JPH02200125A - Non-tilled cropping of paddy field - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To harvest high-quality rice in high yield with reduction of labor without tilling and raking by tilling and crushing soil between old roots of dried paddy field and cultivating paddy rice plant by direct sowing or transplanting seedling. CONSTITUTION:Dried paddy fields are directly used as they are or shallowly flooded, neither tilled nor raked, soil between old roots is tilled and crushed in a stripe, hole or channel state and paddy rice plant is cultivated by direct sowing or transplanting seedling.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is directed to cultivating paddy rice by sowing seeds or transplanting seedlings in the current paddy fields in a dry state without plowing or puddling. Concerning no-till cultivation methods.

[Conventional technology]

The 2,000-year history of rice cultivation in Japan includes:
Although no-till cultivation is not often seen, there is evidence that no-till direct seeding in dry rice fields became popular in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions in the 1950s, but many people overlooked its superior advantages and were swept away by the current boom in rice transplanters. It's only stopping its traces now.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Throughout the long history of rice cultivation, the idea of directly sowing rice or transplanting seedlings into uncultivated paddy fields was a far-fetched idea, but in reality, it is expected to have wonderful and innovative effects. Through rice cultivation research, we are pursuing low-cost, high-yield technology, with the aim of significantly reducing labor, making it easier to obtain high-quality, high-yield conditions, and expanding the scale of business. .

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the no-tillage cultivation method of paddy fields of the present invention becomes possible only by the rice cultivation technology described below.

In other words, (1) Fertilization management system. It is a special method of applying fertilizer that mixes it into running water from the ridges without entering the field. This system greatly reduces the labor and time of fertilizer application. This makes it possible to save labor by saving a lot of money and increase yields, leading to cost reductions.

In this pour-in fertilization management, the amount of fertilizer applied is the same as in conventional rice cultivation or slightly increased, but it is possible to easily apply the required amount of fertilizer at the required time according to the growth conditions of the rice, weather conditions, etc.

Furthermore, since the pouring method allows for uniform fertilization, the rice grows approximately evenly, making it easy to harvest with rice harvesters and combine harvesters.

Furthermore, since the roots of rice are strong, root rot does not occur, so not only does the fall fall occur, but there is almost no lodging of the rice.

Next, among the approximately 800 areas in the Akita, Yamagata, Ibaraki, and Chiba areas where fertilizer pouring and cultivation management is currently practiced, the conventional standard working hours in the Yamagata area and the work time plan based on books and fertilizer management will be explained. The comparative labor savings are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Next, if we specifically analyze and explain Table 1 above, the working time for rice cultivation nationwide is roughly the same, around 55 hours, but if this is changed to the no-till cultivation method according to the present invention, , a) Item 2 Honda Kouki's 4.4) f becomes 0, b)
The weeding in item 6 will cause almost no grass to appear within 3 to 4 years, and the result will be -. C) The rice harvesting in item 9 will maintain the best ground for combine harvesting, resulting in -.

As a result, the no-till cultivation method of the present invention showed that the no-till cultivation method of the present invention
It can save you half an hour and a half.

(2) Seedling management system As can be seen in Table 1, the no-till cultivation method of the present invention allows high-performance seedlings for ultra-high yields to be produced in large quantities, reliably, with low labor, and at low labor costs in automatic seedling factories. It is possible to grow high-quality seedlings at a low cost.

(3) No-tillage cultivation system Currently, rice cultivation in Japan is cultivated in the fall, in the spring, and by plowing.
The seedlings are transplanted to a place where the mud has been thoroughly muddy through four steps of plowing, and several devices have been used to settle the mud.

This method is widely used even in the Asian monsoon region. In other words, the purpose of tillage is mainly to have a soft soil effect and a weed control effect. decomposition is slow. By cultivating it, sufficient oxygen is provided, changing the world from an anaerobic bacter world to an aerobic bacter world, and decomposition progresses all at once, bringing out the fertility of the soil and stabilizing the growth of rice.

The decomposed nutrients, known as the soft soil effect, are absorbed by the rice plants, and what remains is deposited on the tiller.

The nutrients that were deposited during the next year's tilling float to the surface, making the soil nutrients uniform and stabilizing the growth of rice.

(b) Weeding effect: Tilling was an effective means of weeding in the long era when there were no herbicides and weeding was hard work.

(c) The puddling effect is for the above-mentioned weeding effect and ease of planting seedlings, and in the days of hand-planting, the ground was hard and hard to touch with your fingertips, so soft conditions were necessary.

The origins of rice cultivation began in highly humid fields due to water availability.
As the field expanded to dry fields, the number of tilling and crushing operations increased, but now machines are used to plow and crush the soil at the same time, so the number of plowing and crushing operations has decreased.

However, in the no-tillage cultivation method of rice fields according to the present invention,
By adopting the above-mentioned fertilization management and seedling raising management, it is possible to save labor and increase yields even more than conventional seedling cultivation by direct sowing in dry fields or transplanting seedlings. It is.

The realization of a dedicated transplanter for use in no-till cultivation methods is
Although it is currently in the prototype stage, its effects can be fully expected from the examples described below.

〔Example〕

In the dry rice field, the rice field looks like it has lumps, and it's just like that.
Shallow flooding, plowing and crushing the soil in lines, holes, or furrows between old plants (cut plants) and transplanting.

The following explanation will be based on one drawing: 0) Streak type As shown in Fig. 1, due to the rotation of the disc-shaped blade, there is a constant depth and constant width (upper part) between the old stock 1 and the old stock l. This involves cutting a muscle 2 and transplanting it into the groove.
Corrugator muscle 2 is approximately 1.8cm to approximately 2cIM in width and approximately 10af in depth.
It should be about 1.

(b) Hole-shaped as shown in Figure 2, holes 3 are formed at regular intervals between two old Inuda plants 1 with a punch-like circular, square, or polygonal blade, and holes 3 are formed in the hole 3. The diameter of the hole 3 is preferably about 1.8 cm and the depth is about 23 cm.

(c) Groove-shaped groove As shown in Figure 3, a rotary blade or a claw-shaped blade is rotated to form a groove 4 between the old plant 1 and the old plant l, and the groove 4 has a width of about 5 am and a depth. Approximately 5 incisions are made, and the graft is implanted into the formed groove 4.

The shapes 0) to ti above should be selected depending on the topography and site conditions.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The no-tillage cultivation method of rice fields according to the present invention produces the effects described below.

(1) Under long-term flooding conditions, no-till paddy soil is soft up to 5c111 below the ground surface. However, reaping 97~
If you let the water fall before harvest, the soil will harden even in abnormal weather like in 1963, and there will be no place where the combine harvester can get into. This suggests that there is no need for mid-drying or intermittent watering, and cultivation is possible under constant watering conditions, and that this has an important effect on ripening and taste.

(2) After 3 to 4 years, there will be fewer seeds of weeds on the surface, including spring grass, and weeds will gradually disappear.

(3) In the no-till cultivation method, humus decomposes slowly, and the surface layer of the soil that accumulates year after year always appears blue with green algae.

(4) The arrival to work was about 3 days earlier, and the ripening time was about 5 days earlier.

(5) The hardness of the stem was so strong that it seemed to be abnormal.

(6) The roots were thicker and had more branching mechanisms than those of ordinary seeds, and the calibration was 2 to 3 times higher.

(7) It has been proven that the branch stalks are alive and will never fall off in the fall even in abnormal weather such as in 1963 (Chiba region).

(8) Yields were found to be 100 to 200 kg higher in some areas than in the target areas.

From the above, it is possible to cultivate the soil in paddy fields by the no-till cultivation method of the present invention, rather than by adding compost or soil conditioners.
It is effective in saving labor as well as producing high yields of high-quality rice.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a striped rice field used in the no-till cultivation method for paddy fields (dry rice fields) of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the hole-shaped one, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the groove-shaped one, and Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 5. It is a diagram. 1...Old stock (cut stock) 2...Stripe, 3...Hole, ...Groove.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Without plowing or plowing, the dry fields are left as is or shallowly flooded with water, and lines, holes, or 1. A no-till cultivation method for paddy fields, which comprises plowing and crushing soil in the form of furrows, and directly sowing seeds or transplanting and cultivating seedlings in the streaks, holes, or furrows.