CN106576801B - Method for configuring hedgerow in medium-strength stony desertification environment in karst region - Google Patents
Method for configuring hedgerow in medium-strength stony desertification environment in karst region Download PDFInfo
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- CN106576801B CN106576801B CN201611109028.4A CN201611109028A CN106576801B CN 106576801 B CN106576801 B CN 106576801B CN 201611109028 A CN201611109028 A CN 201611109028A CN 106576801 B CN106576801 B CN 106576801B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a hedge configuration method for a medium-strength stony desertification environment in a karst region, which comprises the planting processes of hedge selection, ridge height measurement of slope farmland, land arrangement, sowing and trimming, and forms a hedge configuration form that different types of cash crops and high-quality pastures are planted on ridge ridges, ridge slopes and ridge feet of the land in the karst stony desertification region; the invention is in the configuration form of hedgerow of different types of cash crops and high-quality forage grass on the stone ridge, ridge slope and ridge foot of the land in the karst stony desertification region, only occupies small area of land, crops can be planted in the zone, the soil physicochemical property can be obviously improved by planting hedgerow on the stone ridge, the water and soil loss is reduced, the stony desertification is controlled, the economic income and environmental protection consciousness of local farmers are obviously improved, and the hedgerow is more easily accepted by farmers in mountainous regions with more people and less land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stony desertification control in karst regions, relates to a reasonable utilization method of ridges of a karst plateau mountain slope farmland, and particularly relates to a hedge configuration method for a medium-strength stony desertification environment in the karst regions.
Background
At present, in a karst region, a large amount of capital investment, time and manual slope changing steps are needed, a large area of farmland returning forest and grass returning are needed, slope changing in a certain range is a flat project, but the capital, manpower, time and the like related to the measures are large in required amount, cannot be recycled, economic benefits are not obvious, and the quantity and the development of local cultivated lands are affected. The hedgerow is adopted to prevent and control the water and soil loss, and the method is simple and easy to implement, has low cost and has better practical value. In addition, the hedgerow can also improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, change soil microorganisms, regulate field microclimate, promote biological diversity and the like, has good ecological, economic and social benefits, and is a good water and soil conservation biological measure for treating the water and soil loss of the stony desertification slope farmland. It should be widely popularized and applied in mountain areas of China. However, the researches on the hedges are mainly concentrated in three gorges reservoir areas with thick soil layers and high fertility, dry and hot valley areas of Jinshajiang river, loess plateau areas and southern red soil areas, the researches on the hedges in karst rock desertification areas are less, the hedges are reasonably arranged on the ridges of the slope farmland under different levels of rock desertification environmental conditions, the stone ridges incapable of planting crops are fully utilized, the land utilization rate is increased, meanwhile, the stability of the stone ridges of the slope farmland is enhanced, the water and soil loss is prevented, the economic income of farmers is increased, and the rock desertification is controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for configuring the hedgerow in the medium-strength stony desertification environment in the karst region can effectively reduce water and soil loss, increase soil fertility and crop yield, improve the land utilization rate, enhance the stability of the stony ridge and control stony desertification so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for configuring hedges for a medium-intensity stony desertification environment in a karst region, the method comprising the steps of:
1) selecting species of hedgerows, selecting dominant species with economic value in the local, introducing suitable foreign species according to local climate, hydrology, soil special natural geography and social and economic humanistic environment, wherein the foreign species comprise cactus, pennisetum hydridum and alfalfa, the cactus, pennisetum hydridum and alfalfa are the more suitable foreign species introduced at present, and the foreign species have the common characteristics of drought resistance, suitable calcareous soil and the like;
2) measuring the height of the slope farmland banks in the karst rock desertification region, dividing the slope farmland banks into two types of high banks and low banks, wherein the height of the stone banks at the high place is more than 100cm, the height of the low banks is less than or equal to 100cm, and observing the soil distribution conditions of the upper edges, the ridge slopes and the bank feet of the stone banks;
3) if the height of a stone ridge is more than 100cm, the thickness of soil layers on the ridge, on the ridge slope and at ridge feet is 10 +/-5 cm, the occupied area of soil is less than 30%, cactus plants are selected for cutting and planting, meanwhile, alfalfa and vetiver grass are scattered, and when the thickness of the soil is 5 +/-3 cm, honeysuckle and akebia are planted at the ridge feet of the stone ridge, so that the honeysuckle and akebia climb upwards along the ridge slope, cover bare stone ridges incapable of planting crops, and plant pepper on slope cultivated lands 5-10 cm away from the inner edge of the stone ridge on the stone ridge;
4) if the height of the stone ridge is less than or equal to 100cm, the cactus, the alfalfa, the vetiver grass and the pennisetum hydridum are planted at the edges of cultivated lands on the ridge and the ridge slope is used for cuttage and scattering of the cactus, the alfalfa, the vetiver grass and the pennisetum hydridum.
Preferably, when the vine hedgerow crawls over the stone ridge in the step (3), alfalfa, vetiver grass and other weeds are removed, so that the normal economic benefits of the honeysuckle, the cactus and the pepper are ensured.
In order to prevent the hedges from occupying too much arable land and competing for light and fertilizer with intercalary crops, in the step (3), when the heights of the honeysuckle and the akebia exceed the ground ridge height of the slope arable land, the pepper is pruned every year in winter, when the pepper grows to 30-100 cm, 5-7 healthy and strong buds are left in different directions of a main trunk, redundant lateral buds are removed, backbone branches are cultured, and after the pepper tree is fruited, the pepper is picked every year to finely prune branches in the crown of the pepper, and mainly thinning, disease and pest branches, dense branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, dry branches and drooping branches are removed, so that the branch groups are uniformly distributed, the height of the pepper tree is controlled within 150 cm, the crown width is within 100cm, and good conditions are created for the light transmission and ventilation of the crown.
Preferably, the hedgerow branches and leaves trimmed in the step (3) are spread on inter-zone cultivated land to increase the roughness of the earth surface, and the branches and leaves which are not rotted are buried in the soil in the spring ploughing season in the next year, so that the aims of reducing water and soil loss, increasing the soil fertility, improving the soil utilization rate and the economic income of farmers and treating the stony desertification are achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the effect is as follows:
(1) compared with the measures for restoring vegetation in stony desertification, the method adopts the hedgerow to solve the-strength stony desertification control in the karst region, only occupies small-area land, can plant crops between zones, can obviously improve the physicochemical property of soil by planting the hedgerow on the stony ridge, reduces water and soil loss, obviously improves the economic income and environmental protection consciousness of local farmers while having obvious effect of controlling the stony desertification, and is more easily accepted by the farmers in mountainous regions with more people and less land;
(2) compared with the slope-to-terrace project, the hedges are planted on the feet of the stone ridge, the ridge slope and the ridge of the slope-to-terrace project, the stone ridge incapable of planting crops is reasonably utilized besides the function of preventing and controlling the water and soil loss of the slope cultivated land of the slope-to-terrace project, the stability of the stone ridge is enhanced, the land utilization rate is improved, the economic income of farmers is increased to a certain extent, and the stony desertification landscape is improved;
(3) aiming at the soil distribution conditions on the stone ridge, on the ridge slope and at the ridge foot in the karst region, alfalfa, vetiver grass, pennisetum hydridum, cactus, pricklyash tree and honeysuckle which have different plants with higher economic value are matched to be high-quality pasture, the development of animal husbandry in the stony desertification region can be promoted, the pricklyash fruit which grows from cactus has rich nutritional value, the selling price of the pricklyash fruit which grows in the karst region is 2 yuan/jin, while about 70 fruits can be grown from one mature cactus, the economic benefit is remarkable, the pricklyash tree is planted in the karst region, regional large-scale pricklyash peel is easy to form, the top pricklyash peel which grows from dried pricklyash is generally about 90 yuan/jin, the honeysuckle is the second dominant species except pricklyash peel in the karst region, the generated benefit is considerable, the selling price of the honeysuckle which grows in the current karst region is about 60 yuan/jin, different cash crops and high-quality pastures are interplanted in different soil terrains, so that the economic benefit of the karst region is greatly improved, and the stability of the stone ridge is enhanced;
(4) the pruned hedgerow branches and leaves are laid on the inter-zone cultivated land, the surface roughness is increased, the branches and leaves which are not rotted are buried in the soil in the spring ploughing season in the next year, the water and soil loss can be reduced, the soil fertility is increased, the soil utilization rate is improved, the yield of economic crops is increased, the economic income of farmers is increased, and the aim of controlling the stony desertification can be achieved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example (b): a method for configuring hedges for a medium-intensity stony desertification environment in a karst region, the method comprising the steps of:
1) selecting species of hedgerow, selecting dominant species with economic value in the local, introducing suitable foreign species according to local climate, hydrology, soil special natural geography and social and economic humanistic environment, wherein the foreign species comprises cactus, pennisetum hydridum and alfalfa;
2) measuring the height of the slope farmland banks in the karst rock desertification region, dividing the slope farmland banks into two types of high banks and low banks, wherein the height of the stone banks at the high place is more than 100cm, the height of the low banks is less than or equal to 100cm, and observing the soil distribution conditions of the upper edges, the ridge slopes and the bank feet of the stone banks;
3) if the height of the stone ridge is more than 100cm, the thickness of soil layers on the ridge, on the ridge slope and at ridge foot is 10 +/-5 cm, and the occupied area of the soil volume is less than 30%, at this time, soil conservation is mainly used, plants are not suitable to be planted by too large disturbance, cactus plants which have strong vitality and are barren-resistant and suitable for growing on lime soil are selected for cutting planting, meanwhile, the high-quality pasture with good water and soil conservation benefit and high nutritional value is sowed in the way that when the soil thickness is 5 +/-3 cm, vine hedges with certain economic value, such as honeysuckle, akebia stem and the like, are planted on the feet of the stone ridge, and are made to climb upward along the ridge slope to cover the exposed stone ridge incapable of planting crops, when the vine hedges crawl over the stone ridge, removing alfalfa, vetiver and other weeds, ensuring the normal economic benefit of honeysuckle, cactus and pepper, and planting the shallow-root shrub plant pepper in the slope farmland which is 5-10 cm away from the inner edge of the stone ridge on the stone ridge. In order to prevent the hedgerow from occupying too much farmland, striving for light and fertilizer with the intercand crops. When the height of the liana such as honeysuckle and akebia stem exceeds the ridge height of the sloping farmland, pruning the liana in winter every year, similarly, when the pepper grows to 30-100 cm, leaving 5-7 healthy and strong buds in different directions of the trunk, removing redundant lateral buds, culturing the skeleton branches, after the pepper tree is fruited, finely pruning the branches in the crown of the pepper tree every year after picking the pepper, mainly comprising thinning, removing insect-infected branches, dense branches, weak branches, spindly branches, dry and dry branches and drooping branches, so that the branches are uniformly distributed, good conditions are created for the ventilation and light transmission of the tree crowns, the height of the pepper tree is controlled to be within 150 cm, the crown width is controlled to be within 100cm, the trimmed plant hedges and leaves are spread in the inter-belt cultivated land, the surface roughness is increased, the branches and leaves which are not rotten are buried in the soil in the spring ploughing season of the next year, so as to achieve the purposes of reducing water and soil loss, increasing soil fertility, improving soil utilization rate and economic income of farmers and treating stony desertification.
4) If the height of the stone ridge is less than or equal to 100cm, the vine grows quickly, creeping land occupation area is large, and the vine is not suitable for being planted at the ridge feet of low land, cactus, alfalfa, vetiver grass and pennisetum hydridum are planted at the ridge feet and the ridge slope in a cuttage and scattering mode, the covering degree of the stone desertification vegetation and the stability of the stone ridge are increased, water and soil loss is reduced, and plants with high economic value, such as day lily, pepper and the like are planted at the edge of cultivated land on the ridge. Experimental research shows that alfalfa, vetiver grass and pennisetum hydridum are high-quality pasture in karst regions, the animal husbandry development in karst stony desertification regions can be promoted, cactus fruits with rich nutritional value are obtained, the local selling price is 2 yuan/cactus, about 70 ripe cactus fruits can be obtained in one karst stony desertification region, the yield of unripe cactus fruits is about 140 yuan, the economic benefit is remarkable, the planting is convenient and low in cost, zanthoxylum bungeanum is planted in karst stony desertification regions, regional-scale pepper planting is easy to form in the karst stony desertification regions, the dry zanthoxylum bungeanum brand of zanthoxylum bungeanum is generally about 90 yuan/jin, the honeysuckle is the second major advantage of the karst stony regions except for zanthoxylum bungeanum, the generated benefit is considerable, the local selling price of the honeysuckle is about 60 yuan/jin at present time, and simultaneously compared with a hedgerow-free mode farmland, the hedgerow planted on the stone ridge can obviously improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, reduce water and soil loss, control the stony desertification and simultaneously obviously improve the economic income and environmental protection consciousness of local farmers.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for configuring hedges in a medium-strength stony desertification environment in a karst region is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting species of hedgerow, selecting dominant species with economic value in the local, introducing suitable foreign species according to local climate, hydrology, soil special natural geography and social and economic humanistic environment, wherein the foreign species comprises cactus, pennisetum hydridum and alfalfa;
2) measuring the height of the slope farmland banks in the karst rock desertification region, dividing the slope farmland banks into two types of high banks and low banks, wherein the height of the stone banks at the high place is more than 100cm, the height of the low banks is less than or equal to 100cm, and observing the soil distribution conditions of the upper edges, the ridge slopes and the bank feet of the stone banks;
3) if the height of a stone ridge is more than 100cm, the thickness of soil layers on the ridge, on the ridge slope and at ridge feet is 10 +/-5 cm, the occupied area of soil is less than 30%, cactus plants are selected for cutting and planting, meanwhile, alfalfa and vetiver grass are scattered, and when the thickness of the soil is 5 +/-3 cm, honeysuckle and akebia are planted at the ridge feet of the stone ridge, so that the honeysuckle and akebia climb upwards along the ridge slope, cover bare stone ridges incapable of planting crops, and plant pepper on slope cultivated lands 5-10 cm away from the inner edge of the stone ridge on the stone ridge;
4) if the height of the stone ridge is less than or equal to 100cm, cutting and scattering cactus, alfalfa, vetiver grass and pennisetum hydridum on ridge legs and ridge slopes, and planting daylily and pepper on the edge of cultivated land on the ridge;
when the honeysuckle and the akebia stem are higher than the ridge height of the slope farmland in the step (3), pruning is carried out on the pepper in winter every year, when the pepper grows to 30-100 cm, 5-7 healthy and strong buds are left in different directions of a trunk, redundant lateral buds are erased, bone branches are cultured, after the pepper tree is fruited, the pepper is picked every year, fine pruning is carried out on branches in the crown of the pepper tree, mainly thinning is carried out, and pest branches, dense branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, dry dead branches and drooping branches are thinned out, so that branch groups are uniformly distributed, the height of the pepper tree is controlled to be within 150 cm, the crown width is within 100cm, hedge branches and leaves trimmed in the step (3) are laid on the intercaped farmland, the surface roughness is increased, and branches and leaves which are not rotted are buried in soil in spring ploughing season in the next year.
2. The method for configuring the hedge for the medium-intensity stony desertification environment in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) when the vine hedgerow crawls over the stone ridge in the step (3), removing alfalfa, vetiver grass and other weeds.
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| CN107006327A (en) * | 2017-05-06 | 2017-08-04 | 贵州省山地资源研究所 | A kind of earlier plant group of Karst Rocky Desertification area Optimal Configuration Method |
| CN108651179B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2020-10-20 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for repairing severe stony desertification by using liana |
| CN109673194A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 钦州学院 | A kind of improvement of Karst Rocky Desertification Region soil and soil and water conservation method |
| CN110122211B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2021-07-06 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for configuring and planting prickly ash of pitaya in karst rock desertification region |
| CN113079958B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-04-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Karst region rock soil contact surface soil leakage resistance control method |
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