CN111201974A - Flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in double-cropping rice field in China to control pests and application - Google Patents
Flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in double-cropping rice field in China to control pests and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN111201974A CN111201974A CN202010192868.1A CN202010192868A CN111201974A CN 111201974 A CN111201974 A CN 111201974A CN 202010192868 A CN202010192868 A CN 202010192868A CN 111201974 A CN111201974 A CN 111201974A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in double cropping rice fields in China to control pests and application thereof. The flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 5 families of 7 kinds of herbs, the number of plant kinds is moderate, the management and the protection are simple, and the collocation of the plant morphological structure and the ecological function is scientific and reasonable. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone in double cropping paddy fields in China, at first, malignant weeds can be inhibited, small and medium animals in a paddy field system are optimized, the habitat and the breeding land of arthropods are increased, the biological diversity (species variety and abundance) of farmlands is increased, then, various natural enemies can be kept as the source land of the natural enemies of the paddy fields, in addition, rice stem borers can be attracted to the flower and plant zone and are intensively killed by the natural enemies, the continuous and stable prevention and control effect is realized on rice stem borers, the dependence of intensive paddy fields on chemical pesticides is remarkably reduced, the green, efficient and sustainable development of agriculture and the quality safety of agricultural products are supported, and the aesthetic effect of rural paddy field landscape is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in double cropping rice fields in China to control pests and application thereof.
Background
Rice is the main food crop in the world, nearly half of the world population takes rice as staple food, and in China, rice is the first large food crop. The double cropping rice is a rice cropping system for planting one-season early rice and then planting one-season late rice in one year and harvesting two-season rice in the same rice field. The double-cropping rice growing region in China starts at the east of the coast, is in the west of the west to the Chengdu plain, is connected to the south of the south, is adjacent to the north of the Qinling mountain and is a south of the 8 provinces (cities) including Su, Hui, Zhe, Wan, Jian, Xiang, Hui and Chuan or most of the 8 provinces, Shaan and Henan, is the largest rice growing region in China and accounts for more than 60 percent of the rice growing area in China. The rice stem borers (Dianhuang/Trihua borers) are the most main pests in double cropping rice growing areas in China, early rice mainly comprises Chilo suppressalis, late rice mainly comprises Trihua borers, and the rice stem borers mainly comprise first-hatched larvae which are eaten in rice stems in different growth periods of rice to cause dead seedlings, dead booting ears, white ears and the like, because the temperature in the double cropping rice growing areas in China is warm, the cardinal number of the rice stem borers is kept at a high level throughout the year, the hazard rate is usually over 50%, and the yield of the rice is reduced by 15-30%. Agricultural measures, chemical prevention and biological prevention are combined to be beneficial experience of prevention and control of rice stem borers in double cropping rice paddy areas in Huazhong. The disadvantage of agricultural measure control is that a great deal of manpower is required. Biological control is realized by breeding natural enemy plants and throwing in control pests in fields, however, the field application effect is not good enough, and the continuous and stable pest control effect is difficult to exert, and the main reasons are as follows: the natural enemy insect killing is a result of comprehensive exertion of various and large-quantity natural enemies, the variety and quantity of the artificially-thrown natural enemies are limited, and even if a certain variety of natural enemies are thrown in large quantities, the natural enemies lacking habitation and reproduction habitats are difficult to colonize and continue and finally die quickly. Once the rice borer is damaged, chemical pesticides cannot be avoided, and the chemical pesticides have negative effects of polluting the environment, killing natural enemies, inducing drug resistance of pests and the like. A large number of natural enemies exist in the nature, such as spiders, trichogramma, callousworms, parasitic flies and the like, have the functions of killing or restraining the eggs and nymphs of rice stem borers and have the function of stably controlling pest populations. However, because the farmland system emphasizes the production function excessively, the farmland ecosystem has a simple structure, the living and breeding environments of the natural enemies are seriously deteriorated and even lost, the population of the natural enemies is gradually atrophied, and the natural control effect of the natural enemies on pests is difficult to exert.
Agricultural biodiversity is an important support for the ecological system of a farmland, is a key factor for maintaining, stabilizing or improving the ecological balance of agriculture, and is a material basis for the continuous development of agriculture and related industries and ecological environments. Plant buffer zones for non-farmland growth, such as hedges, weeds, wild flowers and the like, are important ecological facilities for conserving the diversity of agricultural organisms, and are proved to improve the functions of an ecological system of a main grain field, and achieve the purposes of increasing natural enemies, controlling pests and reducing the dosage of medicines. The natural plant buffer zone is a result of natural succession, can preserve and maintain agricultural biodiversity, but has poor function of serving farmland production. The method not only can protect natural biodiversity, but also can pertinently increase natural enemies to control main pests in the farmland, and the artificial design and construction of the plant buffer zone are feasible ways for realizing the double purposes. The plant community is an intrinsic determinant of the ecological regulation function of the plant buffer zone. The structural optimization and the function enhancement of a farmland ecosystem need to be developed aiming at specific crops and climatic environments, functional plants can be scientifically screened and reasonably combined to play the composite functions of plant groups (for example, wild flowers and wild herbs are matched and need to be groped and optimized), and the plant types and the proportion are the key to the success of the artificial design and the construction of the plant buffer zone.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies to control pests in double cropping rice fields in China to fill the technical blank existing in the intensive construction of artificial plant buffer zones in double cropping rice fields in China.
The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and grass combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in double-cropping rice fields in China.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a flower and grass composition for increasing natural enemies in double cropping rice fields in China to control pests comprises, by mass, 40-60% of grassy herbs, 20-40% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-15% of Umbelliferae herbs and 5-15% of benaceae herbs.
Preferably, the gramineous plant species are perennial vetiver and paspalum distichum, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 30% and 15%, respectively.
Preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and epimedium herb, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10% respectively.
Preferably, the species of the feverfew is perennial pyrethrum, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10% respectively.
Preferably, the plant of the Umbelliferae family is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10%.
Preferably, the plant of the family Pedaliaceae is annual sesame, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10%.
The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the double-cropping rice field in Huazhong comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and ridge building are carried out, land with the width of not less than 1 meter is reserved along the edge of the double-cropping rice field, base fertilizer is applied for ploughing, and the land is raked for standby;
2) sowing, wherein the perennial plant grass seeds are uniformly mixed according to an optimal proportion, and are sowed in autumn in the first year and drill-sowed with annual sesame seeds in spring in the second year;
3) and (4) maintaining, watering and weeding at irregular intervals, and ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well.
Preferably, when land preparation and ridge building are carried out in the step 1), the width of the plant buffer zone is 1.5 meters; if the shape of the field is square, constructing a plant buffer zone along the long edge of the field; if the plot is irregular in shape, a plant buffer zone is built along the perimeter of the plot.
Preferably, during sowing in the step 2), the perennial plant mixed grass seeds are sown by hand, the weight of the sown grass seeds per square meter is 10 g, the reserved grass planting land is sown in a segmented manner, the grass seeds required by each land are weighed independently, each land is sown uniformly twice, the soil covering is 1cm after sowing, and the soil is compacted by a rolling machine; annual sesame seeds are sowed in a drill mode, and the row width is 40 cm.
Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is ensured to be fully wet within 2-3 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm every week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (such as barnyard grass, reed, etc.) can be identified, they are immediately removed manually or mechanically.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the flower and plant combination disclosed by the invention covers 5 families of 7 kinds of herbs, the number of plant kinds is moderate, the management and the protection are simple, and the collocation of the plant morphological structure and the ecological function is scientific and reasonable. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing the artificial plant buffer zone in double cropping paddy fields in China, at first, malignant weeds can be inhibited, small and medium animals in a paddy field system are optimized, the habitat and the breeding land of arthropods are increased, the biological diversity (species variety and abundance) of farmlands is increased, then, various natural enemies can be kept as the source land of the natural enemies of the paddy fields, in addition, rice stem borers can be attracted to the flower and plant zone and are intensively killed by the natural enemies, the continuous and stable prevention and control effect is realized on rice stem borers, the dependence of intensive paddy fields on chemical pesticides is remarkably reduced, the green, efficient and sustainable development of agriculture and the quality safety of agricultural products are supported, and the aesthetic effect of rural paddy field landscape is improved.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants
The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 30% of vetiver grass of Gramineae, 15% of paspalum distichum, 15% of red clover of Leguminosae, 10% of epimedium herb, 10% of pyrethrum of Compositae, 10% of common cnidium fruit of Umbelliferae and 10% of sesame of Pedaliaceae.
Example 2: conservation of biodiversity in paddy field system by artificial plant buffer zone
Three test points are selected in the intensive double-cropping rice field one-by-one planting area in Jiangxi, and the spacing distance between the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. Treated plots refer to rice fields with a plant buffer zone established at the edge of the plot with the preferred combination of flowers and grasses (the portion of the plant buffer zone is subtracted), and control plots refer to rice fields without any alteration from the normal intensive operations. The test area prohibited the use of herbicides and insecticides. In the rice growing season, collecting arthropod specimens of a sample plot by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device and an insect catching net, identifying the arthropod species, and counting the number of various species. In the investigation, the trematode points are distributed uniformly, the trematode time is fixed to be 1 minute each time, and the same number of the investigation points of the plant buffer zone, the treated plot and the comparison plot is ensured. 16 pest sucking points are arranged on each plant buffer zone and each block of treated and contrasted ground, a grid sweeping point is arranged near the pest sucking points, and the complete infinity is 1 net. During investigation, 10 spots are taken in parallel in a jumping manner for each plot of the treated plot and the control plot, 20 groups of rice are selected for fixed-point investigation, 200 groups of rice are investigated in total, and the harmful plants in the spots are calculated, wherein the symptoms of the harmful plants include withered hearts, withered sheaths, insect-injured plants, withered and pregnant ears, white ears and the like.
TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod and natural enemy occurrence and statistics of rate of rice borer infected plants
Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.
The plant combination is suitable for local growth and high-low matching, and the vegetation of the buffer zone is well maintained. As a result, as shown in Table 1, the artificial plant bumper zone constructed by the preferable flower and plant combination in the double cropping paddy field in China can greatly protect the diversity of arthropods, particularly provides a precious animal habitat at the early growth stage of early rice, and has low levels of the types and the number of the arthropods and natural enemies in the paddy field. By the early rice mature period, the rate of the rice borers growing to be damaged is increased rapidly, natural enemies sheltered by the artificial plant buffer zone migrate to the treated plots, so that the rice borers growing to the treated plots is obviously suppressed, and the number of the control plot natural enemy growing to the rice borers is increased along with the increase of the rice borers. In the late rice green turning period, because the inhabitation conditions are unfavorable, the types and the number of the arthropods and the natural enemies in the rice field are obviously fallen back, and the types and the number of the arthropods and the natural enemies in the artificial plant buffer zone are kept stable. The artificial plant buffer zone continuously plays a role in stabilizing arthropod and natural enemy populations until the late rice mature period, rice borers in the rice field are heavier due to the accumulation effect of early rice planting, the rice borer populations in the control plot are increased again (the damaged plant rate is 16.3%), and the rice borer populations in the treatment plot are suppressed to a low level (the damaged plant rate is 1.3%) due to the overflow effect of the natural enemy in the buffer zone. The comprehensive results show that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone not only preserves the diversity of arthropods and natural enemies, but also effectively plays a role in inhibiting the rice stem borer population adjacent to the rice field, and avoids the use of chemical insecticides.
Claims (2)
1. A flower and grass combination for increasing natural enemies in double cropping rice fields in China and controlling pests and an application thereof are characterized in that the flower and grass combination comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of gramineous herbs, 20-40% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-15% of umbelliferae herbs and 5-15% of benaceae herbs;
preferably, the gramineous plant species are perennial vetiver and paspalum distichum, and the mass ratio of the seeds is respectively 30% and 15%;
preferably, the leguminous plant is perennial red clover and epimedium herb, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 15% and 10% respectively;
preferably, the species of the compositae plants are perennial pyrethrum, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10 percent respectively;
preferably, the plant of the Umbelliferae family is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10%;
preferably, the plant of the family Pedaliaceae is annual sesame, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 10%.
2. The application of the flower and grass combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preferred flower and grass combination is suitable for constructing artificial plant buffer zones in double cropping rice fields in China, and can achieve the effect of increasing the control effect of natural enemies on pests.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108432587A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-24 | 成都野趣生境园林景观设计有限公司 | A kind of showy flowers of herbaceous plants plant landscaping method adapting to environmental change |
| CN109169068A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | A method of it helps and moves from wheatland to corn field predator |
| CN109451904A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-12 | 杭州稻道农业科技有限公司 | Farmland Structures and the method for preventing and treating agricultural pests |
| CN110140565A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method of child care proliferation rice field predatory natural enemy insect |
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2020
- 2020-03-18 CN CN202010192868.1A patent/CN111201974A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108432587A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-24 | 成都野趣生境园林景观设计有限公司 | A kind of showy flowers of herbaceous plants plant landscaping method adapting to environmental change |
| CN109169068A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院动物研究所 | A method of it helps and moves from wheatland to corn field predator |
| CN109451904A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-03-12 | 杭州稻道农业科技有限公司 | Farmland Structures and the method for preventing and treating agricultural pests |
| CN110140565A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of method of child care proliferation rice field predatory natural enemy insect |
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Application publication date: 20200529 |