CN113016458A - Ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers - Google Patents
Ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological prevention and control of pests, and particularly discloses an ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers. The application of the invention can protect and regulate the biological diversity of a rice field system, provide alternative hosts, food and shelters for natural enemies, promote and protect the stable growth of natural enemy populations, and ecologically eliminate eggs, larvae and adults of the rice stem borers by the natural enemies of the rice stem borers, thereby changing the traditional method of preventing and controlling the rice stem borers by using a large amount of pesticide in the past. Chemical pesticide is not basically applied in the whole growth process of the rice, the pollution of the chemical pesticide to water and soil is reduced, the ecological environment is protected, the produced rice has no pesticide residue, safety and guarantee, is organic and green, has high quality and high price, and the aims of ecologically preventing and controlling rice stem borer and safely guaranteeing the quality of the rice are fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological prevention and control of pests, and particularly relates to an ecological prevention and control method of rice stem borers.
Background
Chiol suppersalis Walker is commonly called borer and borer, is one of important pests in rice production in China as well as rice-producing countries in the world, and is distributed at the northest China of N48 degrees 03 ', E125 degrees 53', N18 degrees 14 'and E109 degrees 30'. Chilo suppressalis mainly takes larvae as pests, the larvae mainly damage leaf sheaths and then enter stem parts to cause withered cores in seedling stage of rice, withered sheaths and withered cores are caused in tillering stage, withered booting ears or white ears are caused from booting stage to heading stage, and insect-damaged strains are caused from milk stage to mature stage. Chilo suppressalis can affect the growth of rice, and in severe cases, the rice is withered and lodged, so that a large amount of blighted grains are caused, and the yield and the quality of the rice are seriously affected. Due to the changes of farming system, environmental climate and agricultural operation, the effective overwintering sources of the chilo suppressalis are increased, the outbreak period is not obvious, the occurrence time is prolonged, the damage is aggravated, and the like, thereby bringing great difficulty to prevention and treatment. For a long time, the prevention and control of striped rice borers are mainly carried out by depending on chemical pesticides, the abuse and unreasonable use of pesticides lead to the year-by-year increase of the resistance of striped rice borers and the reduction of the number of natural enemies in recent years, and in addition, a considerable part of sprayed chemical pesticides are remained in underground water, soil and rice along with water flow, crop metabolism and other ways, thus seriously damaging the natural environment, influencing the food safety and causing serious threat to the health of human beings.
Many patent documents are published for the ecological prevention and control method of rice diseases and insect pests. For example: the invention discloses a patent application with the publication number of CN105981618A and the name of ' a safe cyclic prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of organic rice ', which applies agricultural prevention and control methods such as paddy-upland rotation, resistant rice seeds, ploughing and retting snout moth's larva, culturing strong seedlings and the like, stocking fries and frogs and utilizing sex attractant bionic as biological prevention and control methods, installing an insecticidal lamp and a yellow armyworm plate as physical prevention and control methods, and combining plant protection products such as copper sulfate, bacillus subtilis, Bordeaux mixture, Beauveria bassiana WG and matrine EC to carry out professional cyclic prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Although the invention better solves the problems of few means and poor effect in the prevention and control of diseases and pests of organic rice, the invention does not relate to the problem of ecological prevention and control of rice stem borers by planting functional plants around the paddy field ridges to provide alternative hosts, food and shelters for natural enemies and promote and protect the stable growth of natural enemy populations;
for another example: the invention discloses an invention patent application with the publication number of CN103444477B, entitled super rice body-building pest-control cultivation method based on pest, lodging and pollution prevention and control, which adopts the measures of harmless cultivation environment, reduction of source insect sources of pest occurrence, harmless treatment of seeds, timely sowing, strong seedling cultivation, reasonable close planting, field management and the like, and the invention better solves the problem of effective prevention and control of rice pests, but also does not relate to the problem of providing substitute hosts, food materials and shelters for natural enemies by planting functional plants around the ridge of a paddy field to be used for ecologically preventing and controlling the rice chilo suppressalis;
the following steps are repeated: the invention discloses a patent application with the publication number of CN105123353A and the name of 'a biological rice disease and pest control system design', which is characterized in that mature rice borer trichogramma raised by rice borer eggs is parasitic on the rice borer eggs, borer larvae are directly killed, trapping plants are planted around ridges to provide buffer hosts for the parasitic wasps and the borers, the winter fallow fields are ploughed to reduce the source base number of insects, and are transplanted after being blocked to mature by insect-proof nets, young ducks are taken to eat to avoid the damage of ampullaria gigas and the like, and the biological rice disease and pest control system is established. Although the invention relates to planting vetiver grass around ridges, the vetiver grass can trap overwintering stem borers onto the vetiver grass and lay eggs, the elimination of the overwintering stem borers and the eggs laid on the vetiver grass is finished by artificially releasing cultured rice borers trichogramma, the vetiver grass only serves as a stem borer trapping and transition carrier, and because the vetiver grass belongs to non-flowering gramineae, the vetiver grass can not provide food for natural enemies well, so that the stable growth of natural enemy populations is difficult to promote and protect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems that pesticide residues, environmental and water body pollution, food safety and human health are threatened due to the adoption of chemical pesticides for preventing and controlling pests in rice fields in the existing rice production, the ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers is provided. The main technical scheme of the ecological prevention and control method is as follows: and (3) planting honey-sourced functional plants with long flowering period in a large scale around the paddy field ridge, wherein the honey-sourced functional plants are selected from one or more of soybean, sesame and zinnia. The application of the invention can protect and adjust the biological diversity of the rice field system, provide alternative hosts, food and shelters for natural enemies, promote and protect the stable growth of natural enemy population, and can ecologically eliminate the eggs, larvae and adults of the rice stem borers by the natural enemies without manually releasing trichogramma to carry out ecological prevention and control, thereby completely changing the traditional method for preventing and controlling the chilo suppressalis by using a large amount of pesticide in the prior art. Chemical pesticide is not basically applied in the whole growth process of the rice, the pollution of the chemical pesticide to water and soil is reduced, the ecological environment is protected, the produced rice has no pesticide residue, safety and guarantee, is organic and green, has high quality and high price, and the aims of ecologically preventing and controlling rice stem borer and safely guaranteeing the quality of the rice are fulfilled.
The ecological prevention and control method can also be combined with various technical means of turning over the rice field at proper time and irrigating water to macerate and kill pupae to reduce the insect source base number, carrying out drug dressing or coating seed soaking on rice seeds, covering an insect prevention gauze during rice seedling raising, placing a trap containing a sex attractant in the rice field in the striped rice borer full moth stage and the like, so as to achieve a better effect of ecologically preventing and controlling the rice stem borers.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the purpose of the invention.
An ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers is characterized by planting honey-source functional plants with long flowering period in a large scale around rice field ridges. Because the flowering time of the honey-source functional plants with long flowering periods is consistent with the outbreak time of the rice chilo suppressalis, honey sources can be provided for the natural enemies of the chilo suppressalis, alternative hosts, food materials and shelters are provided for the natural enemies, the population of the natural enemies is effectively promoted to be stable and rapidly increased, and after the natural enemies have the number advantages, the effective guarantee is provided for the prevention and control of the outbreak of the chilo suppressalis of the rice in the similar area range. Meanwhile, the honey-source functional plants with long flowering period can also trap the chilo suppressalis to lay eggs on the honey-source functional plants, and are more easily eaten and killed by the chilo suppressalis natural enemies in short distance or even zero distance.
Further, the honey-source functional plant is selected from one or more of soybean, sesame and zinnia.
Firstly, because soybean, sesame or zinnia elegans plant's the flowering quantity is many and the duration of flowering is longer, through the seeding means of dividing into many batches in staggered time, still can artifical control and artificial extension flowering time, make the flowering phase extension can reach several months even, provide the continuous honey sources for chilo suppressalis natural enemy, provide alternative host, foodstuff and shelter for natural enemy, promoted the stability and the rapid growth of natural enemy population, ensured that chilo suppressalis natural enemy forms the scale in quantity, for the ecological worm ovum, larva and adult who eliminates rice stem borer, provide effective guarantee. Wherein: the zinnia elegans has the characteristics of large flower, more flowers and long flowering period, and can provide abundant honey-sourced food for natural enemies; the sesame has the characteristics of festival blooming and long flowering period, can provide abundant honey-source food for natural enemies, and the sesame leaves also have plush property, so that the natural enemies can stay; although soybeans have small flowers and short flowering periods and have limited effects of providing honey-derived food, soybeans have the characteristics of thick leaves and large leaves and can provide good shelters for natural enemies.
And secondly, because the soybean and sesame plants are economic crops with higher economic value, the zinnia japonica has higher ornamental value and medicinal value, the large amount of cultivation around the paddy field ridge can cultivate and gather a large amount of chilo suppressalis natural enemies, does not occupy the land, does not compete for fertilizer water with rice, has sufficient sunlight, good air permeability and high yield, belongs to a cross interplanting and three-dimensional planting mode, and can obviously increase the income of farmers.
Although there are many honey-derived functional plants, there are, in addition to soybean, sesame or zinnia, such as: the flowering time of the rape, the milk vetch and the like in early spring is earlier than the rice cultivation period and is far earlier than the explosion time of the rice-stem borer, and the flowering time is short, so that the effect of ecologically preventing and controlling the rice-stem borer by depending on natural enemies cannot be achieved; the following steps are repeated: some lianas or woody plants also belong to flowering plants and have long flowering periods, but the lianas or woody flowering plants are not suitable for being planted on rice ridges and have limited flowering quantity, so the honey-source functional plants for ecologically preventing and controlling rice stem borers are limited to soybean, sesame and zinnia.
Furthermore, several of the soybeans, the sesames or the zinnia elegans are interplanted at intervals by adopting two or three plants. The alternate interplanting can better provide rich honey sources with different time and different fragrance types for the chilo suppressalis natural enemies, and substitute hosts and refuge places with different characteristics, thereby meeting different preferences of the chilo suppressalis natural enemies and being more beneficial to the stable and rapid growth of the natural enemy population. The mode of interval interplanting adopts the same ridge to plant various plants at intervals, or plants of the same kind in the same ridge, and alternately plants of different ridges at intervals, so that the planting mode not only provides honey sources with different time and different fragrance types for the natural enemies of chilo suppressalis, but also is beneficial to management and harvesting of farmers.
Preferably, the two plants of sesame and zinnia are selected for intercropping, and the ecological rice-stem borer prevention and control effect is the best. This is because the flowering phase of sesame is relatively long, which is about one month, while that of zinnia is also long, which is about three or more months, through the staggered time-sharing multi-batch seeding means, the flowering time of the sesame and the zinnia can be manually controlled and prolonged, so that flowers bloom in spring, summer and autumn in full, and the whole growth breeding period of the rice stem borer is covered, the sesame can be arranged to bloom in the zinnia elegans first and then the zinnia elegans, and the sesame and the zinnia elegans can bloom at the same period, the flowering period of the two plants can be prolonged and overlapped to be more than six months, the flowering period can be effectively prolonged, moreover, the sesame and the zinnia elegans are interplanted at intervals, the honey sources with different fragrance types are enriched, different preferences of chilo suppressalis natural enemies are met, meanwhile, the method is more beneficial to providing alternative hosts, food and shelters for natural enemies, and is more beneficial to promoting the stable and rapid growth of Chilo suppressalis natural enemy populations.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method also comprises the steps of ploughing the rice field before eclosion of the chilo suppressalis imagoes and irrigating, soaking and retting; by utilizing the characteristic of poor resistance of chilo suppressalis in the pupal stage, before the emergence of the chilo suppressalis, the rice field is timely ploughed and irrigated for soaking for 5-7 days to submerge and kill the pupae in the rice stake, thereby reducing the basal number of the chilo suppressalis and reducing the harm. Meanwhile, the wave slag is salvaged and destroyed when the plow harrow is ploughed, so that diseases, pests and weeds such as sheath blight, sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the like are reduced. These measures can cultivate healthy plant and strengthen the stress resistance of rice.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method also comprises the step of coating the rice seeds with a seed coating agent; the seed coating agent is 25% of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and difenoconazole suspension seed coating agent. Preventing bakanae disease and rice blast in rice seedling bed and preventing rice planthopper and thrips in rice seedling bed by dressing seed with medicine or coating with seed coating agent.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method also comprises covering an insect prevention gauze during rice seedling raising. By covering the insect-proof gauze with 40-60 meshes, the rice planthopper and the borer can be effectively prevented from invading.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method also comprises the steps of placing a trap containing a sex attractant in the rice field in the moths-bearing period of the chilo suppressalis; the sex attractant is a striped rice borer sex pheromone lure core. In the period of the striped rice borers in each generation of the striped rice borers in full moth, 1 trap is placed in each mu of rice field, 1 striped rice borer sex pheromone lure core is arranged in each mu of rice field, the height of the trap is more than 10cm higher than that of a rice plant, and the lure core is replaced every 15-20 days.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method further comprises the following steps: when the Chilo suppressalis is serious, biological pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment; the biological pesticide is cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrosis virus.
Further, the ecological prevention and control method further comprises the following steps: the rice variety with resistance (tolerance) to chilo suppressalis is selected. The method controls the planting scale of the pest-susceptible variety by preferentially selecting the variety with resistance (tolerance) to chilo suppressalis, expands high-yield and high-quality good pest-resistant variety according to local conditions, optimizes the variety layout and alternately uses the resistance (tolerance) variety.
Has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, honey-source functional plants with long flowering phase such as soybean, sesame or zinnia are planted around the paddy field ridge, so that the biological diversity of the paddy field system is protected and adjusted, alternative hosts, food (nutrition) and shelters are provided for natural enemies, the stable growth of natural enemy population is promoted and protected, and then the adult scale chilo suppressalis natural enemy is used for ecologically eliminating the eggs, larvae and adults of the chilo suppressalis, so that the ecological prevention and control are carried out without depending on artificial release of trichogramma, the traditional method for preventing and controlling the chilo suppressalis by using a large amount of pesticides in the prior art is completely changed, and the purposes of ecologically preventing and controlling the chilo suppressalis and safely guaranteeing the rice quality are achieved.
(2) According to the method, the honey-source functional plants with long flowering phase, such as soybean, sesame or zinnia, are planted around the paddy field ridge, so that the land is saved, the land does not compete with rice for fertilizer water, the sunlight is sufficient, the air permeability is good, the yield is high, and the economic benefit can be obviously increased for farmers. The zinnia elegans can also dress up beautiful countryside and develop sightseeing agriculture.
(3) The ecological prevention and control method can also be combined with various technical means of turning over the rice field at proper time and irrigating water to soak and macerate pupae to reduce the insect source base number, dressing the rice seeds with drugs or coating and soaking the seeds, covering an insect-proof gauze during the rice seedling raising, placing a trap containing a sex attractant in the rice field in the striped rice borer full moth stage and the like, thereby achieving better ecological prevention and control effect on the rice stem borers.
(4) The method can ensure that no chemical pesticide is applied basically during the whole growth process of the rice, and the produced rice has no pesticide residue, safety and guarantee, is organic and green, has high quality and high price, and can obviously improve the economic benefit of grain farmers. Meanwhile, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced, water and soil pollution sources are reduced, the ecological environment is effectively protected, and social benefits and ecological benefits are remarkable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified. The starting materials are commercially available from the open literature unless otherwise specified.
To compare the effectiveness of the effect of the present invention, the present inventors selected seven grain farmers in Guangfu town of Nanchang county, who breed grains of A, B, C, D, E, F and G, and conducted the following field comparison tests of examples 1-6 of the present invention with the control example. The early rice varieties in the seven early rice planting areas are the same, the rice planting time is similar, and the rice harvesting time is similar.
Example 1:
the embodiment is arranged in a farmer first early rice field, and the early rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 21 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 25 days. The ecological prevention and control method for chilo suppressalis in the region is characterized in that sesame seeds are planted around the paddy field ridge. Wherein, the sesame seeds are dibbled in three batches in 3-month 30 days, 4-month 30 days and 5-month 30 days, the initial flowering period of the sesame seeds is 4-month 30 days, the terminal flowering period of the sesame seeds is 7-month 30 days, the three batches of sesame flowering periods are highly overlapped with the growth cycle of early season rice in the region, and the flowering period is as long as 90 days. The sesame is planted around the paddy field ridge in a large scale, so that a substitute host is provided for the rice stem borer, a long-time foodstuff and shelter are provided for the natural enemies of the rice stem borer, the stable growth of the natural enemies is promoted, and the large-scale population quantity of the natural enemies of the rice stem borer is provided for ecologically killing eggs, larvae and adults of the rice stem borer. The harvested sesame also effectively increases the economic income for farmers.
Example 2:
the embodiment is arranged in the second early rice field of farmers, and the early rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 20 days; the harvesting time of the rice is 7 months and 24 days. The ecological prevention and control method for chilo suppressalis in the region is characterized in that soybeans are planted around the paddy field ridge. Wherein, the soybeans are dibbled in two batches in 3 months and 30 days and in 4 months and 30 days, the initial flowering period of the soybeans is 5 months and 10 days, the final flowering period of the soybeans is 6 months and 30 days, and the flowering period is 50 days. The soybeans are planted around the paddy field ridge in a large scale, can also provide a substitute host for the rice stem borers, food and shelter for natural enemies of the rice stem borers, and can also provide a population quantity of the natural enemies of the rice stem borers with a certain scale for ecologically eliminating eggs, larvae and adults of the rice stem borers. The soybean can also effectively increase the economic income for farmers after being harvested.
Example 3:
the embodiment is arranged in the third-generation early rice field of farmers, and the early rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 22 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 26 days. The ecological prevention and control method for chilo suppressalis in the region is characterized in that the zinnia is completely planted around the paddy field ridge. Wherein, the zinnia is dibbled in 30 days of 4 months, the initial flowering period of the zinnia is 6 months and 15 days, the final flowering period of the zinnia is 10 months and 5 days, and the flowering period is as long as 110 days. The zinnia elegans is planted around the paddy field ridge in a large scale, can also provide a substitute host for the rice stem borers, provide abundant food and shelter for natural enemies of the rice stem borers, and provide a large-scale population quantity of the natural enemies of the rice stem borers for ecologically killing eggs, larvae and adults of the rice stem borers. The white zinnia has various colors such as deep red, rose, violet, white and the like, flowers are large and bright, flowers bloom early, the flowering period is long, the plant type is attractive, the ornamental value is high, and the white zinnia is a preferred ornamental flower for decorating beautiful countryside, developing sightseeing agriculture and implementing countryside joy. The zinnia elegans can also be used as a medicine, the whole plant can be used for treating fever, stomatitis and toothache caused by wind-fire, the demand for the zinnia elegans seeds is large and high along with the vigorous implementation of the country happy plan, and the economic income of farmers can be effectively increased after the zinnia elegans or the zinnia elegans seeds are harvested.
Example 4:
the embodiment is arranged in a farmer Dingzao rice field, and the early rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 20 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 25 days. The ecological prevention and control method for chilo suppressalis in the region is characterized in that sesame and zinnia are planted around the paddy field ridge at intervals. In the mode of interval interplanting, the same plants are planted in the same ridge, different plants are alternately and alternately planted on different ridges, namely, sesame is planted on the first ridge, zinnia is planted on the second ridge, sesame is planted on the third ridge, and zinnia is planted on the fourth ridge … …. Wherein, the sesame seeds are dibbled in three batches, the time is 3 months and 30 days, 4 months and 30 days, 5 months and 30 days, the initial flowering period of the sesame seeds is 4 months and 30 days, and the final flowering period of the sesame seeds is 7 months and 30 days; the zinnia elegans is not sown in batches for 30 days at 4 months, 15 days at the initial flowering period of the zinnia elegans and 5 days at the end flowering period of the zinnia elegans, except for the ecological rice stem borer, the zinnia elegans can dress up beautiful villages and develop sightseeing agriculture, and the sesame and the zinnia elegans can also effectively increase the economic income for farmers after being harvested.
Example 5:
the embodiment is arranged in a farmer early-maturing rice field, and the early-maturing rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 21 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 26 days. The ecological prevention and control method for chilo suppressalis in the region is characterized in that soybeans and zinnia bortifera are planted around the paddy field ridge at intervals. In the mode of interval interplanting, the same plants are planted in the same ridge, different plants are alternately and alternately planted on different ridges, namely, sesame is planted on the first ridge, zinnia is planted on the second ridge, sesame is planted on the third ridge, and zinnia is planted on the fourth ridge … …. Wherein, the soybean is dibbled in two batches, the time is 3 months and 30 days, and the time is 4 months and 30 days, the soybean is dibbled in two batches, the initial flowering period of the soybean is 5 months and 10 days, the final flowering period of the soybean is 6 months and 30 days, and the flowering period is 50 days; the zinnia elegans is seeded for 4 months and 30 days, the initial flowering period of the zinnia elegans is 6 months and 15 days, the final flowering period of the zinnia elegans is 10 months and 5 days, besides the ecological rice-stem borer prevention and control, the zinnia elegans can decorate beautiful villages and develop sightseeing agriculture, and the soybean and the zinnia elegans can also effectively increase the economic income for farmers after being harvested.
Example 6:
the embodiment is arranged in the field of the early rice of farmers, and the early rice variety is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 20 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 25 days. The chilo suppressalis ecological prevention and control method in the region comprises the step of planting sesame and zinnia at intervals around the paddy field ridge. In the mode of interval interplanting, the same plants are planted in the same ridge, different plants are alternately and alternately planted on different ridges, namely, sesame is planted on the first ridge, zinnia is planted on the second ridge, sesame is planted on the third ridge, and zinnia is planted on the fourth ridge … …. Wherein, the sesame seeds are dibbled in three batches, the time is 3 months and 30 days, 4 months and 30 days, 5 months and 30 days, the initial flowering period of the sesame seeds is 4 months and 30 days, and the final flowering period of the sesame seeds is 7 months and 30 days; the zinnia elegans is not sown in batches, the time is 4 months and 30 days, the initial flowering period of the zinnia elegans is 6 months and 15 days, and the final flowering period of the zinnia elegans is 10 months and 5 days.
The chilo suppressalis ecological prevention and control method in the district further comprises the following steps: in the striped rice borer moth-holding period, traps containing sex attractants are placed in a rice field, 1 trap is placed in each mu of the rice field, 1 striped rice borer sex pheromone attracting core is arranged in each mu of the rice field, the height of the traps is 15cm higher than that of rice plants, and the attracting cores are replaced once every 20 days. Besides ecological prevention and control of rice-stem borers, the zinnia japonica can decorate beautiful countryside and develop sightseeing agriculture, and the soybean and the zinnia japonica can effectively increase the economic income for farmers after being harvested.
Comparative example:
the comparison example is arranged in the Higherza rice field of farmers, and the variety of the early rice is hybrid rice Fengliangyou No. 1; transplanting the rice in 4 months and 21 days; the rice harvesting time is 7 months and 25 days. The periphery of the paddy field ridge in the area is free, and no honey-sourced functional plants are planted.
And (3) comparing prevention and control data statistics with effects:
from the above statistical data:
(1) the best ecological prevention and control effect is the embodiment 6, namely, sesame and zinnia bortifolia are planted around the ridge in a crossed manner, and a field area with a trap containing a sex attractant is placed in the rice field; the next step is example 4, namely a field region where sesame and zinnia are planted in a crossed manner around the ridge. The sesame and the zinnia dentata are planted in the Hemian region and the Digitalis region, and the sesame and the zinnia dentata are interplanted at intervals, so that honey sources with different fragrance types and sheltered places with different properties are enriched, different preferences of natural enemies of the chilo suppressalis are met, the flowering period can be effectively prolonged by more than five months, and the population of the natural enemies of the chilo suppressalis is more stable and rapidly increased.
(2) The ecological prevention and control effects of the three plants of examples 1, 2 and 3, in which honey-sourced functional plants are planted around the ridge, are compared: the ecological prevention and control effects in the grouting period and the yellow ripe period are better in example 1 (Jiatian region-sesame), next in example 3 (third farmland region-zinnia), and worse in example 2 (second farmland region-soybean). This is due to: the first field area-sesame is dibbled in three batches, the flowering phase is as long as 90 days, and the flowering phase is highly overlapped with the growth cycle of the early rice in the field area, so the ecological prevention and control rice stem borer in the first field area has the best effect among the three in the tillering phase, the round stem pulling phase, the grouting phase and the yellow maturing phase; the flowering period of the third-field area-the zinnia japonica is about 6 months 15 days to 10 months 5 days, although the zinnia japonica flowers are large and many and the flowering period is as long as 110 days, the flowering period is delayed by one month relative to sesame, and the full-bloom period partially staggers the outbreak period of the early rice stem borer, so the prevention and control effects in the tillering period and the round stem pulling period are not as good as those in the first-field area and the second-field area, but the prevention and control effects in the grouting period and the yellow maturing period are not as good as those in the first-field area where the sesame is planted around the ridge but better than those in the second-field area where the soybean is planted around the ridge; the soybeans in the second field are dibbled in two batches, the initial flowering phase is 5 months and 10 days, the final flowering phase of the soybeans is 6 months and 30 days, and the flowering phase is 50 days, although the soybeans have the characteristics of thick leaves and large leaves, a good shelter place can be provided for natural enemies, the soybeans are small in flower and short in flowering phase, the effect of providing honey source food is limited, and the stable growth of natural enemy populations is difficult to promote and protect due to the fact that the soybeans are planted singly, so that the effect of ecologically preventing and controlling rice-stem borers is poor, the effect of sesame in the field A is not as good as that in the field C and the field C is not as good as that of zinnia in the field C.
(3) The ecological prevention and control effects of the two examples 4 and 5, in which two honey-planted functional plants were interplanted at intervals around the ridge, were compared: the ecological prevention and control effect is better in example 4 (the field of the Digita is a field of planting sesame and the flos pertussis in a crossed manner), and in the following example 5 (the field of the Digita is a field of planting soybean and the flos pertussis in a crossed manner). This is due to: although the two experimental field areas are both planted with the zinnia elegans in a crossed manner, the field areas are planted with the sesames and the zinnia elegans in a crossed manner, the two plants of the sesames and the zinnia elegans are interplanted at intervals, so that honey sources with different fragrance types and sheltered places with different properties are enriched, different preferences of chilo suppressalis natural enemies are met, the flowering phase can be effectively prolonged, the flowering phase of the two plants can be overlapped for more than five months, and the stable and rapid growth of chilo suppressalis natural enemy populations is facilitated, so that the ecological prevention and control of the rice stem borers has the best effect in the two plants, and the ecological prevention and control method is also the most preferable embodiment except; the soybean and the zinnia dentata are planted in the penta-field area in a crossed manner, because the flowers of the soybean are also very small and the flowering phase is also short, the function of providing honey-source food is limited, the stable growth of natural enemy populations is difficult to promote and protect, and the zinnia dentata flowers are large and many, but the flowering phase of the zinnia dentata is pushed back by one month compared with the sesame, and the full-bloom phase of the zinnia dentata is partially staggered with the outbreak phase of the early rice stem borer, so that the ecological prevention and control of the rice stem borer of the soybean and the zinnia dentata planted in the local field area in a crossed manner is far less than the effect of a buta field area (where the.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent alterations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers is characterized in that: planting honey-sourced functional plants with long flowering period in a large scale around the paddy field ridge.
2. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the honey-source functional plant is selected from one or more of soybean, sesame and zinnia.
3. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 2, characterized in that: and several of the soybeans, the sesames or the zinnia elegans are interplanted at intervals by adopting two or three plants.
4. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the interval interplanting is carried out by selecting two plants of sesame and zinnia for interval interplanting.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising plowing the rice field before emergence of the adult chilo suppressalis and irrigating the rice field for retting.
6. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 1, further comprising coating rice seeds with a seed coating agent; the seed coating agent is 25% of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and difenoconazole suspension seed coating agent.
7. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 1, further comprising covering the rice seedlings with an insect-proof gauze.
8. The ecological method for controlling rice stem borers according to claim 1, further comprising the step of placing a trap containing a sex attractant in the rice field during the rice stem borer fall moth stage.
9. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the sex attractant is a striped rice borer sex pheromone lure core.
10. The ecological prevention and control method for rice stem borers according to claim 1, further comprising: when the Chilo suppressalis is serious, biological pesticide is selected for prevention and treatment; the biological pesticide is cotton bollworm nucleopolyhedrosis virus.
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