CN113099936A - Multiple cropping mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou area and recovering orchard fertility - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a technical mode for improving the drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou areas and recovering the soil ability of orchards, which comprises the steps of ditching in a passage between mango rows, burying fallen litchi leaves, applying a liquid fertilizer, spraying a biological decomposition agent, planting leguminous crops and applying a soil activation water-retaining agent, wherein the main mode is ditching in the middle passage of two rows of mangoes and planting leguminous crops; the decomposition of fallen leaves is accelerated by spraying a biological decomposition agent; the leguminous crops planted in the cultivation field supplement biological carbon sources and nitrogen sources for soil together, so that the soil fertility of the orchard is recovered; by applying the soil activating water-retaining agent, the drought resistance of mangoes in winter and spring is improved, the yield and quality of mangoes are improved, the cultivated land of a mangoes orchard can be continuously utilized, and the social benefit, the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are synchronously improved.

Description

Multiple cropping mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou area and recovering orchard fertility

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a mango and bean crop multiple cropping mode for improving the drought resistance of mangoes and recovering the soil fertility of orchards.

Background

Mango brief introduction and efficacy: mango is originally produced in southern China, and has been in history in China for more than one thousand and five hundred years. Mango belongs to Rutaceae, small arbor, height can reach 12 m, usually has three kinds of sweet mango, sour mango and bitter mango, is known as "Chinese famous fruit", and mango contains abundant vitamin C, sugar, organic acid and pectin. The whole body of the mango rhizome, the leaf and the fruit is precious, and the medicine can be used in different parts, so that the effects of promoting digestion, reducing phlegm, regulating qi, relieving stagnant heat, dispelling wind, relieving exterior syndrome, eliminating phlegm and promoting qi circulation are achieved. Mangoes are pleased with warm, humid and sunny environments. The Rashizhou area has abundant rain and heat resources, is suitable for planting mangoes which like fertile, loose, deep and well-irrigated soil layers and is not prone to water accumulation, drought, high dryness and soil heavy hardening.

Leguminous crops including soybeans, mung beans, small red beans, black beans, kidney beans and the like are increasingly recognized in the planting system, the leguminous crops have the advantages of symbiotic nitrogen fixation compared with other crops, the leguminous crops can supplement biological nitrogen for soil, and if the leguminous crops are returned to the field, biological carbon can be supplemented for the soil, so that the leguminous crops are the essential dominant crops for multiple cropping, improving the crop productivity and recovering the soil strength of an orchard garden.

The intercropping is an important component of the traditional agriculture in China, has the effects of increasing the yield, improving the resource utilization efficiency, increasing the number of soil microorganisms, increasing the biological diversity and stability of farmlands, improving the ecological environment of farmlands, promoting ecological balance and the like, can be used for intercropping the leguminous crops on the basis of a single crop, can utilize the biological nitrogen fixation of the leguminous crops, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers and reduce the pressure of the ecological environment, and is an important technology in the sustainable agricultural development.

At present, mangoes are usually planted on hills and sloping fields in production, the soil in the places usually has low organic matter content, shallow soil layers and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, the growth and development of the mangoes are seriously influenced, the Thizhou area belongs to the most suitable area for planting the mangoes in Guangdong province, seasonal drought in winter and spring is easy to occur, the leaf area index of the mangoes is high, and the transpiration amount is large, so that the reduction of fruit tree transpiration and the improvement of the drought resistance of the mangoes always restrict the production of the mangoes, the drought resistance of the mangoes is improved, particularly the drought resistance in the early spring flowering period, and the technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in production. Along with the prolonging of the production period of a mango orchard, the soil fertility is consumed year by year along with the fruit ripening year after year, the organic matter content of the soil is directly reduced seriously, although the fertilization of mangoes is very important in the conventional orchard management, and the fertilization can directly supplement nutrition to tree bodies, but the fertilization year after year destroys the granular structure of the soil, causes the rhizosphere soil to be hardened seriously, the water and air permeability is poorer and poorer, the fertilizer absorbing capacity of a root system is poorer and poorer, the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low, a lot of fertilizer applied in the soil cannot be utilized, so that the fertilizer is wasted, the soil environment is destroyed, the yield of mangoes is low and unstable, the quality is poor, in addition, in the conventional management, fallen leaves are removed in 10 months every year in many litchi orchards, and the biological carbon is taken away at the same time of the fallen leaves removal, therefore, the biological carbon in the soil needs to be supplemented, and although the rain and heat resources are abundant in the Renzhou region, the mango industry is limited by the problems in the mango production.

Therefore, under the condition of low soil fertility of the mango orchard, drought in winter and spring and low and unstable yield quality, a cultivation mode for multiple planting of mango and leguminous crops is urgently needed to be designed, the soil environment for growth of mango trees is improved, the soil fertility of the orchard is recovered, the drought resistance of the mango trees is improved, the yield of the mango trees is increased, the quality of the mango trees is improved, the economic benefit of the orchard is improved, and sustainable utilization of cultivated land of the orchard is finally realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mango and bean crop multiple cropping mode for improving the drought resistance of mangoes in Rizhou regions and recovering the soil fertility of orchards.

The mango and leguminous crop multiple cropping mode aims to solve the traditional cultivation technical problems of seasonal drought in winter and spring, hardened rhizosphere soil of mango orchards, year-by-year reduction of soil fertility, reduction of fertilizer absorbing capacity of root systems, low and unstable yield quality and poor benefit in the reynolds region in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a mango and bean crop replanting mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou regions and recovering orchard fertility comprises the steps of middle aisle ditching, leaf and straw filling, bean crop planting and soil activation and water retention agent application, wherein the mango and bean crop replanting mode comprises the main modes of ditching in middle aisles of two rows of mango trees, the ditch width is 80cm and the depth is 50cm, mango leaf filling is stored and buried in the ditch, a biological decomposition agent (which can be sold in agricultural goods market) is sprayed in the ditch during burying, the leaf filling is finished in the ditch, the trenched soil is filled on the surface of the ditch, the soil covering depth is generally 25-30cm, pressing is carried out after soil covering, bean crops are planted on the surface of the ditch with the width of 80cm, 3 rows of bean crops are planted in total, and the row spacing is 25cm, the plant spacing was 5 cm.

Preferably, the mango and leguminous crop multiple cropping mode is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting

In the first year, directly ditching in the passageways among mango tree rows; ditching is carried out on the middle passageways of two rows of mango trees in the second year, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, and manual ditching is carried out in a mango garden, so that leguminous crops can be planted in gaps between mango plants, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the space required by fallen leaf landfill and subsequent leguminous crop growth can be effectively ensured, the fallen mango leaves or the straws of the leguminous crop plants are buried in the ditches, the fallen mango leaf decomposition rate is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon is timely supplemented for soil, and nutrients are supplemented for the growth of mango root systems;

step two: cleaning channel

Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;

step three: water-retaining agent for applying soil activation

Applying a soil-activated water-retaining agent (starch and cellulose) within a radius of 30cm around the cleaned mango tree root obtained in the first step by taking a mango tree trunk as a center, wherein the application time is 3 early months and 10 middle ten days per year, and the water-retaining agent is applied by taking the water-retaining agent as a basis and paying attention to irrigation first; the soil activating and water retaining agent can activate soil, promote rhizosphere soil to form a granular structure, improve water storage and retention capacity of the soil, activate soil nutrients, promote absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and reduce water evaporation of overground parts of fruit trees, so that drought resistance of mangoes in winter and spring can be improved, and flower bud differentiation and yield quality formation are facilitated;

step four, installing the liquid fertilizer applicator

A liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at a position 35cm near the mango tree root obtained in the step one and is cleaned up is used for supplying mango high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement such as macroelements and microelements can be carried out on the mango root system through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;

step five: spraying biological decomposition agent

Burying plants and fallen mango leaves of leguminous crops and mangoes in the ditches, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditches after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25-30cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met;

ditching is carried out in 10 months in the first year in a mango orchard, and fallen leaves are synchronously collected and buried in the ditches; from the second year, 10 months per year, the place where leguminous crops are originally ditched and planted is ditched again, the harvested leguminous crop straws and mango fallen leaves are collected and buried into the ditches at the same time, the method that the fallen leaves are cleaned and discarded in a common mango garden is broken through, decomposition of the leguminous crop straws and the mango fallen leaves can be effectively promoted by spraying a biological decomposition agent, biological carbon is supplemented to the soil, and the leguminous crop crops have the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, so that carbon sources and nitrogen sources can be supplemented to the soil by burying the fallen leaves, the straws and the leguminous crops, and accordingly, the soil fertility of the orchard can be recovered. Because the leaves of the leguminous crops are thinner than the wax layer on the surfaces of the mango leaves and have better palatability to insects, the mango root system activity is enhanced after the application of a certain pesticide for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in the growth process of the mangoes and the activation of rhizosphere soil through multiple planting, so that the flower setting and fruit setting of the mangoes can be promoted, and the synchronous improvement of the yield and the quality of the mangoes and the sustainable utilization of cultivated land of a mango garden are realized finally;

step six: seed selection of leguminous crops

(1) Selecting a leguminous crop variety (including any one of soybean, small red bean, mung bean, kidney bean and the like) suitable for local cultivation, namely selecting the leguminous crop variety capable of normally maturing according to a temperature accumulation zone of a mango garden, and selecting seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes for multiple cropping before sowing;

(2) according to the condition of lacking of trace elements in soil, ammonium molybdate, borax and the like can be selected for seed dressing, the dosage of ammonium molybdate seed dressing is 2-4 g of ammonium molybdate for every kilogram of soybean seeds, and the dosage of borax for seed dressing is 1-3 g of borax for every kilogram of soybean seeds. The seed dressing method can be combined with the actual situation, and one or the combination of the seed dressing method and the actual situation can be adopted;

step seven: planting leguminous crops

Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;

step eight: management of field

The success of leguminous crops is mainly the management of seedling stage, the growth of weeds is controlled, the leguminous crops are planted in autumn, so that the leguminous crops need to be subjected to timely weeding after being planted, otherwise, the leguminous crops grow for a period of time and turn green earlier in the next year, the growth of other weeds can be effectively inhibited, the situation that multiple times of weeding is required in the later period can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like need to be supplemented in time, meanwhile, watering is carried out in time when the climate is dry, and the situation that the leguminous crops are lack of water is avoided.

Step nine: multiple planting mode

After the leguminous crops are planted again, the daily cultivation management measures of the mango and leguminous crops in the orchard during the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control, harvest and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the mango or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests the use of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control agent suggests the use of biological agents or control methods to improve the quality of mango and leguminous crop products.

The technical mode can be applied to the cultivation technology of different varieties of mangoes, and the specific planting mode is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawing of the specification in detail.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the technical mode for the multiple planting of the mangoes and the leguminous crops for improving the drought resistance of the mangoes and recovering the soil fertility of the orchards, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved by applying the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and the biological carbon source and the nitrogen source are supplemented for soil by burying fallen leaves, planting leguminous crops and leguminous crop straws in the field and returning the straws to the field, so that the soil fertility is greatly recovered, the root system activity of the mango tree body is improved, the rhizosphere soil environment of the mangoes is finally activated by the multiple planting mode, a good nutrient supply environment is created for the root system, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity of the root system is promoted, and the use of certain pesticide for preventing and controlling; by applying the soil activated water-retaining agent, the winter and spring seasonal drought resistance of mango trees is effectively improved, the synchronous promotion of mango yield and quality is finally realized, the sustainable utilization of farmland in mango gardens is realized, and the cultivation mode has good economic, social and ecological benefits and good popularization and application values;

1. the cuticle of the leaves of the leguminous crops is thinner than that of the leaves of the mangoes, and the palatability of the leaves of the leguminous crops to insects is better than that of the leaves of the mangoes, so that the insects prefer to use the leguminous crops as food, the occurrence quantity of mango insect pests is reduced, and the pesticide spraying frequency of preventing and controlling the insect pests in the growth period of the mangoes can be reduced;

2. the organic matter content of rhizosphere soil is improved year by adopting the cultivation mode, the soil fertility of the mango garden can be obviously improved along with the increase of the mode adopting period, the sustainable utilization of the land is facilitated, the method has positive significance for environmental protection, the effect of supplementing nitrogen can be further played through the planting of leguminous crops, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is further reduced, the input cost of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the biological carbon in the soil can be increased after the straws, fallen leaves, root systems and the like of the leguminous crops are rotted, the soil fertility is improved, the soil fertility is recovered, and a foundation is laid for the growth of the mango trees;

3. the root system of the leguminous crops is densely distributed in the rhizosphere soil among the mango tree lines, the formation of a soil aggregate structure is facilitated, the root system of the leguminous crops has the characteristic of biological nitrogen fixation, the leguminous crops belong to excellent soil cultivation and ecological crops, nitrogen in air is fixed by the leguminous crops through root nodules, organic acid is secreted, and the root system development of the mango trees is facilitated.

In addition, the soil activating and water retaining agent has the advantages of improving the water storage and moisture retention capability of soil, reducing the transpiration and water loss capability of plants, improving the drought resistance of litchi trees, recovering the granular structure of soil, facilitating the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and providing a beneficial soil environment for the growth of mangoes.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a multiple planting pattern of mango and leguminous crops according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of the liquid fertilizer applicator of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution:

a technical mode of crop replanting for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou areas and recovering orchard land capability comprises the steps of middle aisle ditching, leaf burying and falling, straw returning, leguminous crop planting and soil activation and water retention agent application which are required by a mango and leguminous crop replanting mode, wherein the mango and leguminous crop replanting mode mainly comprises the steps of ditching in the middle aisles of two rows of mango trees, ditching with the width of 80cm and the depth of 50cm, burying and burying mango leaves in ditches, spraying biological decomposition agent into the ditches during burying, planting leguminous crops in the ditches, applying the soil activation and water retention agent near the rhizosphere, and planting 3 rows of leguminous crops on ridges above the ditches with the width of 80 cm.

A multiple planting mode of mango and leguminous crops is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting

In the first year, directly ditching in the passageways among mango tree rows; ditching is carried out on the middle passageways of two rows of mango trees in the second year, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, and manual ditching is carried out in a mango garden, so that leguminous crops can be planted in gaps between mango plants, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the space required by fallen leaf landfill and subsequent leguminous crop growth can be effectively ensured, the fallen mango leaves or the straws of the leguminous crop plants are buried in the ditches, the fallen mango leaf decomposition rate is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon is timely supplemented for soil, and nutrients are supplemented for the growth of mango root systems;

step two: cleaning channel

Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;

step three: water-retaining agent for applying soil activation

Applying a soil-activated water-retaining agent (starch and cellulose) within a radius of 30cm around the cleaned mango tree root obtained in the first step by taking a mango tree trunk as a center, wherein the application time is 3 early months and 10 middle ten days per year, and the water-retaining agent is applied by taking the water-retaining agent as a basis and paying attention to irrigation first; the soil activating and water retaining agent can activate soil, promote rhizosphere soil to form a granular structure, improve water storage and retention capacity of the soil, activate soil nutrients, promote absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and reduce water evaporation of overground parts of fruit trees, so that drought resistance of mangoes in winter and spring can be improved, and flower bud differentiation and yield quality formation are facilitated;

step four, installing the liquid fertilizer applicator

A liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at a position 35cm near the mango tree root obtained in the step one and is cleaned up is used for supplying mango high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement such as macroelements and microelements can be carried out on the mango root system through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;

step five: spraying biological decomposition agent

Burying plants and fallen mango leaves of leguminous crops and mangoes in the ditches, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditches after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25-30cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met;

ditching is carried out in 10 months in the first year in a mango orchard, and fallen leaves are synchronously collected and buried in the ditches; from the second year, ditching again in the original place where leguminous crops are ditched and planted every 10 months, collecting and burying the harvested leguminous crop straws and mango fallen leaves into ditches simultaneously, breaking through the way that the fallen leaves are cleaned and discarded in a common mango garden, effectively promoting the decomposition of the leguminous crop straws and the mango fallen leaves by spraying a biological decomposition agent, supplementing biological carbon for soil, and the leguminous crop has the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, so that carbon sources and nitrogen sources can be supplemented for the soil by burying the fallen leaves, the straws and the leguminous crops, thereby recovering the soil fertility, and the root system activity of the mango is enhanced after the orchard is activated by using rhizosphere soil by multiple planting agents capable of effectively reducing certain plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the mango, furthermore, the flower setting and fruit setting of mangoes can be promoted, and the synchronous promotion of the yield and the quality of the mangoes and the sustainable utilization of the cultivated land of the mango garden are finally realized;

step six: seed selection of leguminous crops

(1) Selecting a leguminous crop variety (including any one of soybean, small red bean, mung bean, kidney bean and the like) suitable for local cultivation, namely selecting the leguminous crop variety capable of normally maturing according to a temperature accumulation zone of a mango garden, and selecting seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes for multiple cropping before sowing;

(2) according to the condition of lacking of trace elements in soil, ammonium molybdate, borax and the like can be selected for seed dressing, the dosage of ammonium molybdate seed dressing is 2-4 g of ammonium molybdate for every kilogram of soybean seeds, and the dosage of borax for seed dressing is 1-3 g of borax for every kilogram of soybean seeds. The seed dressing method can be combined with the actual situation, and one or the combination of the seed dressing method and the actual situation can be adopted;

step seven: planting leguminous crops

Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;

step eight: management of field

Whether leguminous crops succeed or not is mainly management of seedling stage, growth of weeds is controlled, and due to the fact that the leguminous crops are planted in autumn, the leguminous crops need to be subjected to timely weeding after being planted, otherwise, the leguminous crops grow for a period of time and get through the winter, and turn green early in the next year, growth of other weeds can be effectively inhibited, so that the situation that multiple times of weeding is needed in the later period can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like need to be supplemented timely, meanwhile, watering is needed timely when weather is dry, and the situation that the leguminous crops lack of water is avoided;

step nine: multiple planting mode

After the leguminous crops are planted again, the daily cultivation management measures of the mango and leguminous crops in the orchard during the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control, harvest and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the mango or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests the use of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control agent suggests the use of biological agents or control methods to improve the quality of mango and leguminous crop products.

The technical mode can be applied to the cultivation technology of different varieties of mangoes, and the specific planting mode is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawing of the specification in detail.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (2)

1. A technical mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou areas and recovering orchard fertility is characterized in that: the mango and leguminous crop multiple planting mode comprises the steps of middle aisle ditching, leaf fall or crop straw burying, liquid fertilizer applying, biological decomposition agent spraying, leguminous crop planting and soil activation and water retention agent applying, wherein the mango and leguminous crop multiple planting mode mainly comprises the steps of ditching in middle aisles of two rows of mango trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, mango leaf fall burying is stored in each ditch, the biological decomposition agent is sprayed into each ditch during landfill, leguminous crops are planted in each ditch, 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted in each ditch with the width of 80cm, the planting row spacing of the crops is 25cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.

2. The technical mode for improving drought resistance of mango trees in Rigzhou region and recovering orchard fertility is as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that: the technical mode is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting

In the first year, directly ditching in the passageways among mango tree rows; ditching is carried out on the middle passageways of two rows of mango trees in the second year, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, and manual ditching is carried out in a mango garden, so that leguminous crops can be planted in gaps between mango plants, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the space required by fallen leaf landfill and subsequent leguminous crop growth can be effectively ensured, the fallen mango leaves or the straws of the leguminous crop plants are buried in the ditches, the fallen mango leaf decomposition rate is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon is timely supplemented for soil, and nutrients are supplemented for the growth of mango root systems;

step two: cleaning channel

Clearing the excavated ditch under the condition of the first step, and timely clearing weeds, dry branches and larger stones among ditches, so that the influence of the weeds, the dry branches and the larger stones on the growth of multiple crops is avoided;

step three: water-retaining agent for applying soil activation

Applying a soil activating and water-retaining agent to the vicinity of the roots of the cleaned mangoes obtained in the first step within the range of 30cm of radius by taking the trunks of the mangoes as the center, wherein the application time is 3 early months and 10 middle ten days per year, the dosage is based on the product specification, the water-retaining agent is required to be applied for irrigation firstly, the soil activating and water-retaining agent can activate the soil, the rhizosphere soil is promoted to form a granular structure, the water storage and water retention capacity of the soil and the soil nutrient are improved, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are promoted, meanwhile, the water evaporation of the overground part of the mangoes can be reduced by the activation of the soil water-retaining agent, the drought resistance of the mangoes in winter and spring can be improved, and;

step four, installing the liquid fertilizer applicator

A liquid fertilizer applicator device which is arranged at a position 35cm near the mango tree root obtained in the step one and is cleaned up is used for supplying mango high-efficiency liquid fertilizer, and meanwhile, irrigation water supplement and fertilizer supplement such as macroelements and microelements can be carried out on the mango root system through the device; the application of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, can realize the reduction of the application and the improvement of the effect, and meets the two requirements of China, thereby effectively reducing the fertilizing amount and saving the fertilizer cost;

step five: spraying biological decomposition agent

Burying plants and fallen mango leaves of leguminous crops and mangoes in the ditches, spraying a biological decomposition agent, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditches after the burying is finished, and compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25-30cm, so that the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met;

ditching is carried out in 10 months in the first year in a mango orchard, and fallen leaves are synchronously collected and buried in the ditches; from the second year, ditching again in the original place where leguminous crops are ditched and planted every 10 months, collecting and burying the harvested leguminous crop straws and mango fallen leaves into ditches simultaneously, breaking through the way that the fallen leaves are cleaned and discarded in a common mango garden, effectively promoting the decomposition of the leguminous crop straws and the mango fallen leaves by spraying a biological decomposition agent, supplementing biological carbon for soil, and the leguminous crop has the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, so that carbon sources and nitrogen sources can be supplemented for the soil by burying the fallen leaves, the straws and the leguminous crops, thereby recovering the soil fertility, and the root system activity of the mango is enhanced after the orchard is activated by using rhizosphere soil by multiple planting agents capable of effectively reducing certain plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the mango, furthermore, the flower setting and fruit setting of mangoes can be promoted, and the synchronous promotion of the yield and the quality of the mangoes and the sustainable utilization of the cultivated land of the mango garden are finally realized;

step six: seed selection of leguminous crops

(1) Selecting a leguminous crop variety (including any one of soybean, small red bean, mung bean, kidney bean and the like) suitable for local cultivation, namely selecting the leguminous crop variety capable of normally maturing according to a temperature accumulation zone of a mango garden, and selecting seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes for multiple cropping before sowing;

(2) according to the condition of lacking of trace elements in soil, ammonium molybdate, borax and the like can be selected for seed dressing, the dosage of ammonium molybdate seed dressing is 2-4 g of ammonium molybdate for every kilogram of soybean seeds, and the dosage of borax for seed dressing is 1-3 g of borax for every kilogram of soybean seeds. The seed dressing method can be combined with the actual situation, and one or the combination of the seed dressing method and the actual situation can be adopted;

step seven: planting leguminous crops

Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;

step eight: management of field

Whether leguminous crops succeed or not is mainly management of seedling stage, growth of weeds is controlled, and due to the fact that the leguminous crops are planted in autumn, the leguminous crops need to be subjected to timely weeding after being planted, otherwise, the leguminous crops grow for a period of time and get through the winter, and turn green early in the next year, growth of other weeds can be effectively inhibited, so that the situation that multiple times of weeding is needed in the later period can be effectively avoided, meanwhile, fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like need to be supplemented timely, meanwhile, watering is needed timely when weather is dry, and the situation that the leguminous crops lack of water is avoided;

step nine: multiple planting mode

After the leguminous crops are planted again, the daily cultivation management measures of the mango and leguminous crops in the orchard during the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control, harvest and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the mango or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests the use of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control agent suggests the use of biological agents or control methods to improve the quality of mango and leguminous crop products.

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