CN110122211B - Method for configuring and planting prickly ash of pitaya in karst rock desertification region - Google Patents
Method for configuring and planting prickly ash of pitaya in karst rock desertification region Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for configuratively planting prickly ash of pitaya in a karst stony desertification region, which comprises the following steps of land selection and land preparation: selecting sandy soil with the elevation of 600-700m and the gradient of 30-50 degrees in a karst moderate rock desertification plateau canyon region, and arranging the sandy soil into a terrace-type linear land block along the contour line of a sloping field; seed selection and planting: selecting caulis Opuntiae Dillenii and caulis et folium Hylocerei and disease-free fructus Zanthoxyli seedling in young and strong period as seedling; planting two lines of crops on each stage of the ridge, wherein cactus is outside, and dragon fruits and pepper are planted inside; and (3) water and fertilizer application: watering enough water during planting, and supplementing water when the water content of soil in a growing period is lower than 40%; field management: performing seedling supplementing, weeding, trimming and pest control at regular time; harvesting; the problems that the land space utilization rate is low, the ecological restoration effect is poor, the economic income of farmers in the rock desertification region is poor and the like in the karst rock desertification region for controlling main planted lawns or single economic plants are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of stony desertification ecological management, in particular to a method for configuring and planting cactus, dragon fruits and pepper in a karst stony desertification plateau canyon region.
Background
The vegetation in the rocky desertification area is seriously damaged, bedrock is bare, soil is barren, and the earth surface presents similar desertification landscape. According to the bulletin on rocky desertification conditions in China karst regions issued by the national forestry and grassland bureau in 2018, the karst rocky desertification area of China is 1007 ten thousand hectares in 2016, which accounts for 22.3% of the karst area, and relates to eight provinces such as Yu Gui Yu in southwest region, and the ecological regions in the southwest rocky desertification region are very important because the eight provinces are located at the upstream of important water systems such as Yangtze river, Zhujiang river and the like; further greening actions of the state soil must be developed to promote the comprehensive treatment of desertification, stony desertification and water and soil loss.
Karst rocky desertification area ecological niche is various, and soil is barren, and prior art administers mainly to plant lawn or single economic plant to the karst rocky desertification area, has that land space utilization is low, and ecological recovery effect is poor, and rocky desertification area peasant household economic profit is poor scheduling problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for configuring and planting the prickly ash of the pitaya in the karst rocky desertification region is provided, so that the problems that the karst rocky desertification region has various ecological niches and barren soil, the land space utilization rate is low, the ecological restoration effect is poor, the economic income of farmers in the rocky desertification region is poor and the like due to the fact that the main lawn or single economic plant is mainly planted in the karst rocky desertification region in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for configuring and planting prickly ash of pitaya in a karst rock desertification region comprises the following steps:
step 1, land selection and land preparation: selecting sandy soil with the elevation of 600 plus 700m and the gradient of 30-50 degrees in a karst moderate rock desertification plateau canyon area, preparing soil by utilizing bare rocks, and finishing into land blocks which are in a terrace-type linear shape along the contour line of a sloping field;
step 2, seed selection and planting: selecting caulis Opuntiae Dillenii and caulis et folium Hylocerei and disease-free fructus Zanthoxyli seedling in young and strong period as seedling; planting two lines of crops on each stage of the ridge, wherein cactus is outside, and dragon fruits and pepper are planted inside;
step 3, water and fertilizer application: watering enough water during planting, and supplementing water when the water content of soil in a growing period is lower than 40%;
step 4, field management: performing seedling supplementing, weeding, trimming and pest control at regular time;
and 5, harvesting.
The method for preparing the land blocks in the manner of terraced stripes along the contour line of the sloping field by selecting sandy soil with the elevation of 600-700m and the gradient of 30-50 degrees in the karst moderate rock desertification plateau canyon area and utilizing bare rocks to prepare the land comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil with elevation of 600-700m, slope of 30-50 degrees, sufficient sunlight and good drainage in karst moderate rocky desertification plateau canyon area, preparing land by bare rocks, and shaping the land into a land bank with width of 1-1.5m and height of 0.6-0.8m, wherein the planting land block after land preparation is in terraced linear shape along the contour line of the land.
Step 2, the method for planting two lines of crops in each stage of the ridge with cactus outside and dragon fruits and pepper planted inside comprises the following steps: two lines of crops are planted in each stage of the soil ridge, the cactus is outside, the planting distance is 120-150cm, the dragon fruit and the pepper are planted in the space, the planting hole is opposite to the middle of the two cactus plants, the planting time is 2-5 months, and the original soil is covered with 10cm after planting.
Step 3, the water and fertilizer application, the watering of sufficient moisture during the planting, and the water supplementing method when the soil moisture content in the growing period is lower than 40 percent are as follows: the method comprises the steps of applying a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer when the cactus, the dragon fruit and the pepper are planted, applying the compound fertilizer in a planting hole at a fertilizing position, applying subsequent top dressing for 3 times, applying the fertilizer in a position within 30cm of the root of a plant on the ground at the fertilizing position, applying fermented pollution-free farmyard manure within 20-30 days after the first top dressing, performing secondary top dressing compound fertilizer after 1 month of spacing from the first top dressing, performing third top dressing before 7 months of rainy season, adding all three plants with each top dressing, and irrigating without rainwater within 7-10 days after top dressing.
Step 4, the field management comprises the following steps:
and (3) seedling supplementing: within 5-10 days after planting, pulling out the seedling with dry necrosis, and performing corresponding reseeding;
weeding: manually removing weeds four times, performing first weeding along with land preparation during land preparation planting, performing second weeding before first additional farmyard manure application, performing third weeding before third additional manuring, and performing fourth weeding when cactus fruits are harvested;
pruning, namely pruning the leaves of the dragon fruits in 5 months, leaving 1-2 new leaves growing upwards during pruning, pruning all the new leaves around and drooping old leaves, and pinching when the dragon fruits grow to 1.5m high; pruning the pricklyash peel while picking the pricklyash peel, completely pruning twigs of pricklyash peel which extend to the periphery at the position of 10-20cm away from the main branch, wherein the height of the built pricklyash peel is 0.9-1.5m, and pruning the cactus at any time;
and (3) pest control: selecting corresponding biological pesticide according to the type of the plant diseases and insect pests.
The harvesting method in the step 5 comprises the following steps: picking up the cactus flowers on the withered ground at 5 months, picking up cactus leaves with symmetrical leaf shapes and full leaf surfaces at 7-9 months, and picking up cactus fruits at 10 months when the cactus fruits are mature; collecting dragon fruits in 6-7 months; and (4) harvesting mature fruits of the pepper by using scissors in 7-8 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention selects the cactus, the dragon fruit and the pepper as plants which are drought-enduring, heat-loving and sandy soil-loving, has strong adaptability and stress resistance, and is an excellent economic crop with both ecological and economic benefits in the stony desertification control. The cactus is perennial bush of Opuntia of Cactaceae, contains abundant polysaccharide, dietary fiber, mineral substance, vitamin, flavonoid and polyphenol phytochemical components, and can be used as food and medicine, and the flower, fruit and leaf thereof are recorded in compendium of materia medica, have light taste and cold nature, and have the effects of promoting qi and blood circulation, clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting urination, strengthening spleen and relieving diarrhea; the pitaya is a perennial climbing plant of the family of cactaceae, the fruit is rich in protein, anthocyanin, carbohydrate, crude fiber, mineral elements and rich natural pigment, the nutritive value is high, and meanwhile, the pitaya also has a good food therapy effect, can reduce blood pressure and blood fat, read, beautify and improve eyesight; the fructus Zanthoxyli is plant of Zanthoxylum of Rutaceae, fructus Zanthoxyli fruit is important daily flavoring agent, and its fruit and root can be used as medicinal component, contains abundant alkaloids, brass, proteins, lignin, etc., and has effects of relieving cough, relieving itching, killing parasite, etc
The invention has the advantages that the reasonable allocation ensures that the stony desertification control has economic and ecological benefits, and particularly comprises the following steps:
1, improving the utilization efficiency of land space: the method is suitable for the configuration and planting of the economic crops in various stony desertification areas, effectively improves the utilization efficiency of the land space in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction, and maximizes the production benefit of the limited land space.
2, the simultaneous production of multiple products brings higher economic income: the configuration technology provides various agricultural products such as cactus flowers, fruits, leaves, dragon fruits, pepper and the like in the same-size land, increases the income sources of farmers, improves the economic benefits and enriches the survival strategies of the farmers.
3, the ecological benefit of preventing water and soil loss is achieved when the biological species are planted: the method has the advantages that the drought-enduring and growth-suitable economic crops such as cactus, dragon fruits, pepper and the like are planted in the sloping field, the regional resource advantages are fully utilized, the vegetation coverage in the stony desertification area is increased, the adhesive force of the surface soil is enhanced, the water and soil loss is effectively prevented, and the method has good ecological benefits.
The problems that in the prior art, the karst rocky desertification areas are diverse in ecological niche and barren in soil, in the prior art, the karst rocky desertification areas are mainly used for planting lawns or single economic plants, the land space utilization rate is low, the ecological restoration effect is poor, the economic income of farmers in the rocky desertification areas is poor and the like are effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the plot lines after soil preparation according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further illustrated in detail below with reference to examples:
(1) land selection and land preparation: the sandy soil with the elevation of 600-700m, the slope of 30-50 degrees, sufficient sunlight and good drainage is selected in the karst moderate rocky desertification plateau canyon area. Land preparation: a large amount of bare rocks in the stony desertification area are fully utilized, the slope land is built into soil ridges with the width of 1-1.5m and the height of 0.6-0.8m by the rocks in the selected land, and a field road with the width of 1-1.2m is arranged every 30-50m according to the terrain and the niche (figure 1). And (3) during land preparation, containing the small habitat with multiple soil layers and thicker ground soil in the soil bank as much as possible to serve as a planting land block. In the land preparation process, excessive interference on the terrain and the ground is not performed in principle except for stone block stacking sills, so that the original vegetation, soil and other environments of the planting field are maintained as much as possible, and the artificial disturbance of the ground surface is reduced. The planted land blocks after land preparation are in a terrace-type linear shape along the contour line of the sloping field, the terrace-type land can slow down the erosion of the earth surface and the loss of water and nutrient, has the advantage of water and nutrient accumulation, and can improve the soil fertility.
(2) Seed selection and planting:
seed selection: the method comprises the following steps of selecting stems and leaves of cactus and dragon fruits which are full in leaf type, thick in stem flesh, free of worm damage and free of damage as seedlings, wherein the leaves of the cactus are required to be symmetrical left and right, and the aspect ratio of the leaf surface is 0.2-0.3; the required length of the dragon fruit leaves is between 30 and 60 cm; selecting pepper seedlings which are free from damage and diseases, developed in root plants, rich in branches on four sides, dense in leaves and good in growth vigor.
Planting: the planting holes of each step are divided into two lines, one line is cactus, the other line is the interplanting of dragon fruit and pepper, and the planting time is 2-5 months (figure 2). Planting cactus in a hole shape by inserting a skewer, wherein the planting hole is positioned on a rock ridge and is provided with soil gaps at intervals of 120-150cm, 1 cactus leaf is planted in each hole along with the whole cactus during soil preparation in 2-5 months, the original soil is used for covering the soil after planting, and the covering soil is about 10cm higher than the ground; interplanting dragon fruit and pricklyash peel at the position of 50-70cm back from the middle of two cactus, namely planting dragon fruit and pricklyash peel at intervals in the interval between every two cactus. Planting the dragon fruits for 3-5 months, inserting the dragon fruit seedlings into the soil at a distance of 10-20cm from the planting columns by a column type planting method to a depth of about 5cm, and planting 3-5 plants in each planting column; the planting time of the pepper is 4-5 months, a soil pit planting method is adopted, the size of the soil pit is flexibly determined according to the thickness and the coverage degree of soil layers on the ground, the original soil is used for earthing after planting, and the earthing is about 10cm higher than the ground. In the stony desertification areas with pretty soil resources, the three suitable crops are reasonably planted in the fields, so that the utilization efficiency of the horizontal and vertical spaces of the land is effectively improved, and the production benefit of the spatial land is maximized.
(3) And (3) water and fertilizer application: when the plants are planted, the plants are watered to have enough moisture, and when the moisture content of the soil in the growing period is lower than 40%, the moisture is supplemented in time. When the cactus, the dragon fruit and the pepper are planted, compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, and the fertilizer application position is in the planting hole. And (3) topdressing for 3 times in the later period, wherein the fertilizing position is within 30cm of the root of the ground plant, applying fermented pollution-free farmyard manure within 20-30 days after planting in the first topdressing, performing secondary topdressing and compound fertilizer application after 1 month of separation from the first topdressing, and performing tertiary topdressing before 7 months of rainy season. The three plants are added in each additional fertilization, and irrigation is carried out in 7-10 days after the additional fertilization without rainwater, so that moisture is supplemented for the plants, and fertilizer dissolution is promoted. The four times of timely scientific fertilization water can promote the physiological growth of crops, so that the crops can obtain sufficient water and nutrient guarantee in each growth period.
(4) Field management:
seedling supplementing: within 5-10 days after planting, pulling out seedlings with poor growth and dry necrosis, and performing corresponding reseeding, wherein the reseeding seedling standard is consistent with that of primary planting. The timely seedling supplementing can ensure reasonable space configuration and high-efficiency land utilization efficiency, and is beneficial to high yield.
② weeding: manually removing weeds four times, performing first weeding along with land preparation during land preparation planting, performing second weeding before first applying farmyard manure in spring, performing third weeding before the third applying manure for 7 months, and performing fourth weeding when cactus fruits are harvested for 10 months. Weeding before fertilization effectively avoids the competition of weeds and crops for nutrients, and ensures that the crops obtain sufficient water and nutrients.
Thirdly, pruning: pruning the leaves of the dragon fruit in 5 months, leaving 1-2 new leaves growing upwards during pruning, pruning all the new leaves around and drooping old leaves, and pinching when the dragon fruit grows to 1.5m high to promote branching; pruning the pricklyash peel while harvesting the pricklyash peel in 8 months, completely pruning the pricklyash peel twigs extending and growing to the periphery at the position of 10-20cm from the main branch, wherein the height of the pricklyash peel after being built is 0.9-1.5m, pruning the cactus at any time according to the growth shape of the plant, but following the principle of keeping the height to the periphery. The pruning can reduce the loss and waste of water and nutrients of crops, coordinate the nutrient balance of limited water and nutrients in plant organism species, enhance the disease and insect resistance and drought resistance of the crops, and is beneficial to the stability of yield and the improvement of quality.
And fourthly, pest control: selecting corresponding biological pesticide according to common plant diseases and insect pests of cactus, dragon fruit and pepper.
(5) Harvesting: picking up the cactus flowers on the withered ground in sunny and rainless days of 5 months, picking up cactus leaves with symmetrical leaf shapes and full leaf surfaces in 7-9 months, and picking up cactus fruits in 10 months when the cactus fruits are mature; picking the dragon fruits in 6-7 months, and simultaneously tightly controlling weeds to avoid the competition of the weeds with the nutrients and water of the dragon fruits; and (3) harvesting mature pepper fruits in 7-8 months, harvesting the leaves of each cluster of pepper fruits together by using scissors during harvesting, placing the cluster of pepper fruits in a ventilated back basket to prevent the fruits from being rotten, and airing and air-drying the collected cluster of pepper fruits in a natural state.
Claims (5)
1. A method for configuring and planting prickly ash of pitaya in a karst rock desertification region comprises the following steps:
step 1, land selection and land preparation: selecting sandy soil with the elevation of 600 plus 700m and the gradient of 30-50 degrees in a karst moderate rock desertification plateau canyon area, preparing soil by utilizing bare rocks, and finishing into land blocks which are in a terrace-type linear shape along the contour line of a sloping field;
step 2, seed selection and planting: selecting caulis Opuntiae Dillenii and caulis et folium Hylocerei and disease-free fructus Zanthoxyli seedling in young and strong period as seedling; planting two lines of crops on each stage of the ridge, wherein cactus is outside, and dragon fruits and pepper are planted inside; step 2, the method for planting two lines of crops in each stage of the ridge with cactus outside and dragon fruits and pepper planted inside comprises the following steps: planting two lines of crops in each stage with the cactus outside at a planting distance of 120-150cm, planting dragon fruits and Chinese prickly ash inside, wherein the planting hole is opposite to the center of the two cactus plants, the planting time is 2-5 months, and covering the original soil with 10cm after planting;
step 3, water and fertilizer application: watering enough water during planting, and supplementing water when the water content of soil in a growing period is lower than 40%;
step 4, field management: performing seedling supplementing, weeding, trimming and pest control at regular time;
and 5, harvesting.
2. The method for configuring and planting the prickly ash of the pitaya in the karst stony desertification region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method for preparing the land blocks in the manner of terraced stripes along the contour line of the sloping field by selecting sandy soil with the elevation of 600-700m and the gradient of 30-50 degrees in the karst moderate rock desertification plateau canyon area and utilizing bare rocks to prepare the land comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil with elevation of 600-700m, slope of 30-50 degrees, sufficient sunlight and good drainage in karst moderate rocky desertification plateau canyon area, preparing land by bare rocks, and shaping the land into a land bank with width of 1-1.5m and height of 0.6-0.8m, wherein the planting land block after land preparation is in terraced linear shape along the contour line of the land.
3. The method for configuring and planting the prickly ash of the pitaya in the karst stony desertification region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step 3, the water and fertilizer application, the watering of sufficient moisture during the planting, and the water supplementing method when the soil moisture content in the growing period is lower than 40 percent are as follows: the method comprises the steps of applying a compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer when the cactus, the dragon fruit and the pepper are planted, applying the compound fertilizer in a planting hole at a fertilizing position, applying subsequent top dressing for 3 times, applying the fertilizer in a position within 30cm of the root of a plant on the ground at the fertilizing position, applying fermented pollution-free farmyard manure within 20-30 days after the first top dressing, performing secondary top dressing compound fertilizer after 1 month of spacing from the first top dressing, performing third top dressing before 7 months of rainy season, adding all three plants with each top dressing, and irrigating without rainwater within 7-10 days after top dressing.
4. The method for configuring and planting the prickly ash of the pitaya in the karst stony desertification region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step 4, the field management comprises the following steps:
and (3) seedling supplementing: within 5-10 days after planting, pulling out the seedling with dry necrosis, and performing corresponding reseeding;
weeding: manually removing weeds four times, performing first weeding along with land preparation during land preparation planting, performing second weeding before first additional farmyard manure application, performing third weeding before third additional manuring, and performing fourth weeding when cactus fruits are harvested;
pruning, namely pruning the leaves of the dragon fruits in 5 months, leaving 1-2 new leaves growing upwards during pruning, pruning all the new leaves around and drooping old leaves, and pinching when the dragon fruits grow to 1.5m high; pruning the pricklyash peel while picking the pricklyash peel, completely pruning twigs of pricklyash peel which extend to the periphery at the position of 10-20cm away from the main branch, wherein the height of the built pricklyash peel is 0.9-1.5m, and pruning the cactus at any time;
and (3) pest control: selecting corresponding biological pesticide according to the type of the plant diseases and insect pests.
5. The method for configuring and planting the prickly ash of the pitaya in the karst stony desertification region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the harvesting method in the step 5 comprises the following steps: picking up the cactus flowers on the withered ground at 5 months, picking up cactus leaves with symmetrical leaf shapes and full leaf surfaces at 7-9 months, and picking up cactus fruits at 10 months when the cactus fruits are mature; collecting dragon fruits in 6-7 months; and (4) harvesting mature fruits of the pepper by using scissors in 7-8 months.
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| CN110915348A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-27 | 昆明学院 | Ecological restoration method for stony desertification mountains |
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| CN105794458A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-07-27 | 广西捷佳润科技股份有限公司 | Method for planting pitaya in karst stony mountain areas |
| CN106576801B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2020-02-18 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for configuring hedgerow in medium-strength stony desertification environment in karst region |
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