CN113016541A - Cultivation method for two-harvest-one-year pinellia ternata in greenhouse - Google Patents
Cultivation method for two-harvest-one-year pinellia ternata in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in a greenhouse one year and two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in two years, which comprises the following measures: the single steel frame greenhouse is used, and the specification of the greenhouse is as follows: the span is 6m, the top height is 2.5m, the length is 20m, and the height of the ventilation opening is 1.5 m. Manufacturing an arch bar, a vertical rod and a pull rod by using thin-wall steel pipes with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5mm, wherein the distance between the steel pipes is 1-1.2 m; fixing the covering film by using a film clamping groove; the cultivation of the pinellia ternata in the steel frame greenhouse is divided into spring earlier cropping and autumn later cropping; sowing the spring earlier crop in the middle and early days of 2 months, and harvesting in the middle and late days of 6 months; sowing the delayed autumn stubbles in the late 6 months, and harvesting from the middle 10 months to the upper 11 months; cultivation medium in the greenhouse: 20-30 parts of straw burning materials, 20-40 parts of cow dung, 4-6 parts of rapeseed oil cakes, 5-8 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 9-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-7 parts of limestone powder, 2-6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues and 4-8 parts of EM composite microbial inoculum. The pH value is 7.0-7.6. The pinellia ternate produced by the method provided by the invention is large, full and easy to peel, the large grain rate (the diameter is more than 1.0 cm) reaches 55%, and the yield is increased by more than 1.0-1.5 times compared with the common field cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for two harvests of pinellia ternate in a greenhouse every year.
Background
Pinellia ternate is a dried tuber of pinellia ternate of the Araceae family, is a common traditional Chinese medicine, is listed as the inferior product from Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, has the effects of eliminating dampness and phlegm, lowering adverse qi and preventing vomiting, and dissolving lumps and dissipating stagnation, and is a good medicine for treating symptoms such as damp phlegm cold drink, vomiting, regurgitation, cough with excessive phlegm, fullness in chest and diaphragm, phlegm syncope, headache, dizziness, insomnia and the like.
The new medicine, special medicine and Chinese patent medicine in various specifications of 500 in China take pinellia ternate as a main raw material, more than 500 Chinese medicine decoction piece processing enterprises take the pinellia ternate as a main and semi-main raw material to process the ginger-processed pinellia ternate, the rhizoma pinelliae preparata, the bamboo juice pinellia ternate, the pinellia ternate yeast and other Chinese medicine decoction pieces, and the prepared Chinese medicine decoction pieces are supplied to the market in the form of bulk, fine, small packages, granules and the like. In addition, the data show that the export of pinellia ternata in China is increasing at a rate of 29% per year, wherein Japan alone accounts for about 50% of the total export, and about 50 of the pinellia ternata formulation are among 210 Hanyao preparations in Japan. The demand of Asian countries for pinellia ternata in China is also increasing year by year.
However, the pinellia ternate cultivation has the problems of degeneration of seed properties, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, quality reduction, yield reduction of medicinal materials, income reduction of medicinal farmers and the like, and the yield and quality of the medicinal materials at the rear end of the pinellia ternate are seriously influenced. Pinellia ternata is a shallow root crop which is favored by fertilizer, water and yin, seedlings are poured out when the pinellia ternata is subjected to drought, high temperature or strong light irradiation, the yield of the pinellia ternata can be seriously influenced if the seedlings are poured for many times, the soil is hardened in field cultivation, the temperature and humidity are not easy to control, tuber rot disease is extremely serious under high temperature and high humidity, bulbs are rotted after the disease occurs, overground stem leaves are withered, and no grains are harvested.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide an in-cultivation method capable of improving the yield of pinellia ternata.
A cultivation method for two harvests of pinellia ternate in a greenhouse one year comprises the following steps:
firstly, using a steel frame greenhouse: the single steel frame greenhouse is used, and the specification of the greenhouse is as follows: the span is 6m, the top height is 2.5m, the length is 20m, and the height of the ventilation opening is 1.5 m. Manufacturing an arch bar, a vertical rod and a pull rod by using thin-wall steel pipes with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5mm, wherein the distance between the steel pipes is 1-1.2 m; fixing the covering film by using a film clamping groove;
secondly, arranging crops for rotation:
the cultivation of the pinellia ternata in the steel frame greenhouse is divided into spring earlier cropping and autumn later cropping; sowing the spring earlier crop in the middle and early days of 2 months, and harvesting in the middle and late days of 6 months; sowing the delayed autumn stubbles in the late 6 months, and harvesting from the middle 10 months to the upper 11 months;
third, sowing
Cultivation medium in the greenhouse: 20-30 parts of straw burning materials, 20-40 parts of cow dung, 4-6 parts of rapeseed oil cakes, 5-8 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 9-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-7 parts of limestone powder, 2-6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues and 4-8 parts of EM composite microbial inoculum. The pH value is 7.0-7.6.
Further, according to the cultivation method for two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternate in one year, the sowing measures further comprise the following steps:
land preparation: opening the compartment according to the row length of 100cm and the height of 30-40cm, stacking the compartment surface into a tile back shape, and finely finishing and raking; 5-7cm deep trenches are arranged on the wide rows according to the row spacing of 10 cm;
seed soaking: accelerating germination, soaking pinellia ternate seed stems in 40-50 deg.C warm water for 10min, and soaking in 50% carbendazim solution 1000 times and warm water at 25-30 deg.C for 8-12 h;
sowing: sowing according to the plant spacing of 3-5 cm; planting tubers in the ditches with the bud heads upward; covering the bud heads of the seed stems in the first row with soil with the second row of seed ditches, covering with fine soil for 3-4cm, and watering thoroughly;
controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 15 and 25 ℃; in summer, when the temperature reaches above 25 ℃, the periphery of the greenhouse film is lifted, only the top is reserved, and a 2-needle sunshade net is covered;
topdressing: thinning human excrement after the pinellia is aligned in late 3 months and late 7 months;
irrigation and drainage and ridging: keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water; after seedlings are removed from the first ten days of 6 months to the first 7 months and the middle and last 8 months, hilling is carried out, fine soil is uniformly scattered on the furrow surface, and the thickness is 1-2 cm;
bud picking: when the scape is extracted in 5 months, the buds growing out are removed in stages and in batches, so that the tubers are promoted to grow and grow large, and the yield is improved.
Further, the cultivation method for two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternate in one year further comprises the following measures:
(1) leaf spot disease, control method: before and during the initial stage of disease, 1: 1: spraying 120 Bordeaux mixture for 2-5 times every 7-10 days for 1 time;
(2) the control method of the red hawkmoth comprises the following steps: spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid at the juvenile stage;
(3) bulb rot disease: draining water, removing the disease plant at the early stage of disease occurrence, irrigating the disease hole of the disease plant with 5% lime water, or spreading lime powder at the disease hole to prevent the disease from spreading;
(4) aphids: spraying and killing by using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 40 percent imidacloprid aqueous solvent or 3000 times of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder;
(5) cabbage worm: spraying 90% dipterex 1500-fold diluent.
Further, the cultivation method for two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternate in one year further comprises the following measures:
harvesting twice, wherein the first harvesting is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, tubers with the diameter of 1.0cm are harvested, tubers with the diameter of less than 1.0cm are left on a seedbed, sowing is carried out again after the first harvesting, the seed consumption per mu is 40-50kg, the second harvesting is from the middle and last ten days of 10 months to 11 months, and the pinellia ternate leaves begin to be harvested when turning yellow and green.
Further, according to the cultivation method for two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in the greenhouse one year and two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in the greenhouse one year, the traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise the following components:
crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, mineral substances, amino acids, grease, saccharides, vitamins, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, potassium and trace elements.
Furthermore, according to the cultivation method for two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternata one year and two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternata, the crude protein accounts for 10-15% of the total amount, the crude fat accounts for 10-15% of the total amount, and the crude fiber accounts for 20-30% of the total amount.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the cultivation substrate in the greenhouse is the best cultivation substrate for the pinellia ternata field obtained by repeated experiments, pinellia ternata produced by the substrate is large and full and is easy to peel, the large grain rate (the diameter is more than 1.0 cm) reaches 55%, the yield is increased by more than 1.0-1.5 times compared with that of the common field cultivation, and the total income is increased by 2000-4000 yuan per mu. The cultivation medium provided by the invention contains straw burning materials, cow dung, rapeseed oil cakes, traditional Chinese medicine residues and the like, is high in organic matter content, rich in nutrient components, rich in fiber, polysaccharide, protein, trace elements and other nutrient components, light in weight, good in ventilation property, mild and lasting in fertilizer effect, capable of effectively improving soil hardening, overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of pinellia ternate and extremely beneficial to the growth and development of the pinellia ternate. In addition, the inorganic fertilizers such as urea, potassium sulfate and calcium superphosphate contained in the matrix can also meet the growth requirement of the pinellia ternata.
(2) The pinellia ternate is planted in a greenhouse, the pinellia ternate is sown in advance in the middle ten days of 2 months, mulching is used for covering (heat preservation is performed, seedling emergence growth is promoted, weeds are prevented), the problem of tuber rot of the pinellia ternate in Sichuan areas can be effectively solved by two kinds of harvesting, the disease of the tuber rot of the pinellia ternate is serious in 7 months and 8 months of Sichuan areas, rainwater is abundant in rainy seasons, the corm rot is caused under high temperature and high humidity, and after the disease is caused, the corm is rotten, overground stem leaves are withered, and no grains are.
(3) The greenhouse cultivation can effectively control light, temperature, water and fertilizer, sow in advance, and can obviously improve the planting benefit, improve the light energy utilization rate, fully utilize the growth season, fully exert the side effect and the like by harvesting twice a year.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
One, use steelframe big-arch shelter
The single steel frame greenhouse is used, and the specification of the greenhouse is as follows: the span is 6m, the top height is 2.5m, the length is 20m, and the height of the ventilation opening is 1.5 m. Thin-wall steel pipes with the pipe wall thickness of 2.5mm are used for manufacturing arch bars, upright bars and pull bars, and the distance between the steel pipes is 1-1.2 m. The covering film is fixed by a film clamping groove.
Second, reasonably arrange the crops for rotation
The cultivation of pinellia ternata in a steel frame greenhouse is divided into spring-earlier cropping and autumn-later cropping. Sowing the spring earlier crop in the middle and early days of 2 months, and harvesting in the middle and late days of 6 months; the late autumn crop is sown in the late 6 th month, and harvested from the middle 10 th month to the upper 11 th month.
Thirdly, selecting high-quality varieties
Selecting high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant, early-maturing and strong-leaf type peach leaf variety, and selecting tubers with plump bud mouths, robust growth, medium size (the diameter is more than 1.0cm and less than or equal to 1.5cm) and no plant diseases and insect pests.
Fourthly, sowing
1. Preparing a matrix for the seedbed. The formula is generally 20-30 parts of plant straw burning material, 20-40 parts of cow dung, 4-6 parts of rapeseed oil cake, 5-8 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 9-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-7 parts of limestone powder, 2-6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue and 4-8 parts of EM composite microbial inoculum. The matrix has good water retention and air permeability, and the pH value is 7.0-7.6.
2. The compartment is opened according to the row length of 100cm and the height of 30-40cm, the compartment surface is laid into a tile back shape, and the compartment is trimmed and harrowed flat. And 5-7cm deep trenches are arranged on the wide rows according to the row spacing of 10 cm.
3. Soaking seeds and accelerating germination, soaking pinellia tuber seed stems in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 10min, and then soaking in warm water with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim and 25-30 ℃ for 8-12 h.
4. Sowing according to the row spacing of 3-5cm (the seed consumption per mu is about 75-100 kg); planting tubers in the ditches with the bud heads upward; covering the bud heads of the seed stems in the first row with soil with the second row of seed ditches, covering with fine soil for 3-4cm, and watering thoroughly.
5. Management of field
Controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept at 15-25 ℃. In summer, when the temperature reaches above 25 ℃, the periphery of the greenhouse film is lifted, only the top is reserved, and a 2-needle sunshade net is covered.
Topdressing: thinning human excrement after the pinellia is aligned in late 3 months and late 7 months;
irrigation and drainage and ridging: keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water; and (4) after the seedlings are removed from the first ten days of 6 to the first 7 and the middle and last 8 months, hilling, and uniformly scattering fine soil on the furrow surface, wherein the thickness is about 1-2 cm.
Bud picking: when the scape is extracted in 5 months, the buds growing out are removed in stages and in batches, so that the tubers are promoted to grow and grow large, and the yield is improved.
And (3) pest control: (1) leaf spot disease, control method: before and during the initial stage of disease, 1: 1: spraying 120 Bordeaux mixture for 2-5 times every 7-10 days for 1 time; (2) the control method of the red hawkmoth comprises the following steps: spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid at the juvenile stage. (3) Bulb rot disease: draining water, removing the disease plant at the early stage of disease onset, and irrigating the disease hole with 5% lime water or spraying lime powder on the disease hole to prevent the disease from spreading. (4) Aphids: spraying and killing by using 1500-2000 times of 40 percent imidacloprid aqueous solvent or 3000 times of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder. (5) Cabbage worm: spraying 90% dipterex 1500-fold diluent.
6. Harvesting
Harvesting twice, wherein the first harvesting is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, tubers with the diameter of 1.0cm are harvested, tubers with the diameter of less than 1.0cm are left on a seedbed, sowing is carried out again after the first harvesting, the seed consumption per mu is about 40-50kg, the second harvesting is from the middle and last ten days of 10 months to 11 months, and the pinellia ternate leaves begin to be harvested when turning yellow and green.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in a greenhouse one year and two kinds of pinellia ternate harvested in a greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following measures:
firstly, using a steel frame greenhouse: the single steel frame greenhouse is used, and the specification of the greenhouse is as follows: the span is 6m, the top height is 2.5m, the length is 20m, and the height of the ventilation opening is 1.5 m; fixing the covering film by using a film clamping groove;
secondly, arranging crops for rotation:
the cultivation of the pinellia ternata in the steel frame greenhouse is divided into spring earlier cropping and autumn later cropping; sowing the spring earlier crop in the middle and early days of 2 months, and harvesting in the middle and late days of 6 months; sowing the delayed autumn stubbles in the late 6 months, and harvesting from the middle 10 months to the upper 11 months;
third, sowing
Cultivation medium in the greenhouse: 20-30 parts of straw burning materials, 20-40 parts of cow dung, 4-6 parts of rapeseed oil cakes, 5-8 parts of urea, 3-6 parts of potassium sulfate, 9-15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 3-7 parts of limestone powder, 2-6 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues and 4-8 parts of EM composite microbial inoculum; the pH value is 7.0-7.6.
2. The cultivation method of two harvests a year for greenhouse pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeding measures further comprise the following measures:
land preparation: opening the compartment according to the row length of 100cm and the height of 30-40cm, stacking the compartment surface into a tile back shape, and finely finishing and raking; 5-7cm deep trenches are arranged on the wide rows according to the row spacing of 10 cm;
seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking pinellia ternate seed stems in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 10min, and then soaking in warm water with the water temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the temperature of 1000 times that of 50% carbendazim for 8-12 h;
sowing: sowing according to the plant spacing of 3-5 cm; planting tubers in the ditches with the bud heads upward; covering the bud heads of the seed stems in the first row with soil with the second row of seed ditches, covering with fine soil for 3-4cm, and watering thoroughly;
controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 15 and 25 ℃; in summer, when the temperature reaches above 25 ℃, the periphery of the greenhouse film is lifted, only the top is reserved, and a 2-needle sunshade net is covered;
topdressing: thinning human excrement after the pinellia is aligned in late 3 months and late 7 months;
irrigation and drainage and ridging: keeping the soil moist but not accumulating water; after seedlings are removed from the first ten days of 6 months to the first 7 months and the middle and last 8 months, hilling is carried out, fine soil is uniformly scattered on the furrow surface, and the thickness is 1-2 cm;
bud picking: when the scape is extracted in 5 months, the buds growing out are removed in stages and in batches.
3. The cultivation method of two harvests a year for greenhouse pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the following measures:
(1) leaf spot disease, control method: before and during the initial stage of disease, 1: 1: spraying 120 Bordeaux mixture for 2-5 times every 7-10 days for 1 time;
(2) the control method of the red hawkmoth comprises the following steps: spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon liquid at the juvenile stage;
(3) bulb rot disease: draining water, removing the disease plant at the early stage of disease occurrence, irrigating the disease hole of the disease plant with 5% lime water, or spreading lime powder at the disease hole to prevent the disease from spreading;
(4) aphids: spraying and killing by using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 40 percent imidacloprid aqueous solvent or 3000 times of 50 percent pirimicarb wettable powder;
(5) cabbage worm: spraying 90% dipterex 1500-fold diluent.
4. The cultivation method of two kinds of greenhouse pinellia ternate harvested in one year according to claim 1, further comprising harvesting:
harvesting twice, wherein the first harvesting is in the middle and last ten days of 6 months, tubers with the diameter of 1.0cm are harvested, tubers with the diameter of less than 1.0cm are left on a seedbed, sowing is carried out again after the first harvesting, the seed consumption per mu is 40-50kg, the second harvesting is from the middle and last ten days of 10 months to 11 months, and the pinellia ternate leaves begin to be harvested when turning yellow and green.
5. The cultivation method of two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternate one year according to claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues comprise the following components:
crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, amino acid, oil, saccharide, vitamin, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and potassium.
6. The cultivation method of two harvests of greenhouse pinellia ternata one year according to claim 5, wherein the crude protein accounts for 10-15% of the total amount, the crude fat accounts for 10-15% of the total amount, and the crude fiber accounts for 20-30% of the total amount.
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