CN111226680A - Flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling pests and promoting yield of kiwi fruit orchard and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling harm and promoting production in a kiwi fruit garden and application thereof. The flower and grass combination of the invention covers 8 families of 13 kinds of herbaceous plants, the growth is luxuriant and rich, the flowering phase is staggered, and the management and the protection are simple. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a kiwi fruit garden, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstructs a microminiature animal inhabiting and breeding place in the kiwi fruit garden, increases the species and the individual quantity of animals, and the dense vegetation is beneficial to the survival of predatory natural enemies.

Description

Flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling pests and promoting yield of kiwi fruit orchard and application

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland ecological enhancement, and relates to a flower and plant combination for gain control of damage and yield promotion in a kiwi fruit garden and application thereof.

Background

Kiwi fruit is an important fruit in the world, has the name of the king of fruit vitamin C, is originally produced in south China, is widely cultivated after being introduced into New Zealand, and is planted in Yangtze river basin and Qinling mountain in China and areas of south China and east China crosscut mountain. Main pests of the kiwi fruit comprise scarab, leafhopper, scale insect and the like, and the kiwi fruit gnaws tender tissues such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers and the like of the kiwi fruit or sucks plant juice, so that the kiwi fruit tree grows badly and even dies, the yield is reduced, and the fruit quality is deteriorated. The method lacks of insect-resistant kiwi fruit varieties, and the agricultural measures for preventing and controlling kiwi fruit pests are time-consuming and labor-consuming. Chemical control is a main insect prevention means for intensive kiwi fruit gardens, but serious negative problems of polluting water and soil environments and fruits, killing natural enemies, inducing drug resistance of pests and the like remind people to adopt chemical control carefully. The artificial breeding and releasing of the Tiandi have positive effects on controlling the pests in the kiwi fruit garden, but the wild animals in the intensive kiwi fruit garden inhabit and multiply seriously damaged, and are difficult to colonize and continue to die quickly. A large number of natural enemies exist in the nature, wherein the natural enemies include spiders, lacewings, ladybugs, predatory mites, parasitoid flies, parasitic bees and the like, have the effect of inhibiting and killing eggs, larvae and nymphs of kiwi fruit pests, and can continuously control the kiwi fruit pest population to prevent outbreak and disaster. Because the production function is over emphasized, the intensive kiwi fruit orchard is single in planting variety, so-called weeds in the orchard are almost completely removed, or a single gramineae or leguminous forage grass is covered between fruit tree rows to keep and inhibit water, the natural enemy and the pollination insect grow and propagate to deteriorate or even lose, the natural enemy is few in variety and quantity, the natural joint control effect of the natural enemy group on pests is damaged, the pollination insect is reduced, the natural pollination rate of the kiwi fruit is low, and the quality of the kiwi fruit is influenced.

Biodiversity is the material basis for sustainable development of agriculture and forestry industry and ecological environment, and is the core factor for maintaining the balance of agriculture and forestry ecosystem. Due to the variety of the domesticated animals, especially the natural enemies, the plant buffer zone (such as hedgerow, wild grass zone, wild flower zone, etc.) of the non-agricultural environment is regarded as one of the important ecological facilities of the agricultural ecological system, and the comprehensive ecological functions of increasing beneficial insects, controlling pests and reducing chemical drugs are proved in the farmland. The natural plant buffer zone is a result of natural succession, biological germplasm resources are maintained, the natural plant buffer zone is often artificially damaged in an agriculture and forestry system, or vegetation is mixed with a large number of malignant weeds to become pests over-wintering/summer hosts, and the function of serving the agriculture and forestry crop production is basically lost. The diversity of animals is preserved, natural enemy groups are increased in a targeted mode to control main pests of agricultural and forestry crops, and the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone are feasible ways for achieving the multiple purposes, so that the green, efficient and sustainable development of intensive agriculture and forestry is supported. Aiming at the production requirements and the planting environment of a kiwi fruit garden, functional plants are scientifically screened and reasonably matched, the composite ecological function of plant combination is exerted, and the structure optimization and the function enhancement of a garden ecological system are realized. The plant species and the plant proportion are the key to the success of the design and reconstruction of the plant buffer zone, and the research, development and application according to local conditions are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling pests and promoting production of a kiwi fruit garden, so as to fill up the technical blank existing in the construction of an artificial plant buffer zone in an intensive kiwi fruit garden.

The invention also aims to provide application of the flower and plant combination in construction of artificial plant buffer zones in intensive kiwi fruit gardens.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a flower and plant combination for increasing, controlling harm and promoting production of a kiwi orchard comprises, by mass, 30-50% of gramineae herbs, 10-30% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-10% of umbelliferae herbs, 3-8% of labiatae herbs, 5-10% of liliaceae herbs, 3-8% of solanaceae herbs and 3-9% of polygonaceae herbs.

Preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial tall fescue, ryegrass and green bristlegrass, and the seed mass ratio is 20%, 15% and 5%, respectively.

Preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover, vetch and annual broad bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 8%, 8% and 6% respectively.

Preferably, the Compositae plant species are annual marigold and ageratum thistle, the seed mass ratio is 5% and 5%, respectively.

Preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 7%.

Preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial melissa officinalis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5%.

Preferably, the liliaceae plant is annual garlic, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 7%.

Preferably, the solanaceae plant species is perennial petunia, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 5%.

Preferably, the Polygonaceae plant species is perennial wild buckwheat rhizome, and the seed mass accounts for 6%.

The application of the flower and grass combination in the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone in the kiwi fruit garden comprises the following steps:

1) leveling, namely plowing and raking strip-shaped lands among rows of kiwi fruit trees for later use;

2) sowing or planting, wherein the perennial plants are sown in autumn, and the annual plants are sown or planted in spring;

3) maintaining, regularly weeding according to the normal fertilizer and water management of the kiwi fruit garden, ensuring that various sowed plants in the plant buffer zone grow well, and cutting the plant buffer zone in winter.

Preferably, the edge of the remained strip-shaped land is 50cm away from the base of the stem of the kiwi fruit tree when the land is prepared in the step 1).

Preferably, in the step 2), when sowing and planting, perennial plant grass seeds are uniformly mixed and then sown by shaking a sowing machine with hands, the weight of the sown grass seeds per square meter is 10 g, the reserved grass land is sown in a segmented manner, the grass seeds required by each segment are independently weighed, each segment is uniformly sown twice, the soil covering is 1cm after sowing, and the soil is compacted by a rolling machine; the annual broad beans and the annual garlic are sowed and planted in a row-row mode in a crossed mode, the row spacing is 25cm, the ditching depth of the broad beans is 5cm, and soil is covered and tamped after sowing.

Preferably, during maintenance in the step 3), the soil is ensured to be fully wet within 2-3 weeks after sowing, and water is manually supplemented by about 1cm every week under the drought condition; once malignant weeds (such as dodder, humulus scandens, bermuda grass, etc.) can be identified, they are removed manually or mechanically; plant residues cut in the winter are covered on the plant buffer belt so as to be decomposed in winter and spring.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the flower and grass combination of the invention covers 8 families of 13 kinds of herbaceous plants, the growth is luxuriant and rich, the flowering phase is staggered, and the management and the protection are simple. The flower and plant combination is used for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a kiwi fruit garden, can inhibit the growth of malignant weeds, reconstructs a microminiature animal inhabiting and breeding place in the kiwi fruit garden, increases the species and the individual quantity of animals, and the dense vegetation is beneficial to the survival of predatory natural enemies.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the essence of the invention, the technical contents of the invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the contents of the invention are not limited thereto and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1: preferred combinations of flowers and plants

The preferable flower and grass combination plant species comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of tall fescue of Gramineae, 15% of ryegrass, 5% of green bristlegrass, 8% of red clover of Leguminosae, 8% of vetch seed, 6% of broad bean, 5% of marigold of Compositae, 5% of ageratum thistle, 7% of fructus cnidii of Umbelliferae, 5% of melissa officinalis of Labiatae, 7% of garlic of Liliaceae, 5% of petunia of Solanaceae and 6% of wild buckwheat of Polygonaceae.

Example 2: conservation and regulation of artificial plant buffer zone to kiwi fruit garden animals

Three test points are selected in the intensive kiwi fruit one-piece planting area in Hubei, and the spacing distance between the test points is more than 1 kilometer. Each test point is provided with a treatment plot and a comparison plot in pairs, and the spacing distance between the two plots is more than 2 hundred meters. The treated plot refers to a kiwi fruit garden with plant buffer zones constructed among kiwi fruit tree rows by using preferred flower and grass combinations, the control plot refers to a kiwi fruit garden under normal intensive management, and the use of herbicides and insecticides is forbidden in the treated plot. In four growing seasons of a kiwi fruit tree in one year, collecting arthropod specimens of sample plots by comprehensively utilizing a mechanical insect sucking device, a ground surface trap and an insect catching net, identifying the types of the arthropods, and counting the number of various types. In the investigation, the trematode points and the traps are distributed uniformly, the trematode time of each time is fixed to be 1 minute, and the same number of investigation sample points of the processed plot and the comparison plot is ensured. 16 traps are arranged on each block of treated and contrasted ground, the trap positions are simultaneously the pest sucking points, the scanning points are arranged near the pest sucking points, and the complete to-and-fro '∞' is 1 net. In the growing season of the kiwi fruits, selecting 5 rows from each plot in a treatment and contrast mode, carrying out jump investigation on 5 kiwi trees in each row, marking 25 kiwi trees, fixing the marked kiwi trees in each investigation, recording the insect quantity of chafer, leafhopper and scale insect on the branches and leaves, and taking the branches as units.

TABLE 1 investigation of arthropod, natural enemy, pollinating insect and Kiwi fruit pest occurrence

Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates.

The plant combination disclosed by the invention is resistant to shade, and relatively dense vegetation in the buffer zone is maintained from early spring to early winter. The results are shown in table 1, and after the artificial plant buffer zone is constructed in the kiwi fruit garden by using the preferred flower and grass combination, the arthropod species and the number are remarkably preserved in early spring and early winter; by the date of the flowers and fruits of the kiwi fruits in summer and autumn, the vegetation among the rows of the control kiwi trees is rare, the diversity of animals is low, the vegetation of the artificial plant buffer zone for treating the rows of the kiwi fruits is dense, the diversity of the animals is well preserved, and particularly in the flowering period of the kiwi fruits, the types and the number of natural enemies and pollination insects for treating the orchard are far more than those of the control orchard. At different stages of one year of the kiwi fruit, natural enemies (such as spiders, lacewings, ladybug, predatory mites, parasitic flies, parasitic wasps and the like) kept by the artificial plant buffer zone have obvious suppression effect on populations of scarab beetles, leafhoppers and scale insects in the treated plots. In the flowering period, which is also the high-development period of the scarab, the inhibition rate of the constructed artificial plant buffer zone on the scarab development is 80.0 percent; in the flowering period to the fruit period and the high-emergence period of the leafhoppers and the scale insects, the inhibition rates of the artificial plant buffer zone construction on the leafhoppers are 75.4 percent and 73.6 percent respectively, and the inhibition rates on the scale insects are 79.1 percent and 77.4 percent respectively. The comprehensive result shows that the construction of the artificial plant buffer zone preserves arthropods in the kiwi fruit garden, and various natural enemies effectively control main pests, namely scarab beetles, leafhoppers and scale insects in the kiwi fruit garden, so that the use of chemical insecticides is avoided.

Claims (2)

1. The flower and grass combination for gain control, pest control and yield promotion in the kiwi fruit orchard and the application thereof are characterized in that the flower and grass combination comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-50% of gramineous herbs, 10-30% of leguminous herbs, 5-15% of compositae herbs, 5-10% of umbelliferae herbs, 3-8% of labiate herbs, 5-10% of liliaceae herbs, 3-8% of solanaceae herbs and 3-9% of polygonaceae herbs;

preferably, the gramineae plant species are perennial festuca arundinacea, ryegrass and green bristlegrass, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 20%, 15% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the leguminous plant species are perennial red clover, vetch and annual broad bean, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 8%, 8% and 6% respectively;

preferably, the Compositae plant species are annual marigold and ageratum thistle, the mass ratio of the seeds is 5% and 5% respectively;

preferably, the Umbelliferae plant is perennial fructus cnidii, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 7%;

preferably, the labiatae plant is perennial melissa officinalis, and the mass ratio of the seeds is 5%;

preferably, the liliaceae plant is annual garlic, and the mass percentage of seeds is 7%;

preferably, the solanaceae plant species is perennial petunia, and the mass percentage of the seeds is 5%;

preferably, the Polygonaceae plant species is perennial wild buckwheat rhizome, and the seed mass accounts for 6%.

2. The application of the flower and grass combination according to claim 1, wherein the preferable flower and grass combination is suitable for constructing an artificial plant buffer zone in a kiwi fruit garden, and can achieve the effects of increasing beneficial insects, preventing and controlling pests and promoting yield.