CN111264274A - Healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting tree - Google Patents

Healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting tree Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111264274A
CN111264274A CN202010155775.1A CN202010155775A CN111264274A CN 111264274 A CN111264274 A CN 111264274A CN 202010155775 A CN202010155775 A CN 202010155775A CN 111264274 A CN111264274 A CN 111264274A
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prevention
control
management
fertilizer
trees
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Inventor
黄成能
吴英详
曾斌
罗荣光
黄建英
宗伟勋
郑溪
廖侦成
林建勇
李小玲
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Qingyuan Agricultural Science And Technology Extension Service Center (qingyuan Agricultural Science Research Institute)
Tea Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Qingyuan Agricultural Science And Technology Extension Service Center (qingyuan Agricultural Science Research Institute)
Tea Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Priority to CN202010155775.1A priority Critical patent/CN111264274A/en
Publication of CN111264274A publication Critical patent/CN111264274A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/02—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention discloses a healthy cultivation management method of sugar orange fruiting trees, which mainly comprises the nutrition management of trees, the ecological management of orchards and the regulation and control management of flowers and fruits, wherein the nutrition management of trees further comprises the application of an organic fertilizer and water fertilizer application integrated system and the auxiliary correction of leaf surfaces; the ecological management of the orchard further comprises grass growing management, insect pest prevention and control and disease prevention and control; the regulation and control management of the flowers and fruits further comprises flower and fruit retention, yield control and timely harvest. The invention pays attention to the relevance and systematicness of three key links in the cultivation management of the sugar orange fruiting tree, can obviously improve the stable growth capacity of the sugar orange fruiting tree through the systematical management, stably keeps the high-level leaf chlorophyll content and the high-level nutrient element content, ensures that the nutrient level and the growth development level of the sugar orange fruiting tree are in the optimal state for a long time, further enhances the disease and insect pest resistance of the tree body, reduces the occurrence rate of etiolated trees, prolongs the life, and continuously improves the production capacity and the planting benefit of the sugar orange.

Description

Healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting tree
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting trees.
Background
The sugar orange is one of main cultivated varieties of oranges in China and is mainly planted in two broad areas of China. The sugar orange is famous because of thin and easily peeled fruit skin, crisp and crisp pulp, more juice and slag, fresh and sweet taste, good quality and flavor, is popular with people and occupies a special position in the orange market. The sugar oranges have high and stable yield, high economic benefit and good market price, and once a large number of fruit growers grow with the wind, the sugar oranges play an important role in the debility removal and the enrichment of the fruit growers and the development of rural economy.
The sugar oranges also have unique variety characteristics, under normal management, the sugar oranges have strong shoot capability, vigorous growth vigor, large fruit bearing amount and strong yield, and under the condition of incomplete management or failure of management, the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of fruit bearing trees are unbalanced, so that the growth vigor of the trees is weakened, the trees are easy to be attacked by plant diseases and insect pests, and the production capability is lost. The tree body is the root, whether the tree body is healthy or not directly determines the sustainable production, so the health management of the sugar orange fruiting tree is especially needed.
In the prosperous period of the sugar orange industry in Guangdong, most fruit growers do not pay attention to tree health management and lack a systematic method for health management, so that large-area yellowing of the sugar orange trees occurs, the tree bodies are weak in growth potential and poor in stress resistance, and Huanglong disease is abused, so that the sugar orange industry is subjected to destructive impact. Therefore, in the process of recovering the sugar orange industry, the health management of the tree body is important and sustainable development.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting trees, which mainly comprises the steps of nutrition management of trees, ecological management of orchards and regulation and control management of flowers and fruits. The invention pays attention to the relevance and systematicness of three key links in the cultivation management of the sugar orange fruiting tree, can obviously improve the stable growth capacity of the sugar orange fruiting tree through the systematical management, improves the chlorophyll content and the nutrition level of leaves, enhances the disease and pest resistance capacity, reduces the occurrence rate of etiolated trees, further ensures that the growth and development level of the sugar orange fruiting tree is in the optimal state for a long time, is healthy and long-lived, and continuously improves the production capacity and the planting benefit of the sugar orange.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a healthy cultivation and management method for sugar orange fruiting trees comprises the following specific steps:
s1, tree nutrition management:
s1.1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer: applying the seeds into a flat ditch after picking fruits in winter every year, wherein the digging position of the flat ditch is 15-30cm away from a tree crown drip, the depth of the ditch is 25-35cm, and the using amount of each plant is 20-25 kg;
s1.2, application of a water and fertilizer integrated system: the fertilizer is mainly applied in four key periods of spring shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, autumn shoot period and fruit picking, and is simultaneously applied to soil moisture management in flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period:
s1.2.1, spring shoot period: within 2 months, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is mainly applied with the concentration of 400-fold and 600-fold, and the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer is matched with the concentration of 600-fold and 1000-fold;
s1.2.2, flowering and fruiting period: the application time is 3 months from the bottom to the beginning of 4 months, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 400-fold and 600-fold, and simultaneously the application concentration of 800-fold and 1000-fold by matching with the microelement water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.3, autumn shoot: the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 600 times of 400-fold, is matched with secondary element water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 1000-fold, starts to be applied 15 days before autumn release, is applied for 3 times in total and is applied for 1 time every 10 days;
s1.2.4, after fruit picking: within 7 days after fruit picking, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 400-600 times;
s1.3, auxiliary leaf surface correction: the foliage spray fertilizer supplements medium and trace elements such as boron, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, calcium and the like;
s2, orchard ecological management:
s2.1, grass growing management: the mode of combining grass generation and grass prevention cloth covering is adopted: growing grass on the slope or between the rows, and covering the surfaces of the planting rows with grass prevention cloth;
s2.2, insect pest prevention and control: establishing a multi-dimensional linkage prevention and control network of 'agriculture + physics + biology + chemistry', and performing according to the priority of agriculture prevention and control, physics prevention and control, biology prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s2.2.1, agricultural control: improving the ventilation and light-permeable environment of the orchard and the tree body, making orchard clearing in winter and making an orchard irrigation and drainage system;
s2.2.2, physical prevention and treatment: applying a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a trapping bottle, a bird repeller and the like;
s2.2.3, biological control: releasing natural enemies, reasonably planting anthelmintic plants, and using biological insecticide.
S2.2.4, chemical prevention and treatment: the chemical pesticide is used, the specific operation method is executed by referring to the actual conditions of local agricultural resources distribution, novel efficient and environment-friendly medicaments are preferentially selected, and meanwhile, the spraying effect is better by combining the mineral oil with the effective component content of more than 95 percent, and the using multiple is 200-fold and 500-fold;
s2.3, disease prevention and control: an agricultural and chemical prevention and control system is adopted, and the specific agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control method is the same as that in the step S2.2;
s3, regulating and managing the flowers and fruits:
s3.1, flower and fruit retention:
s3.1.1, supplementing required trace elements in advance in the prophase of flowering, spraying borax, magnesium sulfate, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like on leaf surfaces for 1 time from the prophase of flowering to the bud stage of spring shoots, wherein the concentration is 0.15-0.2%;
s3.1.2, spraying a mixed preparation of gibberellin with the concentration of 0.1-0.15ppm, brassin with the concentration of 0.1% and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.18-0.2% in a flowering period from 70-80% to one week after the flowers are withered, and repeating once within 15-20 days;
s3.1.3, adopting an environment-cutting fruit-protecting method as an auxiliary fruit-protecting measure, mainly used for cutting the trunk cortex for one circle after the blossom of the vigorous tree is withered until the first physiological fruit drop is finished, and repeating the steps once after the wound is healed and the fruit is not stable ideally after 15 days according to the healing conditions of fruit setting and cut;
s3.2, yield control: the tree age of 7-15 years is preferably controlled to be 50-100kg, the yield is kept to be increased by 10 percent year by year, small fruits, flower skin fruits and diseased fruits are removed in time, and the nutrition consumption of trees is reduced.
S3.3, timely harvesting: harvesting fruits of the sugar oranges in time after the fruits are ripe, harvesting in batches according to the maturity, keeping the trees for no more than 1 month at the latest, and taking measures for keeping warm and resisting cold when the trees meet low-temperature weather, such as spraying 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate solution on the mulch or the leaf surfaces.
Further, in the step S1.1, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of cow dung, 15-25 parts of peanut bran, 8-15 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 8-15 parts of tea bran, 5-15 parts of granulated sugar orange leaves, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-6 parts of urea and 3-5 parts of strains;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and then putting into a low-temperature sterilization box for low-temperature sterilization;
step two: mixing the above materials at a certain proportion, stirring thoroughly, adding 40-60% water, and mixing well;
step three: the mixed material is piled and retted for 30 to 40 days for natural fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30 to 40 ℃, and the mixed material is turned over once in the period.
Further, in the step S1.2, the inner diameter of the drip irrigation pipeline of the water and fertilizer integrated system is 13-16mm, two drip irrigation pipelines are distributed on each row of the tree, 2 drippers are arranged at the positions 50-80cm away from the left side and the right side of each pipeline by taking the tree trunk as the center, the flow rate is controlled to be 2.5-3L/h, and the application time is 1.5-2.5h each time.
Further, soil water management is well enhanced in the step S1.2, if continuous raining does not occur in the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period for 15 days, water is irrigated once by using the water and fertilizer integrated system, and the irrigation amount is up to 55-65% of the soil water content.
Further, the type and dosage of the foliar fertilizer in step S1.3 are determined according to the corresponding nutrient deficiency symptoms of the leaves, the foliar fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 0.1-0.3%, and the operation time is preferably 9-11 am or 3-5 pm.
Furthermore, the type of the grass in step S2.1 may be benign weeds naturally growing in the orchard, or some benign grass may be cultivated, the variety is mainly leguminous, gramineae or alfalfa, the degree of the grass is subject to no direct contact with the tree body and no influence on the farm work operation, the grass is cut by a mower when the grass is too high or too long, the grass-prevention cloth may be a single-layer black ground cloth or a double-layer non-woven cloth, the water and air permeability is required to be good, the service life can reach 3-5 years, the width is 1.35-1.5m, the length is determined according to the situation of the orchard, the grass-prevention cloth covers both sides of the planting rows with the tree body as the axis, and the transparent environment of the planting rows is favorably maintained.
Further, the prevention and control of the diaphorina citri, the red spiders, the leaf miners, the aphids, the longicorn, the whiteflies and the scale insects are mainly performed in the step S2.2, wherein the diaphorina citri is the primary prevention and control object, once the diaphorina citri is found, the diaphorina citri is killed in time, the red spiders are the key prevention and control objects, and the prevention and control of the red spiders are key work in daily farming operation and the like, and can be controlled by releasing predatory mites or chemical agents.
Further, prevention and control of yellow dragon disease, canker, anthracnose, scab and soot are mainly carried out in step S2.3, wherein the orange yellow dragon disease is the primary prevention and control object, the main prevention and control method comprises the steps of planting virus-free seedlings of sugar oranges and killing citrus psyllids, once diseased trees are found, timely felling, cleaning out of a garden, uniformly burning and burying, the orange canker is the key prevention and control object, and the main method comprises the steps of purchasing the virus-free seedlings and carrying out preventive measures, particularly, spraying pesticide for preventing and controlling 20-50 days after leaves on new tips sprout and 40-70 days after young fruits fall in windy or rainy days in two days.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. improving the nutritional status of the tree body: after the organic fertilizer is applied, a foundation is laid for keeping the health of the sugar orange trees, keeping the leaf color dark green, improving the yield and quality, and simultaneously, the organic fertilizer has the effect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; the application of the water and fertilizer integrated system can effectively solve the problem of low fertilizer absorption and utilization rate in the top dressing and top dressing processes; the auxiliary leaf surface correction can effectively improve the medium trace element level of the tree body, is favorable for improving the metabolic capability and the fruit quality of the tree body, and the effect and the importance of the three modes are 50 percent: 45%: 5 percent;
2. improve the ecological situation in orchard: the ecological management of the orchard mainly comprises scientific prevention and control and systematic prevention and control of grass, insects and diseases in the orchard, a certain correlation exists among the three under the microenvironment of the orchard, the three are mutually influenced and are linked in a ring-to-ring manner, and the scientific management of the grass is favorable for creating a good environment for the ecological prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests;
3. and (3) regulating growth contradiction between fruits and trees: the tip fruit contradiction is one of typical characteristics of the sugar oranges, and meanwhile, the high yield of the sugar oranges easily causes imbalance between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, so that the invention provides the method which considers not only flower and fruit retention to ensure stable yield, but also considers yield control to maintain tree vigor, and meanwhile, timely harvesting can reduce the time of tree nutrient consumption and reduce the tree nutrient loss;
4. the invention pays attention to the relevance and systematicness of three key links in the cultivation management of the sugar orange fruiting tree, can obviously improve the stable growth capacity of the sugar orange fruiting tree through the systematical management, stably keeps the high-level leaf chlorophyll content and the high-level nutrient element content, ensures that the nutrient level and the growth development level of the sugar orange fruiting tree are in the optimal state for a long time, further enhances the disease and insect pest resistance of the tree body, reduces the occurrence rate of etiolated trees, prolongs the life, and continuously improves the production capacity and the planting benefit of the sugar orange.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, and the fertilizer, the pesticide, the equipment and the method adopted by the present invention are all conventional fertilizers, pesticides, equipment and methods in the technical field.
Example 1:
the invention provides a healthy cultivation management method of sugar orange fruiting trees, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, tree nutrition management:
s1.1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer: applying the seeds into a flat ditch after picking fruits in winter every year, wherein the digging position of the flat ditch is 15cm away from a tree crown drip, the depth of the ditch is 25cm, and the using amount of each plant is 20 kg;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of peanut bran, 8 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 8 parts of tea bran, 5 parts of granulated sugar orange leaves, 5 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of urea and 3 parts of strains;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and then putting into a low-temperature sterilization box for low-temperature sterilization;
step two: mixing the raw materials according to the weight, fully and uniformly stirring, and then adding water accounting for 40 percent of the total mass to uniformly mix;
step three: the mixed material is piled and retted for 30 days for natural fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and the mixed material is turned over once in the period;
s1.2, application of a water and fertilizer integrated system: the method is mainly applied in four key periods of spring tip period, flowering and fruiting period, autumn tip period and fruit picking, and is simultaneously applied to soil moisture management in flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period, the inner diameter of a drip irrigation pipeline of a water and fertilizer integrated system is 13mm, two drip irrigation pipelines are distributed on each row of trees, 2 water droppers are installed at 50cm positions of the left side and the right side of each pipeline with a trunk as the center, the flow rate is controlled to be 2.5L/h, and the application time is 1.5h every time:
s1.2.1, spring shoot period: the application time is 2 months and 5 days, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is taken as the main material, the application concentration is 400 times, and the application concentration is 600 times by matching with the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.2, flowering and fruiting period: the application time is 3 months and 20 days, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, the application concentration is 400 times, and the application concentration is 800 times by matching with microelement water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.3, autumn shoot: the fertilizer is mainly a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 400 times, is matched with a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 600 times, starts to be applied 15 days before autumn comes, is applied for 3 times in total, and is applied for 1 time every 10 days;
s1.2.4, after fruit picking: within 7 days after fruit picking, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the application concentration is 400 times;
the well-done soil water management is enhanced, if the continuous raining does not happen for 15 days in the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, the water and fertilizer integrated system is singly used for irrigating once, and the irrigation quantity is only needed to reach the soil water content of 55%;
s1.3, auxiliary leaf surface correction: supplementing medium and trace elements such as boron, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, calcium and the like by spraying fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, determining the type and the dosage of fertilizer for the leaf surfaces according to corresponding nutrient deficiency symptoms of the leaves, and specifically judging the method by referring to related books of citrus nutrition and fertilizer application, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer for the leaf surfaces is controlled at 0.1 percent, and the operation time is 9 am;
s2, orchard ecological management:
s2.1, grass growing management: the mode of combining grass generation and grass prevention cloth covering is adopted: grass is grown on the surface of a slope or rows, grass prevention cloth is covered on the surfaces of the planting rows, the grass type can be benign weeds naturally growing in an orchard, some benign grass can also be cultivated, the variety is mainly leguminous, gramineae or alfalfa and the like, the grass generation degree is subject to the condition that the grass is not directly contacted with a tree body and does not influence the farming operation, the grass is cut by a mower when the grass is too high or too long, single-layer black ground cloth or double-layer non-woven cloth can be selected as the grass prevention cloth, the grass prevention cloth is required to have good water and air permeability, the service life can reach 3 years, the width is 1.35m, the length is determined according to the situation of the orchard, the grass prevention cloth covers the two sides of the planting rows by taking the tree body as an axis, and the;
s2.2, insect pest prevention and control: establishing a multi-dimensional linkage prevention and control network of 'agriculture + physics + biology + chemistry', and performing according to the priority of agriculture prevention and control, physics prevention and control, biology prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s2.2.1, agricultural control: improving the ventilation and light-permeable environment of the orchard and the tree body, making orchard clearing in winter and making an orchard irrigation and drainage system;
s2.2.2, physical prevention and treatment: applying a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a trapping bottle, a bird repeller and the like;
s2.2.3, biological control: releasing natural enemies, reasonably planting anthelmintic plants, and using biological insecticide.
S2.2.4, chemical prevention and treatment: the chemical pesticide is used, the specific operation method is executed by referring to the actual conditions of local agricultural resources and distribution, novel efficient and environment-friendly medicaments are preferentially selected, and meanwhile, the spraying effect is better by combining mineral oil with the effective component content of more than 95 percent, and the using multiple is 200 times;
the method mainly comprises the steps of preventing and controlling diaphorina citri, red spiders, leaf miners, aphids, longicorn beetles, whiteflies and scale insects, wherein the diaphorina citri is the primary prevention and control object, once the diaphorina citri is found, the diaphorina citri is killed in time, the red spiders are the key prevention and control objects, the red spiders are key work in daily farming operation and the like, and can be used for preventing and controlling by releasing predatory mites or chemical agents;
s2.3, disease prevention and control: an agricultural and chemical prevention and control system is adopted, and the specific agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control method is the same as that in the step S2.2;
the method mainly comprises the steps of planting virus-free seedlings of sugar oranges and killing citrus psyllids, timely cutting down once diseased trees are found, cleaning out the trees, uniformly burning and burying, wherein the citrus yellow dragon disease is a main control object, purchasing the virus-free seedlings and making preventive measures, and particularly, spraying pesticide for preventing and controlling 20 days after leaves on new tips germinate (before and after the leaves reach the maximum area) and 40 days after young fruits fall (the end period of the first physiological fruit fall) in the weather of strong wind and rainfall in the first day or two days after the rainfall finishes;
s3, regulating and managing the flowers and fruits:
s3.1, flower and fruit retention:
s3.1.1, supplementing required trace elements in advance in the prophase of flowering, spraying borax, magnesium sulfate, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like on leaf surfaces for 1 time from the prophase of flowering to the bud stage of spring shoots, wherein the concentration is 0.15%;
s3.1.2, spraying a mixed preparation of gibberellin with the concentration of 0.1ppm, brassin with the concentration of 0.1% and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.18% in the flowering period from 70% to one week after the flowers are withered, and repeating once within 15 days;
s3.1.3, adopting an environment-cutting fruit-protecting method as an auxiliary fruit-protecting measure, mainly used for cutting the trunk cortex for one circle after the blossom of the vigorous tree is withered until the first physiological fruit drop is finished, and repeating the steps once after the wound is healed and the fruit is not stable ideally after 15 days according to the healing conditions of fruit setting and cut;
s3.2, yield control: the tree age of 7-15 years is preferably controlled to be 50-100kg, the yield is 50kg, small fruits, flower skin fruits and diseased fruits are removed in time, and the nutrition consumption of trees is reduced.
S3.3, timely harvesting: harvesting fruits of the sugar oranges in time after the fruits are ripe, harvesting in batches according to the maturity, keeping the trees for no more than 1 month at the latest, and taking measures for keeping warm and resisting cold when the trees meet low-temperature weather, such as spraying 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate solution on the mulch or the leaf surfaces.
Example 2:
the invention provides a healthy cultivation management method of sugar orange fruiting trees, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, tree nutrition management:
s1.1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer: applying the seeds into a flat ditch after picking fruits in winter every year, wherein the digging position of the flat ditch is 25cm away from a tree crown drip, the depth of the ditch is 30cm, and the using amount of each plant is 22.5 kg;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of peanut bran, 11.5 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 11.5 parts of tea bran, 10 parts of granulated sugar orange leaves, 7.5 parts of plant ash, 6.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 4.5 parts of urea and 4 parts of strains;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and then putting into a low-temperature sterilization box for low-temperature sterilization;
step two: mixing the raw materials according to the weight, fully and uniformly stirring, and then adding water accounting for 50 percent of the total mass to uniformly mix;
step three: the mixed materials are piled and retted for 35 days for natural fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃, and the mixed materials are turned over once in the period;
s1.2, application of a water and fertilizer integrated system: the method is mainly applied in four key periods of spring tip period, flowering and fruiting period, autumn tip period and fruit picking, and is simultaneously applied to soil moisture management in flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period, the inner diameter of a drip irrigation pipeline of a water and fertilizer integrated system is 16mm, two drip irrigation pipelines are distributed on each row of trees, 2 water droppers are installed at the positions 65cm away from the left side and the right side of each pipeline with a trunk as the center, the flow rate is controlled to be 2.75L/h, and the application time is 2h every time:
s1.2.1, spring shoot period: the application time is 2 months and 5 days, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is taken as the main material, the application concentration is 500 times, and the application concentration is 800 times by matching with the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.2, flowering and fruiting period: the application time is 3 months and 20 days, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 500 times, and simultaneously the fertilizer is matched with microelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 900 times;
s1.2.3, autumn shoot: the fertilizer is mainly a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 500 times, is matched with a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 800 times, starts to be applied 15 days before autumn comes, is applied for 3 times in total, and is applied for 1 time every 10 days;
s1.2.4, after fruit picking: within 7 days after fruit picking, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the application concentration is 500 times;
the well-done soil water management is enhanced, if the continuous raining does not happen for 15 days in the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, the water and fertilizer integrated system is singly used for irrigating once, and the irrigation quantity is up to the soil water content of 60%;
s1.3, auxiliary leaf surface correction: supplementing medium and trace elements such as boron, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, calcium and the like by spraying fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, determining the type and the dosage of fertilizer for the leaf surfaces according to corresponding nutrient deficiency symptoms of the leaves, and specifically judging the method by referring to related books of citrus nutrition and fertilizer application, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer for the leaf surfaces is controlled at 0.15 percent, and the operation time is 9 am;
s2, orchard ecological management:
s2.1, grass growing management: the mode of combining grass generation and grass prevention cloth covering is adopted: grass is grown on the surface of a slope or rows, grass prevention cloth is covered on the surfaces of the planting rows, the grass type can be benign weeds naturally growing in an orchard, some benign grass can also be cultivated, the variety is mainly leguminous, gramineae or alfalfa and the like, the grass generation degree is subject to the condition that the grass is not directly contacted with a tree body and does not influence the farming operation, the grass is cut by a mower when the grass is too high or too long, single-layer black ground cloth or double-layer non-woven cloth can be selected as the grass prevention cloth, the grass prevention cloth is required to have good water and air permeability, the service life can reach 4 years, the width is 1.4m, the length is determined according to the situation of the orchard, the grass prevention cloth covers the two sides of the planting rows by taking the tree body as an axis, and the;
s2.2, insect pest prevention and control: establishing a multi-dimensional linkage prevention and control network of 'agriculture + physics + biology + chemistry', and performing according to the priority of agriculture prevention and control, physics prevention and control, biology prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s2.2.1, agricultural control: improving the ventilation and light-permeable environment of the orchard and the tree body, making orchard clearing in winter and making an orchard irrigation and drainage system;
s2.2.2, physical prevention and treatment: applying a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a trapping bottle, a bird repeller and the like;
s2.2.3, biological control: releasing natural enemies, reasonably planting anthelmintic plants, and using biological insecticide.
S2.2.4, chemical prevention and treatment: the chemical pesticide is used, the specific operation method is executed by referring to the actual conditions of local agricultural resources and distribution, novel efficient and environment-friendly medicaments are preferentially selected, and meanwhile, the spraying effect is better by combining mineral oil with the effective component content of more than 95 percent, and the using multiple is 350 times;
the method mainly comprises the steps of preventing and controlling diaphorina citri, red spiders, leaf miners, aphids, longicorn beetles, whiteflies and scale insects, wherein the diaphorina citri is the primary prevention and control object, once the diaphorina citri is found, the diaphorina citri is killed in time, the red spiders are the key prevention and control objects, the red spiders are key work in daily farming operation and the like, and can be used for preventing and controlling by releasing predatory mites or chemical agents;
s2.3, disease prevention and control: an agricultural and chemical prevention and control system is adopted, and the specific agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control method is the same as that in the step S2.2;
the method mainly comprises the steps of planting virus-free seedlings of sugar oranges and killing citrus psyllids, timely cutting down once diseased trees are found, cleaning out the trees, uniformly burning and burying, wherein the citrus yellow dragon disease is a main control object, purchasing the virus-free seedlings and making preventive measures, and particularly completing pesticide spraying control 35 days after leaves on new tips germinate (before and after the leaves reach the maximum area) and 55 days after young fruits fall (the end period of the first physiological fruit fall) in windy and rainy days or two days after rainfall is finished;
s3, regulating and managing the flowers and fruits:
s3.1, flower and fruit retention:
s3.1.1, supplementing required trace elements in advance in the prophase of flowering, spraying borax, magnesium sulfate, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like on leaf surfaces for 1 time from the prophase of flowering to the bud stage of spring shoots, wherein the concentration is 0.175%;
s3.1.2, spraying a mixed preparation of gibberellin with the concentration of 0.125ppm, brassin with the concentration of 0.1% and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.19% in the flowering period from 75% to one week after the flowers are withered, and repeating once within 18 days;
s3.1.3, adopting an environment-cutting fruit-protecting method as an auxiliary fruit-protecting measure, mainly used for cutting the trunk cortex for one circle after the blossom of the vigorous tree is withered until the first physiological fruit drop is finished, and repeating the steps once after the wound is healed and the fruit is not stable ideally after 15 days according to the healing conditions of fruit setting and cut;
s3.2, yield control: the tree age of 7-15 years is preferably controlled to be 50-100kg, the yield is 70kg, small fruits, flower skin fruits and diseased fruits are removed in time, and the nutrition consumption of trees is reduced.
S3.3, timely harvesting: harvesting fruits of the sugar oranges in time after the fruits are ripe, harvesting in batches according to the maturity, keeping the trees for no more than 1 month at the latest, and taking measures for keeping warm and resisting cold when the trees meet low-temperature weather, such as spraying 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate solution on the mulch or the leaf surfaces.
Example 3:
the invention provides a healthy cultivation management method of sugar orange fruiting trees, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, tree nutrition management:
s1.1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer: applying the seeds into a flat ditch after picking fruits in winter every year, wherein the digging position of the flat ditch is 20cm away from a tree crown drip, the depth of the ditch is 35cm, and the using amount of each plant is 25 kg;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of peanut bran, 15 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 15 parts of tea bran, 15 parts of granulated sugar orange leaves, 10 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 6 parts of urea and 5 parts of strains;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and then putting into a low-temperature sterilization box for low-temperature sterilization;
step two: mixing the raw materials according to the weight, fully and uniformly stirring, and then adding water accounting for 60 percent of the total mass to uniformly mix;
step three: the mixed material is piled and retted for 40 days for natural fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 40 ℃, and the mixed material is turned over once in the period;
s1.2, application of a water and fertilizer integrated system: the method is mainly applied in four key periods of spring tip period, flowering and fruiting period, autumn tip period and fruit picking, and is simultaneously applied to soil moisture management in flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period, the inner diameter of a drip irrigation pipeline of a water and fertilizer integrated system is 16mm, two drip irrigation pipelines are distributed on each row of trees, 2 water droppers are installed at 80cm positions of the left side and the right side of each pipeline with a trunk as the center, the flow rate is controlled at 3L/h, and the application time is 2.5h each time:
s1.2.1, spring shoot period: the application time is 2 months and 5 days, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is taken as the main material, the application concentration is 600 times, and the application concentration is 1000 times by matching with the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.2, flowering and fruiting period: the application time is 4 months and 5 days, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 600 times, and the application concentration of 1000 times is matched with the microelement water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.3, autumn shoot: the fertilizer is mainly a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 600 times, is matched with a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 1000 times, starts to be applied 15 days before autumn comes, is applied for 3 times in total, and is applied for 1 time every 10 days;
s1.2.4, after fruit picking: within 7 days after fruit picking, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, and the application concentration is 600 times;
the well-done soil water management is enhanced, if the continuous raining does not happen for 15 days in the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period, the water and fertilizer integrated system is singly used for irrigating once, and the irrigation quantity is only needed to reach the soil water content of 65%;
s1.3, auxiliary leaf surface correction: supplementing medium and trace elements such as boron, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, calcium and the like by spraying fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, determining the type and the dosage of fertilizer for the leaf surfaces according to corresponding nutrient deficiency symptoms of the leaves, and specifically judging the method by referring to related books of citrus nutrition and fertilizer application, wherein the concentration of the fertilizer for the leaf surfaces is controlled at 0.3 percent, and the operation time is 4 hours in the afternoon;
s2, orchard ecological management:
s2.1, grass growing management: the mode of combining grass generation and grass prevention cloth covering is adopted: grass is grown on the surface of a slope or rows, grass prevention cloth is covered on the surfaces of the planting rows, the grass type can be benign weeds naturally growing in an orchard, some benign grass can also be cultivated, the variety is mainly leguminous, gramineae or alfalfa and the like, the grass generation degree is subject to the condition that the grass is not directly contacted with a tree body and does not influence the farming operation, the grass is cut by a mower when the grass is too high or too long, single-layer black ground cloth or double-layer non-woven cloth can be selected as the grass prevention cloth, the grass prevention cloth is required to have good water and air permeability, the service life can reach 5 years, the width is 1.5m, the length is determined according to the situation of the orchard, the grass prevention cloth covers the two sides of the planting rows by taking the tree body as an axis, and the;
s2.2, insect pest prevention and control: establishing a multi-dimensional linkage prevention and control network of 'agriculture + physics + biology + chemistry', and performing according to the priority of agriculture prevention and control, physics prevention and control, biology prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s2.2.1, agricultural control: improving the ventilation and light-permeable environment of the orchard and the tree body, making orchard clearing in winter and making an orchard irrigation and drainage system;
s2.2.2, physical prevention and treatment: applying a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a trapping bottle, a bird repeller and the like;
s2.2.3, biological control: releasing natural enemies, reasonably planting anthelmintic plants, and using biological insecticide.
S2.2.4, chemical prevention and treatment: the chemical pesticide is used, the specific operation method is executed by referring to the actual conditions of local agricultural resources and distribution, novel efficient and environment-friendly medicaments are preferentially selected, and meanwhile, the spraying effect is better by combining mineral oil with the effective component content of more than 95 percent, and the using multiple is 500 times;
the method mainly comprises the steps of preventing and controlling diaphorina citri, red spiders, leaf miners, aphids, longicorn beetles, whiteflies and scale insects, wherein the diaphorina citri is the primary prevention and control object, once the diaphorina citri is found, the diaphorina citri is killed in time, the red spiders are the key prevention and control objects, the red spiders are key work in daily farming operation and the like, and can be used for preventing and controlling by releasing predatory mites or chemical agents;
s2.3, disease prevention and control: an agricultural and chemical prevention and control system is adopted, and the specific agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control method is the same as that in the step S2.2;
the method mainly comprises the steps of planting virus-free seedlings of sugar oranges and killing citrus psyllids, timely cutting down once diseased trees are found, cleaning out the trees, uniformly burning and burying, wherein the citrus yellow dragon disease is a main control object, purchasing the virus-free seedlings and making preventive measures, and particularly, spraying pesticide for preventing and controlling 50 days after leaves on new tips germinate (before and after the leaves reach the maximum area) and 70 days after young fruits fall (the end period of the first physiological fruit fall) in windy and rainy days or within two days after rainfall is finished;
s3, regulating and managing the flowers and fruits:
s3.1, flower and fruit retention:
s3.1.1, supplementing required trace elements in advance in the prophase of flowering, spraying borax, magnesium sulfate, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like on leaf surfaces for 1 time when the concentration is 0.2% from the prophase of flowering to the bud stage of spring shoots;
s3.1.2, spraying a mixed preparation of gibberellin with the concentration of 0.15ppm, brassin with the concentration of 0.1% and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% in the flowering period from 80% to one week after the flowers are withered, and repeating once within 20 days;
s3.1.3, adopting an environment-cutting fruit-protecting method as an auxiliary fruit-protecting measure, mainly used for cutting the trunk cortex for one circle after the blossom of the vigorous tree is withered until the first physiological fruit drop is finished, and repeating the steps once after the wound is healed and the fruit is not stable ideally after 15 days according to the healing conditions of fruit setting and cut;
s3.2, yield control: the tree age of 7-15 years is preferably controlled to be 50-100kg, the yield is 100kg, small fruits, flower skin fruits and diseased fruits are removed in time, and the nutrition consumption of trees is reduced.
S3.3, timely harvesting: harvesting fruits of the sugar oranges in time after the fruits are ripe, harvesting in batches according to the maturity, keeping the trees for no more than 1 month at the latest, and taking measures for keeping warm and resisting cold when the trees meet low-temperature weather, such as spraying 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate solution on the mulch or the leaf surfaces.
The tree health degree and yield of the planting method of the embodiment 1-3 of the invention are evaluated, and the evaluation results are as follows:
TABLE 1 sugar orange health
Figure BDA0002403990080000151
TABLE 2 sugar orange yield analysis
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Age of tree 7 years old For 10 years 15 years old
Average yield 55kg 72kg 104kg
According to the 3 embodiments, the stable growth capacity of the sugar orange fruiting tree can be obviously improved by adopting a systematic management method, the high-level leaf chlorophyll content and the high-level nutrient element content are stably maintained, the nutrient level and the growth development level of the sugar orange fruiting tree are in an optimal state for a long time, the disease and insect pest resistance of the tree body is further enhanced, the occurrence rate of yellowing trees is reduced to the greatest extent, and the production capacity and the planting benefit of the sugar orange are continuously improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. A healthy cultivation management method for sugar orange fruiting trees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, tree nutrition management:
s1.1, additionally applying an organic fertilizer: applying the seeds into a flat ditch after picking fruits in winter every year, wherein the digging position of the flat ditch is 15-30cm away from a tree crown drip, the depth of the ditch is 25-35cm, and the using amount of each plant is 20-25 kg;
s1.2, application of a water and fertilizer integrated system: the fertilizer is mainly applied in four key periods of spring shoot period, flowering and fruiting period, autumn shoot period and fruit picking, and is simultaneously applied to soil moisture management in flowering and fruit setting period and fruit expanding period:
s1.2.1, spring shoot period: within 2 months, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is mainly applied with the concentration of 400-fold and 600-fold, and the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer is matched with the concentration of 600-fold and 1000-fold;
s1.2.2, flowering and fruiting period: the application time is 3 months from the bottom to the beginning of 4 months, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 400-fold and 600-fold, and simultaneously the application concentration of 800-fold and 1000-fold by matching with the microelement water-soluble fertilizer;
s1.2.3, autumn shoot: the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 600 times of 400-fold, is matched with secondary element water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 1000-fold, starts to be applied 15 days before autumn release, is applied for 3 times in total and is applied for 1 time every 10 days;
s1.2.4, after fruit picking: within 7 days after fruit picking, the fertilizer mainly comprises macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the application concentration of 400-600 times;
s1.3, auxiliary leaf surface correction: the foliage spray fertilizer supplements medium and trace elements such as boron, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, calcium and the like;
s2, orchard ecological management:
s2.1, grass growing management: the mode of combining grass generation and grass prevention cloth covering is adopted: growing grass on the slope or between the rows, and covering the surfaces of the planting rows with grass prevention cloth;
s2.2, insect pest prevention and control: establishing a multi-dimensional linkage prevention and control network of 'agriculture + physics + biology + chemistry', and performing according to the priority of agriculture prevention and control, physics prevention and control, biology prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
s2.2.1, agricultural control: improving the ventilation and light-permeable environment of the orchard and the tree body, making orchard clearing in winter and making an orchard irrigation and drainage system;
s2.2.2, physical prevention and treatment: applying a vibration frequency type insect killing lamp, an insect sticking plate, a trapping bottle, a bird repeller and the like;
s2.2.3, biological control: releasing natural enemies, reasonably planting anthelmintic plants, and using biological insecticide.
S2.2.4, chemical prevention and treatment: the chemical pesticide is used, the specific operation method is executed by referring to the actual conditions of local agricultural resources distribution, novel efficient and environment-friendly medicaments are preferentially selected, and meanwhile, the spraying effect is better by combining the mineral oil with the effective component content of more than 95 percent, and the using multiple is 200-fold and 500-fold;
s2.3, disease prevention and control: an agricultural and chemical prevention and control system is adopted, and the specific agricultural prevention and control and chemical prevention and control method is the same as that in the step S2.2;
s3, regulating and managing the flowers and fruits:
s3.1, flower and fruit retention:
s3.1.1, supplementing required trace elements in advance in the prophase of flowering, spraying borax, magnesium sulfate, amino acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like on leaf surfaces for 1 time from the prophase of flowering to the bud stage of spring shoots, wherein the concentration is 0.15-0.2%;
s3.1.2, spraying a mixed preparation of gibberellin with the concentration of 0.1-0.15ppm, brassin with the concentration of 0.1% and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.18-0.2% in a flowering period from 70-80% to one week after the flowers are withered, and repeating once within 15-20 days;
s3.1.3, adopting an environment-cutting fruit-protecting method as an auxiliary fruit-protecting measure, mainly used for cutting the trunk cortex for one circle after the blossom of the vigorous tree is withered until the first physiological fruit drop is finished, and repeating the steps once after the wound is healed and the fruit is not stable ideally after 15 days according to the healing conditions of fruit setting and cut;
s3.2, yield control: the tree age of 7-15 years is preferably controlled to be 50-100kg, the yield is kept to be increased by 10 percent year by year, small fruits, flower skin fruits and diseased fruits are removed in time, and the nutrition consumption of trees is reduced.
S3.3, timely harvesting: harvesting fruits of the sugar oranges in time after the fruits are ripe, harvesting in batches according to the maturity, keeping the trees for no more than 1 month at the latest, and taking measures for keeping warm and resisting cold when the trees meet low-temperature weather, such as spraying 0.2% amino acid foliar fertilizer and monopotassium phosphate solution on the mulch or the leaf surfaces.
2. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1.1, the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of cow dung, 15-25 parts of peanut bran, 8-15 parts of tobacco leaf residues, 8-15 parts of tea bran, 5-15 parts of granulated sugar orange leaves, 5-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-6 parts of urea and 3-5 parts of strains;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: putting the raw materials into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and then putting into a low-temperature sterilization box for low-temperature sterilization;
step two: mixing the above materials at a certain proportion, stirring thoroughly, adding 40-60% water, and mixing well;
step three: the mixed material is piled and retted for 30 to 40 days for natural fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30 to 40 ℃, and the mixed material is turned over once in the period.
3. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1.2, the inner diameter of the drip irrigation pipeline of the water and fertilizer integrated system is 13-16mm, two drip irrigation pipelines are distributed on each row of the tree, 2 drippers are arranged at the positions 50-80cm away from the left side and the right side of each pipeline by taking the tree trunk as the center, the flow rate is controlled to be 2.5-3L/h, and the application time is 1.5-2.5h each time.
4. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) strengthening soil water management in the step (S1.2), and if the flowering and fruit setting period and the fruit expansion period are in continuous raining failure for 15 days, independently irrigating once by using the water and fertilizer integrated system, wherein the irrigation quantity is up to 55-65% of the water content of the soil.
5. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1.3, the type and the dosage of the foliar fertilizer are determined according to the corresponding nutrient deficiency symptoms of the leaves, the foliar fertilizer concentration is controlled to be 0.1-0.3%, and the operation time is preferably 9-11 am or 3-5 pm.
6. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2.1, the types of the grass can be benign weeds naturally growing in the orchard, some benign grass can also be cultivated, the varieties are mainly leguminous, gramineae or alfalfa and the like, the degree of the grass is subject to the condition that the grass is not in direct contact with a tree body and does not influence the farming operation, the grass is cut by a mower when the grass is too high or too long, a single-layer black ground cloth or a double-layer non-woven fabric can be selected as the grass-prevention cloth, the water and air permeability is required to be good, the service life can reach 3-5 years, the width is 1.35-1.5m, the length is determined according to the situation of the orchard, the grass-prevention cloth covers the two sides of the planting rows by taking the tree body as an axis, and the transparent environment of.
7. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2.2, the prevention and control of diaphorina citri, red spider, leaf miner, aphid, longicorn, whitefly and scale insect are mainly performed, wherein the diaphorina citri is the primary prevention and control object, once found, the citrus red spider is the key prevention and control object, and the prevention and control of the red spider is the key work in daily farming operation and the like, and can be controlled by releasing predatory mites or chemical agents.
8. The method for healthy cultivation and management of sugar orange fruiting trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2.3, prevention and control of yellow dragon disease, canker, anthracnose, scab and soot are mainly performed, wherein the orange yellow dragon disease is the primary prevention and control object, the main prevention and control method comprises the steps of planting virus-free seedlings of sugar oranges and killing citrus psyllids, once diseased trees are found, timely felling is performed, uniform burning and burying treatment is performed after the diseased trees are cleared out of the garden, the orange canker is the key prevention and control object, and the main method comprises the steps of purchasing the virus-free seedlings and performing preventive measures, particularly, spraying prevention and control are performed in two days before or two days after rainfall is finished and 40-70 days after young fruits are fallen in the garden each time, and if the weather is strong wind and rainfall is finished.
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