JP6515229B1 - Sowing method of rice no-tillage dry field V ditch direct seeding cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a sowing method for rice no-tillage dry-field V-groove direct sowing cultivation capable of expanding the yield of rice using underground irrigation using a culvert drainage pipe. SOLUTION: A direct seeding machine is used to form a seeding groove 16 having a V-shaped cross section in a paddy field 12 capable of underground irrigation 10 using a culvert drainage pipe 10a, and to simultaneously seed and fertilize rice seed and fertilizer to the seeding groove 16 Sowing method of rice non-tillage dry-field V groove direct sowing which is formed by making the sowing groove 16a in the longitudinal direction and the sowing groove 16b in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the paddy field 12 in the rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct seeding cultivation. [Selected figure] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a sowing method for rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation.

There are two types of cultivation of rice: transplanting cultivation for nursery and rice planting, and direct sowing cultivation for directly sowing seed meal in the paddy field.
In recent years, the rice non-tillage dry-field V-groove direct-sowing cultivation has been attracting attention, which uses a direct-seeding machine to cut the V-shaped ditch in the vertical direction of dry paddy (dry) and directly sow seed meal and fertilizer simultaneously. ing. In the case of rice no-tillage dry-field V groove direct sowing cultivation, it is scraped with autumn tillage or thaw water, dried and consolidated, and sown. Farming work can be simplified because there is no seedling or rice planting in spring. Working time is about 6 to 7 hours per 10a, which is 30 to 40% less than transplanting cultivation (about 10 hours working time). In addition, it is known that the emergence and seedling establishment are stable, and the yield of rice is almost the same as that of transplanting culture. With the aging of rice farmers and the expansion of large-scale agriculture, it is thought that direct cultivation with no-tillage and dry-field V-groove direct sowing will be further expanded.

The expansion of rice yield (high yield) in rice cultivation has always been a challenge.
In the past, a large amount of fertilizer was used to increase the yield of rice. However, when raising the yield of rice by using a large amount of fertilizer, if the yield exceeds 550 kg to 600 kg per 10 a, there is a problem that the quality and taste deteriorate and the protein also increases.

  In order to solve the said subject, the heating apparatus used for the direct-seeding rice farming method which sows and irrigates the dry field which performed land preparation is provided (for example, patent document 1).

  In the direct seeding rice farming method using the heating device of Patent Document 1, in the direct seeding rice farming method for sowing and irrigating dry land subjected to land preparation, a heating device for heating the irrigation water to at least one of the irrigation water supply source and the irrigation point is used. It is provided, and a water gate communicating with a canal is provided at a position opposite to the irrigation point across a field. According to the direct seeding paddy rice farming method, warm water can be discharged from the heating device to the field which performs direct seeding rice, the temperature of the field water can be raised, and the time (days) required for sprouting and raising seedlings is shortened and oxygen deficiency It is possible to minimize the use of pesticides conventionally used to eliminate or promote growth. In addition, the yield of rice can be reliably and steadily increased.

JP-A-11-103699

  According to the direct seeded rice farming method of Patent Document 1, a heating device for heating irrigation water is provided to the fields in addition to dark culverts. Installing a new heating device in the field is costly and could be a burden on agricultural management.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned fault, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sowing method for rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation which can expand rice yield using underground irrigation using a culvert drainage pipe.

  In the present invention, the seeding method of paddy rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct sowing cultivation forms a seeding ditch with a V-shaped ditch cross section in a paddy field where underground irrigation using a culvert drainage pipe is possible, and rice seed and fertilizer in the ditch At the same time, in the case of rice non-tillage dry-field V-groove direct-seeding cultivation performed using a direct-seeding machine for seeding and fertilizing, the seeding groove in the longitudinal direction and the seeding groove in the lateral direction are formed orthogonal to each other in the paddy field.

  In addition, after forming a sowing groove in the lateral direction of the paddy field and simultaneously sowing a small amount of the appropriate sowing amount of paddy rice seeds to be sown all over the paddy field, forming a sowing groove in the longitudinal direction of the paddy field and the remaining paddy rice seeds together with fertilizer It is intended to sow and fertilize.

Since the sowing method of the paddy rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation of the present invention does not install a heating device, it realizes the expansion of yield using existing underground irrigation without adding new cost. It is a thing.
In addition, dense planting can be avoided by dispersing the appropriate sowing amount of rice seeds sown in the paddy field in the longitudinal and lateral sowing grooves of the paddy field and sowing. As a result, it is possible to apply more sunlight to rice as compared with conventional dry rice cultivation in which only seeding grooves are sown in the vertical direction, and since it is possible to reduce the loss of nutrients among rice, the yield is increased by appropriate fertilization. can do. In the conventional cultivation method, a large amount of fertilizer was used to improve the taste and quality of rice, but in the present invention, it is possible to produce rice with low protein and high taste and quality with a proper amount of fertilizer. Furthermore, since it is possible to space rice seeds to be sown, initial tilling is sufficiently performed, and stable production can be achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows an example of embodiment of the sowing method of the rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation of this invention. It is a figure showing the sowing ditch of the paddy field after sowing in a paddy field.

  The present invention makes it possible to realize high yield by using existing underground irrigation.

The sowing method of the rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of an embodiment of a sowing method of paddy rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sowing groove after sowing in a paddy field, FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a sowing groove in the longitudinal direction after conventional sowing, and FIG. 2B is a longitudinal direction after sowing in the paddy field of FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a sowing groove in the direction, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a sowing groove in the lateral direction after sowing in the paddy field of FIG. In FIG. 2 (1)-(3), a figure (a) is sectional drawing of a sowing groove, and a figure (b) is a top view of a sowing groove.
In the present application, the sowing groove in the longitudinal direction is formed in the paddy field facing the road and perpendicular to the road. The sowing groove in the lateral direction is formed in parallel to the road in the paddy field facing the road. The longitudinal sowing groove and the lateral sowing groove are orthogonal to each other in the paddy field.

The sowing method of paddy rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct sowing cultivation of the present invention is a sown ditch whose groove section is V-shaped (hereinafter referred to as "V ditch" in the present application) in a paddy field where underground irrigation using underground drainage is possible. In the case of rice non-tillage dry-field V-groove direct-seeding cultivation performed using a direct-seeding machine that simultaneously sows and fertilizes rice seed (籾) and fertilizer in its V groove, vertical sowing grooves and lateral sowing grooves They are formed at right angles.
The paddy rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct sowing cultivation of the present invention is performed in the paddy field 12 in which the underground irrigation 10 is possible (FIG. 1). Underground irrigation 10 using culvert drainage pipe 10a is buried in the cultivation area (paddy field 12) by connecting the upstream part of culvert drainage pipe 10a to irrigation channel 14 and injecting irrigation water 14a into culvert drainage pipe 10a. It is known to raise the groundwater level by capillary action through the culvert drainage pipe 10a with small holes and to supply water to the soil layer, i.e., the rice seed (mochi) 18 (FIG. 2) in the sowing groove 16 to enable field conversion. Irrigation system. The downstream portion of the culvert drainage pipe 10 a is in communication with the drainage channel 20.

In addition, in the agricultural method using the above-mentioned underground irrigation 10, since the optimal quantity of water required for germination is supplied from the underground, uniform germination comes out quickly and uniformly. When it is heavy rain, it can be drained in a short time, so it is possible to prevent excessive humidity over a long period of time, and poor germination does not occur. Therefore, according to the farming method using the underground irrigation 10, it is possible to stably produce rice of good quality and good taste.
In addition, it is known that the farming method using the underground irrigation 10 is effective for the stabilization of crop yield, quality improvement, avoidance of continuous crop failure, reduction of agricultural chemicals, and the like.

V-groove direct sowing of paddy rice no-tillage dry-field V groove of the present invention is performed using a known direct-sowing machine which forms V-groove 16 in paddy field (dry field) 12 and sows rice seed 18 and fertilizer 22 simultaneously in V-groove 16 So-called no-tillage V-groove direct-seeding, which is also called rice cultivation (Fig. 2), can save labor in farming and is excellent in lodging resistance.
The above-mentioned direct seeding machine forms V-grooves 16 having a width of 2 cm and a depth of 5 cm in the paddy field 12. By sowing in the V groove 16, stable seedling establishment and growth can be obtained, and bird damage (food damage such as duck, crow, sparrow etc.) can also be avoided.
Further, even if the V groove 16 is flooded, the water in the V groove 16 can be drained by the underground irrigation 10.

In the conventional non-tillage direct sowing cultivation of rice by direct V-groove seeding, only V-grooves 16a in the longitudinal direction were formed in the paddy field (dry field) 12 (FIG. 2 (1)). According to the present invention, V-grooves 16a in the longitudinal direction and V-grooves 16b in the transverse direction orthogonal to the V-grooves 16a are provided in the paddy field (dry field) 12 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (2), (3)). . Further, the present invention is based on the underground irrigated farming method, and since water can be supplied to both the vertical and horizontal V-grooves 16a and 16b, the conventional paddy rice which forms the V-groove 16a only in the vertical direction is formed. Compared to no-tillage dry-field direct-sowing cultivation, high yield can be achieved.
As mentioned above, according to the sowing method of paddy rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct seeding cultivation of the present invention, unlike the conventional farming method which installs a heating device, existing underground irrigation is used without applying new cost. , To achieve an increase in yield.

The seeding fertilization in the present invention is first seeded in the lateral V groove 16b. Of the appropriate sowing amount (6 to 10 kg per 10a) of rice seed, a small amount of the appropriate sowing amount is sown on the V groove 16b in the lateral direction, and fertilizer is not applied to the V groove 16b in the lateral direction (FIG. 3)). For example, in the conventional sowing method of forming only V-grooves 16a in the longitudinal direction, the V-grooves 16a are seeded with 60 grains per 1 m. On the other hand, in the sowing method of the present invention, after sowing 10 to 20 grains per 1 m into the V groove 16b in the lateral direction, 40 to 50 grains per 1 m are sowed and fertilized with fertilizer in the V groove 16a in the longitudinal direction.
By dispersing the appropriate sowing amount of rice seeds sown in the paddy field in the longitudinal and lateral sowing grooves of the paddy field and sowing, dense planting can be avoided, and sowing of rice planted in the conventional longitudinal direction sowing only Compared to cultivation, sunlight can be applied to rice, and the nutrient competition between rice can be reduced, so that the yield can be expanded with appropriate fertilization. In the conventional cultivation method, a large amount of fertilizer was used to improve the taste and quality of rice, but in the present invention, it is possible to produce rice with low protein and high taste and quality with a proper amount of fertilizer.
Furthermore, since it is possible to space rice seeds to be sown, initial tilling is sufficiently performed. The number of stems in the early stage of tillering is related to the yield. By securing effective tillers early, the occurrence of ineffective tillers can be suppressed and stable production can be achieved. In addition, when the number of ineffective tillers increases, it becomes excessive and may cause the occurrence of lodging and diseases, and the taste may also be reduced.

(Test example)
In the cultivation zone where the previous crop is soybean, the rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct sowing cultivation of the present invention was performed.
We used snowmelt water in March and plowed, and we performed leveling, land preparation of cultivation zone (sowing bed making). Moreover, in the case of the combination of annual annual crop rotation of a field like this test example, it is possible to reduce the weed soil seed amount of the field by this puddling.
It was made dry by underground irrigation in late April to early May (making dry). In mid-May, seeds were sown in a dry field using a 10-row (2 m working width) no-tillage V-groove direct-sowing machine (no-tillage V-groove direct sowing). The seeding rate is 7 kg per 10 a and after 2 kg are seeded in the lateral V groove 16 b (FIG. 2 (3)). Fertilizer was applied at the same time as 5 kg was seeded in the longitudinal V groove 16a (FIG. 2 (2)).
After sowing, it sprouted in June and heading in August. We reaped in October.
The above-mentioned no-tillage V-groove direct-sowing machine includes a seed hopper / fertilizer hopper, a guide pipe for delivering a predetermined amount of seeds / fertilizer discharged from each hopper onto the field, and V below the discharge port of the guide pipe. It is a tractor equipped with a known seeding machine including a grooved wheel forming a seeding groove (V groove) and a soil covering chain covered with seeds and fertilizers sown in the seed groove (V groove).

(yield)
The sowing method of paddy rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation of the present invention has a deeper sowing depth than other direct sowing cultivation, has fertilizer resistance, and has been able to grow rice which is resistant to lodging. In addition, there were few ineffective tillers, and the mochi length was uniform and ripening was good.
By competing and seeding 7 kg per 10 a seeding amount with 5 kg in the longitudinal seeding groove 16 a and 2 kg in the lateral seeding groove 16 b, the competition of dense planting can be reduced, and the number of stems / grain number (1 square meter (40,000 to 50,000 particles) could be secured. In addition, it was possible to harvest good quality rice with good taste.
The yield of rice by conventional dry field direct seeding (direct seeding only in the longitudinal direction) did not exceed 600 kg / 10 a, however, in the present invention, a yield of 600 kg per 10 a was obtained under poor conditions. Under good conditions, a yield of 750 kg could be obtained.

The yield results of the test cultivation were as follows.
(A) Comparative Example In conventional dry rice direct seeding, the yield was 560 kg / 10 a, and 35 kg of the yield was scrap rice.
(B) Test Example In the present invention (Test Example), the yield was 755 kg / 10 a, and 28 kg of the yield was waste rice. In addition, the weight of one thousand grains (the degree of fruiting) was 23 to 25 g, and the fruiting was good compared to 21 to 22 g of transplanting cultivation. The taste value of the harvested rice was 80.
As mentioned above, V-grooves (seeding grooves) to be seeded and fertilized using the existing underground irrigation are formed in the horizontal direction by making the vertical direction of the paddy field be perpendicular to that and the no-tillage dry-field V groove direct sowing cultivation of the present invention It turned out that a lot of quality rice can be harvested.

In the future, high quality, increased yield, and cost reduction are required for both rice and converted crops (field crops such as soybeans, green onions, and garlic). In the above-mentioned test example, the rice was grown by rotation in the soybean rotation area, but the amount of the fertilizer was smaller than the amount of fertilizer in the continuous cultivation area of rice, and the harvest was more than conventional dry rice direct seeding. It has been found that rice cultivation in a soybean converted area can reduce fertilizer. In addition, when soybeans were grown by rotation in paddy rice cropland, the yield of soybeans also increased.
In the combination by annual crop rotation (especially in combination with bean crops), the root zone is deepened and cropping is greatly increased because the roots of the crop are deep. If the roots of the crop are deep and wide, it is possible to grow crops that are resistant to weather fluctuations such as strong winds, low temperatures and drought. In addition, changes in the soil environment activate the action of microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, which also has a positive effect on soil formation.
Therefore, the paddy rice non-tillage dry field V ditch direct seeding cultivation of the present invention, which is an irrigation system that enables rice field conversion, may improve the quality, increase the yield, and reduce the cost by reducing fertilization in both rice and cropping crops. It is a certain thing.

10 underground irrigation 10a culvert drainage pipe 12 paddy field 16, 16a, 16b sowing groove 18 rice seed 22 fertilizer

Claims (2)

Paddy rice non-tillage V-groove using a direct-seeding machine that forms a seeding ditch with a V-shaped ditch cross section in a paddy field where underground irrigation using underground drainage pipes is possible and seeding and fertilizing rice seed and fertilizer simultaneously on the seeding ditch In the direct sowing culture, a sowing method for rice non-tillage dry field V groove direct sowing cultivation characterized by forming a sowing groove in the longitudinal direction and a sowing groove in the lateral direction at right angles to a paddy field. After sowing grooves in the lateral direction of the paddy field and simultaneously sowing a small amount of the appropriate sowing amount of paddy rice seeds to be sown all over the paddy field, forming sowing grooves in the longitudinal direction of the paddy field and sowing the remaining paddy rice seeds with fertilizer 2. A method of sowing a rice according to claim 1, wherein the direct cultivation with no-tillage dry-field V groove is performed.

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