CN108834813B - Rose cultivation method - Google Patents
Rose cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108834813B CN108834813B CN201810715838.7A CN201810715838A CN108834813B CN 108834813 B CN108834813 B CN 108834813B CN 201810715838 A CN201810715838 A CN 201810715838A CN 108834813 B CN108834813 B CN 108834813B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly discloses a rose cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed selection; (2) accelerating germination: putting the seeds into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and controlling the temperature at 12-16 ℃ at night; after 25-32 days, constantly controlling the temperature at 20-24 ℃ until the seeds germinate; (3) cultivating seedlings; (4) and (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, and digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 50-65cm and the plant spacing of 50-65cm, wherein the depth of the holes is controlled to be 18-20cm, and the area of the holes is controlled to be 250-400cm2(ii) a Transplanting the rose seedlings, extending the roots of the gerbera jamesonii seedlings into the holes, applying planting soil into the holes, and watering; (5) nursing after planting; (6) and (5) daily management. By adopting the technical scheme, the environment of the roses can be improved, and the yield of the roses can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a rose cultivation method.
Background
The origin of flos Rosae Rugosae is Chinese, and belongs to Rosales, Rosaceae, deciduous shrub, branch and stem with multiple needle prickles, odd feathery compound leaves, 5-9 small leaves, ellipse, and edge prickle. The petals are inverted egg-shaped, heavy petals to half heavy petals, the flowers are purple red and white, the fruit period is 8-9 months, and the flowers are oblate. The rose is famous flowers in the world, is a sign of love, is a traditional Chinese medicine, is used by more than 900 formulas in single and compound traditional Chinese medicine, is high-efficiency agriculture, and solves the problem of high-efficiency output of cultivated land. When the rose is used as an economic crop, the flowers of the rose are mainly used for food and essence rose oil extraction, and the rose oil is applied to industries such as cosmetics, food, fine chemical engineering and the like.
Roses like sunny, cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, loose and fertile loam or light loam with good drainage, grow poorly in clay loam and bloom poorly. It is suitable for planting in a place with good ventilation and far away from the wall to prevent sunlight reflection from burning buds and affecting flowering. The rose has no strict requirement on the pH value of the planting soil, and the subacid planting soil to the subalkaline planting soil can grow normally. The snow covered area can endure the low temperature of-38 ℃ to-40 ℃ in winter, and the snow covered area can endure the low temperature of-25 ℃ to-30 ℃. At present, the rose is cultivated mainly by depending on the planting experience of farmers, so that the defects of backward technology and low yield generally exist, and the economic benefit of rose planting is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rose cultivation method, which improves the environment of roses and increases the yield of roses.
In order to achieve the purpose, the basic scheme of the invention is as follows: a rose cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting plump rose seeds, and soaking in 10-20% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5-8 h;
(2) accelerating germination: putting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 22-28 ℃ in the day and 12-16 ℃ at night; after 25-32 days, constantly controlling the temperature at 20-24 ℃ until the seeds germinate;
(3) seedling cultivation: cultivating the germinated rose seeds to grow the rose seeds into rose seedlings; irradiating the seedlings for 15-20min every day by adopting light with the wavelength of 520-540nm in the cultivation process;
(4) and (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, and digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 50-65cm and the plant spacing of 50-65cm, wherein the depth of the holes is controlled to be 18-20cm, and the area of the holes is controlled to be 250-400cm2(ii) a Transplanting the rose seedlings to make the roots of the rose seedlings extend into the holes, and applying seeds in the holesPlanting soil, and watering; the planting soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of river sand, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 4-6 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 4-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-8 parts of shell powder and 40-60 parts of planting field soil;
(5) and (3) nursing after planting: after the seedlings are planted for one week, spraying auxin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.004% to the seedlings; after the seedlings are planted for one month, spraying calcium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.02% to the roots of the seedlings;
(6) and (5) daily management.
The beneficial effect of this basic scheme lies in:
1. through the germination accelerating treatment of the rose seeds, the germination rate of the seeds can be effectively improved, and the germination time can be shortened, and compared with the method without the germination accelerating treatment, the germination rate of the seeds can be improved by 16-22%, and the germination time can be shortened by 15-20%.
2. In the process of cultivating the seedlings, the rose is favorably grown and accumulated by irradiating the seedlings with light with the wavelength of 520-540nm, so that the growth vigor of the seedlings is improved.
3. The planting soil prepared by the invention comprises river sand, wood chips and planting field soil in a specific proportion, the grain sizes of the materials are different, and a plurality of gaps exist among the mixed planting soil, so that the ventilation and the drainage are facilitated, an environment relatively suitable for growth is created for roses, and the yield of the roses is facilitated to be improved; the culture soil also contains nutrient components such as urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, shell powder and the like, the fertilization operation is completed while soil covering, and the efficiency is effectively improved.
4. After planting, according to the different periods of the roses, different nursing is provided for the roses, and the roses are prevented from being diseased while the growth of the roses is effectively promoted.
Further, the step (6) of daily management comprises: a. and (3) management in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 22-26 deg.C and the night temperature at 18-22 deg.C; checking the rose plant by plant every day, and removing the diseased plant in time; b. managing in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 18-25 deg.C and the night temperature at 12-16 deg.C; c. and (3) flowering management: the day temperature is controlled at 20-25 deg.C, the night temperature is controlled at 18-24 deg.C, and the rose is pruned regularly. The environment and maintenance required by the roses in different periods are different, and the environment of the roses in different periods is controlled according to the characteristics of the roses, so that the optimal growing environment is created for the roses, and the accumulation of effective substances in the roses is facilitated.
Further, the daily management in the step (6) further comprises fertilization management: a. fertilizing at late autumn, 660m per 580-2Applying 3000-3500kg of farmyard manure; b. fertilizing after flowers, and 660m per 580-210-30kg of diammonium phosphate is added. The fertilizer is applied to the roses in a proper time period, and the nutrient components are supplemented to the roses in time, so that the normal growth of the roses is facilitated.
Further, the farmyard manure in the step (6) is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of rose-rotting branches, 10-15 parts of fallen leaves, 8-12 parts of bean cakes, 5-10 parts of peanut residues, 12-18 parts of vinasse, 15-20 parts of pig manure, 8-12 parts of pond sludge and 18-24 parts of chicken manure; b. cutting rose-rotten branches into 3-5cm small segments, mixing with fallen leaves, bean cake, peanut residue, distiller's grains, pig manure, pond sludge and chicken manure uniformly, and fermenting for 15-20 days. The farmyard manure in the step (6) is fermented by adopting specific components, the vinasse contains rich nutrition and fermentation strains, and the vinasse is added to supplement the nutrient components of the farmyard manure and facilitate fermentation. Meanwhile, through a plurality of experiments of the applicant, the farmyard manure prepared by mixing the components of rose rotting branches, fallen leaves, bean cakes, pig manure and the like in a fixed proportion is sufficient in nutrition and beneficial to absorption of the roses, and the farmyard manure is applied to the roses at the end of autumn to supplement the nutrition for the roses in time.
Further, the culture soil in the step (2) is prepared by adopting the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 portions of sandy soil, 20 to 25 portions of water, 0.005 to 0.02 portion of gibberellin and 0.0002 to 0.01 portion of tryptophan; b. mixing water, tryptophan and gibberellin to obtain a treatment solution, and mixing the treatment solution with sandy soil to obtain culture soil. The culture soil prepared by the invention is moist and contains components for stimulating the germination and growth of the rose seeds, and the germination acceleration of the seeds and the germination rate improvement can be realized by using the culture soil to accelerate the germination of the seeds.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hole digging device used in an embodiment of a method for cultivating roses according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
the reference numbers in figure 1 of the specification include: the device comprises a movable vehicle body 10, a frame 11, a limiting baffle 111, a mixing barrel 12, a discharge port 121, a discharge hopper 20, a through port 21, a material door 22, an annular barrel 30, a discharge port 31, an umbrella-shaped baffle 32, a spring 33, a second chain wheel 34, a chute 35, a screen 36, a stirring rod 37, a hydraulic cylinder 40, a motor 41, an excavating rod 42, a discharge barrel 50, a discharge pipe 51, a positioning block 52, a discharge pipe 60, a connecting rod 61, a first chain wheel 70, a chain 71 and a positioning pin 80.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a rose cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting full rose seeds, and soaking the rose seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 15% for 6 hours.
(2) Accelerating germination: putting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 24 ℃ in the day and 14 ℃ at night; after 28 days, the temperature was constantly controlled at 22 ℃ until the seeds germinated. The culture soil is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy soil, 20 parts of water, 0.008 part of gibberellin and 0.0005 part of tryptophan; b. mixing water, tryptophan and gibberellin to obtain a treatment solution, and mixing the treatment solution with sandy soil to obtain culture soil.
(3) Seedling cultivation: cultivating the germinated rose seeds to grow the rose seeds into rose seedlings; the seedling is irradiated with light with wavelength of 520nm for 15min every day during the cultivation process.
(4) And (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 60cm, controlling the depth of the holes to be 18cm, and controlling the area of the holes to be 280cm2(ii) a Transplanting the rose seedlings, extending the roots of the rose seedlings into the holes, applying planting soil into the holes, and watering; the planting soil comprises the following components in parts by massThe raw materials of (A): 24 parts of river sand, 12 parts of sawdust, 5 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 6 parts of shell powder and 42 parts of planting field soil;
(5) and (3) nursing after planting: after the seedlings are planted for one week, spraying auxin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.002 percent on the seedlings; after the seedlings are planted for one month, spraying a calcium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.01 percent to the roots of the seedlings;
(6) daily management: a. and (3) management in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 23 ℃ and the night temperature at 20 ℃; the roses were examined on a plant-by-plant basis every day and the diseased plants were removed in time. b. Managing in a seedling stage: the day temperature was controlled at 23 ℃ and the night temperature was controlled at 13 ℃. c. And (3) flowering management: the rose was trimmed at regular time intervals with the day temperature controlled at 22 ℃ and the night temperature controlled at 20 ℃. d. Fertilization management: 1) applying fertilizer at the end of autumn every 600m2Applying 3000kg of farmyard manure; 2) fertilizing after flowering, and fertilizing 15kg of diammonium phosphate every 600m 2. The farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35 parts of rose rotten branches, 12 parts of fallen leaves, 8 parts of bean cakes, 6 parts of peanut residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of pig manure, 8 parts of pond sludge and 18 parts of chicken manure; b. cutting rose rotten branches into 3cm small segments, mixing with fallen leaves, bean cake, peanut residue, distiller's grains, pig manure, pond sludge and chicken manure uniformly, and fermenting for 15 days.
As shown in fig. 1, the hole digging device used in step (4) includes a moving vehicle body 10, a hole digging unit, a discharging unit, a transmission unit and a mixing unit, wherein a frame 11 is fixed on the moving vehicle body 10. The hole digging unit comprises a hydraulic cylinder 40 fixed on the frame 11, a motor 41 connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 40 and a discharging barrel 50 with an opening at the lower end in sequence from top to bottom, the discharging barrel 50 is vertically arranged, and the discharging barrel 50 penetrates through and is connected to the movable vehicle body 10 in a sliding mode. The frame 11 is provided with a vertically arranged clamping groove, the discharging barrel 50 is fixedly provided with an L-shaped positioning block 52, the positioning block 52 can be connected to the clamping groove in a sliding mode, the frame 11 is provided with a through hole communicated with the clamping groove, the through hole is located in the upper portion of the clamping groove, the through hole is detachably connected with a positioning pin 80, and the positioning block 52 is provided with a positioning hole matched with the through hole. When the positioning pin 80 passes through the positioning hole and the through hole, the positioning pin 80 fixes the positioning block 52, and at the moment, the discharging cylinder 50 is away from the ground, so that the lower end of the discharging cylinder 50 does not influence the normal running of the movable vehicle body 10; when the positioning pin 80 is detached, the limiting block moves downwards to be in contact with the lower end face of the clamping groove, and the lower end of the discharge barrel 50 is in contact with the ground. An output shaft of the motor 41 is fixedly connected with an excavating rod 42, the lower part of which penetrates through and is positioned in the discharging barrel 50, and the excavating rod 42 is connected with the discharging barrel 50 in a sliding manner; the digging rod 42 is welded with a helical blade which can be attached to the inner wall of the discharging barrel 50.
The mixing unit comprises a vertically arranged discharge pipe 60, a mixing cylinder 12 fixed on the movable vehicle body 10 and an annular cylinder 30 rotatably connected on the rack 11, wherein the lower part of the annular cylinder 30 is positioned in the mixing cylinder 12, and the annular cylinder 30 is coaxial with the mixing cylinder 12. The discharge pipe 60 is slidably connected to the frame 11, and the lower portion of the discharge pipe 60 passes through and is located in the annular cylinder 30. The inner wall of the annular cylinder 30 is provided with a closed curve groove and a discharge hole 31 positioned below the curve groove, an umbrella-shaped baffle 32 positioned at the lower end of the discharge hole 31 is fixed in the annular cylinder 30, and the outer wall of the discharge pipe 60 is fixed with a connecting rod 61 with one end clamped in the curve groove. A plurality of vertically arranged sliding grooves 35 are formed in the outer side of the annular cylinder 30, a screen 36 located between the mixing cylinder 12 and the annular cylinder 30 is connected to the annular cylinder 30 in a sliding mode, protrusions connected into the sliding grooves 35 in a sliding mode are arranged on the screen 36, and springs 33 are connected between the protrusions and the sliding grooves 35. A plurality of stirring rods 37 located below the screen 36 are fixed to the side wall of the annular cylinder 30, and a plurality of discharge ports 121 facing the screen 36 are formed in the side wall of the mixing cylinder 12. A discharge pipe 51 is connected to the upper portion of the discharge cylinder 50, the discharge end of the discharge pipe 51 being positioned above the mixing cylinder 12.
The transmission unit comprises a first chain wheel 70 connected on the digging rod 42 in a sliding mode, a second chain wheel 34 fixed on the annular cylinder 30 and a chain 71 sleeved on the first chain wheel 70 and the second chain wheel 34, wherein the first chain wheel 70 is located above the discharging cylinder 50. Two limiting blocking pieces 111 are fixed on the frame 11, one limiting blocking piece 111 is located below the first chain wheel 70 and contacts with the lower surface of the first chain wheel 70, the other limiting blocking piece 111 is located above the first chain wheel 70 and contacts with the upper surface of the first chain wheel 70, and under the limitation of the two limiting blocking pieces 111, the position of the first chain wheel 70 is relatively fixed and cannot slide up and down.
The discharging unit comprises a discharging hopper 20 fixed on the rack 11, the discharging hopper 20 is positioned above the discharging pipe 60, a through hole 21 allowing the discharging pipe 60 to pass through is formed in the lower wall of the discharging hopper 20, a charging door 22 positioned above the through hole 21 is hinged to the lower wall of the discharging hopper 20, and the charging door 22 can only turn to one side of the inside of the discharging hopper 20. When the ring drum 30 rotates, the tapping pipe 60 is driven to move up and down, and during the process, the tapping pipe 60 can intermittently open the charging door 22.
When the hole digging device is used for digging holes, river sand, sawdust, urea, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and shell powder which are uniformly mixed are put on the discharge hopper 20. The movable vehicle body 10 is pushed to enable the lower end of the digging rod 42 to be opposite to the ground to be dug, the positioning pin 80 is pulled out, the limiting block moves downwards to be in contact with the lower end face of the clamping groove, and at the moment, the lower end of the discharging barrel 50 is in contact with the ground. The motor 41 is started and then the hydraulic cylinder 40 is operated to move the digging rod 42 downward while rotating, the digging rod 42 digs a hole in the ground, the dug soil is conveyed upward by the helical blade and finally falls on the screen 36 in the mixing drum 12 through the discharging pipe 51, and the soil with smaller particle size can fall on the bottom of the mixing drum 12 through the screen 36. When the digging rod 42 rotates, the digging rod 42 drives the annular cylinder 30 to move together through the transmission unit, the annular cylinder 30 drives the screen 36 to rotate together, soil on the screen 36 is acted by centrifugal force, part of the soil is thrown out through the outlet 121 under the action of the centrifugal force, part of the soil collides with the inner cylinder of the mixing cylinder 12 and is crushed into soil with small particle size, and the soil can smoothly fall through the screen 36. Meanwhile, since the discharge pipe 60 is connected to the connection rod 61 having one side extending into the curved groove, the discharge pipe 60 can reciprocate along the frame 11 when the ring drum 30 moves. When the discharge pipe 60 moves upwards, the discharge pipe 60 penetrates through the through hole 21 and jacks up the material door 22, materials in the discharge hopper 20 can be transferred through the discharge pipe 60, the materials finally fall on the umbrella-shaped baffle 32, the umbrella-shaped baffle 32 rotates along with the annular cylinder 30, the materials are discharged through the discharge hole 31 under the action of centrifugal force and finally fall in the mixing cylinder 12, and soil and the materials in the mixing cylinder 12 are uniformly mixed under the action of the stirring rod 37. After the hole digging is completed, the motor 41 is turned off, and the hydraulic cylinder 40 is operated, so that the hydraulic cylinder 40 drives the motor 41 and the digging rod 42 to reset.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a rose cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting full rose seeds, and soaking the rose seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 18% for 7 hours.
(2) Accelerating germination: putting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ in the day and 15 ℃ at night; after 30 days, the temperature was constantly controlled at 22 ℃ until the seeds germinated. The culture soil is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy soil, 23 parts of water, 0.01 part of gibberellin and 0.008 part of tryptophan; b. mixing water, tryptophan and gibberellin to obtain a treatment solution, and mixing the treatment solution with sandy soil to obtain culture soil.
(3) Seedling cultivation: cultivating the germinated rose seeds to grow the rose seeds into rose seedlings; the seedling is irradiated with light with wavelength of 530nm for 18min every day during the cultivation process.
(4) And (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 62cm and the plant spacing of 62cm, controlling the depth of the holes to be 20cm, and controlling the area of the holes to be 320cm2(ii) a Transplanting the rose seedlings, extending the roots of the rose seedlings into the holes, applying planting soil into the holes, and watering; the planting soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of river sand, 13 parts of sawdust, 4 parts of urea, 4 parts of ammonium phosphate, 6 parts of potassium sulfate, 7 parts of shell powder and 52 parts of planting field soil;
(5) and (3) nursing after planting: after the seedlings are planted for one week, spraying auxin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.003 percent on the seedlings; after the seedlings are planted for one month, spraying a calcium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.015% to the roots of the seedlings;
(6) daily management: a. and (3) management in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 24 ℃ and the night temperature at 22 ℃; the roses were examined on a plant-by-plant basis every day and the diseased plants were removed in time. b. Managing in a seedling stage: the day temperature is controlled at 24The temperature of the solution at night is controlled at 14 ℃. c. And (3) flowering management: the rose was trimmed at regular time intervals with the day temperature controlled at 20 ℃ and the night temperature controlled at 18 ℃. d. Fertilization management: 1) applying fertilizer at late autumn every 630m2Applying 3200kg of farmyard manure; 2) fertilizing after flowers, 630m222kg of diammonium phosphate were added. The farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 41 parts of rose rotten branches, 14 parts of fallen leaves, 10 parts of bean cakes, 6 parts of peanut residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 15 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of pond sludge and 22 parts of chicken manure; b. cutting rose rotten branches into 4cm small segments, mixing with fallen leaves, bean cake, peanut residue, distiller's grains, pig manure, pond sludge and chicken manure uniformly, and fermenting for 18 days.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a rose cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: and (3) selecting full rose seeds, and soaking the rose seeds in a sodium hypochlorite solution with the concentration of 20% for 8 hours.
(2) Accelerating germination: putting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ in the day and 16 ℃ at night; after 32 days, the temperature was constantly controlled at 24 ℃ until the seeds germinated. The culture soil is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of sandy soil, 25 parts of water, 0.002 part of gibberellin and 0.01 part of tryptophan; b. mixing water, tryptophan and gibberellin to obtain a treatment solution, and mixing the treatment solution with sandy soil to obtain culture soil.
(3) Seedling cultivation: cultivating the germinated rose seeds to grow the rose seeds into rose seedlings; the seedling is irradiated with light with wavelength of 540nm for 20min every day during the cultivation process.
(4) And (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 65cm and the plant spacing of 65cm, controlling the depth of the holes to be 20cm, and controlling the area of the holes to be 400cm2(ii) a Transplanting the rose seedlings, extending the roots of the rose seedlings into the holes, applying planting soil into the holes, and watering; the planting soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of river sand, 6 parts of a discharge hopper and 54 parts of planting soil;
(5) and (3) nursing after planting: after the seedlings are planted for one week, spraying auxin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.003 percent on the seedlings; after the seedlings are planted for one month, spraying calcium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.018% to the roots of the seedlings;
(6) daily management: a. and (3) management in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 24 ℃ and the night temperature at 20 ℃; the roses were examined on a plant-by-plant basis every day and the diseased plants were removed in time. b. Managing in a seedling stage: the day temperature was controlled at 25 ℃ and the night temperature was controlled at 14 ℃. c. And (3) flowering management: the rose was trimmed at regular time with day temperature controlled at 23 ℃ and night temperature controlled at 20 ℃. d. Fertilization management: 1) applying fertilizer at the end of autumn, and applying 3500kg of farmyard manure every 660m 2; 2) applying fertilizer after blossom, and applying 28kg of diammonium phosphate every 660m 2. The farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45 parts of rose rotten branches, 13 parts of fallen leaves, 12 parts of bean cakes, 6 parts of peanut residues, 15 parts of vinasse, 18 parts of pig manure, 10 parts of pond sludge and 20 parts of chicken manure; b. cutting rose rotten branches into 4cm small segments, mixing with fallen leaves, bean cake, peanut residue, distiller's grains, pig manure, pond sludge and chicken manure uniformly, and fermenting for 20 days.
Claims (5)
1. A rose cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting plump rose seeds, and soaking in 10-20% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5-8 h;
(2) accelerating germination: putting the seeds treated in the step (1) into a plastic bag filled with culture soil, controlling the temperature at 22-28 ℃ in the day and 12-16 ℃ at night; after 25-32 days, constantly controlling the temperature at 20-24 ℃ until the seeds germinate;
(3) seedling cultivation: cultivating the germinated rose seeds to grow the rose seeds into rose seedlings; irradiating the seedlings for 15-20min every day by adopting light with the wavelength of 520-540nm in the cultivation process;
(4) and (3) seedling planting: selecting a planting field, and digging holes on the planting field by using a hole digging device according to the row spacing of 50-65cm and the plant spacing of 50-65cm, wherein the depth of the holes is controlled to be 18-20cm, and the area of the holes is controlled to be 250-400cm2(ii) a The rose seedlings are addedTransplanting, namely extending the roots of the rose seedlings into the holes, applying planting soil into the holes, and watering; the planting soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of river sand, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 4-6 parts of urea, 3-5 parts of ammonium phosphate, 4-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 5-8 parts of shell powder and 40-60 parts of planting field soil; the hole digging device comprises a movable vehicle body, a hole digging unit, a discharging unit, a transmission unit and a mixing unit, wherein a rack is fixed on the movable vehicle body; the hole digging unit sequentially comprises a hydraulic cylinder fixed on the frame, a motor connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder and a discharging barrel with an opening at the lower end from top to bottom, the discharging barrel is vertically arranged, and the discharging barrel penetrates through and is connected to the movable vehicle body in a sliding manner; the machine frame is provided with a vertically arranged clamping groove, the discharging barrel is fixedly provided with an L-shaped positioning block, the positioning block can be connected to the clamping groove in a sliding manner, the machine frame is provided with a through hole communicated with the clamping groove, the through hole is positioned at the upper part of the clamping groove, the through hole is detachably connected with a positioning pin, and the positioning block is provided with a positioning hole matched with the through hole; an output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with an excavating rod, the lower part of the excavating rod penetrates through the discharging barrel and is positioned in the discharging barrel, and the excavating rod is connected with the discharging barrel in a sliding manner; a spiral blade which can be attached to the inner wall of the discharging barrel is welded on the excavating rod; the mixing unit comprises a discharge pipe which is vertically arranged, a mixing barrel which is fixed on the movable vehicle body and an annular barrel which is rotatably connected on the rack, the lower part of the annular barrel is positioned in the mixing barrel, and the annular barrel is coaxial with the mixing barrel; the discharge pipe is connected to the frame in a sliding manner, and the lower part of the discharge pipe penetrates through and is positioned in the annular cylinder; the inner wall of the annular cylinder is provided with a closed curve groove and a discharge hole positioned below the curve groove, an umbrella-shaped baffle plate positioned at the lower end of the discharge hole is fixed in the annular cylinder, and the outer wall of the discharge pipe is fixed with a connecting rod of which one end is clamped in the curve groove; a plurality of vertically arranged sliding chutes are formed in the outer side of the annular cylinder, a screen mesh positioned between the mixing cylinder and the annular cylinder is connected onto the annular cylinder in a sliding manner, bulges connected into the sliding chutes in a sliding manner are arranged on the screen mesh, and springs are connected between the bulges and the sliding chutes; a plurality of stirring rods positioned below the screen are fixed on the side wall of the annular cylinder, and a plurality of discharge ports opposite to the screen are formed in the side wall of the mixing cylinder; the upper part of the discharge barrel is connected with a discharge pipe which is obliquely arranged downwards, and the discharge end of the discharge pipe is positioned above the mixing barrel; transmission sheetThe unit comprises a first chain wheel connected to the digging rod in a sliding manner, a second chain wheel fixed on the annular cylinder and a chain sleeved on the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel, wherein the first chain wheel is positioned above the discharging cylinder; two limiting blocking pieces are fixed on the rack, one limiting blocking piece is positioned below the first chain wheel and is contacted with the lower surface of the first chain wheel, and the other limiting blocking piece is positioned above the first chain wheel and is contacted with the upper surface of the first chain wheel; the discharging unit comprises a discharging hopper fixed on the rack, the discharging hopper is positioned above the discharging pipe, the lower wall of the discharging hopper is provided with a through hole allowing the discharging pipe to pass through, the lower wall of the discharging hopper is also hinged with a charging door positioned above the through hole, and the charging door can only turn towards one side of the inside of the discharging hopper;
(5) and (3) nursing after planting: after the seedlings are planted for one week, spraying auxin aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.004% to the seedlings; after the seedlings are planted for one month, spraying calcium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.02% to the roots of the seedlings;
(6) and (5) daily management.
2. The method for cultivating roses according to claim 1, wherein: the daily management of the step (6) comprises the following steps: a. and (3) management in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 22-26 deg.C and the night temperature at 18-22 deg.C; checking the rose plant by plant every day, and removing the diseased plant in time; b. managing in a seedling stage: controlling the day temperature at 18-25 deg.C and the night temperature at 12-16 deg.C; c. and (3) flowering management: the day temperature is controlled at 20-25 deg.C, the night temperature is controlled at 18-24 deg.C, and the rose is pruned regularly.
3. The method for cultivating roses according to claim 2, wherein: the daily management of the step (6) further comprises fertilization management: a. fertilizing at late autumn, 660m per 580-2Applying 3000-3500kg of farmyard manure; b. fertilizing after flowers, and 660m per 580-210-30kg of diammonium phosphate is added.
4. The method for cultivating roses according to claim 3, wherein: the farmyard manure in the step (6) is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of rose-rotting branches, 10-15 parts of fallen leaves, 8-12 parts of bean cakes, 5-10 parts of peanut residues, 12-18 parts of vinasse, 15-20 parts of pig manure, 8-12 parts of pond sludge and 18-24 parts of chicken manure; b. cutting rose-rotten branches into 3-5cm small segments, mixing with fallen leaves, bean cake, peanut residue, distiller's grains, pig manure, pond sludge and chicken manure uniformly, and fermenting for 15-20 days.
5. The method for cultivating roses according to claim 4, wherein: the culture soil in the step (2) is prepared by the following steps: a. preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 portions of sandy soil, 20 to 25 portions of water, 0.005 to 0.02 portion of gibberellin and 0.0002 to 0.01 portion of tryptophan; b. mixing water, tryptophan and gibberellin to obtain a treatment solution, and mixing the treatment solution with sandy soil to obtain culture soil.
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| CN113207606A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-06 | 中农实创(北京)环境工程技术有限公司 | Planting method of roses |
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| CN106973586A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-25 | 竺林坤 | A kind of artificial intelligent type kind tree digging apparatus |
| CN206698647U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-05 | 河南省翰绿市政园林工程有限公司 | A kind of self-propelled orchard caving ＆ fertilizing machine |
| CN206743829U (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-12-15 | 庞九华 | A kind of gardens pit-picker |
| CN107509412A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-26 | 开县郭辉燕柚子种植场 | A kind of shaddock plants equipment of digging pit |
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| CN103493656B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2014-10-15 | 宿迁市嘉沭生态苗木有限公司 | Method for cultivating fine dry seedlings of Chinese tallow trees |
| CN105993543A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-12 | 广西南宁诺尔网络通讯技术有限公司 | Artificial planting method for selenium-rich roses |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN206743829U (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-12-15 | 庞九华 | A kind of gardens pit-picker |
| CN106973586A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-07-25 | 竺林坤 | A kind of artificial intelligent type kind tree digging apparatus |
| CN206698647U (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-12-05 | 河南省翰绿市政园林工程有限公司 | A kind of self-propelled orchard caving ＆ fertilizing machine |
| CN107509412A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2017-12-26 | 开县郭辉燕柚子种植场 | A kind of shaddock plants equipment of digging pit |
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