CN104396652B - Double season, super hybridization rice three fitted four control high yield and quality cultivation methods - Google Patents
Double season, super hybridization rice three fitted four control high yield and quality cultivation methods Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses double season super hybridization rice three and fit four control high yield and quality cultivation methods.It is improper that super hybridization rice is held from the key technique such as prevention and control sowing, transplanting, apply fertilizer Guan Shui, control Seedling and pest and disease damage and lodging, and prevention and control measure is unreasonable, is all to cause double season super hybridization rice yield the highest, unstable and quality declines.The present invention by utilizing suitable seeding technique, transplanting and suitably thin planting, timely and appropriate discovery apply fertilizer in good time to double season super hybridization rice cultivation, and control rice field water layer, control Seedling number, prevention and control pest and disease damage, the cultural method of control lodging-prevention, have received good effect, there is application value.In the Hepu County Guangxi popularization and application present invention, accumulative popularizing area 630,000 mu, average every mu of newly-increased high quality paddy 57.2 kilograms, average every mu of new output value 160 yuan, economic, society and ecological benefits are the most notable.Achieving double season super hybridization rice high yield, stable yields, product reaches nuisanceless standard；The technology of the present invention is workable, is easily grasped by the vast farmers masses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to double season super hybridization rice three and fit four control high yield and quality cultivation methods, belong to rice cultivating technique field.
Background technology
The super hybridization rice plantation in that is a year of double season and results early, the super hybridization rice of both parties in a lawsuit in evening.The yield potentiality of super hybridization rice is big, if planted
Training management technical measures are proper, are greatly improved in yield than existing rice varieties.But, in actual production,
Double season, the Super-high-yielding potentiality of super hybridization rice the most mostly failed to obtain due performance.Tracing it to its cause, mainly due to part, grain farmer adopts
Double season super hybridization rice cultivation management improper measures cause.Super hybridization rice is from sowing, transplant, apply fertilizer Guan Shui, control Seedling and disease pest
The prevention and control key technique of evil and lodging is held inappropriate, and prevention and control measure is unreasonable, is all to cause double season super hybridization rice yield
The major reason that the highest, unstable and quality declines.For overcoming the cultivation management existing for double season super hybridization rice custom cultural method to arrange
It is improper to execute, and causes the problem that product yield is the highest, quality is unstable, and the appropriate technology of exploration pair season super hybridization rice cultivation management is with rationally
Prevention and control measure, studies high yield and quality cultivation method, creates and is conducive to the growth of super hybridization rice robust plant and the suitable cultivation of normal development
Environment, it is ensured that double season super hybridization rice high yield, stable yields and Product quality and safety, it appears particularly significant.And yet there are no relevant
Document is reported.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for the cultivation management measure existing for traditional cultivation method unreasonable, cause yield not
The problem that high, Product quality and safety level declines, research double season the suitable seeding technique of super hybridization rice, transplant and the dilutest in good time
Plant, timely and appropriate discovery applies fertilizer, and controls rice field water layer, controls Seedling number, prevention and control pest and disease damage, control lodging-prevention to yield and quality impact
Bigger key technology, it is provided that one pair season super hybridization rice three fits four control high yield and quality cultivation methods.
For achieving the above object, this invention takes following concrete measure, double season super hybridization rice three fit four control high yield and high quality and plant
Training method, including following technical step:
(1) suitable seeding technique
(1.1) suitable sowing time is determined
According to local climate Changing Pattern, rationally determine double season super hybridization rice suitable sowing time, early make and select ring sowing time
Border temperature stably reaches the period of more than 12 DEG C, and south China area early rice is sowing super hybridization rice the 2-4 month, and south, Hainan Province is annual
Oryza sativa L. can be sowed, meanwhile, use freeze prevention measure, with covered rearing with plastic film seedling, the sowing seedling of dry-raised nurse coating, actively prevent
Control is likely to occur the disaster of cold spell in later spring；Make evening and select sowing time heading flowering period can circumvent safely the period that " cold dew wind " endangers,
South China Region in Late is made and is being sowed super hybridization rice the 6-7 month, meanwhile, rationally determines and early makes and make the collocation of kind ripe phase, transplanting date evening,
Actively prevention and control are likely to occur the most early casualty loss caused because of " cold dew wind "；
(1.2) wood bran presoaking and germinating is used
It is the ratio of 1:2-4 according to the volume ratio of super hybridization rice seed with wood bran, mixes super hybridization rice seed presoaking and germinating with wood bran,
Comprising the concrete steps that of super hybridization rice seed wood bran presoaking and germinating: seed clear water foam washing is clean, is subsequently poured into 25% and makes hectogram EC
Seed soaking sterilization 3-5 hour in 2500 times of medicinal liquids, then clean with clear water, drain, super hybridization rice seed is fully mixed thoroughly, then with wood bran
Pouring in the woven bag of good permeability together, uniformly drenched in woven bag by the hot water of 85-87 DEG C, trickle amount can just to have in bag
Water breakthrough flows out for being spent, and limit is drenched hot water limit and rapidly and evenly stirred wood bran seed, slightly drains mistake in bag after fully stirring uniformly
Many moisture content, can tie bag mouth, spring ambient temperature be the place of 18-25 DEG C, summer indoor placement be incubated, pass through
The woven bag that will be equipped with wood bran seed after 12 hours puts into immersion 3-5 minute in the container filling 60-65 DEG C of hot water, drips after taking-up
Solid carbon dioxide part, continue to be placed on ambient temperature in spring be the place of 18-25 DEG C, summer, accelerating germination always was to planting in indoor heat insulating accelerating germination
Son " broken breast " shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and is cooled to 30-32 DEG C, can sow through 10-12 hour after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
(1.3) strong seedling is educated in suitably light seeding
Use woven cloth interlayer seedling, dry rice seedling, the method for raising seedling of water-raised seedling, every square metre of super seed rice of seedling sowing in bed
40-50 gram, accomplish uniformly to sow, rice seedling bed base manure to be used sufficient, decomposed manure 1.25-1.75 kilogram executed by every square metre of seedling bed,
Compound fertilizer 70-80 gram, executes " wean fertilizer " in time in rice shoot 2 leaf one heart stage, executes 7-9 gram of carbamide for every square metre, within 3-5 days, execute before transplanting
Once send and transfer fertilizer, execute carbamide and each 5-6 gram of potassium chloride for every square metre；
(2) transplant and suitable thin planting in good time
(2.1) suitable transplanting time is determined
In good time transplanting time, early makes and stably goes back up to more than 15 DEG C at temperature and can transplant, and morning is made shifting in south China area
The cultivation phase is arranged in the 3-5 month, makes transplanting time evening there to be enough growth times obtain high yield and can circumvent after rice transplanting in land for growing field crops
The neat fringe of " cold dew wind " safety is advisable, and south China Region in Late is made transplanting time and is arranged in the 7-8 month；
(2.2) suitable thin planting
Super hybridization rice tillering ability is on the weak side, and thin planting should be suitable, be according to soil fertility condition, breediness, seedling quality, fertilising pipe
Reason level rationally determines planting density, accomplishes suitable thin planting, early makes every mu of field planting 1.6-1.8 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 26.5-28.0 li
Rice, spacing in the rows 13.5-15.7 centimetre, every cave is inserted 2 Seedlings, is made every mu of field planting 1.9-2.1 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 24.5-26 centimetre, spacing in the rows evening
12.5-14.5 centimetre, 2 Seedlings, transplant depth 2 centimetres are inserted in every cave, improve and plant quality；
(3) timely and appropriate discovery fertilising
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer have production-increasing function in various degree under certain Fertilization Level to super hybridization rice, wherein play decision and make
Be nitrogenous fertilizer, next to that phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is always to execute pure nitrogen level 14kg-16kg/ mu, the key technology of fertilising
Being that foot wanted by base manure, topdress for the first time and want in good time, standard wanted by ear manuer, and the field of target output every mu 650 ± 50kg, base manure is except every mu
Use outside 40-50 kilogram of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8-10 kilogram of carbamide, 10-12 kilogram of potassium chloride, every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure 800-to be executed
1000 kilograms, under within 10-12 days, executing after moving to after dressing time is on the basis of using sufficient base manure suitably for the first time transplant, execute urine for every mu
Element 10-12 kilogram, ear manuer to execute 12-14 kilogram of carbamide, 13-15 kilogram of potassium chloride for every mu under the ear differentiation 2-3 phase executes；
(4) rice field water layer is controlled
(4.1) phase rice field water layer of turning green is transplanted
When transplanting rice transplanting, face, field no water layer, allows mud quickly fix shallow slotting rice shoot；Insert after rice shoot turn green the phase fill shallow water, water
Deep 2.5-3.5 centimetre；
(4.2) big field herbicidal period rice field water layer is spread fertilizer over the fields
Within after transplanting 4-7 days, pouring water and spread fertilizer over the fields herbicide, water irrigating depth does not reveal mud, lower with face, field eminence and does not flood seedlings of cereal crops lobus cardiacus and is
Standard, and water conservation 3-5 days；
(4.3) rice field in tillering stage water layer
Spread fertilizer over the fields and when topdressing for the first time, fill shallow water, after rich water fully lower infiltration field mud falls to doing naturally, to fill " horse race water "
Mode, keeps face, field to be in moisture state and do not have water layer, promotes tiller, strong tiller and root mass growth；
(4.4) dew dry field
When Seedling number reaches the 78-82% of every mu of number of productive ear 18-20 ten thousand fringe, proceed by dew dry field, open from dry field every time
Begin to terminate when shining the 75-80% reaching maxmun field capacity to soil moisture content always, after filling " horse race water ", again reveal dry field,
Dew dry field 2-3 time the most repeatedly；
(4.5) ear manuer period rice field water layer is executed
Filling shallow water during ear differentiation 2-3 phase and execute ear manuer, water in field keeps face, field moistening after naturally falling to do；
(4.6) heading is to period of maturation rice field water layer
Heading flowering period fills back shallow water, keeps face, field to moisten by the way of filling " horse race water " later, until 4-6 before results
It is cut off the water supply, and makes face, field earth gradually harden, and convenient machinery enters rice field results；
(5) Seedling number is controlled
The purpose controlling Seedling number is intended to promote that effective tillering becomes fringe to contribute yield, controls that yield is not had contributive invalid point
Tiller occurs, and is finally reached raising consitution and colony quality, first has to promote that super hybridization rice rice strain low position tiller early occurs, passes through
Use sufficient base manure, shallow rice transplanting and use control measures realization of topdressing for the first time in good time；Next to that when field Seedling number reaches 18-20 ten thousand
During the 78-82% of fringe/mu, 2-3 open field to be passed through and dry field realize control Seedling, control the highest Seedling number at 30-33 ten thousand/mu, thirdly
It is to improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, makes double season super hybridization rice percentage of earbearing tiller reach 59-61%, by by the base manure in conventional fertilization technology and for the first time
The amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer that topdresses accounts for nitrogenous fertilizer total amount of application 70-80%, changes into the 58-62% only accounting for the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, makes nitrogen application
The 38-42% of the amount second time fertilizer in ear differentiation period is used, and carries out postponing nitrogen, promotees tiller, protects tiller, strong tiller, controls Seedling number,
Improve the percentage of earbearing tiller；
(6) prevention and control pest and disease damage
Prevention and control pest and disease damage mainly applies cultural control, Ecological Control, Biological control, the non-chemically preventing and treating side of physics trapping
Method, by using the technological means prevention in addition to spraying chemical pesticide and the generation of disease and pest control and harm, reaches economical
Effectively and prevention and elimination of disease and pests safely, reduce Pesticide use and pollution, preserve the ecological environment, improve yield, ensure agricultural product
The purpose of quality safety；
(6.1) cultural control
Select breeding: select anti-, the breeding of resistance to pest and disease damage, be that prevention and control super hybridization rice pest and disease damage is the most direct, most economical, be also
One of most efficient method, selects and shows have anti-, the super hybridization rice breeding of the clear superiority of resistance to pest and disease damage in locality through experiment and demonstration
Special excellent boat No. 1 or Y two excellent No. 1；
Cleaning production environment: salvage sclerotium, the rice field floated at the water surface when filling deep water and harrowing a field and turn over and fill deep water leaching and macerate
To bury in oblivion snout moth's larva pupa in rice stub, to improve rice field irrigation and drainage system and prevent string between disease field and strong field field from filling；
Strengthen cultivation management: carry out seed disinfection and band medicine and transplant, begin sowing in good time, suitable thin planting, it is to avoid rice field is overflow for a long time
Fill, avoid partially executing and using nitrogenous fertilizer the latest；
(6.2) Ecological Control
Duck-raising enclosed paddy fields controls worm: in rice field, duck culturing carries out growing rice with ducks, and duck can prey on the snout moths larva in rice field, plant hopper, leafhopper,
And weeds occurrence injury can be controlled, can be Paddy fields and stimulation paddy growth；According to deinsectization, weeding and field bait situation,
Only put duck 12-15 in a suitable place to breed for every mu；
Protect and utilize natural enemy to control worm: to protect and utilize Rana nigromaculata, Aranea, the predation of trichogramma rice pest and insect parasite,
Prevention and control snout moths larva, planthopper, oryza chinensis, leafhopper occurrence injury；
(6.3) Biological control
Super hybridization rice pest and disease damage mainly has banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, planthopper and rice leaf roller, sprays biological pesticide spring thunder mould
Element, bacillus subtilis, tetramycin, shenqinmycin or Ningnanmycin, can prevent and treat rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, false smut disease
Evil；Spray biological pesticide ethyl spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
Or avilamycin, rice leaf roller, yellow rice borer and planthopper insect pest can be prevented and treated；Described biological pesticide to make in strict accordance with description
With, and advocate the alternately various effective biological pesticides of rotation use；
(6.4) physics trapping
A solar energy or frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the trapping lamp distance from bottom ground of installation are installed in every 30-40 mu rice field
1.4-1.6 rice, can trap and kill and have the yellow rice borer of phototactic characteristics, rice leaf roller and planthopper adult pest；
(7) prevention and control lodging
(7.1) breeding is selected
Select lodging resistance exsertile super hybridization rice kind Y two excellent No. 1, special excellent boat 1；
(7.2) science Guan Shui
Rice field except need transplanting period of seedling establishment, heading flowering period and the pesticide of moisture sensitivity, fertilising to fill shallow water it
Outward, land for growing field crops fertility is omnidistance keeps wetting irrigation for paddy field based on face, field no water layer, in order to avoid rice field keeps water layer to cause rice cane group for a long time
Knit soft loose, root mass dysplasia, take root shallow, easily lodge；
(7.3) accurate assurance ear manuer time of application
After stem Section 2 internode starting elongation, applying ear manuer, making rice basal part of stem the first He too early in order to avoid using because of ear manuer
Second internode excessively extends, and is easily caused lodging；
(7.4) prevention and control pest and disease damage
Keypoint control rice sheath blight disease, planthopper pest and disease damage, in order to avoid these pest and disease damages cause rice strain cane to damage, be easily caused
Lodging；
(7.5) vertical rich effervescence tablet lodging-prevention is sprayed
Before jointing 7-9 days, every mu of use was found rich effervescence tablet 7-8 sheet and is watered 40-50 kilogram and sprays, and strengthens energy resistant to lodging
Power, improves yield.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, by double season super hybridization rice cultivation enforcements three are fitted four control cultural methods, i.e.
Utilize suitable seeding technique, transplant and suitably thin planting, timely and appropriate discovery fertilising in good time, and control rice field water layer, control Seedling number,
Prevention and control pest and disease damage, the cultural method of control lodging-prevention, have received good effect, have a good application value, 2011
To the first half of the year in 2014, in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Hepu County popularization and application the technology of the present invention, it is achieved that double season super hybridization rice high yield,
Stable yields, product reaches nuisanceless standard；And the technology of the present invention is workable, is easily grasped by the vast farmers masses, be deeply subject to
Peasant welcomes.Accumulative popularization and application area 630,000 mu, average every mu of newly-increased high quality paddy 57.2 kilograms, average every mu of new output value
160 yuan, economic, society and ecological benefits are the most notable.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
1 suitable seeding technique
1.1 determine suitable sowing time
According to local climate Changing Pattern, rationally determine double season super hybridization rice suitable sowing time.
Early make and stably reach more than 12 DEG C at temperature, and fraction reaches the period in more than 80% time and broadcasts in over the years
Kind.Guangxi coastal areas typically sows super hybridization rice in mid-February to the last ten-days period.Meanwhile, freeze prevention measure covered rearing with plastic film to be used
Seedling sowed by seedling, dry-raised nurse coating, and positive prevention and control remaining 20% time is likely to occur the disaster of cold spell in later spring.
Make evening and can circumvent safely " cold dew wind " harm with heading flowering period, and fraction reaches more than 80% in over the years
The period sowing in time.Guangxi coastal areas typically sows super hybridization rice in late June to early July.Meanwhile, use the most really
The collocation of kind ripe phase, transplanting date measure are made and made evening to fixed morning, and positive prevention and control remaining 20% time is because cold dew wind is likely to occur the most early
The casualty loss caused.
1.2 use wood bran presoaking and germinating
Wood bran refers to that timber is at the foam shape wood flour adding fallen timber in man-hour itself with saw cut.Wood bran has suction
Water, heat absorption, warming, moisturizing, feature that aeration is good.With wood bran to super hybridization rice seed presoaking and germinating, be avoided that seed turn sour, rotten
Plant the generation of phenomenon, and it is fast, neat to germinate.The wooden bran of super hybridization rice seed presoaking and germinating, preferably with Lignum seu Ramulus Cunninghamiae Lanceolatae or general weedtree
Wood bran, should not be big, containing the many wooden brans of oil quantity with Lignum cinnamomi camphorae and Masson Pine penetrating odor.
Comprising the concrete steps that of super hybridization rice seed wood bran presoaking and germinating: seed clear water foam washing is clean, is subsequently poured into 25% and makes
Seed soaking sterilization 4-5 hour in 2500 times of medicinal liquids of hectogram EC, then clean with clear water, drain.Wood 1-2 times of super hybridization rice seed
Bran is fully mixed thoroughly with seed, pours into the most together in the woven bag of good permeability.Uniformly drench after clean water burn-out to 86-87 DEG C
Entering in woven bag, trickle amount has just had visible water to flow out for degree in bag, and wood bran seed is rapidly and evenly stirred on pouring limit, limit.Wait to fill
Slightly drain moisture content too much in bag after point stirring uniformly, bag mouth can be tied, spring ambient temperature be the ground of 18-25 DEG C
Side, summer are incubated in indoor placement.After 12 hours, check wood bran dry and wet situation, there are flowing out if pinching wood bran with hands, saying
Bright dry and wet is suitable, otherwise explanation is the most dry.At this moment the woven bag that will be equipped with wood bran seed is put in the cylinder filling 62-65 DEG C of hot water
Or soaking 4-5 minute in bucket, drain well after taking-up, continuing to be placed on ambient temperature in spring is place, the summer of 18-25 DEG C
At indoor heat insulating, accelerating germination always to seed " broken breast " shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.It is cooled to 30-32 DEG C after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can broadcast through 11-12 hour
Kind.
Strong seedling is educated in 1.3 suitable light seedings
Suitably light seeding, the strong seedling of cultivation are one of important measures of acquisition pair season super hybridization rice high yield.Woven cloth interlayer is used to educate
Seedling, dry rice seedling, every square metre of seedling sowing in bed super seed rice 43.5-50.0 gram of water-raised seedling method of raising seedling.Accomplish uniformly to sow.
Rice seedling bed base manure to be used sufficient, every square metre of seedling bed can execute decomposed manure 1.35-1.75 kilogram, compound fertilizer 75-80 gram；Will be at rice shoot
2 leaf one heart stages, executed " wean fertilizer " in time, can execute 8-9 gram of carbamide for every square metre, within 4-5 days, execute once to send and transfer fertilizer before transplanting, every square
Rice can execute carbamide and each 4.5-6.0 gram of potassium chloride.
2 transplant and suitable thin planting in good time
2.1 determine suitable transplanting time
Transplanting time rationally can determine according to weather, kind, seedling raising method, situation of making preparation for ploughing and sowing in good time.
Guangxi coastal areas early makes transplanting time, is typically scheduled at temperature and stably goes back up to the March 20 of more than 15 DEG C to 30
Day transplants.
Guangxi coastal areas makes transplanting time evening, and after being typically scheduled at rice transplanting, late rice has enough growth times to obtain in land for growing field crops
High yield and 20 to 30 July of the neat fringe of " cold dew wind " safety can be circumvented.
2.2 suitable thin plantings
Oryza sativa L. thin planting is conducive to improving field microclimate, makes field ventilation and penetrating light, reduces generation and the harm of pest and disease damage.But
Super hybridization rice tillering ability is the most on the weak side, and thin planting should be suitable.Therefore, the custom preferably changing plantation super hybridization rice Transplanting Density the dilutest is done
Method, rationally determines planting density according to soil fertility condition, breediness, seedling quality, fertilizer management, accomplishes suitable thin planting.
General morning makes every mu of field planting 1.6-1.8 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 26.6-28.0 centimetre, spacing in the rows 13.6-15.6cm；2 Seedlings are inserted in every cave.Evening
Make every mu of field planting 1.9-2.1 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 24.6-26cm, spacing in the rows 12.6-14.5cm；2 Seedlings are inserted in every cave.Shallow inserting is accomplished in requirement
(degree of depth 2cm) is even inserts, and improves and plants quality.
3 timely and appropriate discovery fertilisings
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer have production-increasing function in various degree under certain Fertilization Level to super hybridization rice, wherein play decision and make
Be nitrogenous fertilizer, next to that phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer.Therefore, the fertilising of super hybridization rice will be on the basis of nitrogenous fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are with reference to nitrogen
Fertile amount of application is used according to rational formula.Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is always to execute pure nitrogen level 14kg-16 kg/acre, fertile according to soil
Power testing result determines that concrete field needs to apply supplementary concrete fertilizer amount.The key technology of fertilising is that foot wanted by base manure, the
Once topdressing and want in good time, standard wanted by ear manuer.The field that general objectives yield is 650 ± 50 kilograms every mu, base manure uses calcium except every mu
Outside magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 45-50 kilogram, 8.5-10 kilogram of carbamide, 11-12 kilogram of potassium chloride, every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure 900-1000 to be executed
Kilogram；Under within 11-12 days, executing after moving to after dressing time is on the basis of using sufficient base manure suitably for the first time transplant, execute carbamide for every mu
10.5-12 kilogram, ear manuer to execute 12.5-14 kilogram of carbamide, potassium chloride 13.5-15 public affairs for every mu under the ear differentiation 2-3 phase executes
Jin.
4 control rice field water layer
4.1 transplant phase rice field water layer of turning green
When transplanting rice transplanting, face, field no water layer, allows mud quickly fix shallow slotting rice shoot；After inserting, rice shoot turns green phase filling shallow water i.e.
The depth of water 3.0 centimetres-3.5 centimetres.
4.2 spread fertilizer over the fields big field herbicidal period rice field water layer
Within after transplanting 4-7 days, pouring water and spread fertilizer over the fields herbicide, water irrigating depth does not reveal mud, lower with face, field eminence and does not flood seedlings of cereal crops lobus cardiacus and is
Good, and water conservation 4-5 days.
4.3 tillering stage rice field water layer
Spread fertilizer over the fields and when topdressing for the first time, fill shallow water, after rich water fully lower infiltration field mud falls to doing naturally, to fill " horse race water " i.e.
Pour water and discharge the mode outside field behind even field at once, keep face, field to be in moisture state and there is no water layer, promote tiller, strong tiller and root
All living creatures's length.
4.4 dew dry fields
When Seedling number reaches i.e. every mu number of productive ear 18-20 ten thousand fringe of 79-82% of required spike number, proceed by dew dry field.Often
Secondary starting to shine soil moisture content from dry field always and reach the 75-80% of maxmun field capacity, i.e. riding field soil has footprint and foot
Terminate when being absorbed in down mud, after filling " horse race water ", again reveal dry field, the most repeatedly dew dry field 2-3 time.
4.5 execute ear manuer period rice field water layer
Filling shallow water before the ear differentiation 2-3 phase and execute ear manuer, water in field keeps face, field to moisten after naturally falling to doing.
4.6 heading are to period of maturation rice field water layer
Heading flowering period fills back shallow water, keeps face, field to moisten by the way of filling " horse race water " later, until 4-6 before results
It is cut off the water supply, and makes face, field earth gradually harden, and convenient machinery enters rice field results
5 control Seedling number
The purpose controlling Seedling number is intended to promote that effective tillering becomes fringe to contribute yield, controls that yield is not had contributive invalid point
Tiller occurs, and is finally reached raising consitution and colony quality, it is achieved the purpose of stable high yield.First have to promote super hybridization rice rice strain
Low position tiller early occurs, and by using sufficient base manure, shallow rice transplanting and can use control measures realization of topdressing for the first time in good time；Next to that work as
When field Seedling number reaches the 79-82% i.e. 18-20 ten thousand fringes/mu planning spike number, 2-3 open field to be passed through and dry field realize control Seedling, control
Seedling peak is at 31-33 ten thousand/mu；It is thirdly to improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, makes double season super hybridization rice percentage of earbearing tiller reach 60-61%, can be by passing
Base manure and the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer that topdresses for the first time in system fertilizer practice account for nitrogenous fertilizer total amount of application 70-80%, change into that only to account for nitrogenous fertilizer total
The 59-61% of amount of application, makes the 39-41% of the amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer second time fertilizer in ear differentiation period use, carries out postponing nitrogen,
The most not only promote tiller but also protect tiller, strong tiller, be finally reached control Seedling number, improve the percentage of earbearing tiller and increase the purpose of yield.
6 prevention and control pest and disease damages
Prevention and control pest and disease damage mainly applies non-chemically prevention and controls, i.e. by using the technology in addition to spraying chemical pesticide
Means prevent the generation with disease and pest control and harm, reach economical and effective and prevention and elimination of disease and pests safely, reduce pesticide and make
With and pollute, preserve the ecological environment, improve yield, ensure agricultural product quality and safety purpose.And spray the chemistry of chemical pesticide
Prevention and controls should as far as possible few with or without, be only used as last, forced measure.Non-chemical control methods means include agriculture
Industry preventing and treating, Ecological Control, Biological control, physics trapping.
6.1 cultural control
Select breeding: select anti-, the breeding of resistance to pest and disease damage, be the most economical effective method of prevention and control super hybridization rice pest and disease damage.Optional
It is used in locality and shows that there is super hybridization rice breeding Y two excellent No. 1 or special excellent boat 1 anti-, the clear superiority of resistance to pest and disease damage through experiment and demonstration.
Cleaning production environment: salvage sclerotium, the rice field floated at the water surface when filling deep water and harrowing a field and turn over and fill deep water leaching and macerate
To bury in oblivion snout moth's larva pupa in rice stub, to improve rice field irrigation and drainage system and prevent string between disease field and strong field field from filling.
Strengthen cultivation management: carry out seed disinfection and band medicine and transplant, begin sowing in good time, suitable thin planting, it is to avoid rice field is overflow for a long time
Fill, avoid partially executing and using nitrogenous fertilizer the latest.
6.2 Ecological Control
Duck-raising enclosed paddy fields controls worm: in rice field, duck culturing carries out growing rice with ducks, and duck can prey on the snout moths larva in rice field, plant hopper, leafhopper,
And weeds occurrence injury can be controlled, can be Paddy fields and stimulation paddy growth.Can be according to deinsectization, weeding and field bait feelings
Condition, only puts duck 13-15 in a suitable place to breed for every mu.
Protect and utilize natural enemy to control worm: to protect and utilize Rana nigromaculata, Aranea, the predation of trichogramma rice pest and insect parasite,
Prevention and control snout moths larva, planthopper, oryza chinensis, leafhopper occurrence injury.
6.3 Biological control
Super hybridization rice pest and disease damage mainly has banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, planthopper, rice leaf roller.Spray biological pesticide spring thunder mould
Element, bacillus subtilis, tetramycin, shenqinmycin, Ningnanmycin, prevent and treat rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, false smut disease；
Spray biological pesticide ethyl spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Ah
Dimension rhzomorph, prevents and treats rice leaf roller, yellow rice borer, planthopper insect pest.Described biological pesticide to use in strict accordance with description, and carries
Advocate alternately rotation and use various effective biological pesticides.
6.4 physics trappings
A solar energy or frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed in every 35-40 mu rice field.Will be apart from ground bottom the trapping lamp installed
1.5-1.6 rice.Can trap and kill and there is the yellow rice borer of phototactic characteristics, rice leaf roller, planthopper adult pest.
7 prevention and control lodging
7.1 select breeding
Select through in local experiment and demonstration performance lodging resistance exsertile super hybridization rice kind Y two excellent No. 1 or special excellent boat 1
Number.
7.2 science Guan Shui
Rice field in addition to turn green after inserting phase, heading flowering period moisture sensitivity phase and fertilising, pesticide need to fill shallow water,
Omnidistance based on face, field no water layer holding wetting irrigation for paddy field, in order to avoid rice field keeps water layer to cause rice cane tissue softness to be loosened for a long time,
Root mass dysplasia, take root shallow, easily lodge.
7.3 accurate assurance ear manuer times of application
GPRS applies ear manuer after stem Section 2 internode starts elongation, makes rice basal part of stem too early in order to avoid using because of ear manuer
First and second internodes excessively extend, and are easily caused lodging.
7.4 prevention and control pest and disease damages
Keypoint control rice sheath blight disease, planthopper pest and disease damage, in order to avoid these pest and disease damages cause rice strain cane to damage, be easily caused
Lodging.
7.5 spray vertical rich effervescence tablet lodging-prevention
Before jointing 7-9 days, every mu with the vertical rich effervescence tablet 7-8 sheet that main component is 5% Prohexadione calcium, every tablet weight is
2.86 grams, it is watered 45-50 kilogram and sprays, lodging tolerance can be obviously enhanced, improve yield.
Embodiment 2
Early made in 2012, evening make early made with 2013, evening makes and early makes, in Hepu, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for 2014
Pan Tang village, Lian Zhou town, county executes the present invention really.
Committee of Pan Tang village, Lian Zhou town cultivated area is 4396 mu, wherein paddy field area 3762 mu.2012 (include early making, evening
Make), 2013 (include early make, evening makes) 2014, early to make plantation super hybridization rice kind be all special excellent boat 1.Wherein, within 2012, surpass
Level rice cultivated area is 7118 mu；Within 2013, Super Rice Planting area is 7262 mu；Within 2014, early making plantation super hybridization rice area is
3644 mu.
The area implementing the present invention in 2012 is 6678 mu, accounts for the 93.82% of super hybridization rice area, does not implement the present invention's
Comparison field area is 440 mu, accounts for the 6.18% of super hybridization rice area；The area implementing the present invention in 2013 is 6952 mu, accounts for super hybridization rice
The 95.73% of area, the comparison field area not implementing the present invention is 310 mu, accounts for the 4.27% of super hybridization rice area；Within 2014, early make
The area implementing the present invention is 3592 mu, accounts for the 98.57% of super hybridization rice area, and the comparison field area not implementing the present invention is 52
Mu, accounts for the 1.43% of super hybridization rice area.Double season super hybridization rice that committee of Pan Tang village cultivates by the present invention achieves high yield, stable yields, and product reaches
To nuisanceless standard.After tested, within 2012, early make make with evening, within 2013, early make and make evening, the application of 2014 committees of Nian Zaozaopan pool villages
The super hybridization rice of present invention cultivation, every per mu yield reaches 458.56-496.83 kilogram, average every per mu yield 474.28 kilograms, every mu of ratio
Custom cultivation amount of increase in production reaches 48.95-76.18 kilogram, average out to 58.27 kilograms, rate of growth 11.95-18.11%, average out to
14.01%, every mu increases income 137.06-213.30 unit, and average every mu increases income and reaches 163.16 yuan；It is additionally, since the employing present invention double season
The appropriate technology of super hybridization rice cultivation management and reasonable prevention and control measure, create and be conducive to the growth of super hybridization rice robust plant and normal development
Suitable cultivation environment；Timely and appropriate discovery applies fertilizer, and uses the non-chemically cultural control of prevention and controls, Ecological Control, Biological control, thing
Reason trapping prevention and control pest and disease damage, reduces chemical pesticide dosage, saves chemical pesticide medication and prevents and treats disease pest cost, every mu of joint
10.2-18.5 unit, 14.6 yuan of average every mu of joint.Test result proves, the inventive method is easy, workable, Yi Weiguang
Big mass peasants grasp, and are deeply welcome by peasant, and the economy of acquirement, society and ecological benefits are the most notable.
The specific practice really executing the present invention in Pan Tang village is:
1 suitable seeding technique
1.1 determine suitable sowing time
According to local climate Changing Pattern, rationally determine double season super hybridization rice suitable sowing time.
Early make sowing in 18 to 25 the February super hybridization rice stably reaching more than 12 DEG C at temperature.Meanwhile, plastic sheeting is used
Cover seedling, dry-raised nurse coating sowing seedling freeze prevention measure, the disaster of positive prevention and control cold spell in later spring.
Make evening can circumvent safely, at heading flowering period, sowing on June 28 to July 5 super hybridization rice that " cold dew wind " endangers.
Meanwhile, rationally determining and early make and make the collocation of kind ripe phase, transplanting date evening, positive prevention and control cold dew wind is likely to occur and the most early causes
Casualty loss.
1.2 use wood bran presoaking and germinating
Super hybridization rice seed use the concrete steps of wood bran presoaking and germinating with 1.2 in embodiment 1.
Strong seedling is educated in 1.3 suitable light seedings
Suitably light seeding, the strong seedling of cultivation are one of important measures of acquisition pair season super hybridization rice high yield.Woven cloth interlayer is used to educate
Seedling, dry rice seedling, every square metre of seedling sowing in bed super seed rice 40-48 gram of water-raised seedling method of raising seedling, and accomplish uniformly to sow.Rice seedling bed
Using sufficient base manure, every square metre of seedling bed executes decomposed manure 1.3-1.6 kilogram, compound fertilizer 73-76 gram；In rice shoot 2 leaf one heart stage and
Time execute " wean fertilizer ", execute 7-8 gram of carbamide for every square metre, within 3-4 days, execute once to send before transplanting and transfer fertilizer, execute carbamide and chlorination for every square metre
Each 5-5.5 gram of potassium.
2 transplant and suitable thin planting in good time
2.1 determine suitable transplanting time
Transplanting time rationally can determine according to weather, kind, seedling raising method, situation of making preparation for ploughing and sowing in good time.
Early make the transplanting in 23 to 28 March stably going back up to more than 15 DEG C at temperature.
Making transplanting time evening has enough growth times obtain high yield and can circumvent " Cold Dew with late rice after rice transplanting in land for growing field crops
Wind " transplant 23 to 28 July of fringe the most together.
2.2 suitable thin plantings
The plantation the dilutest way of super hybridization rice Transplanting Density is changed in Pan Tang village, Lian Zhou town after really executing the present invention, according to
Soil fertility condition, breediness, seedling quality, fertilizer management rationally determine planting density, accomplish suitable thin planting.Early make every mu
Field planting 1.6-1.8 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 26.5-27.8 centimetre, spacing in the rows 13.5-15.5 centimetre；2 Seedlings are inserted in every cave.Make every mu of field planting evening
1.9-2.1 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 24.5-25.8 centimetre, spacing in the rows 12.5-14.4 centimetre；2 Seedlings are inserted in every cave.Accomplish shallow inserting, transplanting depth
It is 2 centimetres, even slotting, improve and plant quality.
3 timely and appropriate discovery fertilisings
Specifying in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, play a decisive role super hybridization rice volume increase is nitrogenous fertilizer, next to that phosphate fertilizer and potassium
Fertilizer, in the fertilising of super hybridization rice on the basis of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are used according to rational formula with reference to the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer.Nitrogen
Fertile amount of application is always to execute pure nitrogen level 14-16 kg/acre, and the concrete fertilizer consumption of concrete field is according to soil fertility detection knot
Fruit determines.The key technology of fertilising is that foot wanted by base manure, topdresses for the first time and wants in good time, and standard wanted by ear manuer.General objectives yield every mu 650
The field of ± 50 kilograms, base manure uses 45-48 kilogram of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8-9.5 kilogram of carbamide, potassium chloride 10-11 public affairs except every mu
Outside Jin, every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure to be executed 800-900 kilogram；Move after dressing time is on the basis of using sufficient base manure suitably for the first time
Within 10-11 days, executing down after transplanting, execute 10-11.5 kilogram of carbamide for every mu, ear manuer to execute urine for every mu under the ear differentiation 2-3 phase executes
Element 12.5-14 kilogram, 14-15 kilogram of potassium chloride.
4 control rice field water layer
4.1 transplant phase rice field water layer of turning green
Face, field no water layer during rice transplanting, allows mud quickly fix shallow slotting rice shoot；After inserting, the rice shoot phase of turning green pours water is 2.5-deeply
The shallow water of 3.0 centimetres.
4.2 spread fertilizer over the fields big field herbicidal period rice field water layer
Within after transplanting 4-5 days, pouring water and spread fertilizer over the fields herbicide, water irrigating depth does not reveal mud, lower with face, field eminence and does not flood seedlings of cereal crops lobus cardiacus and is
Standard, and water conservation 3-4 days.
4.3 tillering stage rice field water layer
Spread fertilizer over the fields and when topdressing for the first time, fill shallow water, after rich water fully lower infiltration field mud falls to doing naturally, to fill " horse race water ", i.e.
Pour water and discharge the mode outside field behind even field at once, keep face, field to be in moisture state and there is no water layer, promote tiller, strong tiller and root
All living creatures's length.
4.4 dew dry fields
When Seedling number reaches every mu of number of productive ear 15-16 ten thousand fringe, proceed by dew dry field.Start to shine from dry field every time always
Reach to soil moisture content to terminate during the 76-78% of maxmun field capacity, after filling " horse race water ", again reveal dry field, the most repeatedly
Dew dry field 2-3 time.
4.5 execute ear manuer period rice field water layer
Filling shallow water before the ear differentiation 2-3 phase and execute ear manuer, water in field keeps face, field to moisten after naturally falling to doing.
4.6 heading are to period of maturation rice field water layer
Heading flowering period fills back shallow water, keeps face, field to moisten by the way of filling " horse race water " later, until 4-5 before results
It is cut off the water supply, and makes face, field earth gradually harden, and convenient machinery enters rice field results.
5 control Seedling number
The purpose controlling Seedling number is intended to promote that effective tillering becomes fringe to contribute yield, controls that yield is not had contributive invalid point
Tiller occurs, and is finally reached raising consitution and colony quality, it is achieved the purpose of stable high yield.First promote that super hybridization rice rice strain is low
Position tiller early occurs, by using sufficient base manure, shallow rice transplanting and using control measures realization of topdressing for the first time in good time；Next to that work as field
When Seedling number reaches 15-16 ten thousand fringes/mu, realize control Seedling by 2-3 open field and dry field, control Seedling peak at 30-32 ten thousand/mu；Again its
Secondary is to improve the percentage of earbearing tiller, makes double season super hybridization rice percentage of earbearing tiller reach 60-61%, can be by by the base manure in conventional fertilization technology and the
The amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer that once topdresses accounts for nitrogenous fertilizer total amount of application 70-80%, changes into the 59-60% only accounting for the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, makes nitrogenous fertilizer
The 40-41% of the amount of application second time fertilizer in ear differentiation period is used, and carries out postponing nitrogen, the most not only promotees tiller but also protect tiller, strengthen
Tiller, is finally reached control Seedling number, improves the percentage of earbearing tiller and increases the purpose of yield.
6 prevention and control pest and disease damages
Prevention and control pest and disease damage mainly applies non-chemically prevention and controls, i.e. by using the technology in addition to spraying chemical pesticide
Means prevent the generation with disease and pest control and harm, reach economical and effective and prevention and elimination of disease and pests safely, reduce pesticide and make
With and pollute, preserve the ecological environment, improve yield, ensure the purpose of agricultural product quality and safety, and spray the chemistry of chemical pesticide
Prevention and controls as far as possible few with or without.Non-chemical control methods means include cultural control, Ecological Control, Biological control, physics
Trapping.
6.1 cultural control
Select breeding: select and there is in locality the special excellent boat 1 of super hybridization rice breeding anti-, the clear superiority of resistance to pest and disease damage.
Cleaning production environment: improve rice field irrigation and drainage system and prevent string between disease field and strong field field from filling, when filling deep water and harrowing a field
Salvage sclerotium, the rice field floated at the water surface turn over and fill the snout moth's larva pupa that deep water leaching macerates to bury in oblivion in rice stub.
Strengthen cultivation management: carry out seed disinfection and band medicine and transplant, begin sowing in good time, suitable thin planting, it is to avoid rice field is overflow for a long time
Fill, avoid partially executing and using nitrogenous fertilizer the latest.
6.2 Ecological Control
Duck-raising enclosed paddy fields controls worm: in rice field, duck culturing carries out growing rice with ducks, and duck can prey on the snout moths larva in rice field, plant hopper, leafhopper,
And weeds occurrence injury can be controlled, can be Paddy fields and stimulation paddy growth.Can be according to deinsectization, weeding and field bait feelings
Condition, only puts duck 12-14 in a suitable place to breed for every mu.
Protect and utilize natural enemy to control worm: to protect and utilize Rana nigromaculata, Aranea, the predation of trichogramma rice pest and insect parasite,
Prevention and control snout moths larva, planthopper, oryza chinensis, leafhopper occurrence injury.
6.3 Biological control
Super hybridization rice pest and disease damage mainly has banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, planthopper, rice leaf roller.Spray biological pesticide spring thunder mould
Element, bacillus subtilis, tetramycin, shenqinmycin, Ningnanmycin, prevent and treat rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, false smut disease；
Spray biological pesticide ethyl spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Ah
Dimension rhzomorph, prevents and treats rice leaf roller, yellow rice borer, planthopper insect pest.Described biological pesticide to use in strict accordance with description, and carries
Advocate alternately rotation and use various effective biological pesticides.
6.4 physics trappings
A solar energy or frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed in every 30-35 mu rice field.Will be apart from ground bottom the trapping lamp installed
1.4-1.5 rice, trapping has the yellow rice borer of phototactic characteristics, rice leaf roller, planthopper adult pest.
7 prevention and control lodging
7.1 select breeding
Select through in the local experiment and demonstration special excellent boat 1 of performance lodging resistance exsertile super hybridization rice kind.
7.2 science Guan Shui
Rice field is except rice shoot period of seedling establishment, panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage, heading flowering period after the rice transplanting to moisture sensitivity, and apply fertilizer,
Pesticide needs to fill outside shallow water, all keeps wetting irrigation for paddy field based on face, field no water layer during Production of Large Fields is whole, in order to avoid
Rice field keeps water layer to cause for a long time, and rice cane tissue is soft loose, root mass dysplasia, take root shallow, easily lodges.
7.3 accurate assurance ear manuer times of application
GPRS applies ear manuer after stem Section 2 internode starts elongation, makes rice basal part of stem too early in order to avoid using because of ear manuer
First and second internodes excessively extend, and are easily caused lodging.
7.4 prevention and control pest and disease damages
Keypoint control rice sheath blight disease, planthopper pest and disease damage, in order to avoid these pest and disease damages cause rice strain cane to damage, be easily caused
Lodging.
7.5 spray vertical rich effervescence tablet lodging-prevention
Before jointing 7-8 days, every mu by the vertical rich effervescence tablet 7-8 sheet that main component is 5% Prohexadione calcium worm, every tablet weight
2.86 grams, it is watered 40-44 kilogram and sprays, lodging tolerance can be obviously enhanced, improve yield.
Claims (1)
1. pair season super hybridization rice three fits four control high yield and quality cultivation methods, it is characterised in that include following technical step:
(1) suitable seeding technique
(1.1) suitable sowing time is determined
According to local climate Changing Pattern, rationally determine double season super hybridization rice suitable sowing time, early make Environment gas in sowing time
Temperature stably reaches the period of more than 12 DEG C, and south China area early rice is sowing super hybridization rice the 2-4 month, and south, Hainan Province the whole year can
Sowing Oryza sativa L., meanwhile, uses freeze prevention measure, and with covered rearing with plastic film seedling, the sowing seedling of dry-raised nurse coating, positive prevention and control can
The disaster of cold spell in later spring can occur；Make evening and select sowing time heading flowering period can circumvent safely the period that " cold dew wind " endangers, China
Southern area is made and sowing super hybridization rice the 6-7 month evening, meanwhile, rationally determines and early makes and make evening the collocation of kind ripe phase, transplanting date, actively
Prevention and control are likely to occur the most early casualty loss caused because of " cold dew wind "；
(1.2) wood bran presoaking and germinating is used
It is the ratio of 1:2-4 according to the volume ratio of super hybridization rice seed with wood bran, mixes super hybridization rice seed presoaking and germinating with wood bran, super
Comprising the concrete steps that of rice wood bran presoaking and germinating: seed clear water foam washing is clean, is subsequently poured into 25% and makes hectogram EC 2500
Seed soaking sterilization 3-5 hour in times medicinal liquid, then clean with clear water, drain, super hybridization rice seed is fully mixed thoroughly, the most together with wooden bran
Pouring in the woven bag of good permeability, uniformly drenched in woven bag by the hot water of 85-87 DEG C, trickle amount can water breakthrough just to have had in bag
Flowing out for spending, limit is drenched hot water limit and is rapidly and evenly stirred wood bran seed, slightly drains in bag too much after fully stirring uniformly
Moisture content, can tie bag mouth, spring ambient temperature be the place of 18-25 DEG C, summer indoor placement be incubated, little through 12
The woven bag that will be equipped with wood bran seed time after puts into immersion 3-5 minute in the container filling 60-65 DEG C of hot water, drains the water after taking-up
Part, continue to be placed on ambient temperature in spring be the place of 18-25 DEG C, summer, accelerating germination always to seed was " broken in indoor heat insulating accelerating germination
Breast " show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, it is cooled to 30-32 DEG C after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally, can sow through 10-12 hour；
(1.3) strong seedling is educated in suitably light seeding
Use woven cloth interlayer seedling, dry rice seedling, the method for raising seedling of water-raised seedling, every square metre of seedling sowing in bed super seed rice 40-50
Gram, accomplish uniformly to sow, rice seedling bed base manure to be used sufficient, every square metre of seedling bed executes decomposed manure 1.25-1.75 kilogram, compound fertilizer
70-80 gram, execute " wean fertilizer " in time in rice shoot 2 leaf one heart stage, execute 7-9 gram of carbamide for every square metre, within 3-5 days, execute before transplanting and once send
Transfer fertilizer, execute carbamide and each 5-6 gram of potassium chloride for every square metre；
(2) transplant and suitable thin planting in good time
(2.1) suitable transplanting time is determined
In good time transplanting time, early makes and typically stably goes back up to more than 15 DEG C at temperature and can transplant, and morning is made shifting in south China area
The cultivation phase is arranged in the 3-5 month, makes transplanting time evening there to be enough growth times obtain high yield and can circumvent after rice transplanting in land for growing field crops
The neat fringe of " cold dew wind " safety is advisable, and south China Region in Late is made transplanting time and is arranged in the 7-8 month；
(2.2) suitable thin planting
Super hybridization rice tillering ability is on the weak side, and thin planting should be suitable, be according to soil fertility condition, breediness, seedling quality, fertilizing management water
Put down and rationally determine planting density, accomplish suitable thin planting, early make every mu of field planting 1.6-1.8 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 26.5-28.0 centimetre, strain
Away from 13.5-15.7 centimetre, 2 Seedlings are inserted in every cave, make every mu of field planting 1.9-2.1 ten thousand cave, line-spacing 24.5-26 centimetre, spacing in the rows 12.5-evening
14.5 centimetres, 2 Seedlings, transplant depth 2 centimetres are inserted in every cave, improve and plant quality；
(3) timely and appropriate discovery fertilising
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer have production-increasing function in various degree under certain Fertilization Level to super hybridization rice, wherein play a decisive role
It is nitrogenous fertilizer, next to that phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is always to execute pure nitrogen level 14kg-16kg/ mu, and the key technology of fertilising is base
Fertile foot of wanting, first time topdresses will in good time, and standard wanted by ear manuer, and the field of target output every mu 650 ± 50kg, base manure is used except every mu
Outside 40-50 kilogram of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8-10 kilogram of carbamide, 10-12 kilogram of potassium chloride, every mu of well-rotted farmyard manure 800-1000 to be executed
Kilogram, under within 10-12 days, executing after moving to after dressing time is on the basis of using sufficient base manure suitably for the first time transplant, execute carbamide for every mu
10-12 kilogram, ear manuer to execute 12-14 kilogram of carbamide, 13-15 kilogram of potassium chloride for every mu under the ear differentiation 2-3 phase executes；
(4) rice field water layer is controlled
(4.1) phase rice field water layer of turning green is transplanted
When transplanting rice transplanting, face, field no water layer, allows mud quickly fix shallow slotting rice shoot；Insert after rice shoot turn green the phase fill shallow water, the depth of water
2.5-3.5 centimetre；
(4.2) big field herbicidal period rice field water layer is spread fertilizer over the fields
Within after transplanting 4-7 days, pouring water and spread fertilizer over the fields herbicide, water irrigating depth does not reveal mud, lower with face, field eminence and does not flood seedlings of cereal crops lobus cardiacus and be as the criterion,
And water conservation 3-5 days；
(4.3) rice field in tillering stage water layer
Spread fertilizer over the fields and when topdressing for the first time, fill shallow water, after rich water fully lower infiltration field mud falls to doing naturally, in the way of filling " horse race water ",
Keep face, field to be in moisture state and there is no water layer, promote tiller, strong tiller and root mass growth；
(4.4) dew dry field
When Seedling number reaches the 78-82% of every mu of number of productive ear 18-20 ten thousand fringe, proceed by dew dry field, start one from dry field every time
Terminate when directly shining the 75-80% reaching maxmun field capacity to soil moisture content, after filling " horse race water ", again reveal dry field, so
Dew dry field 2-3 time repeatedly；
(4.5) ear manuer period rice field water layer is executed
Filling shallow water during ear differentiation 2-3 phase and execute ear manuer, water in field keeps face, field moistening after naturally falling to do；
(4.6) heading is to period of maturation rice field water layer
Heading flowering period fills back shallow water, keeps face, field to moisten by the way of filling " horse race water " later, until before results 4-6 days break
Water, makes face, field earth gradually harden, and convenient machinery enters rice field results；
(5) Seedling number is controlled
The purpose controlling Seedling number is intended to promote that effective tillering becomes fringe to contribute yield, controls do not have contributive ineffective tillering to send out yield
Raw, it is finally reached raising consitution and colony quality, first has to promote that super hybridization rice rice strain low position tiller early occurs, by using sufficient
Base manure, shallow rice transplanting and use control measures of topdressing for the first time in good time and realize；Next to that when field Seedling number reaches 18-20 ten thousand fringes/mu
78-82% time, 2-3 open field to be passed through and dry field realize control Seedling, controls the highest Seedling number at 30-33 ten thousand/mu, thirdly carries
High matured, makes double season super hybridization rice percentage of earbearing tiller reach 59-61%, by by the base manure in conventional fertilization technology and topdressing for the first time
Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for nitrogenous fertilizer total amount of application 70-80%, changes into the 58-62% only accounting for the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, makes amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer
The 38-42% second time fertilizer in ear differentiation period is used, and carries out postponing nitrogen, promotees tiller, protects tiller, strong tiller, controls Seedling number, improve
The percentage of earbearing tiller；
(6) prevention and control pest and disease damage
Prevention and control pest and disease damage mainly applies cultural control, Ecological Control, Biological control, the non-chemically prevention and controls of physics trapping, logical
Cross the technological means prevention and the generation of disease and pest control and harm used except spraying chemical pesticide in addition to, reach economical and effective and
Prevention and elimination of disease and pests the most safely, reduces Pesticide use and pollution, preserves the ecological environment, and improves yield, ensures agricultural product quality peace
Full purpose；
(6.1) cultural control
Select breeding: select disease and insect resistance breeding, be prevention and control super hybridization rice pest and disease damage the most direct, most economical, be also most effective
One of method, select the special excellent boat 1 of super hybridization rice breeding showing to have disease and insect resistance clear superiority in locality through experiment and demonstration
Or excellent No. 1 of Y two；
Cleaning production environment: salvage sclerotium, the rice field floated at the water surface when filling deep water and harrowing a field and turn over and fill deep water leaching and macerate to fall into oblivion
Go out the snout moth's larva pupa in rice stub, improve rice field irrigation and drainage system and prevent between disease field and strong field field string to fill；
Strengthen cultivation management: carry out seed disinfection and band medicine and transplant, begin sowing in good time, suitable thin planting, it is to avoid the long-term flood irrigation in rice field, keep away
Exempt from partially to execute and use nitrogenous fertilizer the latest；
(6.2) Ecological Control
Duck-raising enclosed paddy fields controls worm: in rice field, duck culturing carries out growing rice with ducks, and duck can prey on the snout moths larva in rice field, plant hopper, leafhopper, and energy
Control weeds occurrence injury, can be Paddy fields and stimulation paddy growth；According to deinsectization, weeding and field bait situation, every mu
Only put duck 12-15 in a suitable place to breed；
Protect and utilize natural enemy to control worm: to protect and utilize rice pest predation and insect parasite Rana nigromaculata, Aranea, trichogramma, prevention and control
Snout moths larva, planthopper, oryza chinensis, leafhopper occurrence injury；
(6.3) Biological control
Super hybridization rice pest and disease damage mainly has banded sclerotial blight, rice blast, planthopper and rice leaf roller, spray biological pesticide kasugarnycin,
Bacillus subtilis, tetramycin, shenqinmycin or Ningnanmycin, can prevent and treat rice sheath blight disease, rice blast, false smut disease；
Spray biological pesticide ethyl spinosad, emamectin-benzoate, beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis or Avermectin
Element, can prevent and treat rice leaf roller, yellow rice borer and planthopper insect pest；Described biological pesticide to use in strict accordance with description, and carries
Advocate alternately rotation and use various effective biological pesticides；
(6.4) physics trapping
A solar energy or frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the trapping lamp distance from bottom ground 1.4-1.6 of installation are installed in every 30-40 mu rice field
Rice, can trap and kill and have the yellow rice borer of phototactic characteristics, rice leaf roller and planthopper adult pest；
(7) prevention and control lodging
(7.1) breeding is selected
Select lodging resistance exsertile super hybridization rice kind Y two excellent No. 1, special excellent boat 1；
(7.2) science Guan Shui
Rice field is in addition to needing to fill shallow water to transplanting period of seedling establishment, heading flowering period and the pesticide of moisture sensitivity, fertilising, greatly
Field fertility is omnidistance keeps wetting irrigation for paddy field based on face, field no water layer, in order to avoid rice field keeps water layer to cause rice cane tissue soft for a long time
Loose, root mass dysplasia, take root shallow, easily lodge；
(7.3) accurate assurance ear manuer time of application
After stem Section 2 internode starting elongation, applying ear manuer, making rice basal part of stem first and second too early in order to avoid using because of ear manuer
Internode excessively extends, and is easily caused lodging；
(7.4) prevention and control pest and disease damage
Keypoint control rice sheath blight disease, planthopper pest and disease damage, in order to avoid these pest and disease damages cause rice strain cane to damage, be easily caused down
Volt；
(7.5) vertical rich effervescence tablet lodging-prevention is sprayed
Before jointing 7-9 days, every mu of use was found rich effervescence tablet 7-8 sheet and is watered 40-50 kilogram and sprays, and strengthens lodging tolerance, carries
High yield.
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| CN105230413B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-03-20 | 渠县农业科学研究所 | A kind of implantation methods of super hybridization rice |
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| CN105850623A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Rice cultivation method |
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| JP2558926B2 (en) * | 1990-05-22 | 1996-11-27 | 株式会社クボタ | Rice transplanter with fertilizer application |
| KR100495933B1 (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2005-06-16 | 장권일 | Rice having high quantity calcium and methods of cultivating the rice |
| CN101548635B (en) * | 2009-05-14 | 2012-09-19 | 临沂大源生物科技有限公司 | Rice cropping method |
| CN103444477B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-11-05 | 吴洁远 | Super rice strengthening and harm control cultivation method based on prevention and control of diseases, insects, lodging and pollution |
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