CN115413443A - Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land - Google Patents
Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land Download PDFInfo
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- CN115413443A CN115413443A CN202211068195.4A CN202211068195A CN115413443A CN 115413443 A CN115413443 A CN 115413443A CN 202211068195 A CN202211068195 A CN 202211068195A CN 115413443 A CN115413443 A CN 115413443A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land, belonging to the field of ecological function restoration. The soil loosening agent is utilized to break soil hardening of the reclaimed dry land, expand root growth space and increase nutrient absorption. After the dry land is reclaimed and leveled, the soil loosening agent is added with water for spraying after rain before planting, in order to increase the activity of the soil loosening strains, the surface soil is immediately raked by nail palladium after spraying, the sunshine insolation is avoided, and the soil is kept moist. Under the premise of returning straws to the field and additionally applying organic fertilizers, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by matching with nitrogen fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, the soil microbial composition is changed, the soil air permeability is increased, and the soil volume weight is reduced. Leguminous and economic crops are planted, and microorganisms can be used for fixing nitrogen and returning a large amount of nutrients of the crops to the field naturally, so that organic substances in soil are increased; and the strong root system of the crop can be used for bonding soil particles to form a good structure so as to reduce surface runoff and water and soil loss. Integrates three technologies of soil loosening, fertilization and planting, and restores and promotes the ecological function of the reclamation dry land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological function restoration, in particular to a method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land.
Background
In dry land with serious damage to the surface layer of the land and low ecological function, timely reclamation is needed to restore the ecological function.
At present, the conventional treatment means is to apply compound fertilizers and planting green fertilizers in a large quantity in the field, the soil property is sticky and heavy, the volume weight is high, the air permeability is poor due to the surface soil loss in the dry land for reclamation, and the soil is hardened by applying the compound fertilizers in a large quantity; although the yield can obtain some benefits in the season, the soil structure and function cannot be improved; the improvement of the ecological function of the soil is a long-term process, the economic benefit of the dry land for improving and reclaiming green manure after planting for several times is poor, and the improvement of the ecological function is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for restoring the ecological function of the reclaimed dry land, which can integrate three technologies of soil loosening, planting and fertilizing to restore and improve the ecological function of the reclaimed dry land.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry lands comprises the following steps:
after the land is reclaimed and leveled, after raining before planting, 3Kg of scarification bacterial manure is added with 100Kg of water for spraying per mu, and in order to increase the activity of the scarification bacterial manure, the surface soil is immediately raked by using nail palladium after spraying, so that the sunshine is avoided, and the soil is kept moist.
Step two, in 7-10 days before planting, 1Kg of active bacterial manure provided by Nanjing university of information engineering is selected firstly, and is evenly mixed with 25Kg of moist fine soil, and then is evenly mixed with 800Kg of sheep manure and is scattered into field blocks; planting and selecting 1200Kg of newly harvested rape stems or broad bean stems in summer, cutting into 25-35cm long with a knife, and uniformly scattering into a field block; then 5Kg of urea is scattered per mu (the sweet potato vine or the straw which is just harvested is selected for planting in winter); meanwhile, 35-50Kg of ternary compound fertilizer with total nutrient more than 45% is applied per mu and immediately ploughed.
And step three, planting leguminous and economic crops in time according to seasonal weather and the flower mouths. In summer, leguminous crops such as soybean, peanut and the like are planted; and economic crops such as corn, sweet potato, sesame and the like. Planting leguminous crops such as peas, broad beans and the like in winter; rape, vegetable and other economic crops.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the scheme improves the soil structure by utilizing the soil loosening technology; straw returning is adopted to be matched with organic fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer, and simultaneously, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied before planting; the method is used for planting leguminous and economic crops and integrating three technologies of soil loosening, fertilization and planting.
When the scarifier and the microbial fertilizer are used for the reclamation of dry land, soil hardening can be broken, the growth space of root systems is expanded, the nutrient absorption is increased, and the ecological function is further improved.
The straw returning field and the organic fertilizer are matched with the application of the microbial fertilizer, so that the microbial composition of the soil can be changed while the content of organic matters is increased, the air permeability of the soil is increased, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, and the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is enhanced; meanwhile, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied before planting, so that the nutrient supply of soil can be enhanced, the biological yield is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Leguminous and economic crops are planted, and microorganisms can be used for fixing nitrogen and returning a large amount of nutrients of the crops to the field naturally, so that organic substances in soil are increased; and the strong root system of the crop can be used for bonding the soil structure, so that the surface runoff and the water and soil loss are reduced.
On the basis of improving the soil structure by using the soil loosening agent, the organic matter content of the soil is increased and the water and soil loss is reduced by planting cash crops and improving the fertilization mode. Three technologies of soil loosening, fertilization and planting are integrated to repair and improve the ecological function of the reclaimed land.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
A method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of breaking soil hardening of the reclaimed dry land by using a soil loosening agent, expanding root growth space and increasing nutrient absorption.
Secondly, under the premise of returning straws to the field and additionally applying organic fertilizers, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted by matching with nitrogen fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, the formation of soil microorganisms is changed, the air permeability of the soil is increased, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced; before planting, the ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is applied to enhance the nutrient supply of soil, so that the biological yield of plants can be improved, and the benefit can be increased.
Step three, planting leguminous and economic crops, and naturally returning a large amount of nutrients of the crops to the field by utilizing microorganism nitrogen fixation to increase organic substances in the soil; and the strong root system of the crop can be used for bonding soil particles to form a good structure, so that surface runoff and water and soil loss are reduced.
The following is a specific implementation procedure of the experimental example of the present scheme
The experiment is exemplified by a process of leveling 350 mu of land by a bulldozer and contracting the land to farmers and companies, 2020 and 2021 for two years, so that the ecological function of the reclamation dry land is effectively improved, and the following is exemplified as a specific implementation process.
Step one, after selecting rain at the bottom of 5 months on a reclamation dry land contracted by farmers, spraying 3Kg of scarification bacterial manure and 100Kg of scarification bacterial manure per mu, immediately raking surface soil once by nail palladium after spraying, avoiding sun exposure and keeping the soil moist.
Step two, summer: 1Kg of active bacterial manure is mixed with 20Kg of water, then the mixture is evenly mixed with 25Kg of moist fine soil, and then 800Kg of sheep manure is added and evenly mixed, and then the mixture is scattered into the field. Then cutting 1200Kg of rape straws which are just harvested in the current year into 25-35cm long straws by a knife, uniformly scattering the straws to the whole field, and then scattering urea with the amount of 5Kg per mu;
in autumn: 1Kg of active bacterial manure is mixed with 20Kg of water, then the mixture is evenly mixed with 25Kg of moist fine soil, and then 800Kg of sheep manure is added and evenly mixed, and then the mixture is scattered into the field. Then cutting 1200Kg of sweet potato vine which is just harvested in the current year into 25-35cm long pieces by a knife, uniformly scattering the sweet potato vine to the whole field, and then scattering 5Kg of urea per mu; applying 35Kg of ternary compound fertilizer with total nutrient being more than 45 percent per mu, immediately ploughing and raking to make ridges with ridge surfaces of 1.5m and ditches of 0.3 m.
Step three, summer: and 5 days after 6 months, making small holes with the row spacing of 0.4m and the plant spacing of 0.3m on the ridge surface, sowing 3-4 soybean seeds in each hole, and covering soil. Checking seedlings and filling gaps 7-10 days after sowing; cultivating and weeding for 30-40 days; if aphid occurs, spraying 10% shrinkstone wettable powder to prevent and control; harvesting at proper time.
In autumn: making small holes with row spacing of 0.4m and row spacing of 0.3m on ridge surface for 11 months and 10 days, sowing 3-4 soybean seeds in each hole, and covering soil. Checking seedlings and filling gaps 7-10 days after sowing; cultivating and weeding for 30-40 days; spraying 10% of pesticide wettable powder for preventing and treating if aphid occurs after beginning spring; harvesting in due time;
the following are specific examples of comparative examples
On a reclamation dry land contracted by a company, after selecting rain at the bottom of 5 months, broadcasting 80Kg of ternary compound fertilizer with total nutrient being larger than 45 percent per mu, sowing sorghum seeds after ploughing by a large tractor, and covering soil by a small tractor. (this is the conventional means of increasing and applying compound fertilizer and planting green manure to repair and reclaim the dry land) when the sorghum is mature at the bottom of 10 months, the sorghum is harvested at the right time.
80Kg of ternary compound fertilizer with total nutrient more than 45 percent is applied to each mu at the beginning of 11 months, wheat seeds are sown after ploughing by a large tractor, and then soil is covered by a small tractor. And harvesting the wheat at the right moment when the wheat is mature at the beginning of 6 months.
The following is a comparison conclusion of the experimental results exemplified in the experimental example of the present protocol and the experimental results exemplified in the experimental example of the comparative protocol.
Physical and chemical properties of soil are shown in Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in the aspect of the volume weight index of a soil layer of 5-15cm, the implementation field block is reduced by 11.5 percent compared with the comparison field block, the volume weight of the sticky soil is reduced, and the tiltability becomes good; the PH value is increased by 0.5 unit, and the soil conductivity is increased by 17.8 percent, so that a more suitable soil environment can be provided for crops; the soil organic matter implementation field is 10.3g/Kg, which is 14.5% higher than the control field, but the formation of organic matter is a long process and has a certain difference with medium and high yield fertile fields. The nutrient supply capacity of the soil is greatly improved by respectively increasing 14.2 percent, 11.1 percent and 10.8 percent of the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the soil in the implementation field.
Therefore, the soil volume weight is reduced, and the air permeability is increased, so that the straw returning field is rotted and converted to provide crop nutrients; the pH value of the soil is biased to be neutral, so that the propagation of microbial populations is facilitated; the improvement of soil organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium provides guarantee for restoring the ecological function of the reclamation dry land
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of breaking soil hardening of the reclaimed dry land by using a soil loosening agent, expanding root growth space and increasing nutrient absorption.
And step two, under the premise of returning straws to the field and additionally applying organic fertilizers, matching with a nitrogen fertilizer and a microbial fertilizer, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, promoting the price reduction of the straws, changing the microbial composition of the soil, increasing the air permeability of the soil and reducing the volume weight of the soil. Meanwhile, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied before planting to enhance the nutrient supply of the soil, so that the biological yield of the plants can be improved, and the economic benefit can be increased.
Step three, planting leguminous and economic crops, and naturally returning a large amount of nutrients of the crops to the field by utilizing microorganism nitrogen fixation to increase organic substances in the soil; and the strong root system of the crop can be used for bonding soil particles to form a good structure so as to reduce surface runoff and water and soil loss.
2. The method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the scarifier requires that the content of active bacteria reaches 10 hundred million/g.
3. The method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: returning the straws to the field, namely returning rape, broad bean, sweet potato vine and straw straws, wherein the returning amount per mu is more than 1200 Kg; the nitrogen fertilizer is 5Kg of urea per mu, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, the application amount per mu needs more than 800Kg, and the N content needs to reach 2.5%; the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with total nutrient being more than 45 percent, 35 to 50Kg per mu, and is immediately ploughed, raked and ridged after fertilization.
4. The method for restoring ecological functions of reclaimed dry land according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the leguminous and commercial crops are leguminous crops such as soybeans, peanuts and the like planted in summer; and economic crops such as corn, sweet potato, sesame and the like. Planting leguminous crops such as peas, broad beans and the like in winter; rape, vegetable and other economic crops.
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| CN202211068195.4A CN115413443A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211068195.4A CN115413443A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land |
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| CN202211068195.4A Pending CN115413443A (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Method for restoring ecological function of reclaimed dry land |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1784943A (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2006-06-14 | 刘延春 | Method for construction of ecological grass and administering grassland not to be desert in future |
| CN101990799A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-30 | 罗林松 | Biological nitrogen production method |
| CN104604409A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-13 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Fertilizing method for rapidly improving fertility of mine reclaimed soil |
| RU2016131889A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-27 | Федеральное государственное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н. Костякова" (ФГБНУ "ВНИИГиМ им. А.Н. Костякова") | METHOD OF BIOMELIORATION OF DEGRADED BOUNDARY LANDS |
| CN113099936A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Multiple cropping mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou area and recovering orchard fertility |
| CN113748773A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-07 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for preventing fertility decline of film-covered soil based on straw returning |
-
2022
- 2022-08-31 CN CN202211068195.4A patent/CN115413443A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1784943A (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2006-06-14 | 刘延春 | Method for construction of ecological grass and administering grassland not to be desert in future |
| CN101990799A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-30 | 罗林松 | Biological nitrogen production method |
| CN104604409A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-13 | 山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 | Fertilizing method for rapidly improving fertility of mine reclaimed soil |
| RU2016131889A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-27 | Федеральное государственное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации им. А.Н. Костякова" (ФГБНУ "ВНИИГиМ им. А.Н. Костякова") | METHOD OF BIOMELIORATION OF DEGRADED BOUNDARY LANDS |
| CN113099936A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广东海洋大学 | Multiple cropping mode for improving drought resistance of mangoes in Rigzhou area and recovering orchard fertility |
| CN113748773A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-07 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for preventing fertility decline of film-covered soil based on straw returning |
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Application publication date: 20221202 |