CN111201969A

CN111201969A - Flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in spring corn field to control pests and application

Info

Publication number: CN111201969A
Application number: CN202010193497.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张艳军; 赵建宁; 刘红梅
Original assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2020-03-18
Filing date: 2020-03-18
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in a spring corn field to control pests and application thereof. The flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 6 plants of 9 families, the number of the plant types is moderate, the selected plants are wide in adaptability, strong in stress tolerance, simple to manage and protect, and the plant morphological structure and ecological function collocation are scientific and reasonable. This flowers and plants combination is used for spring maize field to establish artificial plant buffer zone, can rebuild the habitat and the breeding ground of arthropod among the farmland system at first, increase farmland biodiversity (species kind and abundance), secondly can keep in good luck multiple natural enemy control crop pest, can fix nitrogen and carbon in addition promote soil health and environmental safety, show the dependence that reduces the intensification farmland to chemical fertilizer pesticide to support green high-efficient sustainable development of agriculture and agricultural product quality safety, promote rural ecological landscape aesthetic effect.

Description

Flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in spring corn field to control pests and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in a spring corn field to control pests and an application thereof.

Background

Corn is the major food crop of the world, and in china, corn is the third major food crop behind rice and wheat. The spring corn is the corn sown in spring, has wide planting area in China, is generally planted in one season in one year, has high yield and large area, is mainly distributed in northeast, northwest and northern China, and is also distributed in southwest hilly mountain areas. The corn borer is the most main pest on spring corn, can be damaged in a plurality of corn growth periods, particularly, the corn is drilled with stalks after ear sprouting and is eaten, holes are easy to break, cob and ear grains are eaten, so that kernel damage is caused, kernel rot is caused, the harm to the corn production is great, the yield and the quality of the corn are seriously influenced, the damaged plant rate of the perennial spring corn is about 30%, and the yield is reduced by 10%. For a long time, the prevention and control of the harm of the corn borers mainly depend on chemical pesticides, the chemical pesticides are often phoxim mixed with poison bait or sprayed, and organophosphorus pesticides are strong in toxicity, easy to pollute the environment, and capable of killing natural enemies. The light trapping and killing and the biological control are environment-friendly insect prevention measures. The lamp light trapping needs to be equipped with an insect killing lamp in a field, the cost is higher, and the insect trapping lamp only has a certain effect on adults. Biological control has made certain research and application progress through plant breeding of natural enemies and pest control in fields, however, the field application effect is not satisfactory, and the main reason is that: the natural enemy insect killing is a result of comprehensive exertion of various and large-quantity natural enemies, the variety and quantity of the artificially-thrown natural enemies are limited, and even if a certain variety of natural enemies are thrown in large quantities, the natural enemies lacking habitation and reproduction habitats are difficult to colonize and continue and finally die quickly. A large number of natural enemies existing in nature, such as spiders, trichogramma, cryptoptera volvatus, ichneumon fly and the like, have suppression effects on eggs, larvae, adults and pupae of corn borers, particularly on predation and parasitism of the eggs and the larvae, can effectively reduce the population base number of insects, and have good control effects on the source of pest populations. However, because the farmland system emphasizes the production function excessively, the farmland ecosystem has a simple structure, the living and breeding environments of the natural enemies are seriously deteriorated and even lost, the population of the natural enemies is gradually atrophied, and the natural control effect of the natural enemies on pests is difficult to exert.

Agricultural biodiversity is an important support for the ecological system of a farmland, is a key factor for maintaining, stabilizing or improving the ecological balance of agriculture, and is a material basis for the continuous development of agriculture and related industries and ecological environments. Plant buffer zones for non-farmland growth, such as hedges, weeds, wild flowers and the like, are important ecological facilities for conserving the diversity of agricultural organisms, and are proved to improve the functions of an ecological system of a main grain field, and achieve the purposes of increasing natural enemies, controlling pests and reducing the dosage of medicines. The natural plant buffer zone is a result of natural succession, can preserve and maintain agricultural biodiversity, but has poor function of serving farmland production. The method not only can protect natural biodiversity, but also can pertinently increase natural enemies to control main pests in the farmland, and the artificial design and construction of the plant buffer zone are feasible ways for realizing the double purposes. The plant community is an intrinsic determinant factor of the ecological regulation function of the plant buffer zone, and the number of the plant species is not more, the better. The structure optimization and function enhancement of a farmland ecosystem need to be developed aiming at specific crops, the compound functions of plant groups can be exerted through scientific and reasonable plant combination (for example, wild flowers and wild herbs are matched and need to be groped and optimized), and the plant types and the plant proportions are the key to the success of the artificial design and construction of the plant buffer zone.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies to control pests in a spring corn field so as to fill up the technical blank existing in constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive spring corn field.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of an artificial plant buffer zone in a spring corn field.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and grass composition for increasing natural enemies in a spring corn field to control pests comprises, by mass, 30-50% of grassy herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-15% of Chenopodiaceae herbs, 5-15% of Umbelliferae herbs and 5-15% of cruciferae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial ryegrass and festuca arundinacea, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 20% and 20%, respectively.

Preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial astragalus sinicus and white clover, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10% and 10% respectively.

Preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial chrysanthemum and atriplex capitata, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 6% and 4% respectively.

Preferably, the Chenopodiaceae plant is two-year-old beet, and the mass percentage of seeds is 10%.

Preferably, the plant of the Umbelliferae family is a two-year-old wild carrot, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 10%.

Preferably, the crucifer is a two-year-old cabbage, and the seed mass ratio is 10%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the spring corn field comprises the following steps:

1) preparing soil, reserving a land with the width of not less than 3 meters along the edge of the spring corn field, applying base fertilizer, ploughing, and raking for later use;

2) sowing, namely uniformly mixing the grass seeds of the two-year and perennial plants according to a preferred proportion, sowing in autumn in the first year, and determining whether the two-year mixed plants are replanted every other year in autumn or not according to the grass discharge condition;

3) and (4) maintaining, watering and weeding at irregular intervals, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.

Preferably, when the land is prepared in the step 1), the width of the plant buffer zone is 5 meters; if the shape of the field is square, constructing a plant buffer zone along the long edge of the field; if the shape of the field is irregular, the plant buffer zone is constructed along the periphery of the field; 40 kilograms of compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15: 15) is applied to each mu as base fertilizer.

Preferably, when sowing is carried out in the step 2), the perennial plant mixed grass seeds are sown by adopting a hand seeder for two years and each square meter, the weight of the sown grass seeds is 10 g, the reserved grass planting land is sown in a segmented mode, the grass seeds required by each segment are weighed independently, each segment is sown twice uniformly, the soil covering is 1cm after sowing, and the soil is compacted by a press machine.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is fully wetted within 3-4 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm per week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (e.g., humulus scandens, reed, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately cleared manually or mechanically.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 6 plants of 9 families, the number of the plant types is moderate, the selected plants are wide in adaptability, strong in stress tolerance, simple to manage and protect, and the plant morphological structure and ecological function collocation are scientific and reasonable. This flowers and plants combination is used for spring maize field to establish artificial plant buffer zone, can rebuild the habitat and the breeding ground of arthropod among the farmland system at first, increase farmland biodiversity (species kind and abundance), secondly can keep in good luck multiple natural enemy control crop pest, can fix nitrogen and carbon in addition promote soil health and environmental safety, show the dependence that reduces the intensification farmland to chemical fertilizer pesticide to support green high-efficient sustainable development of agriculture and agricultural product quality safety, promote rural ecological landscape aesthetic effect.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of ryegrass of Gramineae, 20% of festuca arundinacea, 10% of milk vetch of Leguminosae, 10% of white clover, 6% of artemisia chrysanthemi of Compositae, 4% of scarlet aster, 10% of beet of Chenopodiaceae, 10% of wild carrot of Umbelliferae and 10% of cabbage of Cruciferae.

Example 2: conservation of biodiversity in corn field system by artificial plant buffer zone

Three test points are selected in the intensive spring corn continuous planting area in Hebei river, and the spacing distance of the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. Treated plots refer to corn fields with a preferred combination of flowers and grasses that create a buffer zone for plants at the edge of the field (minus the portion of the plant buffer zone), and control plots refer to corn fields that have not undergone any alteration from the normal intensive operations. The test area prohibited the use of herbicides and insecticides. In the growing season of corn, collecting arthropod specimens of sample plots by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device and an earth surface trap, identifying the types of arthropods, and counting the number of various types. In the investigation, the trematode points and traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the plant buffer zone, the treated plot and the comparison plot is ensured. 16 traps are arranged on each plant buffer zone and each block of treated and contrasted ground, and the trap positions are simultaneously insect suction points. Five-point sampling method for each plot for treatment and comparison, 20 corns are investigated at each point, the number of gnawing or moth holes of the corn borers on leaves, stems and ears and the number of various insect states such as larvae, pupae and the like of the Asian corn borers are checked, and the damage degree of the corn borers is graded by adopting the technical specification of the Asian corn borers in China.

TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod, natural enemy population occurrence and corn borer pest

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

As shown in the results of Table 1, the artificial plant buffer zone constructed by the preferable combination of flowers and plants can greatly diversify the arthropods, particularly when the corns emerge for 5 months, the habitat of a farmland system is short, the animals are not continued, and the types and the number of the arthropods and natural enemies in a corn planting area are low; meanwhile, natural enemies kept by the artificial plant buffer zone migrate to the treated plots, so that the corn borer populations of the treated plots are remarkably suppressed, the corn borer populations of the treated plots are effectively controlled in the whole corn growth period, the prevention and control rates of the heading period and the mature period are respectively 78.9% and 79.7%, and the use of chemical insecticides is avoided.

Claims

1. The flower and grass composition for increasing natural enemies in spring corn fields and controlling pests and the application are characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of gramineous herbs, 15-25% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-15% of chenopodiaceae herbs, 5-15% of umbelliferae herbs and 5-15% of cruciferous herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial ryegrass and tall fescue, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 20% and 20% respectively;

preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial astragalus sinicus and white clover, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10% and 10% respectively;

preferably, the compositae plant species are perennial chrysanthemum and atriplex capitata, and the mass percentage of the seeds is respectively 6% and 4%;

preferably, the Chenopodiaceae plant species is two-year-old beet, and the mass percentage of seeds is 10%;

preferably, the species of the Umbelliferae plants are two-year-old wild carrots, and the mass percentage of seeds is 10%;

2. The application of the flower and grass combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preferred flower and grass combination is suitable for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a spring corn field, and the effect of increasing the control effect of natural enemies on pests can be achieved.