CN108739092A - Degeneration meadow restorative procedure - Google Patents
Degeneration meadow restorative procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108739092A CN108739092A CN201810654065.6A CN201810654065A CN108739092A CN 108739092 A CN108739092 A CN 108739092A CN 201810654065 A CN201810654065 A CN 201810654065A CN 108739092 A CN108739092 A CN 108739092A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
Degeneration meadow provided by the invention restorative procedure is related to meadow recovery technique field.A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure, including degeneration meadow is monitored, judge the vegetation on degeneration meadow and the degree of degeneration of soil.Any one in near-nature forest reparation, artificial promotion reparation and reconstruction or at least two are carried out to degeneration meadow.This method can repair the plant on the meadow of degeneration and soil so that the range restoration of degeneration partly or entirely produces and ecological functions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to meadow recovery technique fields, and more particularly to degeneration meadow restorative procedure.
Background technology
Meadow is the important agricultural production resources in one, China, it is not only important green ecological denfense, but also is important
Animal husbandry production base.However, due to unreasonable utilization, grassland soil is degenerated serious at present, it has also become one, China is great
Resource and environmental problem.
The reason of grassland degeneration, meadow was long-term mainly since the mankind constantly take a large amount of substance and energy away from meadow
It is unable to make ends meet, violated the basic principle of the ecological balance and caused by.It is wherein most direct, most important the reason is that：(1) it excessively puts
It herds.(2) inappropriate open up wasteland, dig medicinal herbs from the earth, cut fuel wood, mow, hug grass, hug and deliver vegetables, destroy grassland vegetation, make wind erosion, water erosion,
It desertifies, salination and soil leanness aggravate；(3) mismanagement.(4) meadow use, administration authority are unknown.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure, this method can be to the plant on the meadow of degeneration
It is repaired with soil, makes the part or all of production of the range restoration of degeneration and ecological functions.
The present invention solves its technical problem using following technical scheme to realize：
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure, including：
Degeneration meadow is monitored, judges the vegetation on degeneration meadow and the degree of degeneration of soil.
Any one in near-nature forest reparation, artificial promotion reparation and reconstruction or at least two are carried out to degeneration meadow.
The advantageous effect of the degeneration meadow restorative procedure of the embodiment of the present invention is：
The present invention is by grassland monitoring, judging grassland vegetation and soil degradation degree, being directed to according to degradation level
The reparation of property.Reparation includes near-nature forest reparation, artificial creep reparation and reconstruction, can according to the concrete condition on degeneration meadow,
Select single restorative procedure or it is a variety of be combined comprehensive treatment, regulation effect is good, makes the grassland instauration of degeneration or close to original
Ecological functions and production function.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The degeneration meadow restorative procedure of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.Degeneration meadow provided by the invention
Restorative procedure is not suitable for the desertification and salination of natural meadow mainly for the degeneration of natural meadow.
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, detection structure of plant community, total coverage, ground biomass, it is not edible grass with
Careless number of individuals etc. is poisoned, makes comparisons with reference system, judges grassland vegetation degree of degeneration.Monitor the soil weight, organic matter, soil
Full nitrogen etc., compared with reference system, judges soil degradation degree.Wherein, reference system is in one's respective area or to close in one's respective area
It is not damaged or " the natural grasslands ecosystem " that extent of the destruction is very light, expert system, archives material, herdsman's micro-judgment conduct
Reference system.Grassland degeneration grade and graded index such as following table：
1 grassland degeneration grade of table and graded index
According to the land deterioration grade of judgement, near-nature forest reparation, artificial promotion is selected to repair and rebuild and repaired.One
As, near-nature forest reparation and artificial promotion repair and are suitable for light, gently degraded meadow.It rebuilds and is suitable for extreme degradation meadow.?
In actual reparation, can with single use one of which, can also near-nature forest reparation, artificial promote to repair and rebuild mutually to tie
It closes, comprehensive treatment.
Near-nature forest reparation includes fencing and rotation grazing.Fencing is to close degeneration meadow, under no human interference, utilizes degeneration
Seed bank breeding in meadow itself is repaired, according to grassland area and Grassland degradation degree block-by-block rotation fencing year by year.Meadow timing
Closing a period of time makes herbage there are one the chance rehabilitated, accumulates enough storage nutrition during this period without utilizing
Substance, gradual recovered grassland productivity, and herbage is made to have the chance set seeds or nourished and generated, promote careless group's natural renovation.
Rotation grazing is to determine animal number, planning grazing time, rotation grazing cycle, grassland Land use systems etc. according to natural Herbage harvest, will herd grass
Ground divides several subregions, mitigates grassland pressure, herd in turn.Can according to the degeneration procedure selection on degeneration meadow whether into
Row rotation grazing can promote the reparation on meadow if it is gently degraded without rotation grazing.
It is artificial promote to repair include loosen the soil, L. chinensis, sod cutting, grassland fertilization, oversowing, meadow after-culture and poison
Evil grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.
In actual repair, can according to loosened the soil to degeneration meadow the characteristics of grassland degeneration grade and meadow, it is shallow
It ploughs or at least one of middle sod cutting.
It loosens the soil thick suitable for being more than 40%, soil hardening soil layer in rhizome grass and tussock dominance, vegetation coverage
Degree is on the meadow of 30cm or more.The time loosen the soil preferably in early spring or late fall；The areas annual precipitation 250mm~400mm, in 6 months summers
Before the rain in ten days or operation after rain.Scarifying method is：It is band-like to loosen the soil along contour operation, line-spacing 20cm~40cm, pine soil depth
10cm~15cm is advisable.
L. chinensis acts on based on rhizome type dogstail, every square metre of rhizome type dogstail strain number not less than 10 plants, topography compared with
Flat gently degraded meadow.L. chinensis is ploughed to be band-like, and bandwidth is 25~35m, and the spacing between band is 5m, and ploughing depth is
10~15cm.
After to Degenerated handling, using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer to degeneration meadow
It applies fertilizer, improves the nutrient supply ability of grassland soil, contribute to the regeneration and growth of careless aerial plant.Organic fertilizer, nothing
The mass ratio of machine fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer can be：5~7:4~6:1:1~2.It preferably, can be in spring, autumn
Season, rainy season carry out before arriving, and fertilizer applied in the spring season is preferably after turning green.The method of fertilising can with ditch spread, spread fertilizer over the fields, spread manuer in holes, foliage-spray
The methods of.
In order to ensure there is the plant of a certain amount of and certain type in degeneration meadow, after-culture is carried out to meadow after fertilising.Meadow
After-culture is preferably having certain soil layer, irrigation conditions or annual precipitation to be no less than the area of 250mm and the moderate in location and moderate or more
Degeneration meadow carries out.It should be noted that after-culture preferably carries out before natural vegetation grows weaker and rainy season set so that after-culture
Kind does not influence natural vegetation, while having preferable survival rate.
It can be by annual and perennial, pulse family and grass family, deep root type and shallow root type, light type and light-resistant when after-culture
Collocating principle selects grass seeds to carry out mixed seeding；Mixed seeding contributes to meadow plant to mutually promote growth, and the plant kind on abundant meadow
Class.Graminous pasture seed and Leguminous grass seed are such as subjected to mixed seeding, the service life according to vegetation is to standing grain in mixed seeding total amount
The mass percent of undergraduate course grass seed and Leguminous grass seed is adjusted：The mass percent of graminous pasture seed with
The increase of service life and increase, the mass percent of Leguminous grass seed is reduced with the increase of service life.After-culture side
Method can be manpower broadcast sowing, animal power after-culture, equipment after-culture and aircraft after-culture etc..
Preferably, when service life is 2-3, mixed seeding weight includes graminous pasture seed 25~35% and pulse family
Grass seed 65~75%；When service life is 3-4, mixed seeding weight includes graminous pasture seed 75~80% and beans
Section grass seed 20~25%；When service life is 4-5, mixed seeding weight includes 80~90% He of graminous pasture seed
Leguminous grass seed 10~20%.Wherein, graminous pasture seed includes sheep's hay, siberian wildrye, wheatgrass, lyme grass, fescue grass, relies
It is one or more in grass, Leymus racemosus, sand ground bromegrass and Poa sphondylodes；Leguminous grass seed includes vetch, Da Wulihu
It is one or more in branch, Medicago ruthenica, oblique stem Radix Astragali, prairie milk vetch, clover, Medicago varia and Herba Oxytropis Myriophyllae.
When degeneration meadow is difficult to seminal propagation or slower seminal propagation, after-culture is carried out to degeneration meadow.After-culture preferably exists
It is carried out when before spring plant germination or after autumn plant is withered and yellow, if without precipitation condition, after-culture answers a small amount of moisturizing simultaneously.
Indigenous plant library be according to different grassland region (such as：Warm nature meadow steppe area, warm nature Typical Steppe or warm nature
Desert Grassland) and different purposes (such as：Landscape or herd is beaten the grass) it carries out selecting different plants.
Specifically, when degeneration meadow is traveled for the vegetation on warm nature meadow steppe area and degeneration meadow for watching, choosing
It should be arranged in pairs or groups some plants with ornamental value with the plant in indigenous plant library, such as：Filifolium sibiricum, oblique stem Radix Astragali, garden burnet, mound of withering
It is one or more in dish, mountain green onion and North China orchid potted flower；When the vegetation that degeneration meadow is warm nature meadow steppe area and degeneration meadow
When for beating the grass, the plant in indigenous plant library should select it is resistance to herd type grass.Degeneration meadow is warm nature meadow steppe area and Degenerated
Ground vegetation is for that when beating the grass, should select the indigenous plant for being suitable for beating the grass to carry out vegetation repair, such as：Lyme grass, wheatgrass, without awns sparrow
Wheat, siberian wildrye, Leymus racemosus etc..
When degeneration meadow is used for landscape for the vegetation on warm nature Typical Steppe and degeneration meadow, the plant in indigenous plant library
Object should select the plant with ornamental value, the indigenous plant that pattern is gorgeous, the florescence is grown；When degeneration meadow is warm nature Typical Steppe
And the vegetation on degeneration meadow is for when herding, the plant in indigenous plant library should select resistance to herd type herbage.Such as：Wheatgrass, relies sheep's hay
Grass, lyme grass, Leymus racemosus etc..
When degeneration meadow is used for landscape for the vegetation on warm nature Desert Grassland and degeneration meadow, the plant in indigenous plant library
Object should select the plant with ornamental value, may be selected in alpine yarrow shape Asia chrysanthemum, alkali fragrant-flowered garlic, Allium mongolicum Regel, spire fragrant-flowered garlic, careless rue and sand Echinops latifolius
It is one or more；When degeneration meadow is used to herd for the vegetation on warm nature Desert Grassland and degeneration meadow, indigenous plant library
In plant should select resistance to herd type herbage；When degeneration meadow is warm nature Desert Grassland and degeneration grassland vegetation is used to beat the grass,
The indigenous plant for being suitable for beating the grass should be selected to carry out vegetation repair.
Specifically, the plant of lifting is transplanted, using strip cropping.Root system of plant should unfold and be answered with earthing when after-culture
Consolidation selects different spacings depending on different shrubs, fruticuli and herb species, and general line-spacing 50cm~100cm, spacing in the rows 30cm~
50cm is advisable.The plant of after-culture by this way, life rate is high and growth is very fast.
After-culture is carried out, after after-culture to degeneration meadow, poison grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.Poison preventing and kill off for grass：Hand
Work is rooted out poisonous plant using equipment, preferably in solid preceding progress, need to be connected root and be rooted out.It is carried out in the smaller place of poisonous weeds toxicity
Severe is herded.Grass is poisoned more than 50% or more, alternative is killed using chemical weed killers.Can be used is prevented and kill off in insect pest
Learn deinsectization, micro- spore deinsectization and biological deinsectization.
When meadow is extreme degradation meadow, rebuild.It rebuilds preferably in spring and summer planting.Specifically, selection grass seeds with
Pioneer collocation is planted, and meadow is made to grow new Plantlet formation phytobiocoenose.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure is present embodiments provided, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, judges grassland vegetation and soil degradation degree.Grassland degeneration grade is slightly to move back
Change, near-nature forest reparation is carried out to meadow.
Near-nature forest reparation includes fencing and rotation grazing.It is closed specifically, degeneration meadow is sealed, in no human interference
Under, it is bred and is repaired using itself seed bank of degeneration meadow.
Embodiment 2
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure is present embodiments provided, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, judges grassland vegetation and soil degradation degree.Grassland degeneration grade is moved back for moderate
Change, carrying out artificial promotion to meadow repairs.
It is artificial promote to repair include loosen the soil, L. chinensis, sod cutting, grassland fertilization, oversowing, meadow after-culture and poison
Evil grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.
It loosens the soil to meadow, is loosened the soil using band-like, line-spacing 40cm, pine soil depth 15cm is advisable.
5 are pressed using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer:4:1:1 mass ratio is to degeneration meadow
It applies fertilizer.
After-culture is carried out to meadow after fertilising.Mixed seeding is carried out by pulse family and grass family, mixed seeding weight includes graminous pasture
Seed 35% and Leguminous grass seed 65%.Graminous pasture seed includes sheep's hay, siberian wildrye, wheatgrass, lyme grass.Leguminous forage
Seed includes vetch, Medicago ruthenica, Lespedeza davurica.
Embodiment 3
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure is present embodiments provided, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, judges grassland vegetation and soil degradation degree.Grassland degeneration grade is moved back for moderate
Change, carrying out artificial promotion to meadow repairs.
It is artificial promote to repair include loosen the soil, L. chinensis, sod cutting, grassland fertilization, oversowing, meadow after-culture and poison
Evil grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.
It loosens the soil to meadow, is loosened the soil using band-like, line-spacing 20cm, pine soil depth 10cm is advisable.
6 are pressed using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer:4:1:2 mass ratio is to degeneration meadow
It applies fertilizer.
After-culture is carried out to meadow after fertilising.Mixed seeding is carried out by pulse family and grass family, mixed seeding weight includes graminous pasture
Seed 75% and Leguminous grass seed 25%.Graminous pasture seed includes sheep's hay, sand ground bromegrass, wheatgrass, lyme grass.Pulse family is herded
Grass seed includes vetch, Medicago ruthenica, oblique stem Radix Astragali.
After-culture is carried out to meadow.Root system of plant should unfold when after-culture answers consolidation with earthing, depending on different shrubs, fruticuli, grass
This type selects different spacings, and general line-spacing 50cm~100cm, spacing in the rows 30cm~50cm are advisable.
Degeneration meadow is carried out poisoning grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.
Embodiment 4
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure is present embodiments provided, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, judges grassland vegetation and soil degradation degree.Grassland degeneration grade is moved back for severe
Change, meadow is sealed and is rebuild.
Degeneration meadow is sealed and is closed, under no human interference, grass seeds is selected to be planted with pioneer collocation,
Meadow is set to grow new Plantlet formation phytobiocoenose.
Embodiment 5
A kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure is present embodiments provided, including：
The meadow of degeneration is monitored, judges grassland vegetation degree of degeneration.Grassland degeneration grade is extreme degradation, to grass
Ground is sealed, manually promotes repair and reconstruction.
Degeneration meadow is sealed and is closed, is loosened the soil to meadow, is loosened the soil using band-like, line-spacing 20cm~40cm, pine
Native depth 10cm~15cm is advisable.
5 are pressed using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer:4:1:1 mass ratio is to degeneration meadow
It applies fertilizer.
Meadow is comprehensively sowed after fertilising.Mixed seeding is carried out by pulse family and grass family, mixed seeding weight includes grass
Section grass seed 80% and Leguminous grass seed 20%.Graminous pasture seed includes sheep's hay, siberian wildrye, wheatgrass, lyme grass, sheep
Thatch relies grass, Leymus racemosus, sand ground bromegrass and Poa sphondylodes.Leguminous grass seed includes vetch, Lespedeza davurica, flat Mu
Beans, oblique stem Radix Astragali, prairie milk vetch, clover, Medicago varia and Herba Oxytropis Myriophyllae.
Degeneration meadow is carried out poisoning grass, the plague of rats, insect pest are prevented and kill off.
After 3 years to be repaired, reparation evaluation is carried out to the meadow of Examples 1 to 5 reparation, evaluation is carried out by such as table 2, as a result such as
Table 3：
Repair Assessment for classification and graded index in 2 degeneration meadow of table
3 Assessment for classification of table
As shown in Table 3, the meadow of the degeneration meadow restorative procedure reparation provided by Examples 1 to 5 is obtained for preferably
Reparation.The concrete condition on meadow is targetedly repaired so that the repairing effect on degeneration meadow is more excellent, is close to original
There are Grassland ecological functions and production function.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The reality of the present invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of degeneration meadow restorative procedure, which is characterized in that including：
Degeneration meadow is monitored, judges the vegetation on the degeneration meadow and the degree of degeneration of soil；
Any one in near-nature forest reparation, artificial promotion reparation and reconstruction or at least two are carried out to the degeneration meadow.
2. degeneration meadow according to claim 1 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that the near-nature forest reparation includes：By institute
The closing of degeneration meadow is stated, under no human interference, is bred and is repaired using degeneration meadow itself seed bank, put in turn
It herds.
3. degeneration meadow according to claim 1 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that the artificial promotion reparation includes：
It is loosened the soil to the degeneration meadow, one or both of L. chinensis；
It is applied fertilizer to the degeneration meadow using organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, trace element and compound fertilizer；
By annual and perennial, pulse family and grass family, deep root type and shallow root type, light type and light-resistant collocating principle, selection
Grass seeds carries out after-culture and mixed seeding；
When the degeneration meadow is difficult to seminal propagation or slower seminal propagation, after-culture is carried out to the degeneration meadow.
4. degeneration meadow according to claim 3 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that loosen the soil and loosen the soil to be band-like, loosen the soil line-spacing
For 20~40cm, pine soil depth is 10~15cm.
5. degeneration meadow according to claim 3 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that L. chinensis is ploughed to be band-like, and bandwidth is
25~35m, the spacing between are 5m.
6. degeneration meadow according to claim 5 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that ploughing depth is 10~15cm.
7. degeneration meadow according to claim 3 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that be first planted when after-culture, using band
Shape is planted, and bandwidth is 4~6m, and band spacing is 10m.
8. degeneration meadow according to claim 1 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that root system of plant should unfold when after-culture, cover
Soil answers consolidation, and the line-spacing of after-culture is 50~100cm.
9. degeneration meadow according to claim 8 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that spacing in the rows is 30~50cm when after-culture.
10. degeneration meadow according to claim 1 restorative procedure, which is characterized in that reconstruction includes：Select grass seeds and pioneer
Species collocation is planted.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN110115201A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-13 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | A kind of after-culture method being suitable for Tibet heavy-degraded meadow |
| CN111802015A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-23 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for restoring degraded grassland vegetation by hole-making technology |
| CN112314139A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-05 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving grassland productivity |
| CN114026987A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method and device for improving grassland to be improved in field |
| CN114557239A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-05-31 | 青海省草原改良试验站 | Method for repairing degraded grassland by mixed seeding of standing grains and beans |
| CN114642146A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Ecological restoration method for reseeding deteriorated grassland |
| CN115362783A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-22 | 忻州师范学院 | Subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method |
| CN116138113A (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-05-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Degraded grassland vegetation restoration method for forestry planting |
| CN116210536A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-06-06 | 宁夏大学 | Method for diagnosing and repairing grassland degradation of arid and semiarid region and complementary sowing |
| CN117716942A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-03-19 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for restoring degraded grassland in implanted mode |
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| CN110115201A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-13 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 | A kind of after-culture method being suitable for Tibet heavy-degraded meadow |
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| CN114642146A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Ecological restoration method for reseeding deteriorated grassland |
| CN115362783A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-22 | 忻州师范学院 | Subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method |
| CN115362783B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-12-22 | 忻州师范学院 | Ecological restoration and treatment method for subalpine meadow |
| CN116210536A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-06-06 | 宁夏大学 | Method for diagnosing and repairing grassland degradation of arid and semiarid region and complementary sowing |
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