CN103636379A - Method for shrub and grass three-dimensional configuration recovery for barren mountains of semi-arid region - Google Patents
Method for shrub and grass three-dimensional configuration recovery for barren mountains of semi-arid region Download PDFInfo
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- CN103636379A CN103636379A CN201310600870.8A CN201310600870A CN103636379A CN 103636379 A CN103636379 A CN 103636379A CN 201310600870 A CN201310600870 A CN 201310600870A CN 103636379 A CN103636379 A CN 103636379A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for shrub and grass three-dimensional configuration recovery for barren mountains of a semi-arid region and belongs to the technical field of shrub and grass recovery building. According to the method, a sparse configuration mode of first planting grass and then planting shrubs and first performing closing and then performing building is adopted for barren mountain slope vegetation recovery treatment. The method comprises a first step of taking natural closing recovery as the principal thing under the condition that the original vegetation coverage is larger than 40%; a second step of taking closing and improvement as the principal thing under the condition that the vegetation coverage is 30%-40%, and improving (gentle slope) wide-band narrow-row shrub and grass sparse cultivation; a third step of taking closing and building as the principal thing under the condition that the vegetation coverage is smaller than 30%, and building (abrupt slope) narrow-band wide-row shrub and grass sparse cultivation. The method is simple to operate, suitable for mechanical or manual operation and less in investment and takes effect quickly. The configuration method has multiple functions of quickly recovering degenerated vegetation, protecting ground original vegetation, forming a new space vegetation pattern, controlling degradation of natural grassland vegetation, improving grassland productivity and improving the ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of semiarid region deserted mountain and fill with careless stereoscopic configurations recovering method, belong to the recovery construction making method technical field that grass seeds is filled with in native soil.
Background technology
According to Cheng Jimin, write the monographs such as < < loess plateau water and soil conservation shrub > > of the chief editor China Forestry Publishing House publication such as the < < Chinese loess plateau Vegetation Construction of China Forestry Publishing House's publication and the < < Vegetation in Loess Plateau recovery of water and soil conservation > > and Science Press's publication and soil seed bank, soil seed pool > > and Zhao Jinrong.To the construction measure in the barren hill revegetation of semiarid deserted mountain of caragana microphylla golden pheasant shrub, except introducing the whole ground direct seeding forestation of horizontal rank, tree planting, the direct seeding forestation of whole ground, fish scale pit, tree planting and ridging are buried outside the technical measures such as seedling afforestation method, have also introduced other afforestation technology methods.In degeneration revegetation, fill with aspect careless revegetation, for improving deserted mountain barren hill Its Eco-economic Benefit, solve woods grass contradiction and deserted mountain and administer the not good practical problem of effect, at home and abroad Ji Huangshang has carried out in district large-scale spinney construction, external spinney is built and be take Atyiplex canescen as main, but during deserted mountain, district, most of regional Ban Yu nonirrigated farmland barren hill is administered, building method in the past, being the method for soil preparation to the comprehensive whole ground of domatic employing or half excavation, is to have destroyed ground primary (existing) vegetation and soil skinning so on the one hand; Be the wound face that has expanded soil surface on the other hand, accelerated the evaporation of soil, promoted the effective consumption of soil moisture; Its three aspects: is that whole ground of engineering cost is large, serious to original ground soil-ripening damage layer, meanwhile, has also changed former geomorphic type, has accelerated the disturbance of soil surface, easily forms rill erosion.These are all that the barren hill revegetation of semiarid deserted mountain is made slow progress, sustainable development, the outstanding problem many, that recovery effects is little, ecological recovery is difficult of spending of restriction Vegetation Construction.At present, serious domatic for degenerating at deserted mountain, semiarid zone barren hill, adopt the original vegetation in protection ground, set up and fill with the three-dimensional sparse collocation method of grass, there is not yet report.
There is following shortcoming in the technology adopting at present: (1) destroys the original vegetation and soil skinning in ground; (2) affect the storage of seed in soil seed bank, soil seed pool; (3) whole ground of engineering cost is high, destroys great efforts, easily causes new water and soil loss and ecological environment problem; (4) around newly-built shrub, turf is destroyed, and soil surface exposed surface increases, and has promoted the transition consumption of soil moisture, affects survival rate and the storage rate of shrub growth; (5) change soil structure and surperficial slaking layer, reduced fertility and the soil moisture of soil; (6) growth of shrub is owing to being subject to the impact of soil nutrient deficiency, and usually growth and natural updating ability are poor.To this, need to adopt other technologies improved and recover.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a semiarid region deserted mountain to fill with careless stereoscopic configurations recovering method, to improve semiarid zone deteriorate grassland bare slope quick recovering vegetation, the effectively conservation of soil and water, changes region environment, increases economic efficiency.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A careless stereoscopic configurations recovering method is filled with in semiarid region deserted mountain, administers the sparse configuration mode that adopts " first fill with after grass, be first honored as a queen and build " for deserted mountain barren hill revegetation, and embodiment is as follows:
(1) natural vegetation cover degree >40% reverts to master naturally to close, and does not adopt any artificial engineering measure;
(2) vegetation coverage 30～40% be take and closed+improve as main, and improvement (gentle slope) broadband narrow row is filled with careless sparse cultivation;
(3) vegetation coverage <30%, with fencing+be constructed to master, builds the careless sparse cultivation of the capable filling of (abrupt slope) narrow bandwidth.
In conjunction with country's also enforcement of woods grass engineering of degenerating, poor to deserted mountain, semi-arid region of Loess Plateau barren hill natural conditions, ecological environment frailty, artificial destruction is serious, the problem that revegetation difficulty is large, institute adopts the careless stereoscopic configurations technical system of filling as follows:
1) type of ground natural vegetation cover degree >40% is reverted to master naturally to close, do not adopt any artificial engineering measure;
2) to the type of ground vegetation coverage 30%～40% to close+to improve, improve employing broadband, the gentle slope narrow row of <15 ° and fill with careless sparse cultivation pattern: broadband is natural meadow bandwidth 5～8m, allow it naturally recover, narrow row adopts manually or machinery carries out whole ground, method of soil preparation is to build wide 1.0～1.5m along massif horizontal direction, dark 0.3m～0.4m, the horizontal rank that high outside and low outside counter-slope is 3 °～5 °, in outer, horizontal rank plantation a line shrub, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting, 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed, every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole.
3) to the type of ground vegetation coverage <30% to close+to build, the abrupt slope of building >15 ° adopts the careless sparse cultivation pattern of the capable filling of narrow bandwidth: arrowband is natural grass area 3～5m, allow it naturally recover, wide row adopts manually or machinery carries out whole ground, method of soil preparation is to build wide 2.0～3.0m along massif horizontal direction, dark 0.3m～0.4m, the horizontal rank that high outside and low outside counter-slope is 3 °～5 °, in outer, horizontal rank, plant two row shrubs, line space 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting, 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed, every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: under semi-arid region of Loess Plateau arid, heavy rain, the natural climate condition such as windy, utilize the plant of the different levels of filling with careless stereoscopic configurations can effectively reduce the domatic soil wind erosion in deserted mountain and water erosion amount.The degeneration deserted mountain barren hill of not administering with large area is compared, and soil wind erosion and water erosion amount reduce amplitude higher than 65% and 85%, and soil erosion modulus is by 5000 tons/km before configuring
2, reduce to 1000 tons/km
2, fill with careless stereoscopic configurations ground and compare and reduced by 40% with the wind speed near the ground of degeneration deserted mountain barren hill; This filling grass recovers degeneration vegetation in conjunction with collocation method and single cropping herbaceous plant compares, and Productivity has improved 6～8 times, and deteriorate grassland cover degree has improved 60%～80%.
It is simple to operate that the planting and establishing method of careless stereoscopic configurations gentle slope " a line one band ", abrupt slope " two row one bands " is filled with in this inventive method utilization, suitable mechanical or manual work, less investment, instant effect, only need set up shrub row and natural grass area in a degeneration deserted mountain barren hill minute different gradient, form and fill with careless solid space general layout, the different careless plant row band planting pattern ventilation and penetrating lights spaced apart of filling with.This collocation method possesses fast quick-recovery degeneration vegetation, and protection ground natural vegetation, forms new space vegetation pattern, controls natural meadow vegetation degeneration, the multi-functional that improves Productivity and water and soil conservation and improve the ecological environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, broadband, gentle slope narrow row is filled with careless sparse culture technology pattern diagram.
Fig. 2 is the careless sparse cultivation pattern technology pattern diagram of the capable filling of abrupt slope narrow bandwidth in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols in figure: 1, shrub; 2, natural meadow.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, on gentle slope, deserted mountain, build Caragana korshinskii shrub 1 a line, be expert at and row between be natural meadow 2, do not take any artificial jamming countermeasure, allow it naturally recover; On abrupt slope, deserted mountain, build as shown in Figure 21 liang of row of Caragana korshinskii shrub, be expert at and row between be natural meadow 2, do not take any artificial jamming countermeasure, allow it naturally recover, be specifically implemented as follows:
1. " gentle slope a line, abrupt slope two row " are shrub protection row-natural meadow recovering technology main points:
At present, enforcement in conjunction with the careless engineering of country's conceding the land to forestry, all deserted mountains barren hill that needs are administered, all on the basis of naturally closing recovery, carry out, on the gentle slope below <15 °, mainly apply domatic natural vegetation is implemented to close recovery measure, the existing natural vegetation in protection ground, then according to domatic natural feature, change, along massif horizontal direction, build level band, bandwidth 1.0～1.5m, dark 0.3m～0.4m, 3 °～5 ° of high outside and low outside counter-slopes, in level band outer plantation a line shrub, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting, 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed, every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole, it between band and band, is row, line space is 5～8m.On more than >15 ° abrupt slope; mainly apply domatic natural vegetation is implemented to close recovery measure; the existing natural vegetation in protection ground; then according to domatic natural feature, change; along massif horizontal direction, build level band; bandwidth 2.0m, dark 0.3m～0.4m, 3 °～5 ° of high outside and low outside counter-slopes; in level band outer, plant two row shrubs; line-spacing 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting; 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed; every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole, between band and band, are row, and line space is 3～5m.Object is retain and alleviate rainwash, the conservation of soil and water, the savings of promotion Soil Reservoir moisture.
2. " band " is that natural meadow recovers band---no-tillage natural remediation:
In governance process, on the gentle slope below <15 ° and more than >15 ° abrupt slope, row and the natural meadow zone of vegetation between capable are adopted to comprehensive Closing Measures, no-tillagely allow it naturally recover.
3. stump rejuvenation technique: Caragana korshinskii shrub grows into more than 5 years in loess plateau, does not start degradation if do not cradle stump utilization, the ability that growth and breeding upgrades weakens, and therefore must carry out stump, and its quick rejuvenation is upgraded.According to the plantation experience of Caragana korshinskii shrub, stump was carried out one time in suggestion every 2 years, and height to be cut is controlled at below 5cm, was conducive to branch and sprouted, and the suitable stump phase is Qiu Mo or early spring.After stump, branch amount then improves 75% than stump not, and plant strain growth height improves 58%, and biomass improves 3～5 times.Be good cattle and sheep high quality grass, protein content is 13.2% in the trophophase.
4. other Attention Points: during Caragana korshinskii shrub bunch planting planting, the larger free from extraneous odour of seed, easily suffers taking food of birds and muroid, must carry out the drug treating of soil or seed, guarantee full stand while therefore sowing.To push up native ability stronger for seed in addition, during sowing, will strictly control the amount of broadcasting.Bunch planting seedling growth speed is slow, is subject to the interference of weeds.Therefore, should strengthen management for a long time and uproot in time weeds removing.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a careless stereoscopic configurations recovering method is filled with in semiarid region deserted mountain, it is characterized in that: for deserted mountain barren hill revegetation, administer the sparse configuration mode that adopts " first fill with after grass, be first honored as a queen and build ", embodiment is as follows:
(1) natural vegetation cover degree >40% reverts to master naturally to close;
(2) vegetation coverage 30～40% be take and closed+improve as main, and improvement (gentle slope) broadband narrow row is filled with careless sparse cultivation;
(3) vegetation coverage <30%, with fencing+be constructed to master, builds the careless sparse cultivation of the capable filling of (abrupt slope) narrow bandwidth.
2. careless stereoscopic configurations recovering method is filled with in semiarid region according to claim 1 deserted mountain, it is characterized in that: the careless stereoscopic configurations technical system of described filling is as follows:
1) type of ground natural vegetation cover degree >40% is reverted to master naturally to close;
2) to the type of ground vegetation coverage 30%～40% to close+to improve, improve employing broadband, the gentle slope narrow row of <15 ° and fill with careless sparse cultivation pattern: broadband is natural meadow bandwidth 5～8m, allow it naturally recover, narrow row adopts manually or machinery carries out whole ground, method of soil preparation is to build wide 1.0～1.5m along massif horizontal direction, dark 0.3m～0.4m, the horizontal rank that high outside and low outside counter-slope is 3 °～5 °, in outer, horizontal rank plantation a line shrub, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting, 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed, every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole,
3) to the type of ground vegetation coverage <30% to close+to build, the abrupt slope of building >15 ° adopts the careless sparse cultivation pattern of the capable filling of narrow bandwidth: arrowband is natural grass area 3～5m, allow it naturally recover, wide row adopts manually or machinery carries out whole ground, method of soil preparation is to build wide 2.0～3.0m along massif horizontal direction, dark 0.3m～0.4m, the horizontal rank that high outside and low outside counter-slope is 3 °～5 °, in outer, horizontal rank, plant two row shrubs, line space 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.3m, shrub plantation adopts bunch planting or hole method for planting, 3～5, every cave of bunch planting seed, every hole 2 young plants are planted in hole.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103988684A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-20 | 永升建设集团有限公司 | Desert dry and semi-dry turf transplantation and re-laying method suitable for roadbed construction |
| CN105340666A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Species disposition method for construction of economic ecological forest in drought area |
| CN105493828A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-04-20 | 安庆师范学院 | Method for rapid recovery of plants in barren mountain |
| CN108739092A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Degeneration meadow restorative procedure |
| CN108770407A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-09 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of desert oasis region degeneration bubble thorn artificial restorative procedure of sand drift |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103988684A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-20 | 永升建设集团有限公司 | Desert dry and semi-dry turf transplantation and re-laying method suitable for roadbed construction |
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| CN108739092A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Degeneration meadow restorative procedure |
| CN108770407A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-09 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | A kind of desert oasis region degeneration bubble thorn artificial restorative procedure of sand drift |
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