada, rice strain is anti-fall, drought resisting and resist the ability of some disease pests to strengthen.Soil permeability Good, growth intermediary and later stages soil redox potential is higher, and the rice root vigor retention time is long, is conducive to Grain Filling, thousand Weight is higher.
Specifically, the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the paddy rice in cold region has the advantage that：1st, mu water consumption is 180m3With Under, compared with prior art, can saving water resource 200m3More than, water saving reaches more than 50%；2nd, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, per mu More than 2 kilograms of fertilizer amount can be reduced；3rd, time of infertility no water layer, rice root are flourishing, and blade is salubrious, and growing environment is penetrating, Resistance strengthens, and pest and disease damage is significantly reduced, and can reduce pesticide dosage 5%；4th, change arable land weed community, weeds radix reduces, Malignant weed is easily prevented and treated, it is possible to achieve pesticide science reducing application amount, can reduce herbicide consumption 5%；Earth's surface no water layer, is reduced The discharge of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals to water system, reduces pollution of area source.
To sum up, the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the paddy rice in cold region breaches the limitation of Rice Cropping.Can hills Man Gang, Low-lying easy flood and the relatively deficient area popularizing planting paddy rice of water resource, improve per unit area yield and benefit, provide for Planting household increasing both production and income New approach.
In addition, detect through Ministry of Agriculture's rice and quality of item supervision and inspection center, the live drip irrigation of the paddy rice in cold region The more conventional rice protein content of rice of cultural method production improves 4%, and amylose declines 4.2%, and Taste quality improves 4% is improved, the quality and mouthfeel of rice is greatly improved.Drip irrigation paddy rice day and night temperature is big, dry-matter accumulation is good, quality better.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, present disclosure is further illustrated.It should be appreciated that the enforcement of the present invention is not limited to In the following examples, any pro forma flexible and/or change made by the present invention falls within the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all of part, percentage are unit of weight, and all of equipment and raw material etc. are It is commercially available or the industry is conventional.Method in following embodiments, if no special instructions, is the routine of this area Method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：
A, seed breeding：Long grain rice varieties from the regional lower limit of plantation or next snow change are planted, and are used Coating agent is coated to seed, after the completion of coating is preserved baked seed；
B, site preparation：Ploughed in the fall and raked the soil level, and leveled land in the spring of Second Year；
C, sowing：After leveling land, bunch planting is carried out to rice paddy seed using air-aspiration type precision planter, while completing side depth Fertilising, the sown scope of sowing is that the distance between 8 rows of sowing, adjacent rows are followed successively by 10cm and 30cm in 1.6m, each sown scope, per 12 seeds of bunch planting kind；Drip irrigation pipe is laid while sowing, and using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice Irrigated；
D, field management：Field management includes irrigation management, fertilizing management, weeding management and disease control.
Irrigation management is：Before seed sprouting, the water content in field soil is kept for the 65% of maximum water-holding capacity；? After emerging to before tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 65% of maximum water-holding capacity；In tri-leaf period, field is kept Water content in soil for maximum water-holding capacity 80%；Rice growing season include tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, full heading time and Pustulation period, it is the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity to keep the water content of field soil in tillering stage；Field soil is kept in jointing-booting stage The water content of earth for maximum water-holding capacity 80%；It is maximum water-holding capacity that the water content of field soil is kept in full heading time 70%, the water content for keeping field soil in the watery stage is the 75% of maximum water-holding capacity；Furthermore, it is contemplated that the temperature on cold ground compared with Low, in order to ensure the normal growth of paddy rice, in the tiller phase, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 15 DEG C；In long ear period, irrigate and use Water enters water in field temperature more than 17 DEG C；In meiophase, irrigation water enters field temperature more than 18 DEG C, in productive phase, fills Irrigate and enter water in field temperature more than 20 DEG C with water.
Fertilizing management：Per mu is applied urea 13kg, phosphoric acid diamines 9kg and potassium sulfate 6kg；Wherein whole Diammonium phosphate (DAP), sulphur Sour potassium and 50% urea are simultaneously applied at seeding time, and remaining urea is applied as topdressing with irrigating after planting.
Weeding is managed：After planting, closing weeding is carried out using penoxsulam amine aqueous solution；In tri-leaf period, Bentazon is sprayed Solution carries out second weed eradication.
Disease control：Using said method, preventing and controlling are carried out to Common Diseases in paddy growth.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the paving mode of drip irrigation pipe is：A plurality of drip irrigation pipe parallel laid is away from 4 centimetres of earth's surface Underground, the distance of adjacent two drip irrigation pipes are 80cm, uniformly begin with drip irrigation hole in the drip irrigation pipe, two neighboring drip irrigation hole it Between distance be 20cm.The every mono- drip irrigation hole of 20cm of drip irrigation pipe, 80cm line-spacings, control area 0.16m2, typically drip per hour 1.6 liters of amount, equivalent to rainfall 10mm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：
A, seed breeding：Planted from the long grain rice varieties for planting regional next snow change, and used coating agent Seed is coated, baked seed is preserved after the completion of coating；
B, site preparation：Ploughed in the fall and raked the soil level, and leveled land in the spring of Second Year；
C, sowing：After leveling land, bunch planting is carried out to rice paddy seed using air-aspiration type precision planter, while completing side depth Fertilising, the sown scope of sowing is that the distance between 8 rows of sowing, adjacent rows are followed successively by 10cm and 30cm in 1.6m, each sown scope, per 15 seeds of bunch planting kind；Drip irrigation pipe is laid while sowing, and using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice Irrigated；
D, field management：Field management includes irrigation management, fertilizing management, weeding management and disease control.
Irrigation management is：Before seed sprouting, the water content in field soil is kept for the 60% of maximum water-holding capacity；? After emerging to before tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 75% of maximum water-holding capacity；In tri-leaf period, field is kept Water content in soil for maximum water-holding capacity 70%；Rice growing season include tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, full heading time and Pustulation period, it is the 70% of maximum water-holding capacity to keep the water content of field soil in tillering stage；Field soil is kept in jointing-booting stage The water content of earth for maximum water-holding capacity 70%；It is maximum water-holding capacity that the water content of field soil is kept in full heading time 80%, the water content for keeping field soil in the watery stage is the 65% of maximum water-holding capacity；Furthermore, it is contemplated that the temperature on cold ground compared with Low, in order to ensure the normal growth of paddy rice, in the tiller phase, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 15 DEG C；In long ear period, irrigate and use Water enters water in field temperature more than 17 DEG C；In meiophase, irrigation water enters field temperature more than 18 DEG C, in productive phase, fills Irrigate and enter water in field temperature more than 20 DEG C with water.
Fertilizing management：Per mu is applied urea 15kg, phosphoric acid diamines 7kg and potassium sulfate 8kg；Wherein whole Diammonium phosphate (DAP), sulphur Sour potassium and 50% urea are simultaneously applied at seeding time, and remaining urea is applied as topdressing with irrigating after planting.
Weeding is managed：After planting, closing weeding is carried out using penoxsulam amine aqueous solution；In tri-leaf period, Bentazon is sprayed Solution carries out second weed eradication.
Disease control：Using said method, preventing and controlling are carried out to Common Diseases in paddy growth.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the paving mode of drip irrigation pipe is：A plurality of drip irrigation pipe parallel laid is away from 2 centimetres of earth's surface Underground, the distance of adjacent two drip irrigation pipes are 80cm, uniformly begin with drip irrigation hole in the drip irrigation pipe, two neighboring drip irrigation hole it Between distance be 20cm.The every mono- drip irrigation hole of 20cm of drip irrigation pipe, 80cm line-spacings, control area 0.16m2, typically drip per hour 1.6 liters of amount, equivalent to rainfall 10mm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：
A, seed breeding：Long grain rice varieties from the regional lower limit of plantation are planted, and using coating agent to seed It is coated, baked seed is preserved after the completion of coating；
B, site preparation：Ploughed in the fall and raked the soil level, and leveled land in the spring of Second Year；
C, sowing：After leveling land, bunch planting is carried out to rice paddy seed using air-aspiration type precision planter, while completing side depth Fertilising, the sown scope of sowing is that the distance between 8 rows of sowing, adjacent rows are followed successively by 10cm and 30cm in 1.6m, each sown scope, per 14 seeds of bunch planting kind；Drip irrigation pipe is laid while sowing, and using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice Irrigated；
D, field management：Field management includes irrigation management, fertilizing management, weeding management and disease control.
Irrigation management is：Before seed sprouting, the water content in field soil is kept for the 62% of maximum water-holding capacity；? After emerging to before tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 70% of maximum water-holding capacity；In tri-leaf period, field is kept Water content in soil for maximum water-holding capacity 75%；Rice growing season include tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, full heading time and Pustulation period, it is the 65% of maximum water-holding capacity to keep the water content of field soil in tillering stage；Field soil is kept in jointing-booting stage The water content of earth for maximum water-holding capacity 75%；It is maximum water-holding capacity that the water content of field soil is kept in full heading time 75%, the water content for keeping field soil in the watery stage is the 70% of maximum water-holding capacity；Furthermore, it is contemplated that the temperature on cold ground compared with Low, in order to ensure the normal growth of paddy rice, in the tiller phase, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 15 DEG C；In long ear period, irrigate and use Water enters water in field temperature more than 17 DEG C；In meiophase, irrigation water enters field temperature more than 18 DEG C, in productive phase, fills Irrigate and enter water in field temperature more than 20 DEG C with water.
Fertilizing management：Per mu is applied urea 14kg, phosphoric acid diamines 8kg and potassium sulfate 7kg；Wherein whole Diammonium phosphate (DAP), sulphur Sour potassium and 50% urea are simultaneously applied at seeding time, and remaining urea is applied as topdressing with irrigating after planting.
Weeding is managed：After planting, closing weeding is carried out using penoxsulam amine aqueous solution；In tri-leaf period, Bentazon is sprayed Solution carries out second weed eradication.
Disease control：Using said method, preventing and controlling are carried out to Common Diseases in paddy growth.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the paving mode of drip irrigation pipe is：A plurality of drip irrigation pipe parallel laid is away from 3 centimetres of earth's surface Underground, the distance of adjacent two drip irrigation pipes are 80cm, uniformly begin with drip irrigation hole in the drip irrigation pipe, two neighboring drip irrigation hole it Between distance be 20cm.The every mono- drip irrigation hole of 20cm of drip irrigation pipe, 80cm line-spacings, control area 0.16m2, typically drip per hour 1.6 liters of amount, equivalent to rainfall 10mm.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment, is from 2013-2015, on the experimental plot of 8511 farm the same terms of Heilongjiang Province, makes respectively With prior art maize planting and the comparing result using the method rice cultivation in embodiment 3.Average result such as following table：
Table 1：Maize planting and drip irrigation rice cultivation benefit comparison table (unit：Kg or unit)
Crop Per mu yield Unit price Per mu yield value Direct cost Mu benefit New output value New returns
Corn 600 1.5 975 799.7 175.3
Paddy rice 560 3.4 1900 916 984 925 808.7
Table 2：Drip irrigation rice cultivation cultivates cost statement
Table 3：Maize planting cultivates cost statement
From upper table, it can be seen that using the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region of the present invention, significantly can carry High economic benefit, with very high economic promotional value.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is the quality of rice detection to the paddy rice that embodiment 3 is obtained, and using the detection method of industry universal, passes through Ministry of Agriculture's rice and the detection of quality of item supervision and inspection center, the live drip irrigation cultivation method production of the paddy rice in cold region big The more conventional rice protein content of rice improves 4%, and amylose declines 4.2%, and Taste quality improves raising 4%, greatly improves The quality and mouthfeel of rice.Illustrate using the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region of the present invention, can obtain quality compared with Good rice, with preferable promotional value.
It should be noted last that, above example is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme to be described, although ginseng The present invention has been described in detail according to preferred embodiment, be should be understood that the foregoing is only the present invention be embodied as Mode, the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done any repair Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region, comprises the following steps：Seed breeding, site preparation, sowing and field management, Characterized in that, in site preparation step, being ploughed in the fall and being raked the soil level, and level land in the spring of Second Year；In sowing While lay drip irrigation pipe, and irrigated using the drip irrigation pipe in the whole growth cycle of paddy rice.
2. the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in seed breeding step In, the long grain rice varieties from the regional lower limit of plantation or next snow change are planted, and seed are carried out using coating agent Baked seed is preserved after the completion of coating by coating.
3. the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in sowing step, adopt Sowed with the mode of bunch planting：The sown scope of sowing is 1.6m, in each sown scope the distance between 8 rows of sowing, adjacent rows according to Secondary for 10cm and 30cm, per bunch planting kind 12-15 grain seed.
4. the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in sowing step, make Rice paddy seed is sowed with air-aspiration type precision planter, and complete side deep fertilizing simultaneously.
5. according to the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the arbitrary described paddy rice in cold region of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that field management bag Include irrigation management：Before seed sprouting, the water content in field soil is kept for the 60-65% of maximum water-holding capacity；Emerging Afterwards to before tri-leaf period, the water content in field soil is kept for the 65-75% of maximum water-holding capacity；In tri-leaf period, field is kept 70-80% of the water content in soil for maximum water-holding capacity.
6. the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region according to claim 5, it is characterised in that rice growing season includes point Tiller phase, jointing-booting stage, full heading time and pustulation period, it is maximum water-holding capacity to keep the water content of field soil in tillering stage 60-70%；The water content of field soil is kept for the 70-80% of maximum water-holding capacity in jointing-booting stage；Protect in full heading time The 70-80% of the water content for maximum water-holding capacity of field soil is held, keeps the water content of field soil to hold for maximum in the watery stage The 65-75% of the water yield.
7. the live drip irrigation cultivation method of paddy rice in cold region according to claim 5, it is characterised in that in tiller phase, irrigation water Enter water in field temperature more than 15 DEG C；In long ear period, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 17 DEG C；In meiophase, irrigate Enter field temperature more than 18 DEG C with water, in productive phase, irrigation water enters water in field temperature more than 20 DEG C.
8. according to the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the arbitrary described paddy rice in cold region of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that field management bag Include fertilizing management：Per mu is applied urea 13-15kg, phosphoric acid diamines 7-9kg and potassium sulfate 6-8kg；Wherein whole Diammonium phosphate (DAP), sulphur Sour potassium and 50% urea are simultaneously applied at seeding time, and remaining urea is applied as topdressing with irrigating after planting.
9. according to the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the arbitrary described paddy rice in cold region of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that field management bag Include weeding management：After planting, closing weeding is carried out using penoxsulam amine aqueous solution；In tri-leaf period, spray Bentazon solution and enter Second weed eradication of row.
10. according to the live drip irrigation cultivation method of the arbitrary described paddy rice in cold region of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that a plurality of drip irrigation In the underground away from earth's surface 2-4 centimetre, the distance of adjacent two drip irrigation pipes is 80cm to pipe parallel laid, uniformly opens in the drip irrigation pipe Begin to have the distance between drip irrigation hole, two neighboring drip irrigation hole for 20cm.
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CN110731243A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-01-31 济南启源信息科技有限公司 direct sowing dry rice cultivation method for effectively preventing cold damage at low temperature
CN111053006A (en) * 2019-12-29 2020-04-24 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Green planting method for rice

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