CN113475299A - Planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges - Google Patents

Abstract

A planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges comprises the specific steps of plantation selection, potato planting, retting fertilizer by using vines of the potatoes and spring tip fertilizer promotion of the oranges. The method has the advantages that the potatoes are harvested in spring for 2-4 months, the damaged potatoes and the potato vines are collected and used for composting, the composted organic fertilizer is used as the spring germination accelerating fertilizer for the oranges, the application times of the fertilizer and the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer are reduced, the additional fertilization times of the oranges are reduced, the fertilizer input cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is high, the advantages of changing waste into valuable are achieved, the germination rate of the oranges is promoted, the yield of the oranges is increased, and the unexpected technical effect is generated.

Description

Planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly belongs to a planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges.

Background

In recent years, the Guangxi citrus industry is rapidly developed, the planting area of 2016 year all over the area reaches about 600 ten thousand mu, and the area quantity of newly-added orchards is large. The planting row spacing of young fruit trees is wide, the shading area of the saplings is small, the exposed area of the ground is large, and the sunlight is sufficient. The citrus belongs to perennial economic crops, the time period from planting to putting into production is long after the full bearing period of the citrus is 5 years, only input and no output exist in the period, the economic burden of fruit growers is heavy, the growth period of winter potatoes is short (90-100 days), plants are short and small, the negative resistance is strong, the yield and the economic benefit are high, the young citrus and winter potatoes are interplanted, a planting mode of 'short-time cultivation and long-time combination' is implemented, and the planting mode is one of effective ways of agricultural synergism.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges, which aims to solve the technical problems that the economic benefit is low during the period of planting young oranges and the planting enthusiasm of fruit growers is influenced in the prior art; and solves the problems that the manual input is not easy to be too large in the young orange garden and the weeds in the orchard are clustered.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) plantation selection: selecting a plantation which is within 5 years old, has two rows of citrus tree crowns spaced by more than 1.5 meters, has deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage, is rich in organic matters, has a pH value of 5-7, is neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam, and is not planted with solanaceae crops for more than 3 years; the plantation is flat land or gentle slope land with the slope of below 15 degrees;

planting potatoes, performing wet composting by using vines of the potatoes, and applying spring tip-promoting fertilizer to citrus:

(1) variety selection: selecting a medium early-maturing potato variety which is suitable for eating or processing and has high quality, high yield, strong resistance and a growth period of 85-100 days;

(2) planting mode: interplanting potatoes in the citrus orchard, namely sowing in the last 10 th ten days of 9 months every year in autumn, and sowing in the middle and last 10 th days to the middle and last 11 months in winter;

(3) seed potato treatment: stacking the seed potatoes in advance for 30-40 days, ventilating and shading, accelerating germination at the temperature of 20 ℃, stacking the potato blocks for no more than 5 layers until 80% of the top buds of the seed potatoes have bean sizes, and performing illumination sun-drying; the whole potatoes with the weight of less than 60 g are used as seeds; cutting more than 60 grams of seed potatoes into more than 30 grams of seed potato wedges, wherein each seed potato wedge has 2-3 bud eyes; uniformly mixing the cut potato blocks with a seed dressing agent to ensure that medicinal powder is adhered to each section of the potato wedge blocks, wherein the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing plant ash or talcum powder, thiophanate methyl, agricultural streptomycin and carbendazim, and sowing can be carried out after drying in the sun for 1-5 days;

(4) land preparation: ploughing by using a small agricultural machine for 20-30 cm, and harrowing to reach the aims of leveling and fine soil; when sowing, the seeds are sowed by a row-making machine according to the specification of 40cm row width, 20 cm-25 cm depth and 40cm furrow width every 667m²More than 2000kg of fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer or 1000 kg-1500 kg of livestock and poultry manure and 50 kg-100 kg of organic compound fertilizer are applied to the potatoes, wherein 70 percent of the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer;

(5) sowing, wherein the row spacing of the planted potatoes is 80-120 cm, and each 667m of the planted potatoes is²The seeding density is 2000-2500 plants, each 667m²The using amount of the seed potatoes is 75 kg-100 kg, the seed potatoes are placed in a double-row 'pin' shape at two sides of the base fertilizer in the middle of the row, the seed potatoes are not close to the fertilizer, the sowing depth is 10 cm-15 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm-25 cm, the row spacing is 40cm,covering fine soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm after the seeds are planted, and leveling the ridge surface;

(6) covering with a black mulching film: after sowing and fertilizing, when the soil is wet, a brand-new black mulching film with the width of 1m and the thickness of 0.008cm is utilized, the black mulching film is covered on the surface of the furrow by an artificial or film laminating machine, a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film, the edge and the periphery of the film are pressed by a small amount of soil, and finely-divided soil with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm is covered on the black film by an earth covering machine so as to avoid blowing and turning over the black mulching film and facilitate the breaking of the film and soil emergence of seedlings; after covering the film with soil, wetting the film while the film is wet, and using a pre-emergence herbicide to prevent and kill weeds in the surrounding environment;

(7) composting and burying fertilizer: composting, namely cutting leaves of the harvested potatoes, drying the stems in the sun, igniting the cut leaves into ash, fully mixing and stirring the ash with human excrement, livestock excrement and urine, fermenting the mixture in a plantation to form a fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer, burying a circle of citrus crown, and matching with a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer;

(8) pest control: the prevention is mainly adopted, green control measures of agriculture, physics and biological prevention and control are comprehensively applied, and chemical prevention and control are used in an auxiliary manner;

(9) harvesting and subpackaging: harvesting in sunny days when the local upper part is withered and yellow and tubers are fully mature; in the harvesting process, mechanical damage is avoided, and the picking and the bagging are carried out easily; prevent the tubers from being exposed to the sun, rain and sunshine for a long time; properly airing the harvested potatoes or airing the surface moisture, removing rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, young potatoes and potato blocks with insect mouths, then grading according to the sizes, and packaging with mesh bags or paper bags for marketing.

Further preferably, the potato variety is feureita, hissen No. 3, or lima potato No. 6.

Further, in the step (3), Chinese herbal ash or talcum powder: thiophanate methyl: 75% agricultural streptomycin: the weight ratio of carbendazim is = 500: 5: 5: 1.

further, before sowing in the step (5), re-dressing seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent, uniformly stirring according to the ratio of the medicine to the water to the seeds =1:50:500, piling for 2-3 h, spreading and drying in the shade, and then sowing.

Further, the step (7) of retting comprises the following specific steps: crushing the potato leaves, rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, green heads and potato blocks with insect mouths, and mixing with human excrement and livestock excrement and urine according to the following steps: 10: 2: 6-9, fully stirring and mixing, collecting potato vines, solarizing for 2-7 d until the potato vines are subjected to layered combustion in a fermentation tank, laying the mixture on each combustion layer, fully heating the mixture to form the fermentation tank, fermenting for 8-10 days, then smashing the rest potato vines and weeds, laying the smashed potato vines and weeds on the fermentation layer, fermenting for 3-8 times, fermenting for 7-15 d each time to form a completely fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer, taking 2000g of each citrus, burying the citrus crown for one circle, and matching with a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer.

Further, the method also comprises field management, and specifically comprises the following steps:

topdressing: and (3) applying fertilizer for 4 times in a micro-spraying mode under the film during the growth period, wherein the micro-spraying mode comprises the following steps:

(1) 5 kilograms of urea and 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in the seedling stage;

(2) in the middle growth stage, 5 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer are additionally applied per mu;

(3) in the middle growth stage, additionally applying 2.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu;

(4) applying 5 kilograms of potassium fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu in the middle and later growth periods; 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times according to the growth condition of the field, so that the resistance of the potato plants is enhanced;

seedling checking and supplementing: after half of the seedlings come out of the ground, field patrol is started, the seedlings are checked and supplemented in time, manual auxiliary film breaking is carried out on the seedlings which cannot burst the mulching film, the mulching film is broken, and the seedlings can grow out of the ground in time;

water content management: keeping the relative water content in the field at 60-65% in the seedling stage of the potatoes; the potato flowering period is a tuber forming and expanding period, and the relative water content in the field is kept between 70 and 80 percent; in the later growth stage of the potatoes, the relative water content of the field soil is kept between 50% and 65%, so that the later ripening and harvesting of the potatoes are facilitated.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:

the potatoes are interplanted in the young orchard, so that the multiple cropping index of the orchard can be improved, the land utilization efficiency is improved, weeds in the orchard are reduced, the soil condition is improved, the growth of fruit tree plants is promoted, the economic benefit of a unit area can be improved, the income of farmers is increased, and the vigorous development of the citrus and potato industry is promoted.

The method has the advantages that the potatoes are harvested in spring for 2-4 months, the damaged potatoes and the potato vines are collected and used for composting, the composted organic fertilizer is used as the spring germination accelerating fertilizer for the oranges, the application times of the fertilizer and the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer are reduced, the additional fertilization times of the oranges are reduced, the fertilizer input cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is high, the advantages of changing waste into valuable are achieved, the germination rate of the oranges is promoted, the yield of the oranges is increased, and the unexpected technical effect is generated.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and functions realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below;

the embodiments described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the invention or the scope of the invention; in addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.

A planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) plantation selection: selecting a plantation which is within 5 years old, has two rows of citrus tree crowns spaced by more than 1.5 meters, has deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage, is rich in organic matters, has a pH value of 5-7, is neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam, and is not planted with solanaceae crops for more than 3 years; the plantation is flat land or gentle slope land with the slope of below 15 degrees;

potato planting and steps of retting and fertilizing the vines thereof and applying spring tip-promoting fertilizer to citrus example 1:

(1) variety selection: selecting a medium early-maturing potato variety which is suitable for eating or processing and has high quality, high yield, strong resistance and a growth period of 85-100 days; the potato variety is Figurit 9 (growing days 60-70 days), Hesen No. 3 (harvested 70-80 days after seedling emergence) or Lishu No. 6 (growing period 90-100 days);

(2) planting mode: interplanting potatoes in the citrus orchard, namely sowing in the middle and last 10 th of each year in autumn (harvesting time is 1-2 months), and sowing in the middle and last 10 th to last 11 th of each year in winter (harvesting in 2-4 months, preferably in the middle and last 3 months);

(3) seed potato treatment: stacking the seed potatoes in advance for 30-40 days, ventilating and shading, accelerating germination at the temperature of 20 ℃, stacking the potato blocks for no more than 5 layers until 80% of the top buds of the seed potatoes have bean sizes, and performing illumination sun-drying; the whole potatoes with the weight of less than 60 g are used as seeds; cutting more than 60 grams of seed potatoes into more than 30 grams of seed potato wedges, wherein each seed potato wedge has 2-3 bud eyes; uniformly mixing the cut potato blocks with a seed dressing agent to ensure that medicinal powder is adhered to each section of the potato wedge blocks, wherein the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing plant ash or talcum powder, thiophanate methyl, agricultural streptomycin and carbendazim, and sowing can be carried out after drying in the sun for 1-5 days; plant ash or talc: thiophanate methyl: 75% agricultural streptomycin: the weight ratio of carbendazim is = 500: 5: 5: 1, can prevent and treat diseases and pests such as black stem disease, wilt, scab, ladybug and the like.

And (3) dressing the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating before sowing, uniformly stirring according to the ratio of the medicine to the water to the seeds =1:50:500, piling for 2-3 h, spreading out, drying in the shade, and sowing, so that the cutworms can be conveniently controlled.

(3) Land preparation: ploughing by using a small agricultural machine for 20-30 cm, and harrowing to reach the aims of leveling and fine soil; when sowing, the seeds are sowed by a row-making machine according to the specification of 40cm row width, 20 cm-25 cm depth and 40cm furrow width every 667m²More than 2000kg of fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer or 1000 kg-1500 kg of livestock and poultry manure and 50 kg-100 kg of organic compound fertilizer are applied to the potatoes, wherein 70 percent of the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer;

(4) sowing, wherein the row spacing of the planted potatoes is 80-120 cm, the crown of the citrus is small, and the 80cm is the mostPreferably, not only can ensure the growth of the two plants without mutual interference, but also can ensure the yield of the potatoes, and each 667m²The seeding density is 2000-2500 plants, each 667m²The using amount of the seed potatoes is 75 kg-100 kg, the seed potatoes are placed in a double-row 'pin' shape on two sides of the base fertilizer in the middle of the row, the seed potatoes are not close to the fertilizer, the sowing depth is 10 cm-15 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm-25 cm, the row spacing is 40cm, the seed potatoes are covered with fine soil for 3 cm-5 cm after being planted, and the ridge surface is leveled;

(5) covering with a black mulching film: after sowing and fertilizing, when the soil is wet, a brand-new black mulching film with the width of 1m and the thickness of 0.008cm is utilized, the black mulching film is covered on the surface of the furrow by an artificial or film laminating machine, a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film, the edge and the periphery of the film are pressed by a small amount of soil, and finely-divided soil with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm is covered on the black film by an earth covering machine so as to avoid blowing and turning over the black mulching film and facilitate the breaking of the film and soil emergence of seedlings; after covering the film with soil, the film is wet while the soil is wet, the preemergence herbicide is used for weed control in the surrounding environment, the drip irrigation belt is communicated with the water and fertilizer integrated system, so that topdressing and drip irrigation are facilitated, the black mulching film is low in light transmittance, weed growth is effectively inhibited, water evaporation is slow, and the film has strong heat preservation, fertilizer preservation and water retention compared with a white film.

(6) Composting and burying fertilizer: composting, namely cutting leaves of the harvested potatoes, drying the stems in the sun, igniting the cut leaves into ash, fully mixing and stirring the ash with human excrement, livestock excrement and urine, fermenting the mixture in a plantation to form a fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer, burying a circle of citrus crown, and matching with a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer; pulverizing potato leaves, rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, green heads and potato blocks with insect mouths, and mixing with human excrement, livestock excrement and lime according to the following weight parts: 56: 2: 6-9: 1, fully stirring and mixing, collecting potato vines, solarizing for 2-7 d until the potato vines are combusted in a layered mode in a fermentation tank, paving the mixture layer on each combustion layer, fully heating the mixture to form the fermentation tank, covering a plastic film, pressing the plastic film with bricks, opening the plastic after fermenting for 8-10 days, smashing the rest potato vines and weeds, paving a proper amount of lime and a water layer on the fermentation layer, and in order to avoid the situation that organic fertilizers are not retted, the rest potato vines are not too much, and fermenting the mixture in a general fermentation tank before fermentation (before 8-10 days in the prior art): potato vines and weeds remaining after crushing = 100: 1~5, lime owner both can improve fermentation vat top layer temperature, also can regard as plant calcium element source, consequently lime stone and water content can carry out the manual selection when the layer is spread, ferment 3~8 times after the layer is piled up again, ferment 7d ~15d each time, oranges and tangerines spring germination accelerating fertilizer should avoid using the not retted ripe fertilizer, consequently, the time of can fermenting can suitably prolong, until forming the fertilizer of complete fermentation maturity innoxious, 2000g are taken to each citrus, bury oranges and tangerines crown round, cooperate quick-acting nitrogenous fertilizer as oranges and tangerines spring germination accelerating fertilizer, oranges and tangerines spring germination accelerating fertilizer is used at about 2 weeks before the spring germination.

Selecting a fermentation tank: the cost of fruit growers is increased due to the fact that the tree branches are not easy to stack manually, the retting fertilizer pool can be dug on the field, rain shielding treatment should be conducted on the edge of the retting fertilizer pool, or the tree branches can be laid on the bottom of the pit to serve as ventilation materials without selecting a fermentation pool to directly stack on the flat ground.

Judging the composting degree: the volume of the mixed fermented fertilizer is reduced to about 1/4, the temperature is detected during each opening of the film for ventilation, the film is opened for the first time, the initial temperature is kept at 70-80 degrees, the film can be covered when the temperature is reduced to about 100 degrees after the rest of potato vines and weeds are paved and smashed, a proper amount of lime and water are added, the temperature of the fermented product is reduced and then increased in one week under the conditions of ventilation and sufficient water vapor, the ventilation time can be properly prolonged or the fermented product is stirred when the temperature is too low (about 50 degrees) during the opening of the film, the fermentation time is prolonged, and the fermentation time is controlled according to the harvest time of sweet potatoes, so that the organic fertilizer which is completely fermented, decomposed and harmless is applied to citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer about 2 weeks before spring germination.

(7) Pest control: the prevention is mainly adopted, green control measures of agriculture, physics and biological prevention and control are comprehensively applied, and chemical prevention and control are used in an auxiliary manner; agricultural control, selection of disease-resistant (tolerant) fine varieties and virus-free seed potatoes according to local conditions, reasonable layout, crop rotation and stubble inversion, and avoidance of continuous cropping with solanaceae crops. The weeding machine enhances weeding in clean fields, keeps the channels and ditches smooth in the fields, arranges the stains, reduces the field humidity, improves the field ventilation and reduces the number of insect sources. Physical control, namely adopting a yellow plate or a solar trap lamp to trap and kill aphids, and installing a frequency vibration type insect killing lamp to trap and kill pests; biological control, natural enemies are protected and utilized, environmental conditions beneficial to the survival of the natural enemies are created, and pesticides with small killing power on the natural enemies are selected. Installing sex attractant to trap and kill pests such as noctuid and the like; in the control of the medicament, the pesticide is used according to the regulations of GB/T8321 (all parts) and NY/T2383, the pesticide application dose (or concentration), the pesticide application frequency (3-5 times) and the safety interval period (7 d-10 d) are controlled for 1 time, and the alternative use effect of 2 medicaments is better; main diseases of potatoes: late blight, early blight, bacterial wilt, black shank, scab, etc. Main insect pests: aphids, cutworms, ladybugs, noctuids and the like can be controlled by combining the 1 st topdressing and the 3 rd topdressing for 2 times in the control of underground pests, and the specific control method is shown in Table 1,

late blight, average temperature of 10-25 deg.C and relative air humidity of 80% for 3 days or more²Spraying stem leaves with protective bactericides such as 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times liquid or 75% bacteria clearing suspending agent 600 times liquid; 667m after beginning to seal the line or finding the central diseased plant^２The preparation method comprises the following steps of alternately applying medicaments such as 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, 50% dimethomorph 800 times liquid and 68.75% propamocarb-fluopicolide suspension (Yinflue) 800 times liquid, and uniformly spraying leaves on leaf surfaces; interval 7 under normal weather conditions^～Spraying once for 10d, and keeping an interval of 3 days under high-humidity and rainy conditions^～5d spraying once, and continuously preventing and treating 2^～4 times. The prevention and treatment of late blight should meet the requirements of NY/T1783.

Black shank, fine after rain or early onset 667m^２90ml to 120ml of cymoxanil copper chloride (Garinong) suspension, 25g to 30g of 77 percent copper hydroxide wettable powder, 100g to 125g of 20 percent dragon bacterium wettable powder (benziothiazolinone) and 3 intervals^～Spraying once in 5 days for continuous prevention and treatment 3^～4 times.

Early blight, early stage of development or blockage of potatoes 667m²Using 400 times of solution of 70 percent propineb wettable powder, 100ml of 10 percent benzyl azoxystrobin suspending agent and 25 ml of suspending agent^％15 g-2 g of oxime bacterium tebuconazole water dispersant (Naditol)0g, interval 5^～Spraying once for 7d, continuous prevention and control 2^～3 times.

Aphid, initial stage of development 667m²The pesticide is sprayed with 2000-3000 times of 50% imidacloprid missible oil or 12-15 ml of 10% acetamiprid missible oil for prevention and control, and can be sprayed with a foliar fertilizer at the same time.

TABLE 1

(9) The field management specifically comprises the following steps:

topdressing: and (3) applying fertilizer for 4 times in a micro-spraying mode under the film during the growth period, wherein the micro-spraying mode comprises the following steps:

(1) 5 kilograms of urea and 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in the seedling stage;

(2) in the middle growth stage, 5 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer are additionally applied per mu;

(3) in the middle growth stage, additionally applying 2.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu;

(4) applying 5 kilograms of potassium fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu in the middle and later growth periods; 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times according to the growth condition of the field, so that the resistance of the potato plants is enhanced;

seedling checking and supplementing: after half of the seedlings come out of the ground, field patrol is started, the seedlings are checked and supplemented in time, manual auxiliary film breaking is carried out on the seedlings which cannot burst the mulching film, the mulching film is broken, and the seedlings can grow out of the ground in time;

water content management: keeping the relative water content in the field at 60-65% in the seedling stage of the potatoes; the potato flowering period is a tuber forming and expanding period, and the relative water content in the field is kept between 70 and 80 percent; in the later growth stage of the potatoes, the relative water content of the field soil is kept between 50% and 65%, so that the later ripening and harvesting of the potatoes are facilitated.

(8) Harvesting and subpackaging: harvesting in sunny days when the local upper part is withered and yellow and tubers are fully mature; in the harvesting process, mechanical damage is avoided, and the picking and the bagging are carried out easily; prevent the tubers from being exposed to the sun, rain and sunshine for a long time; properly airing the harvested potatoes or airing the surface moisture, removing rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, young potatoes and potato blocks with insect mouths, then grading according to the sizes, and packaging with mesh bags or paper bags for marketing.

Example 2:

in 2020, the scheme is adopted to carry out a test in a citrus orchard which is put into production in a certain place in Guangxi for 3 years, the canopy density of the orchard is about 0.3, the row spacing of citrus is 2m, the selected potato variety Figurita No. 9 is planted according to the embodiment 1, and the scheme for paying attention to disease control in the whole growth period is adopted, and a knapsack electric sprayer is adopted for manual spraying. After seedling completion, 100g of 75% chlorothalonil (Haodishi) is used for each mu in 12 months and 25 days in 2020 to prevent early and late blight; in 2021, 1 month and 4 days, 30g of 10% difenoconazole (shigao) is used for each mu to prevent early blight and late blight; 22 months 1 in 2021, 100ml of 47% kasugamycin is used for preventing and treating black shank and stem rot; 28.1.1.2021, 30g of 52.5 percent of oxatone, cymoxanil (fast-acting herbicide) +45g of 75 percent of deficiency bacteria and tebuconazole (stable Naditol) are used for preventing and treating early blight and late blight; 100g of 68% refined Jiashuang, and 50kg of manganese zinc (Jinlei) mixed with water are sprayed per mu at 8 days in 2 months in 2021 year for preventing and treating early blight and late blight. Before frost comes, 50g of antifreeze and 30g of monopotassium phosphate are added with 30 kg of water for preventing frost in each mu, and the prevention time is as follows: spraying for 1 time respectively at 29 days 12 and 9 days 1 and 2021 in 2020;

harvesting in batches in about middle ten days of 2021 March, calculating according to the row spacing of potato plants 0.2m multiplied by 1.2m, planting 2 rows of potatoes between the large row spacing of citrus, calculating according to the average price of field purchase 2.4 yuan/kg, the yield of winter potatoes interplanted in each mu of young orchard is about 1400 kg, the yield is 3360 yuan, the input cost of potato planting is reduced by 1500 yuan, the production benefit is about 1760 yuan/year, the total benefit of 3 years of planting reaches 5280 yuan, and the input cost of citrus at the early stage is compensated.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. A planting method for interplanting potatoes in young oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: and (3) plantation selection: selecting a plantation which is within 5 years old, has two rows of citrus tree crowns spaced by more than 1.5 meters, has deep soil layer, loose texture, good drainage, is rich in organic matters, has a pH value of 5-7, is neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam, and is not planted with solanaceae crops for more than 3 years; the plantation is flat land or gentle slope land with the slope of below 15 degrees;

planting potatoes, performing wet composting by using vines of the potatoes, and applying spring tip-promoting fertilizer to citrus:

(1) variety selection: selecting a medium early-maturing potato variety which is suitable for eating or processing and has high quality, high yield, strong resistance and a growth period of 85-100 days;

(2) planting mode: interplanting potatoes in the citrus orchard, namely sowing in the last 10 th ten days of 9 months every year in autumn, and sowing in the middle and last 10 th days to the middle and last 11 months in winter;

(3) seed potato treatment: stacking the seed potatoes in advance for 30-40 days, ventilating and shading, accelerating germination at the temperature of 20 ℃, stacking the potato blocks for no more than 5 layers until 80% of the top buds of the seed potatoes have bean sizes, and performing illumination sun-drying; the whole potatoes with the weight of less than 60 g are used as seeds; cutting more than 60 grams of seed potatoes into more than 30 grams of seed potato wedges, wherein each seed potato wedge has 2-3 bud eyes; uniformly mixing the cut potato blocks with a seed dressing agent to ensure that medicinal powder is adhered to each section of the potato wedge blocks, wherein the seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing plant ash or talcum powder, thiophanate methyl, agricultural streptomycin and carbendazim, and sowing can be carried out after drying in the sun for 1-5 days;

(4) land preparation: ploughing by using a small agricultural machine for 20-30 cm, and harrowing to reach the aims of leveling and fine soil; when sowing, the seeds are sowed by a row-making machine according to the specification of 40cm row width, 20 cm-25 cm depth and 40cm furrow width every 667m²More than 2000kg of fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer or 1000 kg-1500 kg of livestock and poultry manure and 50 kg-100 kg of organic compound fertilizer are applied to the potatoes, wherein 70 percent of the total amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer is completely used as base fertilizer;

(5) sowing: the row spacing of the planted potatoes is 80-120 cm for citrus, and each 667m²The seeding density is 2000-2500 plants, each 667m²The using amount of the seed potatoes is 75 kg-100 kg, and the seed potatoes are pressed on two sides of the middle base fertilizerPlacing the potatoes in a double-row 'pin' shape, wherein the seed potatoes do not need to be close to fertilizers, the sowing depth is 10-15 cm, the plant spacing is 20-25 cm, the row spacing is 40cm, fine soil is covered for 3-5 cm after the seed potatoes are planted, and the ridge surfaces are leveled;

(6) covering with a black mulching film: after sowing and fertilizing, when the soil is wet, a brand-new black mulching film with the width of 1m and the thickness of 0.008cm is utilized, the black mulching film is covered on the surface of the furrow by an artificial or film laminating machine, a drip irrigation tape is laid under the film, the edge and the periphery of the film are pressed by a small amount of soil, and finely-divided soil with the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm is covered on the black film by an earth covering machine so as to avoid blowing and turning over the black mulching film and facilitate the breaking of the film and soil emergence of seedlings; after covering the film with soil, the film is wet, the preemergence herbicide is used for weed control in the surrounding environment,

(7) composting and burying fertilizer: composting, namely cutting leaves of the harvested potatoes, drying the stems in the sun, igniting the cut leaves into ash, fully mixing and stirring the ash with human excrement, livestock excrement and urine, fermenting the mixture in a plantation to form a fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer, burying a circle of citrus crown, and matching with a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer;

(8) pest control: the prevention is mainly adopted, green control measures of agriculture, physics and biological prevention and control are comprehensively applied, and chemical prevention and control are used in an auxiliary manner;

(9) harvesting and subpackaging: harvesting in sunny days when the local upper part is withered and yellow and tubers are fully mature; in the harvesting process, mechanical damage is avoided, and the picking and the bagging are carried out easily; prevent the tubers from being exposed to the sun, rain and sunshine for a long time; properly airing the harvested potatoes or airing the surface moisture, removing rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, young potatoes and potato blocks with insect mouths, then grading according to the sizes, and packaging with mesh bags or paper bags for marketing.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the young citrus and potatoes are interplanted by the method of claim: the potato variety is Favorita, Hissen No. 3 or Lishu No. 6.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the young citrus and potatoes are interplanted by the method of claim: step (3), Chinese herbal ash or talcum powder: thiophanate methyl: 75% agricultural streptomycin: the weight ratio of carbendazim is = 500: 5: 5: 1.

4. the method of claim 3, wherein the young citrus and potatoes are interplanted by the method of claim: and (5) dressing the seeds with 60% imidacloprid suspension seed coating agent again before sowing, uniformly stirring according to the ratio of medicine to water to seeds =1:50:500, piling for 2-3 h, spreading and drying in the shade, and sowing.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the young citrus and potatoes are interplanted by the method of claim: the specific steps of the retting fertilizer in the step (7) are as follows: crushing the potato leaves, rotten, damaged and diseased potatoes, green heads and potato blocks with insect mouths, and mixing with human excrement and livestock excrement and urine according to the following steps: 10: 2: 6-9, fully stirring and mixing, collecting potato vines, solarizing for 2-7 d until the potato vines are subjected to layered combustion in a fermentation tank, laying the mixture on each combustion layer, fully heating the mixture to form the fermentation tank, fermenting for 8-10 days, then smashing the rest potato vines and weeds, laying the smashed potato vines and weeds on the fermentation layer, fermenting for 3-8 times, fermenting for 7-15 d each time to form a completely fermented, decomposed and harmless organic fertilizer, taking 2000g of each citrus, burying the citrus crown for one circle, and matching with a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a citrus spring germination accelerating fertilizer.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the young citrus and potatoes are interplanted by the method of claim: the method also comprises field management, and specifically comprises the following steps:

topdressing: and (3) applying fertilizer for 4 times in a micro-spraying mode under the film during the growth period, wherein the micro-spraying mode comprises the following steps:

(1) 5 kilograms of urea and 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu in the seedling stage;

(2) in the middle growth stage, 5 kilograms of urea, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer are additionally applied per mu;

(3) in the middle growth stage, additionally applying 2.5 kilograms of compound fertilizer, 5 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu;

(4) applying 5 kilograms of potassium fertilizer and 800 grams of boron-zinc-iron-calcium fertilizer per mu in the middle and later growth periods; 0.2% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2 times according to the growth condition of the field, so that the resistance of the potato plants is enhanced;

seedling checking and supplementing: after half of the seedlings come out of the ground, field patrol is started, the seedlings are checked and supplemented in time, manual auxiliary film breaking is carried out on the seedlings which cannot burst the mulching film, the mulching film is broken, and the seedlings can grow out of the ground in time;

water content management: keeping the relative water content in the field at 60-65% in the seedling stage of the potatoes; the potato flowering period is a tuber forming and expanding period, and the relative water content in the field is kept between 70 and 80 percent; in the later growth stage of the potatoes, the relative water content of the field soil is kept between 50% and 65%, so that the later ripening and harvesting of the potatoes are facilitated.