CN104620799A - Astragalus mongholicus bunge high-ridge seedbed drop irrigation seedling raising technique - Google Patents
Astragalus mongholicus bunge high-ridge seedbed drop irrigation seedling raising technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN104620799A CN104620799A CN201310557923.2A CN201310557923A CN104620799A CN 104620799 A CN104620799 A CN 104620799A CN 201310557923 A CN201310557923 A CN 201310557923A CN 104620799 A CN104620799 A CN 104620799A
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- seedling
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 241000266855 Astragalus mongholicus Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000009636 Huang Qi Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940107666 astragalus root Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an astragalus mongholicus bunge high-ridge seedbed drop irrigation seedling raising technique. The technique comprises the steps of inspection of seeds, selection of a seedling raising field, construction of high-ridge seedbed facilities, sowing, laying of a drop irrigation system, field management and seedling lifting. By the adoption of the technique, astragalus mongholicus bunge seed consumption is reduced, the emergence rate and survival rate of seeds are increased, seedling length is increased, mechanization degree is increased greatly, and labor cost is reduced remarkably. Astragalus mongholicus bunge seedlings obtained by means of the technique is higher in quality.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of technology adopting the mode of high ridge seedbed drip irrigation to carry out astragalus mongolicus nursery.
Background technology:
" Chinese Pharmacopoeia " 2010 editions regulation Radix Astragali Original plants are pulse family Astragalus Astragalus membranacus and astragalus mongolicus, but Root Morphology variation is comparatively large in the course of cultivation due to Astragalus membranacus, and astragalus mongolicus is relatively stable.Therefore, astragalus mongolicus is cultivated in recent years and the main flow of Genus Astragalus of Local Used Commercial Huang.
Traditionally, the mode that astragalus mongolicus mainly adopts artificial breeding to transplant is planted.Covering of a seed is hard not easily permeable, soaks, to roll or the mode such as acid treatment impels it to germinate usually through boiling water.Annual the first tenday period of a month May in spring carry out sowing seeds nursery after leveling is ploughed deeply in soil, adopt the mode of broad irrigation to carry out watering irrigating, dig transplantation of seedlings April in Second Year.
Should be noted that following problems in astragalus mongolicus seedling raising process: seed sprouting and Seedling Stage need adequate water, otherwise do not emerge or because of arid and dead; In process of growth, To Be Protected from Heat, is afraid of that ponding flood is hollow, as excess moisture easily occurs rotten; Astragalus mongolicus belongs to phreatophyte, and soil layer is thin, and root grows wild more, and branch is many, in shank shape, of poor quality; Because northern area rainwater is few, dry, moisture evaporation is fast, and traditional irrigation canals and ditches are irrigated or broad irrigation mode easily causes and irrigates uneven and upper soll layer and harden, cause astragalus mongolicus seeding ratio low, seedling percent is low, to produce rice shoot length short, diameter is thin, and quality can not be guaranteed.
This traditional seedling raising manners also exists the problems such as percentage of seedgermination is not high, seed consumption is large, agricultural production efficiency is low, production cost is high, quality of medicinal material can not be guaranteed.
Summary of the invention:
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of new astragalus mongolicus seedling growing process.Adopt the mode of high ridge seedbed drip irrigation that seed consumption can be made to reduce, percentage of seedgermination, survival rate improve, and rice shoot length increases, and mechanization degree significantly promotes, and cost of labor significantly reduces, the astragalus mongolicus rice shoot that profit obtains in this way, and quality is higher.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of astragalus mongolicus high ridge seedbed drip irrigation seedling growing process, comprises the steps:
(1) inspection of seed
Seed is tested, requires cleanliness >=85%, germination rate >=60%, other plant seed weight≤0.4%, moisture≤12%, seed after the assay was approved, under the condition of be kept at drying, feel nice and cool, ventilating;
(2) selection of nursery
Selection soil is the deep soil of sandy loam, soil layer, can not continuous cropping;
(3) high ridge seedbed Facilities Construction
Ploughing wholely: autumn or spring turn over, and with tractor, nursery are ploughed deeply 20 ~ more than 50cm, applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, execute farmyard manure 1000 ~ 3000kg, flatten with disk harrow for every mu;
Do seedbed: before sowing in spring, be used as a machine and make seedbed on the arable land ploughing deeply leveling, make bed surface smooth, loosing soil, the wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m in seedbed, seedbed height 25 ~ 35cm, between adjacent seedbed, interval 40cm is as field management service aisle;
(4) sow, lay drip irrigation system
Sowing: the seed precision sower handled well is sowed on bed surface, ditching depth 2 ~ 3cm, earthing 1 ~ 2cm, line-spacing 20 ~ 30cm, sowing quantity 4 ~ 5kg/667m
2, execute diammonium phosphate 10kg/667m simultaneously
2;
Lay drip irrigation system: each bed surface lays 2 ~ 5 drip irrigation pipe, about the spacing 40cm of every root drip irrigation pipe, or often lay drip irrigation pipe 1 in the ranks on bed surface;
(5) field management
After planting seed and drip irrigation system lay, timely unlatching drip irrigation system irrigates 3 ~ 5 hours first, within every 3 ~ 5 days later, look soil moisture drip irrigation 0.5 ~ 1 hour, until when seed sprouting, seedling grow 4 ~ 6 compound leaves, now carry out first pass intertill and clean tillage with cultivator, and carry out artificial thinning simultaneously, keep spacing about the 1 ~ 2cm of seedling and seedling, backsight young plant growing state adopt machinery in time or manually carry out watering, hoe up weeds, deinsectization, the field work such as fertilising;
(6) lifting: before seedling germinates after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, dug out rice shoot for transplanting land for growing field crops with seedling digging machine at the beginning of about by the end of April or 5 months.
The beneficial effect of employing technique scheme is:
(1) be conducive to saving astragalus mongolicus seed consumption.The sub-skewness of breeding is disseminated, every mu of sowing quantity 11 ~ 13kg in tradition land for growing field crops.Adopt precision sower, sowing accurately, to economize kind, laborsaving, every mu of sowing quantity only needs 4 ~ 5kg.
(2) be conducive to improving astragalus mongolicus percentage of seedgermination.Astragalus mongolicus seed sprouting and Seedling Stage need adequate water.High ridge seedbed drip irrigation system can evenly and exactly instill in the soil horizon at soil surface near crop root zone or crop root place, directly moisture is transported to astragalus mongolicus seedling root, provide the adequate water needed for root growth, be conducive to seed sprouting and growth of seedling; Long-term, moistening soil that is that continue provides the control environment of astragalus mongolicus seed sprouting simultaneously, and seed does not need pretreatment directly to sow, and germination rate is increased to more than 80%, and seedling percent reaches more than 90%.
(3) be conducive to improving astragalus mongolicus quality of medicinal material.The quality of seedlings determines the quality of medicinal material, and traditional implantation methods seedbed is generally 15 ~ 20cm, when astragalus mongolicus seedling grows to 20cm, runs into solid soil and easily bifurcated occurs.High ridge seedbed is highly generally 25 ~ 35cm, for astragalus mongolicus nursery provides the loam that required soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, be conducive to seed sprouting and growth of seedling, keep seedbed below ground 10 ~ 11cm thickness soil to soak simultaneously and namely stop drip irrigation, be conducive to the astragalus mongolicus system of taproot deeply penetrate soil and suppress the growth of fibrous root, seedling system of taproot average length increases more than 10cm, and bifurcated is few.
(4) be conducive to improve agricultural production efficiency, water saving, economize on electricity, laborsaving, reduce production cost.Employing is made a machine and is sat seedbed, precision sower sowing, and mechanization degree significantly promotes; Meanwhile, drip irrigation is than spray irrigation economize 30% ~ 40%, and economize on electricity 20% ~ 30%, than pouring water saving 70% ~ 80%, economize on electricity 75 ~ 85%, compared with broad irrigation, can increase production 20% ~ 30%, therefore, drip irrigation greatly reduces water, electricity and cost of labor, and then improves and ensure that economic benefit.Radix Astragali rice shoot root is generally 20 ~ 30cm, and tradition adopts excavated by manual work seedling, and the present invention by setting up high ridge seedbed, then can realize mechanization and dig seedling, ° not only increases production efficiency, can also reduce the extent of damage to medicinal material root.
Embodiment:
Below implement for illustration of the present invention, but be not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) seed testing: astragalus mongolicus seed source is won victory in Wuchuan County Gou Xiang public house village, through inspection cleanliness 91%, germination rate 90%, other plant seed weight 0.3%, moisture 12%, meets nursery requirement;
(1) selection of land: in early April, 2010 is emerging in Guyang County, Baotou carries out astragalus mongolicus nursery 3300 square meter along Xixiang, long 50 meters, wide 66 meters, soil is that sandy loam, soil layer are deep, and the previous year, long-term cropping was sunflower;
(2) ploughing wholely: spring turns over, with tractor, 40cm is ploughed deeply in arable land, applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, execute farmyard manure 2000kg, flatten with disk harrow for every mu;
(3) seedbed is done: be used as a machine and seedbed is done to the arable land ploughing deeply leveling, make bed surface smooth, loosing soil, the wide 120cm in seedbed, seedbed height 30cm, length 5000cm, between adjacent seedbed, interval 40cm is as field management service aisle, makes 50 seedbeds altogether;
(4) sow: sowed on bed surface by the seed precision sower handled well, ditching depth 2cm, earthing 1cm, line-spacing 20cm, executes diammonium phosphate 10kg/667m simultaneously
2, sowing quantity 4kg/667m
2;
(5) drip irrigation system is laid: each bed surface lays 5 drip irrigation pipe;
(6) field management: after planting seed and drip irrigation system lay, open drip irrigation system and irrigate 4.5 hours first, within every 3 ~ 5 days later, look soil moisture drip irrigation 1 hour, until when seed sprouting, seedling grow 4 ~ 6 compound leaves, now carry out first pass weeding with cultivator and carried out thinning simultaneously, having kept the spacing 1.5cm of seedling and seedling.Backsight young plant growing state carry out in time watering, hoe up weeds, deinsectization, the field work such as fertilising.
(7) lifting: before seedling germinates after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, dig out rice shoot amount to 2,650,000 strains at the beginning of about by the end of April or 5 months with seedling digging machine, for transplanting land for growing field crops.
Embodiment 2
In order to the quality of seedling-cultivating method more of the present invention and traditional seedling-cultivating method, carry out comparative trial in same piece of land, adopted traditional seedling-cultivating method, comprised with the difference of embodiment 1:
(1) land readjustment: plough, whole, apply base manure after, do not need to do seedbed.
(2) Seeds preprocess: before breeding, puts astragalus mongolicus seed 61kg in 65 DEG C of warm water, soaks 24 hours, pulls out and drain, by seed fine sand than mixing fine sand mixing for 1:3;
(3) seeding method: adopt the mode of disseminating, manually broadcasted sowing equably by the seed handled well, seed has spread the rear fine earth being manually covered with 1cm, is dialled by soil loose all even, is suppressed by sowing furrow with light-duty packer, sowing quantity 12kg/667m with plank
2;
(4) to water irrigation: irrigation of watering in time when after planting seedbed runs into arid, in order to emerging.Water when height of seedling 10cm 1 time permeable.
(5) dig seedling: due to astragalus root in depth under, need to adopt excavated by manual work seedling, amount to 2,500,000 strains.
Traditional Man seedling method and high ridge seedbed drip irrigation seedling growing process contrast
| Contrast project | Tradition seedling method | High ridge seedbed drip irrigation seedling growing process |
| Every mu of sowing quantity (kg) | 12.5 | 4 |
| Seed price (unit/kg) | 100 | 100 |
| Every mu of seed expense (unit) | 1250 | 400 |
| Every mu goes out qualified seedling number (ten thousand strains) | 40-80 | 50-70 |
| Every mu of labour cost (unit) | 1700 | 800 |
| Seedling average length (cm) | 22cm | 35cm |
| Seedling diameter (cm) | 0.5-1.0 | 0.7-1.2 |
| Seedling situation | Bifurcated is many | Bifurcated is few |
By above contrast, can find that the high ridge seedbed more traditional seedling method of drip irrigation seedling growing process has all had obvious improvement in percentage of seedgermination and seedling percent, seedling quality etc., adopt mechanization that production efficiency is improved, every mu of seedling cost significantly reduces simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. an astragalus mongolicus high ridge seedbed drip irrigation seedling growing process, is characterized in that, mainly comprises the inspection of seed, the selection of nursery, high ridge seedbed Facilities Construction, sowing lay drip irrigation system, field management, lifting, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) inspection of seed
Seed is tested, requires cleanliness >=85%, germination rate >=60%, other plant seed weight≤0.4%, moisture≤12%, seed after the assay was approved, under the condition of be kept at drying, feel nice and cool, ventilating;
(2) selection of nursery
Selection soil is the deep soil of sandy loam, soil layer, can not continuous cropping;
(3) high ridge seedbed Facilities Construction
Ploughing wholely: autumn or spring turn over, and with tractor, nursery are ploughed deeply 20 ~ more than 50cm, applying base manure in conjunction with ploughing, execute farmyard manure 1000 ~ 3000kg, flatten with disk harrow for every mu;
Do seedbed: before sowing in spring, be used as a machine and make seedbed on the arable land ploughing deeply leveling, make bed surface smooth, loosing soil, the wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m in seedbed, seedbed height 25 ~ 35cm, between adjacent seedbed, interval 40cm is as field management service aisle;
(4) sow and lay drip irrigation system
Sowing: the seed precision sower handled well is sowed on bed surface, ditching depth 2 ~ 3cm, earthing 1 ~ 2cm, line-spacing 20 ~ 30cm, sowing quantity 4 ~ 5kg/667m
2, execute diammonium phosphate 10kg/667m simultaneously
2;
Lay drip irrigation system: each bed surface lays 2 ~ 5 drip irrigation pipe, spacing about the 20 ~ 40cm of every root drip irrigation pipe, or often lay drip irrigation pipe 1 in the ranks on bed surface;
(5) field management
After planting seed and drip irrigation system lay, timely unlatching drip irrigation system irrigates 3 ~ 5 hours first, within every 3 ~ 5 days later, look soil moisture drip irrigation 0.5 ~ 1 hour, until when seed sprouting, seedling grow 4 ~ 6 compound leaves, now carry out first pass intertill and clean tillage with cultivator, and carry out artificial thinning simultaneously, keep spacing about the 1 ~ 2cm of seedling and seedling, backsight young plant growing state adopt machinery in time or manually carry out watering, hoe up weeds, deinsectization, the field work such as fertilising;
(6) lifting: before seedling germinates after Second Year thaws the beginning of spring, dug out rice shoot for transplanting land for growing field crops with seedling digging machine at the beginning of about by the end of April or 5 months.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310557923.2A CN104620799B (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | A kind of astragalus mongolicus high ridge seedbed trickle irrigation method for culturing seedlings |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310557923.2A CN104620799B (en) | 2013-11-12 | 2013-11-12 | A kind of astragalus mongolicus high ridge seedbed trickle irrigation method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN104620799A true CN104620799A (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| CN104620799B CN104620799B (en) | 2018-09-21 |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105900804A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-31 | 甘肃赫博陇药科技有限责任公司 | Radix Astragali soilless green seedling growing method |
| CN109997642A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 山东省种子有限公司 | A kind of perpendicular Radix Astragali transplanting implantation methods planted of ridging |
| CN114402930A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-29 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业生态与资源保护中心(内蒙古自治区耕地质量监测保护中心) | Water-fertilizer integrated efficient water-saving technology for dry sowing, wet sowing, shallow sowing and drip irrigation of astragalus membranaceus |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105900804A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-08-31 | 甘肃赫博陇药科技有限责任公司 | Radix Astragali soilless green seedling growing method |
| CN109997642A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 山东省种子有限公司 | A kind of perpendicular Radix Astragali transplanting implantation methods planted of ridging |
| CN109997642B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-08-30 | 山东省种子有限公司 | Astragalus membranaceus transplanting planting method for ridging and vertical planting |
| CN114402930A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-29 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业生态与资源保护中心(内蒙古自治区耕地质量监测保护中心) | Water-fertilizer integrated efficient water-saving technology for dry sowing, wet sowing, shallow sowing and drip irrigation of astragalus membranaceus |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104620799B (en) | 2018-09-21 |
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