CN113099934A - Technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of clausena lansium orchard - Google Patents
Technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of clausena lansium orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099934A CN113099934A CN202110428177.1A CN202110428177A CN113099934A CN 113099934 A CN113099934 A CN 113099934A CN 202110428177 A CN202110428177 A CN 202110428177A CN 113099934 A CN113099934 A CN 113099934A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for improving soil fertility and benefits of a wampee orchard, which comprises the steps of ditching in a passageway between wampee tree rows, burying and falling leaves, applying a liquid fertilizer, applying a high-efficiency calcium and boron fertilizer, spraying a biological decomposition agent and planting leguminous crops, wherein the main mode of an intercropping mode of the wampee trees and the leguminous crops is ditching in the middle passageway of two rows of the wampee trees. The technology for improving the soil fertility and the benefit of the clausena lansium orchard improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer by applying the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer; the fruit setting rate, the storage and transportation resistance and the stress resistance of the flower are improved through the high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer, and the decomposition of fallen leaves and straws is accelerated by spraying the biological decomposition agent; biological nitrogen is supplemented for soil by leguminous crops planted in the cultivation field, and biological carbon of the soil is increased by fallen leaves and straws returned to the field, so that sustainable utilization of cultivated land of the wampee orchard is finally realized, and economic, social and environmental benefits of wampee planting are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation mode for multiple cropping of wampee and leguminous crops, which can improve the soil fertility and benefit of a wampee orchard.
Background
Yellow skin introduction and efficacy: the yellow-skinned Chinese has been in the original southern China for more than one thousand, five and hundred years. Clausena lansium belongs to Rutaceae, small arbor, height can reach 12 m, and three types of sweet Clausena lansium, sour Clausena lansium and bitter Clausena lansium are commonly known as the famous Chinese fruit. The wampee contains abundant vitamin C, sugar, organic acid and pectin, and different parts of the wampee rhizome, leaf and fruit can be used as medicines, and has the effects of promoting digestion, eliminating phlegm, regulating qi, relieving stagnated heat, dispelling wind, relieving exterior syndrome, eliminating phlegm and promoting qi circulation. The wampee is a warm, moist and sunny environment, the rain and heat resources in the south China are rich, the wampee is suitable for planting, the wampee is rich in fertility, loose, deep and well irrigated soil layers, and the soil with water accumulation, drought, high dryness and heavy hardening of soil is avoided.
Leguminous crops including soybeans, mung beans, small red beans, kidney beans and the like are increasingly known to have the effects in a planting system, and the leguminous crops have the advantages of symbiotic nitrogen fixation compared with other crops, can supplement biological nitrogen for soil, and can supplement biological carbon for the soil if the straws of the leguminous crops are returned to the field, so that the leguminous crops are the essential dominant crops for improving the crop productivity and restoring the soil fertility by intercropping and interplanting.
The intercropping is an important component of the traditional agriculture in China, has the effects of increasing the yield, improving the resource utilization efficiency, increasing the number of soil microorganisms, increasing the biological diversity and stability of farmlands, improving the ecological environment of farmlands, promoting ecological balance and the like, can be used for intercropping the leguminous crops on the basis of a single crop, can utilize the biological nitrogen fixation of the leguminous crops, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers and reduce the pressure of the ecological environment, and is an important technology in the sustainable agricultural development.
At present, wampee is produced and usually planted on hills and sloping fields, the soil in the places usually has low organic matter content, shallow soil layer and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, the growth and development of the wampee are seriously influenced, the soil fertility is consumed year by year along with the mature of wampee fruits year after year along with the extension of the production period of a wampee orchard, the organic matter content of the soil is directly and seriously reduced, although the previous management of the fruit orchard pays attention to the fertilization of wampee trees, the fertilization can directly supplement nutrition to the trees, the granular structure of the soil is damaged due to the annual fertilization year after year, the rhizosphere soil is seriously hardened, the water and air permeability are increasingly poor, the fertilizer suction capacity of a root system is increasingly poor, the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low, a lot of fertilizer applied to the soil cannot be utilized, the fertilizer is wasted, and the soil environment is damaged, due to the deterioration of the soil environment, the wampee yield is low and unstable, the quality is poor, in addition, fallen leaves are removed in about 10 months every year in many litchi orchards, the fallen leaves are removed, and meanwhile, the biological carbon is taken away, so the biological carbon in the soil needs to be supplemented urgently, in addition, the wampee is thin in peel and loose in structure, the wampee is easy to be damaged by mechanical damage and germs, the loss rate of fresh fruits after being picked is extremely high, the commodity circulation and market supply are severely restricted, and the wampee production and the economic benefit are influenced.
One previous patent about wampee tree soil fertilization is searched, namely a patent number (CN 106518404A), the patent relates to a special wampee fruit fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and provides a preparation method of the wampee fertilizer. The patent of this application is through the leguminous crop of compound planting soil cultivation, and measures such as landfill fallen leaves and straw returning field, through biological decomposition agent acceleration fallen leaves and straw decomposition, thus for biological carbon and biological nitrogen of soil supplement, can more effectively activate soil, through the technological application of year after year, can resume land fertility, apply high-efficient liquid fertilizer through the liquid fertilizer applicator, promoted absorption and high-efficient utilization of fertilizer, realize increasing production and income, improve three big benefits of economy, society and environment. The application is essentially different from the prior (CN 106518404A) patent and is more scientific and innovative than the prior patent.
Therefore, aiming at the current situations of low soil fertility and low benefit of wampee orchards, a cultivation mode for intercropping wampee and leguminous crops is designed, the soil environment for the growth of wampee trees is improved, the soil fertility of the orchards is restored, the sustainable utilization of orchard cultivated land is guaranteed, the flower setting and fruit setting rate and the thickness of fruit peel of the wampee are increased through a cultivation technology, the high-quality synergy of wampee fruits is realized, the enthusiasm of farmers for planting the wampee is mobilized, and the economic, social and environmental benefits of the orchards are synchronously improved finally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of a clausena lansium orchard, and aims to solve the technical problems of hardened rhizosphere soil, year-by-year reduction of soil fertility, reduction of fertilizer absorption capacity of a root system, reduction of soil fertility of the clausena lansium orchard and low planting benefit of the traditional cultivation technology in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of a clausena lansium orchard comprises the steps of middle aisle ditching, leaf filling, straw returning and leguminous crop planting, wherein the middle aisle ditching is adopted in the mode of intercropping the clausena lansium and the leguminous crop, the mode of intercropping the clausena lansium and the leguminous crop comprises the main mode of ditching in the middle aisles of two rows of clausena lansium trees, the ditch width is 80cm, the depth is 50cm, the clausena lansium leaves and the leguminous crop straws are stored and buried in the ditch, a biological decomposition agent is sprayed into the ditch during the process of landfill, the leaves and the like are filled in the ditch, then the dug soil is filled on the surface of the ditch, the depth of the soil covering is generally 25-30cm, the soil is covered and pressed, the leguminous crop plants are planted on the surface of the ditch with the width of 80cm, 3 lines of leguminous crop are planted in.
Preferably, the mode of intercropping and interplanting wampee and leguminous crops is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting
In the wampee garden, ditching directly in the passageways between wampee rows in the first year; in the second year, ditching is carried out again on the basis of ditching in the first year, wherein ditching is carried out on middle passageways of two rows of Chinese wampee trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, and the depth of each ditch is 50 cm;
furrowing is carried out in the wampee garden manually, so that leguminous crops can be planted by effectively utilizing gaps among wampee plants, the width of each furrow is 80cm, the depth of each furrow is 50cm, the space required by the growth of fallen leaves and the growth of the leguminous crops planted subsequently can be effectively ensured, the fallen wampee leaves or the straws of the leguminous crops can be buried in the furrows, the decomposition rate of the fallen wampee leaves is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon can be supplemented to soil in time, and therefore nutrients can be supplemented to the root growth of the wampee;
step two: cleaning channel
Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;
step three: device for installing liquid fertilizer applicator
The liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at the position 30cm near the wampee tree root and is cleaned in the step one is inserted into a soil layer, the upper end of the fertilizer applicator is similar to a funnel in shape, an opening and a cover are arranged above the fertilizer applicator, the opening is opened when fertilizer is needed to be applied, the device can be used for supplying wampee high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement of the wampee root system, macroelements, microelements and the like can be carried out through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;
step four: burying fallen leaves, and spraying biological decomposition agent
Burying plants and fallen leaves of leguminous crops and wampee in the ditch, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditch after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25 cm-30 cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met; ditching 10 months in the first year in a clausena lansium orchard, and synchronously collecting fallen leaves and burying the fallen leaves in the ditches;
step five: applying high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer
The high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer (optional extraction of calcium boron) is applied at the early stage of yellow skin flowering, flower setting and fruit setting can be promoted, the formation of structural substances of cell walls in the fruit peel is increased, the thickness of the fruit peel is further increased, and the storage and transportation resistance, yield and resistance are improved;
step six: seed selection of leguminous crops
(1) Selecting proper leguminous crop varieties, and selecting the leguminous crop varieties capable of normally maturing according to the temperature accumulation zone of the wampee garden. After selecting a proper variety, selecting seeds with plump seeds and uniform sizes for composite planting before sowing;
(2) in order to promote the germination of leguminous crops and realize uniform and strong seedlings, a biological seed coating agent for leguminous crops is adopted for coating treatment, and the using amount of the biological seed coating agent is 1.2-1.5 percent of the weight of seeds;
step seven: planting leguminous crops
Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;
step eight: field management after intercropping
After leguminous crops are intercropped, the daily cultivation and management measures of the two crops of wampee and leguminous crops in the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, disease, pest and weed control and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the wampee or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests using the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the disease, pest and weed control drug suggests using biological drugs or control methods to improve the quality of the wampee and leguminous crops, and in addition, particularly, when a delayed regulator such as ethephon, paclobutrazol, uniconazole and the like is sprayed on wampee trees, the leguminous crop plants are necessarily shielded to prevent the drugs from generating inhibition effect on the growth of the leguminous crops to influence the growth and development of the leguminous crops;
step nine: multiple planting mode
The harvested plants are subjected to hole expanding and green pressing in winter every year by combining garden cleaning and soil turning, soil curing is facilitated, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, not only can the orchard be cleaned, but also the soil structure can be effectively improved, the root absorption surface is enlarged, the oxygen content of roots is enhanced, the good growth condition of wampee plants is effectively guaranteed, from the second year, the places where leguminous plants are originally planted in furrows are furrowed again in 10 months every year, the harvested leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves are simultaneously collected and buried in the furrows, the link that the fallen leaves are usually cleaned and discarded in a common wampee garden is replaced, the decomposition of the leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves can be effectively promoted by spraying a biological decomposition agent, the crop plants have the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, therefore, the carbon source and the nitrogen source can be supplemented for the soil by the filling and planting of the leguminous plants, and the land fertility, because the leaf of leguminous crops is thinner than the wax layer on the surface of the wampee leaf and has better palatability to insects, the use of certain pesticides for pest control in the growth process of wampee can be effectively reduced through compound planting, and after rhizosphere soil is activated, the root activity of wampee is enhanced, which is beneficial to flower setting and fruit setting of wampee trees and the formation of yield;
the technical mode can be applied to the wampee cultivation technology of different varieties, and the specific planting mode is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawing of the specification in detail.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the yellow-skinned and leguminous crop intercropping mode has the advantages that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved by applying the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, the biological carbon source and the nitrogen source are supplemented for soil by burying fallen leaves, leguminous crop plants and leguminous crops serving as planting field crops, so that the soil fertility is greatly restored, the root system activity of a yellow-skinned tree body is improved, the rhizosphere soil environment of the yellow-skinned is finally activated by the compound planting mode of intercropping, a good nutrient supply environment is created for the root system, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity of the root system is promoted, the use of agents for preventing and controlling certain plant diseases and insect pests of the yellow-skinned is reduced, the fruit setting of the yellow-skinned is promoted and the thickness of the peel is improved by applying the high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer, the transport resistance and the stress resistance of the yellow-skinned are improved, the synchronous improvement of the yield and the quality of the yellow-skinned are finally realized, the sustainable utilization, Social benefit and ecological benefit, and has good popularization and application values;
1. the cuticle of the leaves of the leguminous crops is thinner than that of the leaves of the clausena lansium, and the palatability of the leaves of the leguminous crops to insects is better than that of the leaves of the clausena lansium, so that the insects prefer to use the leguminous crops as food, the occurrence quantity of yellow skin insect pests is reduced, and the pesticide spraying frequency of preventing and controlling the insect pests in the growth period of the clausena lansium can be reduced; therefore, the cultivation and management process of the clausena lansium fruit trees is healthier, the yield and the quality of the clausena lansium fruits are improved, the fruit setting of the clausena lansium is promoted by applying the high-efficiency calcium and boron fertilizer, the thickness of the pericarp is increased, and the storage and transportation resistance and the stress resistance of the clausena lansium are improved.
2. The adopted cultivation mode can improve the organic matter content of rhizosphere soil year by year, can obviously improve the soil fertility of the wampee garden along with the increase of the mode adopted period, is beneficial to the sustainable utilization of land, has positive significance on environmental protection, and leguminous crops belong to excellent soil cultivation and ecological crops, can further play a role in supplementing biological nitrogen by fixing nitrogen in the air through root nodules, further reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the input cost of nitrogen fertilizer; in addition, the biological decomposition agent can accelerate the conversion of fallen leaves and straws into biological carbon and increase the biological carbon in soil. The technical scheme operates year by year, the general soil can effectively form granular structures of the soil in 3-5 years, the content of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is increased, and the functions of activating the soil and recovering the soil fertility are realized, so that the root system of the fruit tree grows in the safe soil, the nutrients in the soil are activated, the root system develops well, and the improvement of the water and fertilizer absorbing capacity of the root system can be promoted. Therefore, the good soil environment can ensure the healthy growth of the fruit trees.
Through the key points, the method can improve the economic benefit and social benefit of the yellow skin planting, improve the environmental benefit of the orchard, and is beneficial to the sustainable development of the orchard.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a multiple cropping pattern of wampee and legumes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of the liquid fertilizer applicator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of a wampee orchard is characterized in that steps required by a wampee and leguminous crop intercropping mode include middle aisle ditching, leaf burying and leguminous crop planting, the main mode of the wampee and leguminous crop intercropping mode includes ditching in the middle aisles of two rows of wampee trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm and the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the filled and buried wampee leaves are stored in the ditches, a biological decomposition agent is sprayed into the ditches during burying, the leguminous crops are planted in the ditches, 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted in the ditches with the width of 80cm, and 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted on the ditches with the width of 25cm in the ditches with the width of 80 cm.
A technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of a clausena lansium orchard is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting
In the wampee garden, ditching directly in the passageways between wampee rows in the first year; in the second year, ditching is carried out again on the basis of ditching in the first year, wherein ditching is carried out on middle passageways of two rows of Chinese wampee trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, and the depth of each ditch is 50 cm;
furrowing is carried out in the wampee garden manually, so that leguminous crops can be planted by effectively utilizing gaps among wampee plants, the width of each furrow is 80cm, the depth of each furrow is 50cm, the space required by the growth of fallen leaves and the growth of the leguminous crops planted subsequently can be effectively ensured, the fallen wampee leaves or the straws of the leguminous crops can be buried in the furrows, the decomposition rate of the fallen wampee leaves is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon can be supplemented to soil in time, and therefore nutrients can be supplemented to the root growth of the wampee;
step two: cleaning channel
Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;
step three: device for installing liquid fertilizer applicator
The liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at the position 30cm near the wampee tree root and is cleaned in the step one is inserted into a soil layer, the upper end of the fertilizer applicator is similar to a funnel in shape, an opening and a cover are arranged above the fertilizer applicator, the opening is opened when fertilizer is needed to be applied, the device can be used for supplying wampee high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement of the wampee root system, macroelements, microelements and the like can be carried out through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;
step four: burying fallen leaves, and spraying biological decomposition agent
Burying plants and fallen leaves of leguminous crops and wampee in the ditch, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditch after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25 cm-30 cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met; ditching 10 months in the first year in a clausena lansium orchard, and synchronously collecting fallen leaves and burying the fallen leaves in the ditches;
step five: applying high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer
The high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer (optional extraction of calcium boron) is applied at the early stage of yellow skin flowering, flower setting and fruit setting can be promoted, the formation of structural substances of cell walls in the fruit peel is increased, the thickness of the fruit peel is further increased, and the storage and transportation resistance, yield and resistance are improved;
step six: seed selection of leguminous crops
(1) Selecting proper leguminous crop varieties (any crop in soybeans, small red beans, mung beans or kidney beans and the like), and selecting the leguminous crop varieties capable of normally maturing according to the temperature accumulation zone of the wampee garden. After selecting a proper variety, selecting seeds with plump seeds and uniform size for multiple cropping before sowing;
(2) in order to promote the germination of leguminous crops and realize uniform and strong seedlings, a biological seed coating agent for leguminous crops is adopted for coating treatment, and the using amount of the biological seed coating agent is 1.2-1.5 percent of the weight of seeds;
step seven: planting leguminous crops
Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;
step eight: field management after intercropping
After the leguminous crops are intercropped, the daily cultivation management measures of the wampee and leguminous crops in the orchard during the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the wampee or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests using the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control drug suggests using biological drugs or control methods to improve the yield and quality of the wampee and leguminous crop seeds.
Step nine: multiple planting mode
The harvested plants are subjected to hole expanding and green pressing in winter every year by combining garden cleaning and soil turning, soil curing is facilitated, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, not only can the orchard be cleaned, but also the soil structure can be effectively improved, the root absorption surface is enlarged, the oxygen content of roots is enhanced, the good growth condition of wampee plants is effectively guaranteed, from the second year, the places where leguminous plants are originally planted in furrows are furrowed again in 10 months every year, the harvested leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves are simultaneously collected and buried in the furrows, the link that the fallen leaves are usually cleaned and discarded in a common wampee garden is replaced, the decomposition of the leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves can be effectively promoted by spraying a biological decomposition agent, the crop plants have the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, therefore, the carbon source and the nitrogen source can be supplemented for the soil by the filling and planting of the leguminous plants, and the land fertility, because the leaf of leguminous crops is thinner than the wax layer on the surface of the wampee leaf and has better palatability to insects, the use of certain pesticides for pest control in the growth process of wampee can be effectively reduced through compound planting, and after rhizosphere soil is activated, the root activity of wampee is enhanced, which is beneficial to flower setting and fruit setting of wampee trees and the formation of yield;
the technical mode can be applied to the wampee cultivation technology of different varieties, and the specific planting mode is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawing of the specification in detail.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. A technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of a clausena lansium orchard is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of middle aisle ditching, leaf burying, liquid fertilizer application, biological decomposition agent spraying and leguminous crop planting, wherein the middle aisle is used for ditching, the leaf burying and the falling, the biological decomposition agent spraying and the leguminous crop planting are mainly adopted in the mode of the intercropping of the wampee and the leguminous crop, the width of the ditch is 80cm, the depth of the ditch is 50cm, the fallen leaves of the wampee are buried and buried in the ditch, the biological decomposition agent is sprayed in the ditch during the burying, the leguminous crop is planted in the ditch, 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted in the ditch with the width of 80cm, the row spacing of the leguminous crop is 25cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.
2. The technology for improving soil fertility and benefit of clausena lansium orchards according to claim 1, wherein the technology comprises the following steps: the mode of intercropping and interplanting wampee and leguminous crops is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting
In the wampee garden, ditching directly in the passageways between wampee rows in the first year; in the second year, ditching is carried out again on the basis of ditching in the first year, wherein ditching is carried out on middle passageways of two rows of Chinese wampee trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, and the depth of each ditch is 50 cm;
furrowing is carried out in the wampee garden manually, so that leguminous crops can be planted by effectively utilizing gaps among wampee plants, the width of each furrow is 80cm, the depth of each furrow is 50cm, the space required by the growth of fallen leaves and the growth of the leguminous crops planted subsequently can be effectively ensured, the fallen wampee leaves or the straws of the leguminous crops can be buried in the furrows, the decomposition rate of the fallen wampee leaves is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon can be supplemented to soil in time, and therefore nutrients can be supplemented to the root growth of the wampee;
step two: cleaning channel
Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;
step three: device for installing liquid fertilizer applicator
The liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at the position 30cm near the wampee tree root and is cleaned in the step one is inserted into a soil layer, the upper end of the fertilizer applicator is similar to a funnel in shape, an opening and a cover are arranged above the fertilizer applicator, the opening is opened when fertilizer is needed to be applied, the device can be used for supplying wampee high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement of the wampee root system, macroelements, microelements and the like can be carried out through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;
step four: burying fallen leaves, and spraying biological decomposition agent
Burying plants and fallen leaves of leguminous crops and wampee in the ditch, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditch after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25 cm-30 cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met; ditching 10 months in the first year in a clausena lansium orchard, and synchronously collecting fallen leaves and burying the fallen leaves in the ditches;
step five: applying high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer
The high-efficiency calcium boron fertilizer (optional extraction of calcium boron) is applied at the early stage of yellow skin flowering, flower setting and fruit setting can be promoted, the formation of structural substances of cell walls in the fruit peel is increased, the thickness of the fruit peel is further increased, and the storage and transportation resistance, yield and resistance are improved;
step six: seed selection of leguminous crops
(1) Selecting proper leguminous crop varieties (any crop in soybeans, small red beans, mung beans or kidney beans and the like), selecting the leguminous crop varieties capable of normally maturing according to the temperature accumulation zone of the yellow skin garden, and selecting seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes for multiple cropping before sowing;
(2) in order to promote the germination of leguminous crops and realize uniform and strong seedlings, a biological seed coating agent for leguminous crops is adopted for coating treatment, and the using amount of the biological seed coating agent is 1.2-1.5 percent of the weight of seeds;
step seven: planting leguminous crops
Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;
step eight: field management after intercropping
After the leguminous crops are intercropped, the daily cultivation and management measures of the two crops of the wampee and the leguminous crops in the orchard in the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, disease, pest and weed control and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the wampee or the leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests using the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the disease, pest and weed control drug suggests using biological drugs or control methods to improve the yield and the quality of the wampee and leguminous crop seeds, and in addition, particularly, when the delayed regulator such as ethephon, paclobutrazol, uniconazole and the like is sprayed on the wampee, the leguminous crop plants are shielded necessarily to prevent the drugs from generating inhibition effect on the growth of the leguminous crops and influencing the growth and development of the leguminous crops;
step nine: multiple planting mode
The harvested plants are subjected to hole expanding and green pressing in winter every year by combining garden cleaning and soil turning, soil curing is facilitated, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, not only can the orchard be cleaned, but also the soil structure can be effectively improved, the root absorption surface is enlarged, the oxygen content of roots is enhanced, the good growth condition of wampee plants is effectively guaranteed, from the second year, the places where leguminous plants are originally planted in furrows are furrowed again in 10 months every year, the harvested leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves are simultaneously collected and buried in the furrows, the link that the fallen leaves are usually cleaned and discarded in a common wampee garden is replaced, the decomposition of the leguminous plant and the wampee fallen leaves can be effectively promoted by spraying a biological decomposition agent, the crop plants have the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, therefore, the carbon source and the nitrogen source can be supplemented for the soil by the filling and planting of the leguminous plants, and the land fertility, because the leaf of leguminous crops is thinner than the wax layer on the surface of the wampee leaf and has better palatability to insects, the use of certain pesticides for pest control in the growth process of wampee can be effectively reduced through compound planting, and the root activity of the wampee is enhanced after rhizosphere soil is activated, thereby being beneficial to flower setting and fruit setting of wampee trees and formation of yield.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114946326A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-30 | 舒城县万佛山国有林场 | Germination accelerating and sowing method for fragrant fruit tree seeds |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114946326A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-30 | 舒城县万佛山国有林场 | Germination accelerating and sowing method for fragrant fruit tree seeds |
| CN114946326B (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2023-09-19 | 舒城县万佛山国有林场 | Sprouting and seeding method for seed of bergamot tree |
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