CN113207606A - Planting method of roses - Google Patents
Planting method of roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207606A CN113207606A CN202110542634.XA CN202110542634A CN113207606A CN 113207606 A CN113207606 A CN 113207606A CN 202110542634 A CN202110542634 A CN 202110542634A CN 113207606 A CN113207606 A CN 113207606A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of roses, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. A planting method of roses comprises the following steps: selecting full rose seeds for seed pretreatment, soaking the seeds in gibberellin and water in sequence, and then accelerating germination in a temperature-variable stratification mode; sowing the cracked rose seeds in nutrient soil, and culturing into rose seedlings; ploughing and sterilizing the planting soil, and then planting and transplanting the rose seedlings; applying a mixed material of an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and Chinese medicine residues to the fertilizer, and regularly trimming branches and ploughing soil; and (3) carrying out pest control on the rose plants by using a method combining chemical control and physical control. The roses planted by the method of the invention prolong the flowering phase and increase the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a planting method of roses.
Background
Roses (Rosa rugosa) native to china, belong to the rosaceae family. The rose is a general term for a large variety of cultivated species and is generally confused with roses and Chinese roses. At present, the cultivated rose varieties mainly come from interspecific hybrids of original varieties of China rose, rosa damascena, yellow rose, European rose, rosa rugosa, rosa multiflora, and the like. The rose can be divided into two types of edible rose and cut flower, the edible rose is subdivided into oil, medicinal rose and edible rose according to the use and variety characteristics, the main purpose of the oil rose is to extract rose oil, the rose oil is volatile oil, and aromatic oil used as spice can be extracted. Rose oil is one of the world's famous and precious perfume oils, widely used in cosmetics, food, medicine and tobacco, etc., and is very expensive, often called "liquid gold".
The roses as ancient cultivars have more relevant technical data, and usually adopt field layout of single-row planting and a conventional pruning mode. Its disadvantages are low yield per unit area and short flowering period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of roses, which has the advantages of improving the yield of the roses and prolonging the flowering phase.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a planting method of roses, which comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting full rose seeds for seed pretreatment, soaking the seeds in gibberellin and water in sequence, and then accelerating germination in a temperature-variable stratification mode;
seedling cultivation: sowing the cracked rose seeds in nutrient soil, and culturing into rose seedlings;
transplanting and planting: ploughing and sterilizing the planting soil, and then planting and transplanting the rose seedlings;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying a mixed material of an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and Chinese medicine residues to the fertilizer, and regularly trimming branches and ploughing soil;
and (3) pest control: and (3) carrying out pest control on the rose plants by using a method combining chemical control and physical control.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the method, gibberellin and warm water seed soaking, temperature-changing laminating are adopted for accelerating germination, seedlings are cultivated in nutrient soil, the seedlings are transplanted into planting soil for planting, organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and traditional Chinese medicine mixed slag are adopted for fertilizing, and a chemical and physical method is combined for pest control to plant the roses, so that the flowering phase of the roses is prolonged, the yield of the roses is increased, and the disease and pest ratio of the roses is reduced.
According to the germination accelerating step, the modes of gibberellin soaking, warm water soaking and variable temperature stratification are adopted in sequence for accelerating germination, soluble sugar in the seeds begins to increase, starch and protein are decomposed into small molecular substances, energy and nutrient substances are provided for germination of the seeds in advance, power is provided for subsequent germination, the germination rate of the rose seeds can be greatly improved compared with the conditions of low-temperature germination accelerating, naked germination and the like, and the planting yield of the roses is facilitated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting full rose seeds for seed pretreatment, soaking the seeds in gibberellin and water in sequence, and then accelerating germination in a temperature-variable stratification mode;
seedling cultivation: sowing the cracked rose seeds in nutrient soil, and culturing into rose seedlings;
transplanting and planting: ploughing and sterilizing the planting soil, and then planting and transplanting the rose seedlings;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying a mixed material of an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and Chinese medicine residues to the fertilizer, and regularly trimming branches and ploughing soil;
and (3) pest control: and (3) carrying out pest control on the rose plants by using a method combining chemical control and physical control.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the seed pretreatment in the step of selecting seeds and accelerating germination specifically comprises: soaking the materials in clear water for 12-24 hours, naturally drying the materials for 5-8 hours, and finally storing the materials at 4 ℃ for later use. The rose seeds can be broken by soaking in clear water.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of gibberellin in the step of selecting seeds and accelerating germination is 0.4-0.6 g/L, the soaking time is 2-3 h, the temperature of water is 28-30 ℃, and the soaking time is 4-6 h. Gibberellin can improve the activity of nutrient invertase, promote the transformation, decomposition and utilization of nutrient substances and promote seed germination; the gibberellin is adopted for soaking, and then the gibberellin is adopted for soaking, so that the completion of seed dormancy can be accelerated, and the germination rate can be improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature-controlled stratification in the step of seed selection and germination acceleration is 50-80 days at 3-5 ℃, and then the temperature-controlled stratification is transferred to 10-20 days at 28-35 ℃. Firstly, roses seeds are subjected to low-temperature stratification, the seeds gradually break dormancy, soluble sugar in the seeds begins to increase, starch and protein are decomposed into small molecular substances, energy and nutrient substances are provided for the germination of the seeds in advance, and power is provided for the subsequent germination.
In some embodiments of the invention, the nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation step is prepared from vermiculite, peat soil and diatomite in a ratio of (1-2): 1: (1-2), wherein the particle size of the nutrient soil is 0.1-0.2 cm. The diatomite has the advantages of moisturizing, loosening soil and prolonging the pesticide effect; the peat is sterile, nontoxic, pollution-free, good in ventilation performance, light in weight, water-holding, fertilizer-retaining, beneficial to microbial activity, capable of enhancing biological performance, rich in nutrition, not only is a culture medium, but also is a good soil conditioner, and contains high organic matters, humic acid and nutritional ingredients. The vermiculite has ion exchange capacity, and can be used in combination with peat and diatomite to effectively improve the survival rate of seedlings.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the planting soil in the transplanting and planting step is prepared by mixing vegetable garden soil and sawdust in a ratio of 1: (0.5-2), sawdust and vegetable garden soil are mixed to serve as planting soil of the roses, so that the air permeability of the soil can be improved, and survival is facilitated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the plowing depth of the planting soil in the transplanting and planting step is 25-35 cm, and the sterilization adopts solarization sterilization, and the sterilization time is 2-3 d.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the herb residue in the step of managing water and fertilizer includes one or more of astragalus, clove, bupleurum, hawthorn, folium cortex eucommiae, corn, salvia miltiorrhiza, angelica, schisandra, sanguisorba, atractylodes, poria cocos, and magnolia officinalis. The traditional Chinese medicine residues are added into the fertilizer, so that the disease and insect resistance of the rose trees can be improved, the resistance of plants can be improved, the use of insecticides and bactericides can be reduced, and the influence value of roses can be improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step of managing the water and fertilizer, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer to the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 1: (0.4-0.6): (0.05-0.1), the fertilizing amount is 100-200 g per plant, and the fertilizing is performed 3-6 times each time.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the cultivation temperature in the seedling cultivation step is 18 to 24 ℃, and the environmental humidity is 40 to 50%.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, firstly soaking for 18h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peels and pulps, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 6h, and finally placing in a glass bottle to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; preparing 0.5g/L GA3 solution, soaking the seeds in the GA3 solution for 3h, then soaking in warm water at 30 ℃ for 6h, taking out and air-drying; mixing the seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, mixing to obtain a seed sand mixture, paving 15cm of wet river sand with the water content of 50% at the bottom of the lamination box, then adding the seed sand mixture, and paving a layer of 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 50% on the seed sand mixture, wherein a vent hole is arranged in the period; the stack was placed at 4 ℃ for 60d and then transferred to 30 ℃ for 10 d.
Seedling cultivation: the weight ratio of the raw materials is 1: 1: 1, fully mixing vermiculite, peat soil and diatomite to obtain nutrient soil in the embodiment, sowing the rose seeds cracked in the lamination process in the nutrient soil, covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds, and cultivating the rose seeds into rose seedlings at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 40-50%;
transplanting and planting: adopting clean vegetable garden soil and sawdust according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, mixing, sterilizing for 2d in sunlight, then paving into a planting area with the thickness of 30cm, if planting soil in the planting area does not need to be prepared again, turning over for 25-35 cm, planting and transplanting rose seedlings in the planting soil with the row spacing of 70cm and the plant spacing of 50cm, and watering the rose seedlings after planting;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizers to the rose plants 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 150 g/plant each time, and the fertilizers adopt organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and Chinese herb residues according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.5: 0.1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, animal wastes and fallen leaves, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the inorganic fertilizer is 5:3:2, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by decocting hawthorn, radix bupleuri, schisandra chinensis, poria cocos, corn and mangnolia officinalis; periodically irrigating, pruning branches, weeding and ploughing soil during the planting period of the rose plants, wherein a nutrient is sprayed before and after pruning the branches each time;
and (3) pest control: the method combines chemical prevention and physical prevention and control to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests of the rose plants, wherein the physical prevention and control is realized by fully utilizing a backboard and an insecticidal lamp; the chemical prevention and control is to spray 25 percent of wettable powder which is diluted by 1000 times and chlorothalonil which is diluted by 800 times.
Example 2
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, firstly soaking for 24h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peels and pulps, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 5h, and finally placing in a glass bottle to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; preparing 0.6g/L GA3 solution, soaking the seeds in the GA3 solution for 2h, then soaking in warm water at 32 ℃ for 4h, taking out and air-drying; mixing the seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3.5, mixing to obtain a seed sand mixture, paving 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 60% at the bottom of the lamination box, then adding the seed sand mixture, and paving a layer of 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 60% on the seed sand mixture, wherein a vent hole is arranged in the period; the stack was placed at 5 ℃ for 80d and then transferred to 35 ℃ for 10 d.
Seedling cultivation: the weight ratio is 2: 1: 1, fully mixing vermiculite, peat soil and diatomite to obtain nutrient soil in the embodiment, sowing the rose seeds cracked in the lamination process in the nutrient soil, covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds, and cultivating the rose seeds into rose seedlings at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 40-50%;
transplanting and planting: adopting clean vegetable garden soil and sawdust according to a weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing, sterilizing for 3d in sunlight, paving into a planting area with the thickness of 25cm, turning over for 25-35 cm if planting soil in the planting area does not need to be prepared again, planting and transplanting rose seedlings in the planting soil with the row spacing of 65cm and the plant spacing of 55cm, and watering the rose seedlings after planting;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizers to 6 rose plants every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 100 g/plant each time, and the fertilizers adopt organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and Chinese herb residues according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.6: 0.05, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, animal wastes and fallen leaves, the ratio of the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer in the inorganic fertilizer is 4:4:2, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by decocting the salvia miltiorrhiza, the angelica sinensis, the bighead atractylodes rhizome and the mangnolia officinalis; periodically irrigating, pruning branches, weeding and ploughing soil during the planting period of the rose plants, wherein a nutrient is sprayed before and after pruning the branches each time;
and (3) pest control: the method combines chemical prevention and physical prevention and control to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests of the rose plants, wherein the physical prevention and control is realized by fully utilizing a backboard and an insecticidal lamp; the chemical prevention and treatment is to spray 25 percent of wettable powder diluted by 800 times and chlorothalonil diluted by 800 times.
Example 3
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, firstly soaking for 12h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peels and pulps, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 8h, and finally placing in a glass bottle to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; preparing 0.4g/L GA3 solution, soaking the seeds in the GA3 solution for 2.5h, then soaking in warm water at 28 ℃ for 6h, taking out and air-drying; mixing the seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, mixing to obtain a seed sand mixture, paving 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 55% at the bottom of the lamination box, then adding the seed sand mixture, and paving a layer of 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 60% on the seed sand mixture, wherein a vent hole is arranged in the period; the stack was placed at 3 ℃ for 70d and then transferred to 28 ℃ for 15 d.
Seedling cultivation: the weight ratio is 2: 1: 2, fully mixing the vermiculite, the peat soil and the diatomite to obtain the nutrient soil in the embodiment, sowing the rose seeds cracked in the lamination process in the nutrient soil, covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds, and cultivating the rose seeds into rose seedlings at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 40-50%;
transplanting and planting: adopting clean vegetable garden soil and sawdust according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, mixing, sterilizing for 3 days in sunlight, paving into a planting area with the thickness of 25cm, turning over for 25-35 cm if planting soil in the planting area does not need to be prepared again, planting and transplanting rose seedlings in the planting soil with the row spacing of 60cm and the plant spacing of 55cm, and watering the rose seedlings after planting;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizers to the rose plants 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 120 g/plant each time, and the fertilizers adopt organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and Chinese herb residues according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.6: 0.08, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, animal wastes and fallen leaves, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the inorganic fertilizer is 4:4:2, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by decocting eucommia ulmoides leaves, garden burnet, poria cocos, astragalus mongholicus, angelica sinensis and salvia miltiorrhiza; periodically irrigating, pruning branches, weeding and ploughing soil during the planting period of the rose plants, wherein a nutrient is sprayed before and after pruning the branches each time;
and (3) pest control: the method combines chemical prevention and physical prevention and control to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests of the rose plants, wherein the physical prevention and control is realized by fully utilizing a backboard and an insecticidal lamp; the chemical prevention and control is to spray 25 percent of wettable powder which is diluted by 1000 times and chlorothalonil which is diluted by 1000 times.
Example 4
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, firstly soaking for 15h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peels and pulps, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 7h, and finally placing in a glass bottle to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; preparing 0.5g/L GA3 solution, soaking the seeds in the GA3 solution for 2h, then soaking in warm water at 30 ℃ for 6h, taking out and air-drying; mixing the seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, mixing to obtain a seed sand mixture, paving 20cm of wet river sand with the water content of 55% at the bottom of the lamination box, then adding the seed sand mixture, and paving a layer of 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 60% on the seed sand mixture, wherein a vent hole is arranged in the period; the stack was placed at 4 ℃ for 80d and then transferred to 30 ℃ for 10 d.
Seedling cultivation: the weight ratio of the raw materials is 1: 1: 2, fully mixing the vermiculite, the peat soil and the diatomite to obtain the nutrient soil in the embodiment, sowing the rose seeds cracked in the lamination process in the nutrient soil, covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds, and cultivating the rose seeds into rose seedlings at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 40-50%;
transplanting and planting: adopting clean vegetable garden soil and sawdust according to the weight ratio of 2: 3, mixing, sterilizing for 2d in sunlight, paving into a planting area with the thickness of 25cm, turning over for 25-35 cm if planting soil in the planting area does not need to be prepared again, planting and transplanting rose seedlings in the planting soil with the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 60cm, and watering the rose seedlings after planting;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizers to the rose plants 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 150 g/plant each time, and the fertilizers adopt organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and Chinese herb residues according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.4: 0.08, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, animal wastes and fallen leaves, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the inorganic fertilizer is 4:4:2, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by decocting the salvia miltiorrhiza and the bighead atractylodes rhizome; periodically irrigating, pruning branches, weeding and ploughing soil during the planting period of the rose plants, wherein a nutrient is sprayed before and after pruning the branches each time;
and (3) pest control: the method combines chemical prevention and physical prevention and control to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests of the rose plants, wherein the physical prevention and control is realized by fully utilizing a backboard and an insecticidal lamp; the chemical prevention and control is to spray 25 percent of wettable powder which is diluted by 1000 times and chlorothalonil which is diluted by 1000 times.
Example 5
A planting method of roses comprises the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, firstly soaking for 12h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peels and pulps, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 6h, and finally placing in a glass bottle to be stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use; preparing 0.5g/L GA3 solution, soaking the seeds in the GA3 solution for 2h, then soaking in warm water at 30 ℃ for 6h, taking out and air-drying; mixing the seeds with clean river sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 2.5, mixing to obtain a seed sand mixture, paving 20cm of wet river sand with the water content of 55% at the bottom of the lamination box, then adding the seed sand mixture, and paving a layer of 10cm of wet river sand with the water content of 60% on the seed sand mixture, wherein a vent hole is arranged in the period; the stack was placed at 4 ℃ for 80d and then transferred to 30 ℃ for 15 d.
Seedling cultivation: the weight ratio of the raw materials is 1: 1: 2, fully mixing the vermiculite, the peat soil and the diatomite to obtain the nutrient soil in the embodiment, sowing the rose seeds cracked in the lamination process in the nutrient soil, covering 1-2 cm of nutrient soil on the surfaces of the seeds, and cultivating the rose seeds into rose seedlings at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 40-50%;
transplanting and planting: adopting clean vegetable garden soil and sawdust according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, mixing, sterilizing for 3 days in sunlight, paving into a planting area with the thickness of 25cm, turning over for 25-35 cm if planting soil in the planting area does not need to be prepared again, planting and transplanting rose seedlings in the planting soil with the row spacing of 50cm and the plant spacing of 60cm, and watering the rose seedlings after planting;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying fertilizers to the rose plants 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizing amount is 150 g/plant each time, and the fertilizers adopt organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and Chinese herb residues according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.4: 0.05, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting bean cakes, animal wastes and fallen leaves, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer in the inorganic fertilizer is 4:4:2, and the traditional Chinese medicine residues are traditional Chinese medicine residues obtained by decocting the salvia miltiorrhiza and the bighead atractylodes rhizome; periodically irrigating, pruning branches, weeding and ploughing soil during the planting period of the rose plants, wherein a nutrient is sprayed before and after pruning the branches each time;
and (3) pest control: the method combines chemical prevention and physical prevention and control to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests of the rose plants, wherein the physical prevention and control is realized by fully utilizing a backboard and an insecticidal lamp; the chemical prevention and control is to spray 25 percent of wettable powder which is diluted by 1000 times and chlorothalonil which is diluted by 1000 times.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 1, the only difference being: this comparative example did not add herb residue when the fertilizer was applied.
After two years, the flowering phase, the number of fresh flowers per plant, the yield of fresh flowers and the incidence rate of common diseases and insect pests of the roses in examples 1-5 are counted, wherein the incidence rate is counted by respectively randomly selecting 100 roses and counting the proportion of the disease and insect growth; note: the rose trees with the disease and insect growth rate are counted, and the pesticide liquid for preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests is not sprayed in advance. The final statistical results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Compared with the traditional planting technology in the prior art, the annual yield is only about 200kg, the flowering phase is about 20 days, and the roses planted by the planting methods in the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative example can be prolonged in flowering phase and increased in yield. However, compared with examples 1-5, the fertilizer in the comparative example does not adopt traditional Chinese medicine residues, and has little influence on the flowering period, the number of flowers and the total yield, wherein the number of flowers and the total yield are only slightly lower, but have great influence on pest and disease damage, which indicates that the traditional Chinese medicine residues are used as the fertilizer together with inorganic and organic fertilizers, so that the pest and disease damage resistance of the rose trees can be improved, and the proportion of pest and disease damage is reduced.
Examples of the experiments
The experimental example explores the influence of different germination accelerating modes on the release of seed dormancy.
Selecting fresh and plump rose seeds, soaking for 18h by using clear water, repeatedly rubbing and washing in the soaking process, removing peel and pulp, draining, placing in a cool and ventilated place, naturally drying for 6h, and finally placing in a glass bottle and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use. The rose seeds are randomly divided into 11 experimental groups, and the treatment of the rose seeds in each experimental group is as follows:
experimental group 1: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, soaking in 30 deg.C warm water for 6 hr, and performing temperature-variable lamination (lamination at 4 deg.C for 80d, and lamination at 30 deg.C for 10 d).
Experimental group 2: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, soaking in 30 deg.C warm water for 6 hr, and layering at 4 deg.C for 90 days.
Experimental group 3: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, soaking in 30 deg.C warm water for 6 hr, and high-temperature laminating at 30 deg.C for 90 d.
Experimental group 4: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, and performing temperature swing lamination for 90d (80 d at 4 deg.C, 10d at 30 deg.C).
Experimental group 5: directly subjecting the rose seeds to temperature-changing lamination for 90d (lamination at 4 deg.C for 80d, and lamination at 30 deg.C for 10 d).
Experimental group 6: directly laminating the rose seeds at a low temperature of 4 ℃ for 90 d.
Experimental group 7: directly laminating the rose seeds at a high temperature of 30 ℃ for 90 d.
Experimental group 8: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, soaking in 30 deg.C warm water for 6 hr, and germinating at 4 deg.C.
Experimental group 9: soaking in 0.5g/L GA3 solution for 3 hr, soaking in warm water at 30 deg.C for 6 hr, and germinating at 25 deg.C.
Experimental group 10 (control group 1): directly placing the rose seeds in an environment at 4 ℃ for germination.
Experimental group 11 (control group 2): directly placing the rose seeds in an environment at 25 ℃ for germination.
The germination rates of the rose seeds of the above experimental groups after 90d and 110d respectively, wherein the same treatment is adopted after 90d in each experimental group, namely natural germination is carried out at room temperature (25 ℃). The germination rates are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, the germination percentage was highest in experimental group 1 after both 90 days and 110 days, wherein the germination percentage was 95.83% in 110 days; as can be seen from the experimental groups 1-3, the germination rate is higher by adopting a temperature-variable stratification mode than by adopting a low-temperature stratification mode and a high-temperature stratification mode; comparing the experimental group 1, the experimental group 4 and the experimental group 5, it can be seen that the germination rate is slightly reduced without soaking in warm water before stratification, and the germination rate is lower without soaking in gibberellin and warm water; compared with the experimental groups 5-7, the high-temperature stratification germination rate is very low if gibberellin and warm water are not adopted for soaking and the stratification is directly carried out; compared with the experimental group 10 and the experimental group 8 or the experimental group 9 and the experimental group 11, it can be seen that only gibberellin soaking is adopted, so that the influence on the germination rate is not great, the effect is greatly improved only when gibberellin soaking is matched with lamination, and particularly after the gibberellin soaking, warm water soaking and temperature change lamination are combined, the germination rate is very high.
In summary, according to the planting method of the rose, the steps of soaking seeds with gibberellin and warm water, accelerating germination in a temperature-variable laminating mode, cultivating seedlings in nutrient soil, transplanting the seedlings into planting soil for planting, applying fertilizer by using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and traditional Chinese medicine mixed slag, and performing pest control by combining a chemical and physical method are adopted to plant the rose, so that the flowering phase of the rose is prolonged, the yield of the rose is increased, and the disease and pest ratio of the rose is reduced.
According to the germination accelerating step, the modes of gibberellin soaking, warm water soaking and variable temperature stratification are adopted in sequence for accelerating germination, soluble sugar in the seeds begins to increase, starch and protein are decomposed into small molecular substances, energy and nutrient substances are provided for germination of the seeds in advance, power is provided for subsequent germination, the germination rate of the rose seeds can be greatly improved compared with the conditions of low-temperature germination accelerating, naked germination and the like, and the planting yield of the roses is facilitated.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seed selection and germination acceleration: selecting full rose seeds for seed pretreatment, soaking the seeds in gibberellin and water in sequence, and then accelerating germination in a temperature-variable stratification mode;
seedling cultivation: sowing the cracked rose seeds in nutrient soil, and culturing into rose seedlings;
transplanting and planting: ploughing and sterilizing the planting soil, and then planting and transplanting the rose seedlings;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: applying a mixed material of an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and Chinese medicine residues to the fertilizer, and regularly trimming branches and ploughing soil;
and (3) pest control: and (3) carrying out pest control on the rose plants by using a method combining chemical control and physical control.
2. The planting method of roses according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of seeds in the step of seed selection and germination acceleration specifically comprises: soaking the materials in clear water for 12-24 hours, naturally drying the materials for 5-8 hours, and finally storing the materials at 4 ℃ for later use.
3. The planting method of roses according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of gibberellin in the step of seed selection and germination acceleration is 0.4-0.6 g/L, the soaking time is 2-3 h, the temperature of water is 28-30 ℃, and the soaking time is 4-6 h.
4. The planting method of roses according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-changing stratification in the step of seed selection and germination acceleration is 50-80 days at 3-5 ℃ and then is transferred to 10-20 days at 28-35 ℃.
5. The planting method of rose flowers according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation step is prepared from vermiculite, peat soil and diatomite in a weight ratio of (1-2): 1: (1-2), wherein the particle size of the nutrient soil is 0.1-0.2 cm.
6. The planting method of rose flowers according to claim 1, wherein the planting soil in the transplanting and planting step is a mixture of vegetable garden soil and sawdust, and the ratio of the vegetable garden soil to the sawdust is 1: (0.5-2).
7. The planting method of roses according to claim 1, wherein the plowing depth of the planting soil in the transplanting and planting step is 25-35 cm, and the sterilization adopts solarization sterilization, and the sterilization time is 2-3 d.
8. The planting method of rose flowers according to claim 1, wherein the herb residue in the step of water and fertilizer management comprises one or more of astragalus membranaceus, clove, radix bupleuri, hawthorn, folium cortex eucommiae, corn, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, angelica sinensis, schisandra chinensis, sanguisorba officinalis, bighead atractylodes rhizome, poria cocos and mangnolia officinalis.
9. The planting method of roses according to claim 1, wherein in the step of managing the water and fertilizer, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer to the inorganic fertilizer to the traditional Chinese medicine dregs is 1: (0.4-0.6): (0.05-0.1), the fertilizing amount is 100-200 g per plant, and the fertilizing is performed 3-6 times each time.
10. The planting method of rose flowers according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation temperature in the seedling cultivation step is 18 to 24 ℃ and the environmental humidity is 40 to 50%.
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| CN114375776A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-22 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Heavy metal super-accumulation plant cultivation method |
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