CN115362783A - Subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method - Google Patents
Subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115362783A CN115362783A CN202211077300.0A CN202211077300A CN115362783A CN 115362783 A CN115362783 A CN 115362783A CN 202211077300 A CN202211077300 A CN 202211077300A CN 115362783 A CN115362783 A CN 115362783A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a subalpine meadow ecological restoration management method, which is used for carrying out combined restoration on a subalpine meadow ecological system by adopting a combined matching implementation mode of mainly adopting an artificial promotion restoration mode and assisting in near-natural restoration protection. Particularly, in the process of artificially promoting restoration, aiming at the ecological characteristics of the subalpine meadow, through artificial optimization, the mixed grass seeds consisting of bluegrass, festuca arundinacea and sedge are additionally sown, so that the degradation trend of the subalpine meadow can be quickly twisted, the local grassland ecological system can be restored, the grassland ecological system tends to be stable, the service function of the grassland ecological system is restored, the deterioration of the ecological environment is relieved, the balance of the ecological system is maintained, the natural resources and the biodiversity are protected, and the virtuous cycle of the ecological system and the continuous utilization of the natural resources are realized. Meanwhile, toxic weeds weakening the fertility of meadow soil are removed by adopting a slow-release weeding technology designed based on a slow-release carrier in the repairing process, so that secondary growth of the toxic weeds is avoided, and labor is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration treatment method for subalpine meadows.
Background
The subalpine is a term which has no absolute elevation limitation, belongs to the concept of geophytology and has the meaning of specific vegetation. The subalpine meadow is a vegetation type mainly comprising perennial herbaceous plants, and is a meadow community which takes cold-resistant bulk grass, sedge and grass as the established plants. Subalpine meadows are distributed in the upper boundary of mountain forests, about 2000-3500 meters in the west and northwest of China, and about 1500-2500 meters in caucasian and middle Asia. Subalpine meadows are widely distributed around the world, mainly in the french alpine mountains in europe, the inland and rocky mountain subalpine zones in north america, and the eastern, western and transection asian himalaya mountains. Such grassland is mainly a luxuriant and large grass plant, which is contaminated with many dicotyledonous plants. Most plants are perennial, middle-living plants, because of the considerable thickness of snow in winter, which is slightly warmer in temperature. The grass is 2-3 m high, a short herbaceous layer is arranged under the grass, and the soil surface is covered with moss groundcover.
Subalpine meadows, as an important grassland ecosystem type, have important ecological functions of climate regulation, biodiversity maintenance, water and soil loss prevention, feed supply for grazing livestock, nutrient element circulation regulation and the like. In recent years, subalpine meadow ecosystems have degraded to varying degrees under the influence of multiple factors such as global changes and man-made interference. Plant population changes, biodiversity declines, productivity declines, vegetation coverage diminishes, grass population in the grassland system degenerates, and the number of toxic and harmful grass populations increases. The grassland plants become short, inferior, rare and other characteristics, the grassland vegetation succession process is aggravated, the soil erosion is serious, the water and soil loss is aggravated, the inherent balance is lost after the structure of the grassland ecosystem is destroyed, and the function decline and the restoration capacity of the ecosystem are weakened. Therefore, under the dual influence of artificial interference and climate change such as grazing, how to maintain and improve subalpine meadow class meadow productivity, how to accelerate the recovery of degradation meadow ecosystem and protect biological diversity, and then coordinate and plan ecological civilization construction and social economic development comprehensively, this is the theoretical and realistic problem that needs to solve in the research of present subalpine meadow ecosystem urgently.
At present, for the restoration and treatment of a subalpine meadow, only a patent CN107593020A discloses a method for vegetation restoration of an ecological system of the subalpine meadow, which utilizes a soil sampling tool to firstly carry out soil layering stripping on an undamaged land block in a restoration area, strip a soil layer in the stripping area within the range of 5-10cm, cover the surface layer of the damaged area with residual roots, gravel and other substances, well cover the surface of the covered area with moisture preservation, and accelerate the soil structure of the damaged area and vegetation restoration by utilizing a seed bank and artificial supplement seed sources remained in the soil layer. And (4) implementing in-situ restoration on the surface soil stripped in advance, and restoring the integrity of the soil-taking land parcel by combining with proper microtopography remediation. The method effectively solves the problem of damage to the structure and function of the original system caused by the heterogeneity of the repairing material in the ecological system repairing, can effectively reduce the dependence on the foreign soil in the repairing work, and has the characteristics of wide material source, simple operation and the like. However, the method has a single repairing mode, experimental data of repairing effect are not disclosed, and reference value is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a subalpine meadow ecological restoration management method, which is used for carrying out combined restoration on a subalpine meadow ecological system by adopting a combined matching implementation mode of mainly adopting an artificial promotion restoration mode and assisting near-natural restoration protection. Particularly, in the process of artificially promoting restoration, aiming at the ecological characteristics of the subalpine meadow, the mixed weed seeds consisting of the bluegrass, the fescue and the sedge are subjected to artificial optimization and additional sowing, so that the degradation trend of the subalpine meadow can be quickly twisted, the local grassland ecological system can be restored, the grassland ecological system tends to be stable, the service function of the grassland ecological system is restored, the deterioration of the ecological environment is slowed down, the balance of the ecological system is maintained, the natural resources and the biodiversity are protected, and the virtuous cycle of the ecological system and the continuous utilization of the natural resources are realized. Meanwhile, toxic weeds weakening the fertility of meadow soil are removed by adopting a slow-release weeding technology designed based on a slow-release carrier in the repairing process, so that the secondary growth of the toxic weeds is avoided, and the labor force is saved.
The subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, ground processing: carrying out hauling on good soil suitable for growing of the subalpine grass seeds to cover damaged areas of the subalpine meadow, utilizing measures such as straw ropes, straw curtains and woven bags convenient for soil layer fixation to carry out net-forming and soil-fixing, manually recovering the soil layer, then flattening the bare spot ground, and carrying out clearing and transporting on waste garbage stones;
step two, moving the grass in the forest to the outside of the forest for repairing: taking small blocks with root-bearing soil from the vacant land of the sparse land around the damaged area of the subalpine meadow, stripping the meadow blocks, and moving the meadow blocks nearby to the damaged area of the subalpine meadow for cultivation;
step three, reseeding: replanting mixed grass seeds in a damaged area of a subalpine meadow, loosening and scratching the sowing ground before sowing, lightly raking and pressing after replanting, irrigating in time and permeating water for one time, wherein the mixed grass seeds consist of bluegrass, festuca arundinacea and sedge;
step four, removing toxic weeds: preparing a slow-release herbicide consisting of fluroxypyr and a slow-release carrier, wherein the mass percent of the fluroxypyr in the slow-release herbicide is 18%, the surface layer of the soil in the damaged area of the subalpine meadow is sprayed according to the using amount of 85-105ml per mu, toxic weeds weakening the fertility of the meadow soil are removed, after 72 hours, the subalpine meadow seeds are re-sown according to the mode of the third step, and the surface soil is backfilled in time;
step five, fertilization: uniformly spraying a fertilizer on a sunny windless day by using a pesticide sprayer, and subsequently applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to the growth condition of the grassland;
step six, irrigation: watering and irrigating once after each reseeding of grass seeds, and watering once every ten days according to the weather condition;
seventhly, managing and protecting: after the repairing construction operation, the detachable net fence is adopted to perform enclosure and restricted grazing along the manual movement and grazing frequent area of the operation area.
In a preferred embodiment, the soil covering thickness in the first step is 5-10cm.
As a preferred embodiment, the area of the grass stripping block in the second step is less than 0.25m 2 And the cutting block distance is more than 1.5m.
In a preferred embodiment, the mixing proportion of the bluegrass, the fescue and the sedge in the mixed grass seeds in the step three is 4.
As a preferred embodiment, the sustained-release carrier in step four is prepared by the following method: mixing 0.3-0.5% of alpha-cyclodextrin, 0.05-0.1% of polyacrylamide and 0.8-1% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in equal volume, introducing nitrogen at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ and continuously stirring for 4-6h, and then filtering and drying the mixed solution to obtain the slow-release carrier.
As a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the fluroxypyr to the slow release carrier in the slow release herbicide in the fourth step is 3-5:1.
As a preferred embodiment, the poison grass in step four is Bidens bipinnata caragana and Cynara komarovii.
In a preferred embodiment, the fertilizer in the fifth step is 1000 times of the liquid of the farmyard manure.
The basic conditions of the plant varieties related to the subalpine meadow ecological restoration and treatment are as follows:
poa annua L is a grass of Poaceae a premature grass is an annual or winter grass plant. The stalk is upright or inclined, has soft quality and height of 30 cm, and is smooth and unhaired. The leaf sheath is slightly flattened, the leaf blade is flat or folded, the texture is soft, transverse veins are frequent, the top end is sharp and the tip is boat-shaped, and the edge is slightly rough. The panicle is wide egg shape, spikelet egg shape, small flower, green; thin glume, oval shape of lemma, wide membranous substance on top and edge, yellow anther, spindle-shaped caryopsis, blossoming in 4-5 months, and fruiting in 6-7 months. The distribution is in China, and Europe, asia and North America are distributed. The lawn grows on the plains and hills with the altitude of 100-4800 m, and is used for lawn, field ditches or shaded barren slope wetlands.
The Festuca arundinacea (Festuca rubra L.) is a gramineae, perennial herbaceous plant of the subclass Festuca, sparse or dense-clumped, upright stem, hairless, as high as 70 cm, rough leaf sheath, flat-cut leaf tongue, folded leaf or inward-curled edge, thin and flat, developed flowering period, rough branch, light green or dark purple spikelet, smooth or slightly rough glume back, narrow membrane texture at the edge, needle-shaped first narrow spike, needle-shaped second broad spike, smooth or rough or shoddy at the back of the husk, nearly equal length of the inward husk, and flowering and fruiting in 6-9 months. Is distributed in most areas of Heilongjiang, jilin, liaoning, hebei, inner Mongolia, shanxi, shaanxi, gansu, xinjiang, qinghai, southwest and China. There are also distribution in the northern hemisphere temperate zone. Growing on hilly grassland, high mountain meadow, river beach, roadside, shrub, under forest, etc. with elevation of 600-4500 m.
Carex, i.e., a carex, is a plant of the genus Carex of the family Cyperaceae. Perennial herbaceous plants with underground rhizomes, fasciculate stalks or scattered stalks, triangular prisms, linear leaves, thin needles and triangular prisms of small nuts are wrapped in fruit sacs. About 2000 plants in the world and about 500 plants in the genus of bryozoan in China. The main ornamental parts of the carex plants are leaves and plant types, the colors and the shapes of the leaves are rich and colorful, and the leaves are in various green colors from dark to light, and are also blue, yellow, orange, brown and the like; compact plant type, low height and beautiful shape. The inflorescence is very small and has little ornamental value.
The subalpine meadow ecological restoration and treatment method has the following action mechanism in part:
near-nature remediation includes: enclosure of rearing, prohibition of grazing, rest of grazing, rotation of grazing and the like. Artificially promoting repair comprises: harrowing, cutting, root cutting, reseeding, shallow ploughing, fertilizing, pest and mouse control, toxic grass control, comprehensive repair and the like. The method combines a near-natural restoration mode and an artificial promotion restoration mode, and consolidates the artificial promotion restoration result through near-natural restoration, thereby realizing multi-directional and integrated ecological restoration management of the subalpine meadow.
The poa annua is a common main grass seed in a subalpine meadow area, the festuca arundinacea is a common main grass seed in a loess hilly area, the sedge is a common dominant grass seed in a mountain shrub grassland and a sparse grassland, the three herbaceous plants do not occupy a main position in a subalpine meadow ecological system, but in the ecological restoration process, a mixed grass seed consisting of the three herbaceous plants is additionally sown in a damaged area, the grass seeds can be quickly planted on the ground surface with serious water and soil loss due to the mutual growth promotion effect among the herbaceous plants, water and soil are gradually maintained, the fertility of the damaged soil is strengthened, a competitive growth relationship is formed with toxic grass which forms a cluster advantage, the restoration growth of high-quality herbage polygonum bulbophyllum, pinus majus, wormwood, lonicera spinosa, lonicera blumea balsamifera and the like is promoted, and the ecological restoration management of the subalpine meadow in an original ecology and a quick in-situ is realized.
In the damaged area of the subalpine meadow, due to excessive grazing of the grassland by human beings for a long time, excessive grazing ways with different sizes and depths are formed, and excessive ingestion of livestock causes the advantages of clusters such as high-quality pasture polygonum bulbiferum, broad bean, wormwood and the like to be continuously reduced, and the clusters are replaced by herbaceous plants with poor palatability such as caragana phalloidea, potentilla anserine and Plantago asiatica, so that the soil fertility of the meadow is weakened. Therefore, on the basis of reseeding mixed grass seeds, the slow-release weeding technology is adopted to remove toxic grass weakening the soil fertility of the meadow, and the subalpine meadow grass seeds are reseeded after removal, so that the repairing and governing effect is further improved.
In the damaged area of the subalpine meadow, the soil fertility is low, which is not beneficial to the growth and development of plants. The fertilizer can improve the soil nutrition status, is beneficial to the growth and development of plants and improves the grass quality.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method adopts a combined and matched implementation mode which mainly adopts an artificial promotion restoration mode and assists in near-natural restoration protection to carry out ecological restoration treatment on the subalpine meadow, thereby ensuring the restoration effect, restraining the deterioration tendency of the subalpine meadow, improving the production grass amount, obviously improving the grass group structure, gradually stabilizing the plant community and realizing virtuous cycle of a meadow ecological system.
In the artificial restoration process, the mode of moving grass in the forest to the outside of the forest is adopted, so that the microbial community in the soil layer of the damaged area of the subalpine meadow is restored, the growth of the follow-up reseeding grass seeds is facilitated, the indirect effect of promoting the natural seeding and updating of the forest stand is achieved, and the completeness and the hierarchy of restoration are further consolidated.
The method adopts the mixed grass seeds consisting of the bluegrass, the fescue and the sedge to reseed the damaged area of the subalpine meadow, can be quickly rooted on the ground surface with serious water and soil loss, gradually maintain water and soil, strengthen the fertility of the damaged soil, form a competitive growth relationship with toxic grass forming the advantages of a cluster, promote the recovery growth of high-quality pasture polygonum bulbiferum, pinus alternatus bunge, wormwood, lonicera hypoglauca and the like, and realize the original ecology and in-situ quick ecological restoration management of the subalpine meadow.
The invention adopts alpha-cyclodextrin, polyacrylamide and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate to prepare the slow release carrier, utilizes the hydrophobic cavity of the alpha-cyclodextrin, cooperates with the charge effect of the polyacrylamide and is assisted with the stabilizing effect of the disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, so that the effective component fluroxypyr in the slow release herbicide can be maintained to be released for a long time, the secondary growth of toxic and harmful grass is avoided, and the labor force is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1 remediation of degraded subalpine meadow areas
Selecting a rock head countryside Changtong village meadow area in the breeding counties of Xinzhou city, shanxi province as an implementation area of the subalpine meadow ecological restoration treatment method. The area belongs to a high-medium mountain area with five degraded and broken blocks of mountains, the altitude is 2400-2600m, and the landform is mainly a soil-rock mountain. The mountaintop in the area has high altitude, low air temperature, flat terrain, typical ice-edge landform, and belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate, and the mountaintop is clear in four seasons, cold in winter, dry and windy in spring, concentrated in rainfall in summer, and short and clear in autumn. The annual average temperature difference is 6-8 ℃, the annual precipitation is 500-650mm, and the frost-free period is 130 days.
The area has a large-area grassland degradation area, and the formation reasons mainly comprise natural factors and artificial factors. The natural factors are mainly due to the influence of natural factors and weather conditions, and large surface runoff is generated by rainwater erosion and scours the surface, so that water and soil loss is caused, and even rocks are exposed. Human factors are mainly due to economic development, excessive grazing of grasslands by human beings, and the phenomenon of excessive grazing of subalpine meadows is very common and serious for a long time, so that excessive ingestion of livestock causes the advantages of clusters such as high-quality pasture polygonum bulbiferum, old mango wheat and the like to be continuously reduced and replaced by herb plants with poor palatability such as caragana phalloidea, potentilla anserine, plantago and the like, the problem of excessive grazing is not fundamentally solved, and the meadows basically cannot have the opportunity of resting and keeping life.
Selecting a grassland degraded area with the area of 2000 mu (the vegetation coverage is lower than 80%) to implement ecological restoration and treatment according to the following modes:
(1) Aiming at bare spots caused by factors such as natural water erosion and erosion, artificial movement, grazing and the like in a grassland degradation area, good soil suitable for growing of subalpine grass seeds is hauled to cover the area, the covering thickness is 5-10cm, measures such as grass ropes, grass curtains and woven bags which are convenient for soil layer fixation are utilized to carry out net netting and soil fixation, the soil layer is recovered manually, the growing conditions are recovered, then the bare spots are leveled on the ground, and waste garbage and stone are cleared and transported.
(2) Taking small blocks with root zone soil from open space of sparse land around grassland degraded area, stripping grass blocks, moving to damaged area of subalpine meadow nearby for cultivation, wherein the area of stripped grass blocks is less than 0.25m 2 The distance between the blocks is larger than 1.5m, so that the indirect effect of promoting the natural planting and updating of forest stands is facilitated, and the natural recovery of meadows in the forest is ensured.
(3) The mixed grass seeds are additionally sown in the grassland degradation area, the error between the actual sowing width and the designed sowing width is not more than 10%, and the miss-sowing area is not more than 10% of the sowing area. Before sowing, the sowing ground is subjected to harrowing and scratching treatment, after reseeding, light harrowing and pressing treatment are carried out, and watering is carried out once for water permeation. The mixed grass seeds are composed of bluegrass, fescue and sedge, the mixed ratio is 4. The quality of the purchased seeds reaches more than the third-level standard (the execution standard of the purity and the germination rate of the seeds is GB 6142-1985) regulated by the state, and the quality inspection report of the seeds and the two certificates with one signature are provided by a seed quality inspection department, and the qualification rate of the spot check reaches 100 percent. The seed falling position is accurate during sowing, and the error between the average seed falling density and the designed seed falling number is not more than 20%. Specifically, the sowing is carried out before the rainy season comes, the sowing is carried out from the first ten days of 6 months to the last 7 months, and all sowing tasks are completed before the bottom of 7 months. Watering and irrigating once after reseeding the grass seeds.
(4) Preparing a slow-release herbicide consisting of fluroxypyr and a slow-release carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the fluroxypyr to the slow-release carrier is 3:1, the mass percentage of the fluroxypyr in the slow-release herbicide is 18%, spraying the fluroxypyr on the surface layer of the soil in the subalpine meadow damaged area according to the dosage of 95ml per mu, removing the caragana cinerea and the thistle which are toxic and harmful to the meadow soil fertility, replanting the subalpine meadow seeds again according to the mode of the third step after 72 hours, and backfilling the surface soil in time. Watering and irrigating once after the replanting of the grass seeds.
The sustained-release carrier is prepared by the following method: mixing 0.5% by mass of alpha-cyclodextrin, 0.1% by mass of polyacrylamide and 1% by mass of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in equal volume, introducing nitrogen at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ and continuously stirring for 5 hours, and then filtering and drying the mixed solution to obtain the slow release carrier.
(5) The soil fertility in the grassland degeneration area is low, which is not beneficial to the growth and development of plants. The fertilizer can improve the soil nutrition condition, is beneficial to the growth and development of plants and improves the grass group quality. Preparing 1000 times of liquid of farmyard manure, uniformly spraying the farmyard manure on a sunny and windless day by using a pesticide sprayer, and then applying phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to the growth condition of the grassland.
(6) According to the weather condition, water is poured every ten days.
(7) Managing and protecting: after the repairing construction operation, the detachable net fence is adopted to perform enclosure and restricted grazing along the manual movement and grazing frequent area of the operation area. And (4) performing the technical regulation of grassland fence construction NY/T1237-2006 on fence construction. Meanwhile, 30 popular science warning boards and 2 large-scale identification boards are embedded at the core striking position in the restoration construction operation area, so that the natural ecological protection consciousness of people around the restoration construction operation area is improved. And 3 management and protection personnel are dispatched to carry out management and protection work on the repair construction operation area. The marker tablet is 2.5m long and 1.2m wide and is made of double-sided optometry aluminum plates. The warning board is 0.8m long by 0.6m wide, and the material is two-sided optometry aluminum plate.
Example 2 analysis of ecological characteristics before and after restoration and treatment of degraded areas in subalpine meadow
Respectively selecting 5 1m multiplied by 1m samples in the grassland degraded area with the area of 2000 mu before and after restoration, and then randomly selecting 5 1m multiplied by 1m samples in the non-degraded area adjacent to the samples, wherein the distance between the samples is more than 50m, and selecting 15 small samples for sampling. In each sample prescription, 0-10cm of surface soil is sampled by a diagonal multi-point mixed sampling method and mixed into one sample. The soil sample was passed through a 2mm screen to remove most of the roots, animals and stones. The samples were then air dried for physical and chemical analysis.
Relevant parameters for physicochemical analysis: soil Available Phosphorus (AP) was determined by the molybdenum blue method, soil available potassium (AK) was determined by flame spectrometry, and soil volume weight (Bulk density) was determined by the methods of Lampurlanes and Cantero-Martinez (Lampurlanes J, crown-Martinez C. Soil Bulk density and specificity and reactivity systems and the relationship with free root growth [ J ] method]Agron J,2003,95 (3): 526-36.). Measuring the water content (SWC) of the soil by a drying method; a portable soil parameter detector (HA-TR-III, china) is used for measuring the soil conductivity (EC); the pH of the soil was measured by potentiometric method (HANNA, italy) (soil to water ratio 1; total Carbon (TC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) were determined by an elemental analyzer (Elementar variao macroro, germany); measuring total organic matters (SOM) of the soil by adopting a K2Cr2O7 oxidation method; ammonium nitrogen (NH 4) + -N)Nitrate Nitrogen (NO) 3- -N), nitrous Nitrogen (NO) 2- -N) was determined using a discontinuous element analyzer (CleverChem 380, germany). The results of the above measurements are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis results of soil physicochemical Properties
As can be seen from the analysis results in Table 1, the soil Available Phosphorus (AP), the soil available potassium (AK), the conductivity (EC), the Total Nitrogen (TN), and the nitrate Nitrogen (NO) in the undegraded meadows, the degraded meadows before restoration, and the restored retrograded meadows 3- -N) and nitrous Nitrogen (NO) 2- -N) not significantly different (P)>0.05). And after a complete restoration period, restoring the soil volume weight, soil Water Content (SWC), pH value, total Carbon (TC), soil Organic Matter (SOM) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4) of the retrograded meadow + -N) has significant changes from pre-repair degraded meadows, close to non-degraded meadows.
Therefore, the ecological characteristic analysis before and after the restoration treatment of the degraded area of the subalpine meadow shows that the ecological restoration treatment method of the subalpine meadow has the advantages of the degraded meadow of soil volume weight, soil Water Content (SWC), pH value, total Carbon (TC), soil Organic Matter (SOM) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4) + N) has a significant enhancing effect, enabling the portions of the subalpine meadow that have undergone a complete repair cycle to recover, with significant variability, indices close to those before non-degradation.
From the aspect of field treatment effect, after a complete repair period and the maintenance of a subsequent repair area of nearly two years, the rocky rural Zechantang village meadow area of the county of the Mingzhou city of Shanxi province is effectively treated and repaired, the meadow vegetation is restored, the degradation momentum of the grassland vegetation in the project area is restrained, the coverage and the production grassland vegetation are improved, the grassland structure is obviously improved, the plant community is gradually stabilized, and the grassland ecosystem realizes virtuous cycle.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in the examples by way of general illustration, specific embodiments and experiments, it is to be understood that modifications and improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A subalpine meadow ecological restoration management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, ground processing: carrying out hauling on good soil suitable for growing of the subalpine grass seeds to cover damaged areas of the subalpine meadow, utilizing measures such as straw ropes, straw curtains and woven bags convenient for soil layer fixation to carry out net-forming and soil-fixing, manually recovering the soil layer, then flattening the bare spot ground, and carrying out clearing and transporting on waste garbage stones;
step two, moving the grass in the forest to the outside of the forest for repairing: taking small blocks with root-bearing soil from the vacant land of the sparse land around the damaged area of the subalpine meadow, stripping the meadow blocks, and moving the meadow blocks nearby to the damaged area of the subalpine meadow for cultivation;
step three, reseeding: replanting mixed grass seeds in a damaged area of a subalpine meadow, loosening and scratching the sowing ground before sowing, lightly raking and pressing after replanting, irrigating in time and permeating water for one time, wherein the mixed grass seeds consist of bluegrass, festuca arundinacea and sedge;
step four, removing toxic weeds: preparing a slow release herbicide consisting of fluroxypyr and a slow release carrier, wherein the mass percent of the fluroxypyr in the slow release herbicide is 18%, the fluroxypyr is sprayed on the soil surface layer of the damaged subalpine meadow area according to the using amount of 85-105ml per mu, toxic weeds weakening the fertility of the meadow soil are removed, after 72 hours, the subalpine meadow seeds are re-sown according to the mode of the third step, and the surface soil is backfilled in time;
step five, fertilizing: uniformly spraying a fertilizer on a sunny windless day by using a pesticide sprayer, and subsequently applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer according to the growth condition of the grassland;
step six, irrigation: watering and irrigating once after reseeding grass seeds every time, and watering once every ten days according to weather conditions;
seventhly, managing and protecting: after the repairing construction operation, the detachable net fence is adopted to perform enclosure and restricted grazing along the manual movement and grazing frequent area of the operation area.
2. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration and treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the covering thickness of the fine soil in the step one is 5-10cm.
3. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration governing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the area of the grass block to be stripped is less than 0.25m 2 And the cutting block spacing is more than 1.5m.
4. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration governing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step three, the mixed proportion of the bluegrass, the fescue and the sedge in the mixed grass seeds is 4.
5. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration governing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slow release carrier in the fourth step is prepared by the following method: mixing 0.3-0.5% of alpha-cyclodextrin, 0.05-0.1% of polyacrylamide and 0.8-1% of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in equal volume, introducing nitrogen at a constant temperature of 70 ℃ and continuously stirring for 4-6h, and then filtering and drying the mixed solution to obtain the slow-release carrier.
6. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration and treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the mass ratio of fluroxypyr to slow release carrier in the slow release herbicide is 3-5:1.
7. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration governing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the toxic and harmful herbs in the fourth step are Bidens bipinnata caragana and Cynara komarovii.
8. The subalpine meadow ecological restoration governing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and the fertilizer in the fifth step is 1000 times of liquid of farmyard manure.
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