CN113099935A

CN113099935A - Technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees in Guangdong region and activating orchard soil

Info

Publication number: CN113099935A
Application number: CN202110428180.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯乃杰; 郑殿峰
Original assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Current assignee: Guangdong Ocean University
Priority date: 2021-04-21
Filing date: 2021-04-21
Publication date: 2021-07-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas. The technical mode of the longan and leguminous crop replanting comprises the main mode that furrowing is carried out on a middle passageway of two rows of longans, fallen leaves of the longans and straws of the leguminous crops are stored and buried in the furrows, the technology that the transpiration of longan fruit trees and the orchard soil activation are reduced in the Guangdong area is reduced, the decomposition of the fallen leaves or the straws of the crops is accelerated by spraying a biological decomposition agent, the transpiration is reduced by applying the soil activation and transpiration reduction agent, the flower bud differentiation and the yield quality formation are facilitated, the yield quality increase of the longans is finally realized, the sustainable utilization of cultivated land of the longan orchard is promoted, and the social benefit, the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are synchronously improved.

Description

Technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees in Guangdong region and activating orchard soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a technical mode for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas.

Background

Introduction and efficacy of longan: in the southern China, which is a natural product of longan, in the history of more than fifteen and hundreds years in China, the longan belongs to Rutaceae, small trees with the height of 12 m, usually has three types of sweet longan, sour longan and bitter longan, and is known as 'Chinese famous fruit', the longan contains rich vitamin C, sugar, organic acid and pectin, the whole body of the longan rhizome, leaf and fruit is precious, different parts can be used as medicines, the longan has the effects of helping digestion and reducing phlegm, regulating qi, relieving stagnated heat, dispelling wind and relieving exterior syndrome and eliminating phlegm and promoting qi circulation, the longan likes warm, humid and sunny environments, and the southern China has rich rain and heat resources and is suitable for planting the longan. Longan likes fertile, loose, deep and well irrigated soil layer, and is not suitable for water accumulation, drought and high dryness, and soil sticking and heavy hardening.

Leguminous crops including soybeans, mung beans, small red beans, black beans, kidney beans and the like are increasingly recognized in the planting system, the leguminous crops have the advantages of symbiotic nitrogen fixation compared with other crops, the leguminous crops can supplement biological nitrogen for soil, and if the leguminous crops are returned to the field, biological carbon can be supplemented for the soil, so that the leguminous crops are the essential dominant crops for multiple cropping, improving the crop productivity and recovering the soil strength of an orchard garden.

The intercropping is an important component of the traditional agriculture in China, has the effects of increasing the yield, improving the resource utilization efficiency, increasing the number of soil microorganisms, increasing the biological diversity and stability of farmlands, improving the ecological environment of farmlands, promoting ecological balance and the like, can be used for intercropping the leguminous crops on the basis of a single crop, can utilize the biological nitrogen fixation of the leguminous crops, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizers and reduce the pressure of the ecological environment, and is an important technology in the sustainable agricultural development.

At present, longans are usually planted on hills and sloping fields in production, soil in the places usually has low organic matter content, shallow soil layer and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, the growth and development of the longans are seriously influenced, the longans are prosperous in summer and autumn in 6-8 months each year, at the moment, warm light and strong wind are strong, branches and leaves grow vigorously, leaf area indexes are large, water is needed, the transpiration amount of the longans is extremely large, if drought occurs, serious influence is generated, the growth is slowed down, the leaves and the leaves are thin and weak, so that a mother plant cannot form a fruit, the technology for reducing the transpiration of the longans is a key technology which is urgently needed in production, along with the prolonging of the production period of a longans orchard, the fruit ripening of the longans year after year, the soil fertility is consumed year by year, the organic matter content of the soil is directly reduced seriously, although the fertilization of the longans is very important in the conventional fruit orchard management, although the fertilizer can directly supplement nutrition to trees, the fertilizer is applied year after year, the granular structure of soil is destroyed, the rhizosphere soil is seriously hardened, the water permeability and the air permeability are increasingly poor, the fertilizer absorption capacity of the root system is increasingly poor, the fertilizer utilization rate is extremely low, a lot of fertilizers applied in the soil cannot be utilized, the fertilizers are wasted, the soil environment is destroyed, the longan yield is low and unstable due to the deterioration of the soil environment, the quality is not good, in addition, the fallen leaves of a lot of longan orchards are removed about 10 months every year, the biochar is taken away while the fallen leaves are removed, the biochar in the soil needs to be supplemented urgently, although the rain and heat resources in the south China are rich, the longan orchards frequently encounter seasonal drought in winter and spring, the sitting and fruit of the longan orchards are limited, and the development of the longan industry is restricted.

Therefore, aiming at the current situations of low soil fertility of a longan orchard, drought in winter and spring, and low and unstable yield quality, a cultivation mode for reducing multiple cropping of longan and leguminous crops in Guangdong areas is urgently needed to be designed, the soil environment for growth of longan fruit trees is improved, the soil fertility of the orchard is recovered, the drought resistance of the longan fruit trees is improved, the longan yield is increased, the longan quality is improved, the economic benefit of the orchard is improved, and sustainable utilization of cultivated land of the orchard is finally realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas.

The longan and leguminous crop multiple cropping mode aims to solve the technical problems of seasonal drought in winter and spring, hardened rhizosphere soil of longan orchards, year-by-year reduction of soil fertility, reduction of fertilizer absorbing capacity of root systems, low and unstable yield quality and poor benefit of the traditional cultivation in south China, which are provided in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a technology for reducing the transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong region includes such steps as ditching middle passage, burying fallen leaves and straw, planting leguminous crops and applying soil activating and transpiration reducing agent, the longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode comprises the main mode that ditching is carried out on a middle passageway of two rows of longan trees, the ditch width is 80cm, the depth is 50cm, and burying deciduous longan leaves in the ditch, spraying biological decomposition agent (available in agricultural market) in the ditch during burying, burying fallen leaves in the ditch, filling the soil on the surface of the ditch to the surface layer, covering the soil to the depth of 25-30cm, compacting, planting leguminous plants on the surface layer of the ditch with the width of 80cm, and planting 3 rows of leguminous plants with the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 5 cm.

Preferably, the longan and leguminous crop multiple cropping mode is as follows:

the method comprises the following steps: ditching, landfill and legume planting

In the first year, furrowing is directly carried out on the passages among the longan tree rows; ditching is carried out on the middle passageways of two rows of longan trees in the second year, the ditch width is 80cm, the depth is 50cm, ditching is carried out in a longan garden manually, so that leguminous crops can be planted by effectively utilizing gaps between longan plants, the ditch width is 80cm, the depth is 50cm, the space required by fallen leaf landfill and subsequent leguminous crop growth can be effectively ensured, the fallen leaves of the longan or straws of the leguminous crops are filled in the ditch, the decomposition rate of the fallen leaves of the longan is accelerated by applying a biological decomposition agent, so that biological carbon is timely supplemented to soil, and nutrients are supplemented to the root growth of the longan;

step two: cleaning channel

Cleaning the excavated channel under the condition of the first step, and because the longan is usually planted in mountainous regions, hilly lands and other regions, more stones are easy to exist in the channel after ditching, and the stones can influence the growth of leguminous plants planted subsequently, so that the channel after ditching needs to be cleaned;

step three: application of soil activating transpiration-reducing agent

Applying potassium fulvate to the vicinity of the roots of the cleaned longan trees obtained in the step one within the range of the radius of 30cm by taking the trunks of the longan trees as the center, wherein the application time is twice a year, namely 6 months and 10 months respectively, and the application amount is according to the product specification, so that the potassium fulvate can reduce the water evaporation of the overground parts of the longan trees and reduce the transpiration, thereby improving the drought resistance of the longan trees in the drought period in winter and spring, and being beneficial to flower bud differentiation and production quality formation; in addition, the potassium fulvate can activate soil, promote the formation of a granular structure of rhizosphere soil, promote the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be improved, enhance the water storage and retention capacity of the soil and activate soil nutrients;

step four: spraying biological decomposition agent

The method comprises the steps of storing and burying leguminous crop plants and longan fallen leaves in a ditch, spraying a biological decomposition agent, effectively accelerating the decomposition speed of the longan fallen leaves through the biological decomposition agent so as to strengthen the fertility of the land, returning soil dug out by ditching back to the ditch again after the landfill is completed, compacting, wherein the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25 cm-30 cm, and the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met.

Ditching is carried out in the longan orchard in 10 months of the first year, and fallen leaves are synchronously collected and buried in the ditches; from the second year, ditching again in the original places where leguminous crops are ditched and planted every 10 months, collecting and burying the harvested leguminous crop straws and longan fallen leaves into ditches simultaneously, breaking through the way that the fallen leaves are cleaned and discarded in general longan gardens, effectively promoting the decomposition of the leguminous crop straws and longan fallen leaves by spraying a biological decomposition agent, supplementing biological carbon to soil, and the leguminous crop has the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, so that carbon sources and nitrogen sources can be supplemented to the soil by burying the fallen leaves, the straws and the leguminous crops, thereby recovering the soil fertility, and the root system activity of the longan is enhanced after the rhizosphere soil is activated by multiple planting agents which can effectively reduce certain plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of the longan because the leaves are thinner than the wax layer on the surfaces of the longan leaves and have better palatability to insects, further promoting the flower setting and fruit setting of the longan, and finally realizing the synchronous improvement of the yield and the quality of the longan and the sustainable utilization of cultivated land of a longan garden;

step five: seed selection of leguminous crops

(1) And (3) selecting the leguminous crop varieties suitable for local cultivation, namely selecting the leguminous crop varieties capable of normally maturing according to the temperature accumulation zone of the longan garden. After selecting a proper variety, selecting seeds with plump seeds and uniform size for multiple cropping before sowing;

(2) in order to promote the germination of leguminous crops and realize uniform and strong seedlings, a rhizobium inoculant is adopted for seed dressing treatment, and the dosage is in accordance with the product specification;

step six: planting leguminous crops

Filling soil into the ditch with the width of 80cm obtained in the fourth step, compacting, planting 3 rows of leguminous crops, setting the row spacing to be 25cm, the plant spacing to be 5cm and the sowing depth to be 3-5 cm;

step seven: field management after replanting

After the leguminous crops are planted again, the daily cultivation management measures of the longan and leguminous crops in the orchard in the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the longan or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests the use of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control agent suggests the use of biological agents or control methods to improve the quality of longan and leguminous crop products.

The technical mode can be applied to cultivation techniques of different varieties of longans, and the specific planting mode is shown in figure 1 in the attached drawing of the specification in detail.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the technical mode for replanting the longans and the leguminous crops for improving the drought resistance of the longans and recovering the soil fertility of the orchard, the biological carbon source and the nitrogen source are supplemented to the soil by burying fallen leaves, planting the leguminous crops and leguminous crop straws planted in the field and returning the straws to the field, so that the soil fertility is greatly recovered, the root system activity of the longans is improved, the rhizosphere soil environment of the longans is finally activated through the replanting mode, a good nutrient supply environment is created for the root system, the water and fertilizer absorption capacity of the root system is promoted, and the use of certain pesticide for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of the longans is; by applying the soil activation transpiration reducing agent potassium fulvate, the winter-spring seasonal drought resistance of the longan fruit tree is effectively improved, the synchronous improvement of the yield and the quality of the longan is finally realized, the sustainable utilization of cultivated land in a longan garden is realized, and the cultivation mode has good economic, social and ecological benefits and good popularization and application values;

1. the cuticle of the leaves of the leguminous crops is thinner than that of the leaves of the longan, and the leaves of the leguminous crops have better palatability than the leaves of the longan for insects, so that the insects prefer to use the leguminous crops as food, thereby reducing the occurrence number of longan insect pests and further reducing the pesticide spraying times for preventing and controlling the insect pests during the growth period of the longan;

2. the organic matter content of the rhizosphere soil is improved year by adopting the cultivation mode, the soil fertility of the longan garden can be obviously improved along with the increase of the mode adopting period, the sustainable utilization of the land is facilitated, the cultivation mode has positive significance for environmental protection, the nitrogen supplement effect can be further realized through the planting of leguminous crops, the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer is further reduced, the input cost of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, the biological carbon in the soil can be increased after the straws, fallen leaves, root systems and the like of the leguminous crops are rotted, the soil fertility is improved, the soil fertility is recovered, and a foundation is laid for the growth of longan trees;

3. the root system of the leguminous crops is densely distributed in the rhizosphere soil among the longan tree rows, the formation of a soil aggregate structure is facilitated, the root system of the leguminous crops has the characteristic of biological nitrogen fixation, the leguminous crops belong to excellent soil-raising and ecological crops, nitrogen in the air is fixed through the root nodules, organic acid is secreted, and the root system development of the longan trees is facilitated.

In addition, the soil activation transpiration reduction agent potassium fulvate has the effects of improving the water storage and soil moisture conservation capability of soil, reducing the transpiration and water loss capability of plants, improving the drought resistance of longan fruit trees, recovering the granular structure of soil, facilitating the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and providing a beneficial soil environment for the growth of longan.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a longan and legume multi-cropping pattern distribution according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:

a technology for reducing the transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas comprises the steps required by a longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode, namely, the steps required by the longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode comprise middle aisle ditching, leaf landfill, straw returning, leguminous crop planting and soil activation transpiration reduction agent application, wherein the longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode mainly comprises the steps of ditching in the middle aisles of two rows of longan trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the leaf landfill of longan is carried out in the ditches, a biological decomposition agent is sprayed into the ditches during landfill, the leguminous crops are planted in the ditches, the soil activation transpiration reduction agent is applied to the roots, and 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted on ridges above the ditches with the widths of 80 cm.

A technical mode for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas is as follows:

step two: cleaning channel

step three: application of soil activating transpiration-reducing agent

step four: spraying biological decomposition agent

Ditching is carried out in the longan orchard in 10 months of the first year, and fallen leaves are synchronously collected and buried in the ditches; from the second year, 10 months per year, the original places where leguminous crops are ditched and planted are ditched again, the harvested leguminous crop straws and longan fallen leaves are collected and buried into ditches at the same time, the method that the fallen leaves are cleaned and discarded in a general longan garden is broken through, decomposition of the leguminous crop straws and longan fallen leaves can be effectively promoted by spraying a biological decomposition agent, biological carbon is supplemented to soil, and the leguminous crop crops have the characteristic of root nodule nitrogen fixation, so that carbon sources and nitrogen sources can be supplemented to the soil by burying the fallen leaves, the straws and the planted leguminous crops, and accordingly, the soil fertility of the orchard can be recovered. Because the leaves of leguminous crops are thinner than the wax layer on the surfaces of the leaves of the longans and have better palatability to insects, the use of certain pesticides for preventing and controlling diseases and pests in the growth process of the longans can be effectively reduced through multiple planting, and the activity of the root systems of the longans is enhanced after rhizosphere soil is activated, so that the flower setting and fruit setting of the longans can be promoted, and the synchronous improvement of the yield and the quality of the longans and the sustainable utilization of cultivated land of a longan garden are finally realized;

step five: seed selection of leguminous crops

step six: planting leguminous crops

step seven: field management after replanting

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode comprises the steps of ditching in a middle passageway of a longan fruit tree, burying fallen leaves or crop straws, spraying a biological decomposition agent, planting leguminous crops and applying a soil activation transpiration reduction agent, wherein the longan and leguminous crop multiple planting mode mainly comprises the steps of ditching in the middle passageway of two rows of longan trees, the width of each ditch is 80cm, the depth of each ditch is 50cm, the fallen leaves or the straws of the longan trees are buried and buried in the ditches, the biological decomposition agent is sprayed into the ditches when the fallen leaves or the straws are buried, the leguminous crops are planted in ditching zones, 3 rows of leguminous crops are planted in the ditches with the width of 80cm, the row spacing of the planted crops is 25cm, the plant spacing is 5cm, and the sowing depth is 3-5 cm.

2. The technology for reducing transpiration of longan fruit trees and activating orchard soil in Guangdong areas according to claim 1, wherein the technology comprises the following steps: the longan and leguminous crop multi-cropping mode is as follows:

step two: cleaning channel

step three: application of soil activating transpiration-reducing agent

step four: spraying biological decomposition agent

The leguminous crop plants and longan fallen leaves are stored and buried in the ditches, a biological decomposition agent is sprayed, the decomposition speed of the longan fallen leaves can be effectively accelerated through the biological decomposition agent, so that the fertility of the land is enhanced, after the landfill is finished, soil dug out by ditching is returned to the ditches again, the soil is compacted, the thickness of a surface soil layer is generally ensured to be 25 cm-30 cm, and the requirement of planting leguminous crops on the surface is met;

step five: seed selection of leguminous crops

(1) Selecting a leguminous crop variety suitable for local cultivation, namely selecting the leguminous crop variety capable of normally maturing according to the temperature accumulation zone of a longan garden, and selecting seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes for multiple cropping before sowing;

step six: planting leguminous crops

step seven: field management after replanting

After the leguminous crops are planted again, the daily cultivation management measures of the longan and leguminous crops in the orchard during the growth period, such as fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, regulator application, pest control, harvest and the like, are managed according to the conventional method of the longan or leguminous crops, wherein the fertilizer application suggests the use of the high-efficiency liquid fertilizer advocated by the invention, and the pest control agent suggests the use of biological agents or control methods to improve the quality of longan and leguminous crop products.