CN107333599A - A kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method - Google Patents
A kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107333599A CN107333599A CN201710727235.4A CN201710727235A CN107333599A CN 107333599 A CN107333599 A CN 107333599A CN 201710727235 A CN201710727235 A CN 201710727235A CN 107333599 A CN107333599 A CN 107333599A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, it is characterised in that including：1) identification of Resources of Tea Plant resistant material and the selection of resistance improved seeds；2) protect and make full use of pest natural enemy resource；3) insect physical control；4) integrated pest control in agriculture；5) strengthen tea plant pest research, rationally apply agricultural chemicals.Tea plant pest green prevention and control method provided by the invention, the excellent tea tree breed of seed selection resistance, quality, biological control and rational physical control, integrated pest control in agriculture are realized by pest natural enemy resource, the insect that tea growth process can effectively be reduced threatens, reduce chemical pesticide usage amount, tea plant pest green prevention and control is realized, improves the quality safety and economic benefit of tealeaves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tea plant pest Prevention Technique field, is specifically related to a kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method.
Background technology
Yunnan is that China mainly produces one of Cha great provinces, each more than 600 ten thousand mu of tea place area, is the first in the nation, as state
The important Tea Production base of family.Yunnan is the centre of origin of world tea tree, and plant tea is with a long history, has and is best suitable for tea tree life
Long ecological condition.Expansion and contiguous plant with tea tree area, the insect pest for endangering tea tree has risen to 326 kinds, due to worm
Evil species increases, population change and progress, and the extent of injury aggravates, and causes preventing and treating problem more prominent.
Yunnan Tea area is mainly distributed on 1000 meters -2000 meters of the southern regions of the Yunnan Province South-West Yunnan and South-east of Yunnan height above sea level on the south 25 degree of north latitude
The hilly and mountainous land of left and right, form the southern regions of the Yunnan Province large leaf tea area；Tea area is then adjoined in the north with Sichuan, Guizhou, is mostly leaflet plant tea
Area, or big leaflet kind miscegenation tea area.Due to the difference of geography, weather, tea tree breed and cultivation condition, tea plant pest result in
Species survey and situation certain difference be present.Yunnan tea place pest species are various, investigated according to Luo Hengwen, tea plant pest has
296 kinds, wherein most is insect, 285 kinds altogether, and remaining minority is evil mite and bandicoot.With Lepidoptera moth class in insect assembly
It is more with a red-spotted lizard class of Homoptera.At home other Chan Cha areas often send out, specialization species, such as false eye leafhopper, in Yunnan Tea
Generally there is generation in area.In tea area inside the province, majority blazoning property pest species, the southern regions of the Yunnan Province, South-West Yunnan large leaf tea area occur compared with
More, harm is serious, species such as Scirothrips dorsalis, coffee unguiculus mite etc. especially with provincialism feature, occurrence injury than with
The northern regions of the Yunnan Province Bu Cha areas that Guizhou, Sichuan are adjoined will weigh：, in these insects, occur universal, that once caused disaster has the small greenery of artificial eye
The classes such as cicada, coffee unguiculus mite, Scirothrips dorsalis, the black fine and soft poison moth of tea, Euproctis pseudoconspersa.
The major influence factors for causing insect to cause disaster include：The expansion of Tea planting area, unification plantation, reclaims wasteland and ruins
Woods, tea tree unification plantation, bio-diversity decline, and the ecological balance goes to pot, and the ability of regulation and control of Tea Garden Ecosystem weakens,
Tea place is reduced beneficial to natural enemy, and the harm that consequently leads to insect is caused disaster.The change of tea place cultivation management measure, as tealeaves is planted
The change of training management pattern, in plantation from group planting to hedge planting, thus tea place is provided for insect from sporadicly rapid-result to dense planting
Suitable environmental condition and nutritional condition, and increase difficulty of prevention and cure；To improve the inclined nitrogen fertilizer application of tea yield, bud-leaf is promoted
Growth, but encouraged the harm of such as false eye leafhopper, mite class insect；Breeding widelys popularize plantation, is greatly improved
The yield and quality of tealeaves, but because breeding bud-leaf is stout and strong, nutrient content is high, inhales juice, the tender property pest species of becoming more come
The more, harm is also bigger, as the insects such as false eye leafhopper have turned into Yunnan Province the southern regions of the Yunnan Province, South-West Yunnan tea area is endangered causing disaster
Primary pest；The unreasonable use of agricultural chemicals, why insect can cause disaster in tea place occurrence injury, except good growing weather condition
Outside living space, the human factor that can not most ignore is unreasonable and unscientific Pesticide use, and the use of agricultural chemicals serves
Evil of going out protects the effect received, but has also killed natural enemy, promotes the differentiation of pest population and harm to aggravate and cause Pesticides in Tea
Medicine residual is excessive, influences quality and safety of tea.
The content of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, there is provided a kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, seed selection resistance
By force, the excellent tea tree breed of quality, biological control and rational physical control, agricultural synthesis are realized by pest natural enemy resource
Preventing and treating, the insect that can effectively reduce tea growth process threaten, and reduce chemical pesticide usage amount, realize that tea plant pest green is anti-
Control, improves the quality safety of tealeaves and high economic benefit.
To achieve the above object, the effect above is reached, the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) identification of Resources of Tea Plant resistant material and the selection of resistance improved seeds
Resistance Identification by the Resources of Tea Plant to rich brown to false eye leafhopper, resource material are small to artificial eye green
The resistance mechanism of leafhopper is analyzed, and the excellent tea tree breed of screening resistance, quality carries out seed selection, plantation；
2) protect and make full use of pest natural enemy resource
Abundant nature enemy in amount has been bred in tea area, insect predator, Araneae natural enemy, fungi, bacterium for tea area,
The insect pathogenic microorganism such as virus is protected, while suitably launches insect predator, Araneae natural enemy for tea area situation,
These abundant natural enemy dominant populations have good natural ecological control to insect pest；
3) insect physical control
The physical control of tea plant pest mainly includes：Installation solar insect-killing light insect-killing trapping, slotting Yellow sticky trap of hanging lure
Murder worm, hanging gyplure insect-killing trapping；
4) integrated pest control in agriculture
For the biological habit and pests occurrence rule of tea plant pest, it is controlled with reference to tea place cultivation management, in the winter time may be used
With reference to tea place farming, trimming, clear garden, overwintering control is carried out using lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture Deng Feng gardens, is come so as to reduce
Year insect insect population；Point harvesting is repeatedly carried out in batches and can reduce to infect place, reduce insect density, mitigate harm, it is such as false
The spawning of eye smaller green leaf hopper and nutrition place, increase control dynamics；Appropriate sparse branching, increase the ventilative thang-kng in tea place, can subtract
The harm of light insect；
5) strengthen tea plant pest research, rationally apply agricultural chemicals
With a varied topography because tea area is widely distributed, different actual conditions occur for insect pest, are endangered according to various regions insect
Harmful species, hazard conditions, main controlling object is specified, grasp its pests occurrence rule, shot the arrow at the target, Efforts To Develop prediction
Work, reasonable employment agricultural chemicals.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Tea plant pest green prevention and control method provided by the invention, seed selection resistance, quality
Excellent tea tree breed, biological control and rational physical control, integrated pest control in agriculture, energy are realized by pest natural enemy resource
The insect pest for effectively reducing tea growth process threatens, and reduces chemical pesticide usage amount, realizes tea plant pest green prevention and control, improves
The quality safety of tealeaves and high economic benefit.
Embodiment
With reference to specific examples below, the present invention is described in further detail, and of the invention protects content not limit to
In following examples.Under the spirit and scope without departing substantially from inventive concept, those skilled in the art it is conceivable that change and excellent
Point is all included in the present invention, and using appended claims as protection domain.Implement the present invention process, condition,
Reagent, experimental method etc., it is the universal knowledege and common knowledge of this area in addition to the following content specially referred to, this
Content is not particularly limited in invention.
A kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) identification of Resources of Tea Plant resistant material and the selection of resistance improved seeds
Resistance Identification by the Resources of Tea Plant to rich brown to false eye leafhopper, resource material are small to artificial eye green
The resistance mechanism of leafhopper is analyzed, and the excellent tea tree breed of screening resistance, quality carries out seed selection, plantation；
2) protect and make full use of insect pest nature enemy in amount
Abundant nature enemy in amount has been bred in tea area, insect predator, Araneae natural enemy, fungi, bacterium for tea area,
The insect pathogenic microorganism such as virus is protected, while suitably launches insect predator, Araneae natural enemy for tea area situation,
These abundant natural enemy dominant populations have good natural ecological control to insect pest；
3) insect physical control
The physical control of tea plant pest mainly includes：Installation solar insect-killing light insect-killing trapping, slotting Yellow sticky trap of hanging lure
Murder worm, hanging gyplure insect-killing trapping, insect suction machine and catch and kill insect.
4) integrated pest control in agriculture
For the biological habit and pests occurrence rule of tea plant pest, it is controlled with reference to tea place cultivation management, in the winter time may be used
With reference to tea place farming, trimming, clear garden, overwintering control is carried out using lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture Deng Feng gardens, is come so as to reduce
Year insect insect population；Repeatedly plucked in batches, place is infected in reduction, controls population density, mitigates harm.As artificial eye is small
The spawning of greenery cicada and nutrition place, increase control dynamics；Appropriate sparse branching, increase the ventilative thang-kng in tea place, evil can be mitigated
The harm of worm；
5) strengthen tea plant pest research, rationally apply agricultural chemicals
With a varied topography because tea area is widely distributed, different actual conditions occur for insect, are endangered according to various regions insect
Harmful species, hazard conditions, main controlling object is specified, grasp its pests occurrence rule, shot the arrow at the target, Efforts To Develop prediction
Work, reasonable employment agricultural chemicals.
Embodiment
A kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) identification of Resources of Tea Plant resistant material and the selection of resistance improved seeds
Resistance Identification by the Resources of Tea Plant to rich brown to false eye leafhopper, resource material are small to artificial eye green
The resistance mechanism of leafhopper is analyzed：
The Resistance Identification method of false eye leafhopper includes：
Population density is investigated：In false eye leafhopper occurrence in peak period, every part of material 100 of investigation is opened two leaves and a bud, recorded
Adult, nymph quantity, investigation in every 7 days once, continuous observation 5-6 times, obtain average blinds borer population amount；
Natural spawning is selectively tested：In the worm occurrence in peak period, every part of material tender shoots tip of clip is some, after arrangement
Indoor water planting in wide-mouth bottle is inserted, 5 every bottle, 5 repetitions are set, if the borer population hatched daily on the investigation bud tip, and if will
Worm is put to death, until hatching finishes, is obtained averagely per tip borer population；
The experiment of worm oviposition selectivity is inscribed in cage：Every part of material of clip has the branch of tender shoots some, and wide-mouth is inserted after arrangement
Bottle water planting, is placed in insect cage by 5 every bottle, then the adult of seizure is uniformly released in cage, and the worm amount of release is with every tip
Average 2 are advisable, and are allowed to take out water planting branch after laying eggs 3 days, continuation water planting disposed within after cleared adult, daily observation is incubated
If dissolving borer population and putting to death nymph, until hatching finishes, to obtain averagely per tip borer population, every part of material sets 4 repetitions, and
Setting does not connect worm as control.
By interpretation of result, filter out the excellent tea tree breed progress seed selection of resistance, quality, plantation；
Newly planted tea field notices that nursery stock is examined, and carries out tea place nursery stock inspection according to national standard, selects nontoxic nursery stock, prevent
Worm sources.
2) protect and make full use of insect pest nature enemy in amount
Abundant nature enemy in amount, Luo Hengwen etc. is bred and just the tea tree in Yunnan has been done harm to during six or five in Yunnan Tea area
Worm nature enemy in amount is investigated, it was found that including 384 kinds of insect predator, Araneae natural enemy, fungi, bacterium, virus
Deng 22 kinds of insect pathogenic microorganism, such as cocoon honeybee parasitic on Chalcid parasites in a red-spotted lizard class, Euproctis pseudoconspersa, predation coffee unguiculus mite, mite is eaten
Ladybug (Stethorusp), the dumpling made of glutinous rice flour entomophthora colonized on false eye leafhopper.
Abundant nature enemy in amount has been bred in tea area, insect predator, Araneae natural enemy, fungi, bacterium for tea area,
The insect pathogenic microorganism such as virus is protected, while suitably launches insect predator, Araneae natural enemy for tea area situation,
These abundant natural enemy dominant populations have good natural ecological control to insect pest；Between make sweet osmanthus or plantation shade tree or screening
The moon tree etc., autumn and winter stores up weeds on tea place side, provides to survive the winter for Araneae, tassel chalcid fly class and protects place, plays nature day
Oppose pest controlling ability.It is in good time artificial to discharge Predatory Mites, every mu of 20-25 bag when mean univalent functions mite amount is less than 2 to tealeaves mite.
To tea aphid in the case of yellow card's trap, if having aphid tip rate up to more than 5%, the natural enemy such as releasable ladybug, aphid parasite is controlled
In early April-early June, the tea place dispenser insect predator in more than 4 years tea tree age of selection, Araneae natural enemy,
Before dispenser, clear garden is carried out using mineral sources or botanical pesticide and sterilizes deinsectization；
3) insect physical control
The physical control of tea plant pest mainly includes：
Solar insect-killing light insect-killing trapping is installed：
Since early April, every 15000 ㎡ installs 1 solar insect-killing light until late October in tea place；
Insert and hang Yellow sticky trap insect-killing trapping：
Since early April, every 15 ㎡ hangs 1 Yellow sticky trap until by the end of November in tea place；
Hang gyplure insect-killing trapping：
Since May, every 55 ㎡ hangs 1 individual character and lures bottle until September, built-in gyplure in tea place；
4) integrated pest control in agriculture
For the biological habit and pests occurrence rule of tea plant pest, it is controlled with reference to tea place cultivation management.
Soil management works：(1) weeding is ploughed deeply, ploughing deeply should typically be carried out in annual first arrival in October the first tenday period of a month in November, depth 20
Cm, it is too deep easily to hinder root system, influence the normal growth of tea tree.Combined during deep ploughing and root out weeds, be buried in the earth；(2) deep placement
Organic fertilizer, 10~November are tea root Pubertal peaks, therefore the time of basal dressing mostly occurs in October~11
Month, it is no more than at the latest by the end of November；(3) tea place is earthed up；
Trim work in tea place：(1) light pruning, to having gone into operation, tea place will carry out a light pruning every year, it is therefore an objective to control tree
High and culture tree crown picking surface, typically cuts off 3~5 centimetres of crown surface, reaches tree crown surfacing, tea tree is highly controlled
50 cms；(2) edge pruning, edge pruning is also carried out to having sealed tea place of the row formation without ventilating duct in the ranks, wipes out row
Between intersect branch, keep tea place 20~30 centimetres of neat ventilating duct and operation in the ranks in the ranks, this agronomic measures is also very
Be advantageous to prevent tea plant pest；(3) deep trimming, for having more thin and delicate branch, chicken feet branch, the tea place that yield is begun to decline, Ying Jin
It the deep trimming of row, can will be wiped out beyond the branch of 10~15 centimetres of crown surface, and whole chicken feet skills are cut, so that next year is sent out
Bud is sturdy neat；
The envelope that sprays garden：After autumn tea has been adopted, an agricultural chemicals can be sprayed in early October and prevented and treated, then to 10 below the moon
When ten days to early November, the stone of formula Bordeaux mixture or 0.3~0.5 Baume degrees is measured with 0.7% lime half to whole tea place
Sulphur mixture is prevented and treated, during spray by above and below tea clump, it is inside and outside, the face of blade back side is all sprayed onto, the weeds on ground and it is fluffy in
Branch also to spray and, to improve prevention effect, the work of envelope garden will terminate by the end of November；
The rational application of fertilizer：Applying organic manure and phosphorus potash fertilizer, culture fertility, strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improve resistance.With reference to trimming and deeply
Groove applies fertilizer, and improves root growth as early as possible.The spring tea collecting period, the wide 40cm of deep 50cm bar ditch are dug along under tree crown edge-perpendicular, by every
1000 kilograms of organic fertilizers of mu, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizer.Chemical fertilizer after first organic, then cover.
5) strengthen tea plant pest research, rationally apply agricultural chemicals
With a varied topography because Yunnan Tea area is widely distributed, different actual conditions occur for pest and disease damage, and everybody has appreciated that
" seeing that worm is got rid of intestinal parasites by means of drugs, see that disease beats disease ", blindly using agricultural chemicals the drawbacks of：The enhancing of pest resistance to insecticide, natural enemy is largely killed, pollute ring
Border, the heavy damage ecological balance in tea place.
With a varied topography because tea area is widely distributed, different actual conditions occur for insect, are endangered according to various regions insect
Harmful species, hazard conditions, main controlling object is specified, grasp its pests occurrence rule, shot the arrow at the target, Efforts To Develop prediction
Work, reasonable employment agricultural chemicals.
In Cha Qu, by the further investigation of the pests occurrence rule to false eye leafhopper, prediction work is carried out, has closed
Medication is managed, effectively controls the occurrence injury of false eye leafhopper.
Tea plant pest green prevention and control method provided by the invention, the excellent tea tree breed of seed selection resistance, quality, pass through evil
Worm nature enemy in amount realizes biological control and rational physical control, integrated pest control in agriculture, can effectively reduce tea growth process
Insect threaten, reduce chemical pesticide usage amount, realize tea plant pest green prevention and control, improve the quality safety and height of tealeaves
Economic benefit.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are enable to realize or using the present invention.
A variety of modifications to these embodiments will be apparent for those skilled in the art, defined herein
General Principle can realize in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, originally
Invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to special with principles disclosed herein and novelty
The consistent most wide scope of point.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of tea plant pest green prevention and control method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) identification of Resources of Tea Plant resistant material and the selection of resistance improved seeds
Resistance Identification by the Resources of Tea Plant to rich brown to false eye leafhopper, resource material is to false eye leafhopper
Resistance mechanism is analyzed, and the excellent tea tree breed of screening resistance, quality carries out seed selection, plantation；
2) protect and make full use of insect pest nature enemy in amount
Abundant nature enemy in amount, insect predator, Araneae natural enemy, fungi, bacterium, virus for tea area etc. is bred in tea area
Insect pathogenic microorganism is protected, while suitably launches insect predator, Araneae natural enemy for tea area situation, and these are abundant
Natural enemy dominant population there is good natural ecological control to insect；
3) insect physical control
The physical control of tea plant pest mainly includes：Solar insect-killing light insect-killing trapping is installed, inserts and hangs Yellow sticky trap trapping evil
Worm, hanging gyplure insect-killing trapping；Insect suction machine catches and kills insect；
4) integrated pest control in agriculture
For the biological habit and pests occurrence rule of tea plant pest, it is controlled with reference to tea place cultivation management, can combines in the winter time
Tea place farming, trimming, clear garden, overwintering control is carried out using lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture Deng Feng gardens, so as to reduce coming year insect
Insect population；Harvesting is repeatedly carried out in batches can reduce to infect place, reduce insect density, mitigate harm, such as the small greenery of artificial eye
The spawning of cicada and nutrition place, increase control dynamics；Appropriate sparse branching, increase the ventilative thang-kng in tea place, the danger of insect can be mitigated
Evil；
5) strengthen tea plant pest research, rationally apply agricultural chemicals
With a varied topography because tea area is widely distributed, different actual conditions occur for insect, according to the kind of various regions insect occurrence injury
Class, hazard conditions, main controlling object is specified, grasp its pests occurrence rule, shot the arrow at the target, the work of Efforts To Develop prediction, closed
Reason uses agricultural chemicals.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107821051A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-23 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea place false eye leafhopper habitat preventing control method |
| CN107969266A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 贵州琦福苑茶业有限公司 | A kind of tealeaves pest control method |
| CN108739035A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-06 | 孝昌县凤凰茶叶有限责任公司 | Improve Tea planting survival rate method |
| CN109041973A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-21 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of preventing control method suitable for preventing and treating tea tree tea lace bug |
| CN109362456A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-22 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of tea place winter management |
| CN110915505A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院 | Environment-friendly prevention and control method for Tibet tea tree pests |
| CN111279953A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 信阳农林学院 | Prevention and control method for persimmon broad-wing wax cicadas of tea trees |
| CN114747447A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-15 | 山东省花生研究所 | Application of peanut and corn intercropping in biological control of lesser leafhopper |
-
2017
- 2017-08-23 CN CN201710727235.4A patent/CN107333599A/en active Pending
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| 向占群等: "茶树虫害绿色防控技术", 《植物医生》 * |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107969266A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 贵州琦福苑茶业有限公司 | A kind of tealeaves pest control method |
| CN107821051A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-03-23 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of tea place false eye leafhopper habitat preventing control method |
| CN109041973A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-21 | 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院 | A kind of preventing control method suitable for preventing and treating tea tree tea lace bug |
| CN108739035A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-06 | 孝昌县凤凰茶叶有限责任公司 | Improve Tea planting survival rate method |
| CN109362456A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-02-22 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of tea place winter management |
| CN110915505A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院 | Environment-friendly prevention and control method for Tibet tea tree pests |
| CN111279953A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-16 | 信阳农林学院 | Prevention and control method for persimmon broad-wing wax cicadas of tea trees |
| CN114747447A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-15 | 山东省花生研究所 | Application of peanut and corn intercropping in biological control of lesser leafhopper |
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Application publication date: 20171110 |