CN111374000A - Corn cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN111374000A CN111374000A CN202010285853.XA CN202010285853A CN111374000A CN 111374000 A CN111374000 A CN 111374000A CN 202010285853 A CN202010285853 A CN 202010285853A CN 111374000 A CN111374000 A CN 111374000A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corn cultivation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance; (2) land preparation: cleaning a planting area, removing weeds, stones and impurities, adjusting the pH value of soil, ploughing the land and draining ditches; (3) ditching and earthing: the line spacing is configured by adopting wide lines and narrow lines at intervals, decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of a field block, uniformly spread into furrows, covered with loam and compacted; (4) precision seeding: sowing corn seeds in a mode of double rows, wide holes and double grains at the inner sides of two ridges, and treading the soil after sowing; (5) field management: comprises seedling stage field management, ear stage field management and flowering stage field management. The invention increases the distance, ventilates and transmits light; moisture is preserved and moisture is increased to realize full seedling; the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and strong plants are realized; is particularly suitable for northeast areas; realizes the whole process mechanization and achieves the purposes of saving labor, fertilizer, water and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product planting, in particular to a cultivation method of corn.
Background
Corn is an important food crop and feed crop and is the crop with the highest overall yield all over the world, and the planting area and the overall yield are next to those of rice and wheat. Because the corn contains rich protein, fat, vitamin, trace elements and cellulose, the corn is known as a long-life food and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function foods.
The planting distribution area in China is vast, the annual total yield is large, and the yield of common corns in China in 2013 reaches 21500 ten thousand tons. The northeast region is a vast region and is the biggest main production region of corn, but the northeast region has severe climatic conditions, and the corn can catch up with the high emergence period of drought during planting, and once drought occurs, the planted corn has the phenomena of slow root growth, fruit setting failure and the like due to water shortage, so that the annual yield of the corn is directly influenced, particularly in the northeast mountain region, the water supply difficulty is large, and the influence on the corn yield is larger.
In recent years, the production of corn is highly efficient, light-cultivated and the increase pressure per unit yield is large. In order to pursue stable yield and increased yield of corn, farmers apply more fertilizers on unit land, and some lands are hardened; meanwhile, the simple fertilization method has the defects of unskilled fertilizer proportioning, increased pest and disease damage and reduced resistance due to uneven quality. The early and later growth stages of the corn are easily affected by low temperature, the resistance of the plants is poor, and the freezing injury is easy to occur.
Therefore, how to improve the current corn cultivation method to increase the corn yield is a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a corn cultivation method, which greatly improves the corn yield by improving the existing corn cultivation method, and is particularly suitable for northeast regions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method of corn specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance;
(2) land preparation: cleaning a planting area, removing weeds, stones and impurities, adjusting the pH value of soil, ploughing the land and draining ditches;
(3) ditching and earthing: the row spacing is configured by adopting wide rows and narrow rows at intervals, the width of the wide rows is 85-95 cm, the width of the narrow rows is 25-35 cm, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of a field block and 150-200 kg/hm2Uniformly spreading the soil into furrows, covering and compacting the loam, wherein the covering thickness is 4-5 cm;
(4) precision seeding: sowing corn seeds by adopting a double-row wide-narrow-hole double-grain mode on the inner sides of two ridges, wherein the wide hole distance of two adjacent holes is 60-70 cm, the narrow hole distance is 30-35 cm, 2 corn seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-6 cm, and the soil is compacted after sowing;
(5) field management: comprises seedling stage field management, ear stage field management and flowering stage field management.
Further, in the step (1), healthy, full and viable corn grains are selected as seeds.
The method has the further beneficial effect that the growth quality of the corn is ensured by selecting healthy, full and viable corn seeds as seeds.
Further, in the step (2), loam or sandy loam which is convenient to drain and irrigate and has moderate or more fertility is selected as a planting area.
Further, in the step (2), the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6-8.
Further, in the step (2), the drain ditch is opened by the following specific operations: longitudinal ditches are dug from high to low along the terrain of the planting area, then transverse ditches are dug along the horizontal direction, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 8-10 m, the distance between every two adjacent transverse ditches is 4-6 m, and the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches form a grid structure.
The method has the advantages that the planting conditions of the corn are controlled from the source to ensure the stability of the growing environment of the corn, the pH value of the soil is controlled before the seeds are sown, a latticed ditch structure is adopted according to the particularity of the mountainous terrain, the convenience of water delivery is ensured, meanwhile, the full utilization of soil water resources is also ensured, and the excessive water in the soil with high terrain is promoted to be transferred to the soil with low terrain or to be discharged to a relevant position along a longitudinal ditch.
Further, in the step (4), the corn seeds are soaked in the seed soaking agent before sowing.
Further, in the step (4), the seed soaking agent comprises per liter: 5-10 mg of melatonin, 8-10 mg of potassium hydroxide, 0.2-0.3 mL of ethanol and the balance of water.
The seed soaking agent has the advantages that drought resistance of corn seeds and seedlings is remarkably improved through seed soaking, and the germination rate, the germination vigor and the seedling quality of the corn seeds are remarkably improved under the drought condition.
Further, in the step (5), the specific operation of the field management in the seedling stage is as follows: after sowing, irrigating and sprouting 30-40 m of water3/hm2。
Further, in the step (5), the ear period field management specifically comprises: spraying pyrethroid pesticide with high efficiency and low residue; irrigating for 2-3 times, wherein the irrigation amount is 50-60 m3/hm2And irrigating and dripping 15-20 kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium being (6-7), (2-3), (1-2)2。
Further, in the step (5), the specific field management operation in the flowering stage is as follows: irrigating for 4-5 times with 50-60 m of irrigation water per time3/hm2And applying 18-20 kg/hm of fertilizer special for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium of (6-7) to (2-3) to (1-2) by irrigation and dripping2(ii) a Mechanically spraying 4000-6000 times of 1.80% abamectin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control red spiders; mechanically spraying 20000-25000 times of liquid water dispersible granules prepared from 40% acetamiprid liquid to prevent and control leafhoppers; and (3) mechanically spraying 2000-3000 times of 5% imidacloprid missible oil to prevent and control aphids.
The corn fertilizer has the further beneficial effects that the corn fertilizer can enhance the corn resistance, reduce the occurrence probability of diseases, reduce the pesticide consumption, reduce the production cost, improve the planting technical level of farmers, and promote the cost saving and efficiency improvement of the farmers by means of irrigation, pesticide spraying, dropping of special fertilizer for nitrogen phosphorus potassium corn, mechanical spraying and the like.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the corn cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the mode of wide-narrow row configuration is adopted, so that the using amount of capillary tubes can be reduced, the thickening distance is increased, and the corn cultivation method is ventilated and light-transmitting; moisture is preserved and moisture is increased to realize full seedling; the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and strong plants are realized; is especially suitable for northeast. The cultivation method realizes whole-process mechanization and achieves the purposes of saving labor, fertilizer, water and high yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The cultivation method of the corn specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance, and selecting healthy, full and viable corn seeds as seeds;
(2) land preparation: selecting loam or sandy loam which is convenient to drain and irrigate and has more than medium fertility as a planting area, cleaning the planting area, removing weeds, stones and sundries, adjusting the pH value of soil to be 6, ploughing the land, digging longitudinal ditches along the terrain of the planting area from high to low, then digging transverse ditches along the horizontal direction, wherein the distance between two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 8m, the distance between the adjacent transverse ditches is 4m, and the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches form a grid structure;
(3) ditching and earthing: the line spacing is configured by adopting wide lines and narrow lines at intervals, the width of the wide lines is 85 cm, the width of the narrow lines is 25cm, the height of the ridges is 15cm, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of a field block and 150kg/hm2Uniformly spreading the soil into furrows, covering and compacting the loam, wherein the covering thickness is 4 cm;
(4) precision seeding: soaking rice seeds in a seed soaking agent (each liter of the seed soaking agent comprises 5mg of melatonin, 8mg of potassium hydroxide, 0.2mL of ethanol and the balance of water) before sowing, sowing corn seeds in a double-row wide-narrow-hole double-grain mode on the inner sides of two ridges, wherein the wide-hole distance of two adjacent holes is 60cm, the narrow-hole distance is 30cm, 2 corn seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 5cm, and soil is compacted after sowing;
(5) field management: the method comprises the following steps of seedling stage field management: after sowing, irrigating and sprouting 30m3/hm2；
Ear period field management: spraying pyrethroid pesticide with high efficiency and low residue; irrigating for 2 times with 50m of water per time3/hm2And irrigating and applying 15kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 6:2:12；
And (3) field management in a flowering period: irrigating for 4 times with 50m of water per time3/hm2And applying 18kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of 6:2:1 of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium by irrigation and dripping2(ii) a Mechanically spraying 4000 times of 1.80 percent abamectin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control red spiders; mechanically spraying 20000 times liquid of acetamiprid liquid water dispersible granule with concentration of 40% to prevent and treat leafhopper; 2000 times of imidacloprid emulsifiable solution with the concentration of 5 percent is used for preventing and controlling aphids by mechanical spraying.
Example 2
The cultivation method of the corn specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance, and selecting healthy, full and viable corn seeds as seeds;
(2) land preparation: selecting loam or sandy loam which is convenient to drain and irrigate and has more than medium fertility as a planting area, cleaning the planting area, removing weeds, stones and sundries, adjusting the pH value of soil to be 8, ploughing the land, digging longitudinal ditches along the terrain of the planting area from high to low, then digging transverse ditches along the horizontal direction, wherein the distance between two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 10m, the distance between the adjacent transverse ditches is 6m, and the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches form a grid structure;
(3) ditching and earthing: the line spacing is configured by adopting wide lines and narrow lines at intervals, the width of the wide lines is 95 cm, the width of the narrow lines is 35cm, the height of the ridges is 20cm, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of the field block and 200kg/hm2Uniformly spreading the soil into furrows, covering and compacting the loam, wherein the covering thickness is 5 cm;
(4) precision seeding: soaking rice seeds in a seed soaking agent (each liter of the seed soaking agent comprises 10mg of melatonin, 10mg of potassium hydroxide, 0.3mL of ethanol and the balance of water) before sowing, sowing corn seeds in a double-row wide-narrow-hole double-grain mode on the inner sides of two ridges, wherein the wide-hole distance of two adjacent holes is 70cm, the narrow-hole distance is 35cm, 2 corn seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 6cm, and soil is compacted after sowing;
(5) field management: the method comprises the following steps of seedling stage field management: after sowing, irrigating seedling emergence water 40m3/hm2；
Ear period field management: spraying pyrethroid pesticide with high efficiency and low residue; irrigating for 3 times with each irrigation amount of 60m3/hm2And irrigating and applying 20kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 7:3:22；
And (3) field management in a flowering period: irrigating for 5 times with each irrigation amount of 60m3/hm2And irrigating and applying 20kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 7:3:22(ii) a Red spider is prevented and treated by mechanically spraying 6000 times of 1.80% abamectin emulsifiable solutionA spider; the acetamiprid liquid with the concentration of 40 percent is used for water dispersible granules with 25000 times of liquid for mechanically spraying to prevent and control leafhoppers; 3000 times of 5 percent imidacloprid missible oil is used for preventing and controlling aphids through mechanized spraying.
Example 3
The cultivation method of the corn specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance, and selecting healthy, full and viable corn seeds as seeds;
(2) land preparation: selecting loam or sandy loam which is convenient to drain and irrigate and has more than medium fertility as a planting area, cleaning the planting area, removing weeds, stones and sundries, adjusting the pH value of soil to be 7, ploughing the land, digging longitudinal ditches along the terrain of the planting area from high to low, then digging transverse ditches along the horizontal direction, wherein the distance between two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 9m, the distance between the adjacent transverse ditches is 5m, and the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches form a grid structure;
(3) ditching and earthing: the line spacing is configured by adopting wide lines and narrow lines at intervals, the width of the wide lines is 90 cm, the width of the narrow lines is 30cm, the height of the ridges is 18cm, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of a field block by 180kg/hm2Uniformly spreading the soil into furrows, covering and compacting the loam, wherein the covering thickness is 4 cm;
(4) precision seeding: soaking rice seeds in a seed soaking agent (each liter of the seed soaking agent comprises 8mg of melatonin, 10mg of potassium hydroxide, 0.3mL of ethanol and the balance of water) before sowing, sowing the corn seeds in a double-row wide-narrow-hole double-grain mode at the inner sides of two ridges, wherein the wide-hole distance of two adjacent holes is 60cm, the narrow-hole distance is 30cm, 2 corn seeds are sown in each hole, the sowing depth is 5cm, and the soil is compacted after sowing;
(5) field management: the method comprises the following steps of seedling stage field management: after sowing, the water for seedling emergence is irrigated for 35m3/hm2；
Ear period field management: spraying pyrethroid pesticide with high efficiency and low residue; irrigating for 2 times with 50m of water per time3/hm2And irrigating and applying 15kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium of 6:3:22；
And (3) field management in a flowering period: irrigation water4 times of water irrigation, 50m each time3/hm2And applying 18kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of 6:3:2 of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium by irrigation and dripping2(ii) a The 1.80 percent avermectin emulsifiable solution with 5000 times of liquid is used for mechanically spraying to prevent and control red spiders; mechanically spraying 20000 times liquid of acetamiprid liquid water dispersible granule with concentration of 40% to prevent and treat leafhopper; 5 percent imidacloprid missible oil 2500-fold liquid is used for preventing and controlling aphids through mechanized spraying.
Performance testing
Three test fields with similar conditions are selected for trial planting, the first test field is used for planting the corns according to the cultivation method of the example 1, the second test field is used for planting the corns according to the cultivation method of the example 2, the third test field is used for planting the corns according to the cultivation method of the example 3, the survival rate and the yield are calculated, and the test results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 test results of field survival and yield
| Detecting items | Survival rate (%) | Yield kg/mu |
| First test field | 95.8 | 2540 |
| Second test field | 96.2 | 2600 |
| Third test field | 96.0 | 2580 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn cultivation method provided by the embodiment 1-3 of the invention has the remarkable characteristics of high survival rate and high yield.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The corn cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) variety selection: selecting a corn variety with proper growth period, high quality, disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance;
(2) land preparation: cleaning a planting area, removing weeds, stones and impurities, adjusting the pH value of soil, ploughing the land and draining ditches;
(3) ditching and earthing: the row spacing is configured by adopting wide rows and narrow rows at intervals, the width of the wide rows is 85-95 cm, the width of the narrow rows is 25-35 cm, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, and the decomposed farmyard manure is applied according to the area of a field block and 150-200 kg/hm2Uniformly spreading the soil into furrows, covering and compacting the loam, wherein the covering thickness is 4-5 cm;
(4) precision seeding: sowing corn seeds by adopting a double-row wide-narrow-hole double-grain mode on the inner sides of two ridges, wherein the wide hole distance of two adjacent holes is 60-70 cm, the narrow hole distance is 30-35 cm, 2 corn seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 5-6 cm, and the soil is compacted after sowing;
(5) field management: comprises seedling stage field management, ear stage field management and flowering stage field management.
2. The method for cultivating corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), healthy, full and viable corn kernels are selected as seeds.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), soil or sandy soil with high irrigation and drainage efficiency is selected as the planting area.
4. The method for cultivating corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pH value of the soil is adjusted to 6-8.
5. The corn cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the drain ditch is opened by: longitudinal ditches are dug from high to low along the terrain of the planting area, then transverse ditches are dug along the horizontal direction, the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 8-10 m, the distance between every two adjacent transverse ditches is 4-6 m, and the transverse ditches and the longitudinal ditches form a grid structure.
6. The method for cultivating corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the corn seeds are soaked in the seed soaking agent before sowing.
7. The cultivation method of corn as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step (4), the seed soaking agent comprises per liter: 5-10 mg of melatonin, 8-10 mg of potassium hydroxide, 0.2-0.3 mL of ethanol and the balance of water.
8. The cultivation method of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the specific operation of the field management in the seedling stage is as follows: after sowing, irrigating and sprouting 30-40 m of water3/hm2。
9. The cultivation method of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the ear period field management operation is: spraying pyrethroid pesticide with high efficiency and low residue;
irrigating for 2-3 times, wherein the irrigation amount is 50-60 m3/hm2And irrigating and dripping 15-20 kg/hm of special fertilizer for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium being (6-7), (2-3), (1-2)2。
10. The cultivation method of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the specific field management operation in the kernel stage is: irrigating for 4-5 times with 50-60 m of irrigation water per time3/hm2And applying 18-20 kg/hm of fertilizer special for corn with the weight ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium of (6-7) to (2-3) to (1-2) by irrigation and dripping2；
Mechanically spraying 4000-6000 times of 1.80% abamectin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control red spiders;
mechanically spraying 20000-25000 times of liquid water dispersible granules prepared from 40% acetamiprid liquid to prevent and control leafhoppers;
and (3) mechanically spraying 2000-3000 times of 5% imidacloprid missible oil to prevent and control aphids.
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| CN112956486A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-15 | 广东省科学院生物工程研究所 | Application of nitrate nitrogen in improving imidacloprid content of plants |
| CN115152563A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-10-11 | 黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院 | Interplanting method of mung beans and corn |
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