CN109526522A

CN109526522A - A kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN109526522A
Application number: CN201811625600.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 施庆华; 高进; 施洋; 戚永奎; 陈建平; 蔡立旺; 孙艳茹; 陈涛; 王海洋
Original assignee: Jiangsu Institute of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Jiangsu Institute of Coastal Area Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2018-12-28
Filing date: 2018-12-28
Publication date: 2019-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-28
Also published as: CN109526522B

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation methods, belong to crop planting technical field, selection, greenhouse including field and kind are built, field prepares, sapling is colonized and be laid with drip irrigation zone, seedling management, First Year fruiting period management and the best fruiting period management and etc.；Wherein seedling management includes: that trimming tree-shaped, moisture management, fertilizer application, the trimming of fruitful branch, skeleton branch molding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, weed control and field are loosened the soil；First Year fruiting period management includes overlay film heat preservation, water management, fertilizer application, epidemic disaster management, honeybee supple-mentary pollination, fruit thinning determines fruit, summer and autumn trimming and adjustment density, winter pruning, disease pest and weed are prevented and treated and field is loosened the soil.The present invention is relatively advanced to the management in orchard, and the management measure taken is scientific and reasonable, and production and operation mode is higher, and chemical residue is not exceeded in product, and fruit quality optimization can list, better economic benefit in advance；Also help environmental protection and water and soil conservation.

Description

A kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to crop planting technical fields, are specifically related to a kind of nectarine intelligence facility Efficient Cultivation side Method.

Background technique

Nectarine: rosaceae, peach family plant seed.Pulp nutrition is very abundant, containing sugared 13%, organic acid 1.5%, pectin 1%, albumen Matter 1.1%, every 100 grams of pulp contain 12 milligrams of vitamin C, 40 milligrams of phosphorus, 12 milligrams of calcium, 0.8 milligram of iron, 14.5 milligrams of magnesium.This Amino acids, the carrotene etc. also wanted outside containing 17 kinds of needed by human body.The ascorbic content of nectarine is very high, a green oil Vitamin C contained by peach almost can satisfy adult needed for one day.Vitamin C not only facilitates body absorption iron, maintenance is immunized System can also promote wound to scab healing.Nectarine pericarp is hairless, fruit color is bright-coloured charming, and aromatic flavour, meat are delicate, fresh and sweet It is palatable, liked by consumer very much.

Littoral Jiangsu Province sunshine is abundant, abundant rainfall, makes a clear distinction between the four seasons, and is well suited for the growth and development and production green of nectarine The high-quality nectarine of health.Littoral Jiangsu Province planting patterns is mainly based on the facility cultivation of the cold canopy of single thin film at present, oil Peach Time To Market is later, and economic benefit is poor, in winter vulnerable to freeze injury in the condition of a disaster of accidental extreme low temperature.While orchard Management relies primarily on artificial experience, fertilizer irrigation by rule of thumb, lacks the scientific basis of system, large labor intensity, production and operation effect Rate is low；Orchard high yield relies primarily on a large amount of investments of agriculture chemical, and the use of a large amount of agriculture chemicals causes agricultural product residual super Mark, fruit quality decline, environmental pollution and the soil salinization, constitute a serious threat to environmental protection and water and soil conservation.

Summary of the invention

1. technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method is provided, to orchard Management it is relatively advanced, the management measure taken is scientific and reasonable, and production and operation mode is higher, and chemical residue does not surpass in product Mark, fruit quality optimization, can list, better economic benefit in advance；Also help environmental protection and water and soil conservation.

2. technical solution

To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:

A kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

(1) selection in field and kind

The with fresh air, water cleaning of field selection, topography it is flat it is open, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil and it is not contaminated, Lower water level is not higher than 1 meter, the good plot of irrigation condition；

The short low temperature early-maturing variety of the variety selection of nectarine；

(2) greenhouse is built

Greenhouse selects heat preservation super large canopy, and greenhouse north-south is built, and north-south length reaches 160m, and East and West direction width reaches 32m, A height of 8m at center, a height of 1.1m of two sides；Specific build process are as follows:

First build the steel frame construction of greenhouse, i.e., it is vertical per adjacent two rows of steel pipes in 3 row's steel pipe post of north-south spaced set Spacing between column is 8m, and the spacing between every adjacent two steel pipe posts of same row is 3.5m, and two end side of greenhouse north and south is each Equipped with 9 bearing diagonal columns, main support is arranged one every 3.5m at the top of greenhouse, is equidistantly equipped between every adjacent two main supports 4 secondary supports；Then fly net and the dedicated 8S P0 film of greenhouse are covered in the steel frame construction outer surface, also in the film table Windproof rope is set on face and covers waterproof pearl cotton thermal insulation material；

After greenhouse external structure has been built, automatic air discharging machine, Automaitc shade-rolling machine and liquid manure integrated equipment are installed in greenhouse, And Temperature Humidity Sensor is installed respectively in the north and south both direction of greenhouse；Using technology of Internet of things, by above equipment and temperature and humidity Sensor is connected respectively the output end and input terminal of control system, and the control system is also connected with the micro- end of 4G cell phone and computer End；

(3) field prepares

It before field planting, digs and applies base manure, then ridging, the beam overall of single ridge and ditch is 4m, between every adjacent two ridges The width and depth of the ditch of formation are 60cm, and black thin film is spread in ditch, to protect irrigation canals and ditches, prevent from growing grass；

(4) sapling field planting and laying drip irrigation zone

At the beginning of 12 months, the nontoxic seedling of grafting for 1 year of robust plant, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm is selected to be colonized, the tree of selection A height of 95~100cm of seedling, the initial density of field planting are as follows: 220 plants/acre, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1.5m；Then it is spread on the outside of sapling If three belt liquid manure one drip irrigation zones；

(5) seedling management

The seedling stage of nectarine is only to cover fly net to awning film at the beginning of 12 months next year, is removed, keep sapling open country natural after field planting Growth；Management content includes: trimming tree-shaped, moisture management, fertilizer application, the trimming of fruitful branch, skeleton branch forms, pest and disease damage is prevented It controls, weed control and field are loosened the soil；

(6) First Year fruiting period management

First Year period is the year end in third year to after being colonized in December of second year after being colonized；The management content of period is such as Under:

1. overlay film is kept the temperature

The early December covering film and insulation quilt of second year after field planting；

2. water management

It according to soil moisture after overlay film, waters for the last time at the beginning of watering in 1 month 1 time, 4 months, holding soil moisture is 65%~75%；

3. fertilizer application

After overlay film to before harvesting, it is likely to occur the symptom of fertilizer deficiency for tree body, applies Water soluble fertilizer: before swollen fruit, application 1~2 Secondary Water soluble fertilizer is separated by 15~20 days per the adjacent time applied fertilizer twice, applies sulfenyl by 7~9kg/ mus of dosage when fertilising every time Ternary Water soluble fertilizer, the content of N, P, K are respectively 15%, 15%, 15% in the fertilizer；The swollen fruit later period to before harvesting, applies 1 water Molten fertilizer applies sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer by 7~9kg/ mus of dosages, in the fertilizer content of N, P, K be respectively 12%, 3%, 45%；

After harvesting, by the end of May, 1 ternary compound fertilizer is applied using 4 perforated methods by 20~25kg/ mus of dosages；9 The end of month imposes ternary compound fertilizer using 4 perforated methods by 50~55kg/ mus of dosages for the second time；Early November chases after for the third time Fertilizer applies decay sheep excrement by 1t/ mus of dosages, by broadcast application between every adjacent rows plant, and is shallowly turned over small-sized machine It covers in burying, the depth digged is 15~20cm；

Post flowering sprays 3 biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizers and 2 procyanidine composite foliage fertilizers, sprays leaf twice per adjacent Interval time >=10 day of leaven, the time for spraying biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer for the first time is second at Post flowering 30~35 days The time for spraying biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer is that spray the time of biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer for the third time in fruit expanding period be in fruit First 30~35 days of harvesting；Spraying the time of procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer for the first time was sprayed for the second time in the Fruit later period The time of procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer is 20~25 days before fruit harvesting；Aforementioned two kinds of foliar fertilizers are with with matching；

4. epidemic disaster management

Temperature management: to next year fructescence after overlay film, carry out temperature management according to each growthdevelopmental stage: work as canopy in the morning When interior temperature reaches 12~13 DEG C, insulation quilt is rolled；Noon starts when temperature of shed reaches higher than 2 DEG C of each breeding time lower limit Ventilation；Close ventilation opening when temperature of shed is dropped to higher than 2 DEG C of each breeding time lower limit in the afternoon；

The fruit harvesting phase, mid-May~by the end of May, ventilation opening whole day is opened；After harvesting, insulation quilt and greenhouse are removed Film allows fruit tree to be in natural environment growth；

Air humidity management: humidity is adjusted by adjusting ventilation opening, when relative humidity is higher, keeps ventilation；

It is as follows to the management parameters of its day temperature, nocturnal temperature and relative air humidity in the different growing of fruit tree: Budding period, control day temperature are 13~18 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 4~6 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 60%~80%；It blooms Phase, control day temperature are 16~20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 5~10 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 50%~60%；Young fruit period, Controlling day temperature is 18~22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10~15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；Fruit expanding period, control Day temperature is 20~25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10~15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；Fructescence controls daytime Temperature is 25~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；

5. honeybee supple-mentary pollination

When fruit tree enters flowering stage, honeybee is put in greenhouse in a suitable place to breed, the stocking rate of honeybee is 1 case/3 mu, 4000/case, honeybee It needs to remove yellow, backboard during supple-mentary pollination, and closes insecticidal lamp in the bee activity time；Honeybee is taken out after florescence；

6. fruit thinning determines fruit

Fruit thinning occurs to carry out after first time physiological fallen fruit in fruit tree, in Xie Huahou 25~30 days, extracts depauperation, abnormal Shape is erected fruit and fruitlet, without leaf fruit, stays and grows well-balanced elongated big fruit, staying fruit amount is 2~2.5 times for setting yield；It is fixed Fruit carries out before stone after second of physiological fallen fruit, in Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to the setting yield of the first annual bearing, and every Skeleton branch stays 8~12 fruits: every root long fruit branch stays 2, and every medium fruit branch stays 1~2, and every fruit spur stays 0~1, weak Fruit branch does not stay fruit；

7. summer and autumn trimming and adjustment density

After fruit harvesting, summer pruning is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, suitably cuts off part back branch, prosperous growth branch, and it is logical to improve tree body Wind translucency prevents branch amount in tree crown from leading to closing greatly；If branch trimming excessively, will lead to fruit tree mobile jib day burn by Wound, August is just skeleton branch oblique pull at 45 DEG C of angles, fixed tree-shaped；When young sprout grows to 5cm or so, useless bud and young sprout are removed；

After First Year period harvests, fruit tree line-spacing is constant, spacing in the rows is adjusted to 3m, the density of fruit tree is adjusted to 110 plants/acre；

8. winter pruning

Mid-November~early December, contract cutting updates with fruit branch, and too long side shoot shorten to 40~45cm, cuts off Disease, worm, wound, weak fruit branch, every side shoot select and remain 3 healthy and strong fruitful branches, and fruitful branch length is left 10~15cm, per adjacent two Root knot fruit branch 15~20cm of interval, cuts off other prosperous growth branches, back branch, descending branch, and the contracting of skeleton branch length is cut to 80~ 100cm；

9. disease pest and weed prevention and treatment is loosened the soil with field

In terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, rely mainly on prevention, it is many-sided using a variety of administering methods from agricultural, physics, biology and chemistry The green prevention and control technology combined；

Cultural control: selection disease-resistant variety pays attention to draining in time, keeps the suitable soil in field wet in rainwater multiple season Degree；Reinforce peach garden integrated management, improve ventilation and penetrating light, enhance tree vigo(u)r, improves disease resistance；Reasonable pruning simultaneously, in time Sick branch is wiped out, dry branches and fallen leaves is cleaned, is struck off after tree body fallen leaves and stick up skin, scab on trunk, and clean out garden in time and concentrate and burn It ruins；

Physics and biological control: fly net is covered at greenhouse ventilation opening, yellow plate, backboard, insecticidal lamp, sex inducement are placed in canopy Agent etc.；

Chemical prevention: strike off trunk stick up skin, scab after, tree trunk base portion is whitewashed, germination initial stage spray 3~5 degree of lime sulfurs, According to pest and disease damage, a situation arises during entire fertility, selects biological agent, the high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual for meeting 4285 standard of GB Chemical agent prevented and treated in time；

Weed control uses artificial weeding；Second year loosens the soil 1 time at the beginning of 6 months after field planting, using small-sized machine from tree root It loosens the soil at 40cm, the depth loosened the soil is 10~15cm；

(7) best fruiting period manages

1. fruit thinning determines fruit

Fruit thinning method is identical as the vegetables and fruits method of First Year period, determines fruit stone after second of physiological fallen fruit and advances Row, in Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to the setting yield in the best fruiting period, every skeleton branch stays 30~35 fruits: every root long fruit branch stayed 2 ~3, every medium fruit branch stays 1~2, and every fruit spur stays 0~1, and weak fruit branch does not stay fruit；

2. fertilizer application

To fruit expanding period after overlay film, the symptom of fertilizer deficiency is likely to occur for tree body, applies 1~2 Water soluble fertilizer, per it is adjacent twice The time of fertilising is separated by 15~20 days, applies sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer, the fertilizer by 9~12kg/ mus of dosage when fertilising every time The content of middle N, P, K are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%；Fruit expanding period, by 35~40kg/ mus of dosages using 4 perforated method applications Sulfur ternary composite fertilizer；

After harvesting, by the end of May, 1 ternary compound fertilizer is applied using 4 perforated methods by 25~30kg/ mus of dosages；9 The end of month imposes ternary compound fertilizer using 4 perforated methods by 55~60kg/ mus of dosages for the second time；Early November, by 1~ 1.25t/ mus of dosage applies decay sheep excrement, by broadcast application between every adjacent rows plant, then is shallowly overturned with small-sized machine In burying, the depth digged is 15~20cm；Growing up with tree body later, the fertilizer applied is all in accordance with Field Fertility situation Suitably increased and decreased；

Post flowering sprays biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer and procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer to before harvesting, the method sprayed and the The spraying method of the corresponding foliar fertilizer of 1 year period is identical；

3. other management measures are identical as the management measure of First Year period.

Specifically, the concrete operations of base manure are digged and applied described in step (3) are as follows: are directly turned over after crushing fresh rice straw It is pressed in field, field turns over the fresh rice straw of 600kg per acre, then applies decay sheep excrement to field by 1t/ mus of dosage, by 30kg/ mus Dosage apply phosphate fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer₂O₅Content be 12%, base manure apply after by 20~30cm depth carry out rotary tillage, make soil Earth and fertilizer sufficiently mix.The straw-returning sheep dung decomposed with application can increase the soil organism as base manure, improve soil group Kernel structure, improves soil texture, and level of increasing soil fertility promotes the development of edaphon vigor and fruit tree root system, enhancing The anti-adversity abilities such as fruit tree drought resisting, waterlogging, disease-resistant produce green and healthy so as to promote nectarine quality and improve yield for the later period High-quality fruit lay a good foundation.

Specifically, the concrete operations of the field planting of sapling described in step (4) are as follows: use north and south row Xiang Dingzhi, sapling is laid flat On ridge, the soil on ridge is taken to enclose in tree root surrounding, forms a height of 20~25cm, diameter as the hill of 40~50cm, sapling It is poured water into ditch after field planting to covering 5~8cm of ridge face；Water in ditch is emptied after 8~10h, keeps soil sufficiently heavy real, and root system and soil Earth is in close contact；Etc. soil moisture when restoring to 65%~75%, take the soil on ridge to enclose in tree root surrounding again, keep small soil The height of heap is 20~25cm, and diameter is 40~50cm, then soil is taken to be covered in around hill, avoids root system exposed and soil plate Tie crack.The method of unrestrained ridge watering does not destroy soil texture；Level ridges enclose soil mode of planting by peach root system around and below Soil texture is good, moisture is reasonable, while being in close contact again with root system, is conducive to root regeneration growth, improves survival rate, the coming year Growing way is strong after sapling germination.

Specifically, the concrete operations of three belt liquid manure one drip irrigation zones are laid with described in step (4) are as follows: from sapling mobile jib At 10cm, at each 30cm of the right and left, it is laid with 3 liquid manure one drip irrigation zones altogether, the pipeline for being located at greenhouse periphery is carried out antifreeze Insulation.The structure of soil can be kept using liquid manure one trickle irrigation, increased soil moisture nutrient, prevented air humidity excessive； The more conventional belt trickle irrigation of three belt trickle irrigations, liquid manure distribution is more uniform, when being conducive to promote fruit quality, and shortening pouring Between；Especially in temperature lower winter, if watering time is too long, soil temperature decline after cannot restore in time, be unfavorable for tree body and Fruit development, the present invention can shorten watering time to avoid this thing happens.

Specifically, step (6) 3. described in biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer specific the preparation method comprises the following steps: first handle biogas slurry, take just Biogas slurry in often production gas 3 months or more methane-generating pits, the biogas slurry of taking-up, which is sent into, stores up stack retting in fertile pond, after clarification 5~7 days, with sand It is placed 2~3 days after cloth filtering；Then boron, calcareous fertilisers solution are prepared, the application according to tree body, the nutrition condition of fruit and safety is dense Degree, selectes the taken amount of clear water to be added, sugar alcohol boron fertilizer and sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium, after three is mixed, makes sugar alcohol boron fertilizer 1300~1500 times of liquid, sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium are 1300~2000 times of liquid, and boron, calcareous fertilisers solution is made；Biogas slurry solution is prepared again, is pressed 7~10kg/ mus of dosage takes biogas slurry, is diluted with clear water, and the weight ratio of biogas slurry and water is 1:1~2, is configured to biogas slurry solution； Finally boron, calcareous fertilisers solution and biogas slurry solution are mixed, obtain biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer.

Amino acid rich in, organized enzyme, mineral nutrient element etc. in decomposed biogas slurry, Nutrient availability is high, also Containing the ingredient that can destroy unicellular germ cell film and vivo protein, peach can increase yield, improve fruit after spraying Quality, enhancing tree body resistance, while the breeding of effectively control disinfect pathogen and pest；Sugar alcohol boron fertilizer and sugar are added in biogas slurry Alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium can promote cell division, increases number of cells, and make cell arrangement neat, prevents dehiscent fruit, obtain for the later period high It produces and excellent shape lays the foundation；In addition, using sugar alcohol boron fertilizer and sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium in this way, also boron calcium can be prevented same When antagonism when applying, achieve the effect that boron calcium is mended altogether.

Specifically, step (6) 3. described in procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer it is specific the preparation method comprises the following steps: in ascorbic acid Clear water is added and is made into the solution that concentration is 5g/L, the natural procyanidins that grape pip extracts are added in ascorbic acid solution, match The procyanidine mixed liquor for being 1.5g/L at concentration, and 150 times are diluted, according to the nutrition condition of tree body and fruit, in former cyanine Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added in the dilution of plain mixed liquor, it is compound to be made into the procyanidine that biphosphate potassium content is 0.2~0.3% Foliar fertilizer.Procyanidine is a kind of water-soluble potent antioxidants, is different substance, anthocyanidin main function with anthocyanidin It is to alleviate eye strain, accelerates vitamin A and synthesize the speed of visual purple on the retina, but it removes free radical, oxidation resistant Ability is then lower than procyanidine；The water-soluble feature of procyanidine, so that its overall absorption rate is anti-oxidant much higher than other Agent (vitamin E, lycopene, astaxanthin etc.)；Procyanidine can be steady in the solution containing ascorbic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate It is fixed to exist, the procyanidin content in fruit can be effectively improved after foliage-spray, significantly improve fruit quality, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is also The mouthfeel and flavor of fruit can be effectively promoted, while promoting the formation of anthocyanidin, increases the color of Peach fruits, promotes appearance product Matter.

Specifically, step (6) 4. in morning when opening ventilation opening, the canopy first exposed to sunlight in the east and heating in the south compared with It is early, very fast, it first divulges information when reaching default ventilation temperature, the north of greenhouse and west heating relatively late, relatively slowly, are then led to afterwards Wind；When close ventilation opening in the afternoon, canopy is in the east and cooling in the south is relatively early, very fast, closes ventilation opening temperature Shi Xianguan when reaching default Ventilation opening, the north of greenhouse and west cooling relatively late, relatively slowly, then close ventilation opening afterwards.According to the temperature of different zones, subregion Open and close ventilation opening can create well-balanced growing environment for each area's tree body, and effectively prevent not up to temperature region Growth status It is suppressed.

3. beneficial effect

(1) present invention builds heat preservation super large canopy using steel frame construction and can have so that the wind resistance of greenhouse, anti-adversity ability are stronger Effect is withstood natural calamities；Steel frame construction occupies little space, and space is big in canopy, and land utilization ratio is up to 90%, marks much higher than China The utilization rate (land utilization ratio of China's standard green house of vegetables is generally 50%) of quasi- green house of vegetables, in the steel frame construction outer surface Fly net and the dedicated 8S P0 film of greenhouse are covered, compared with greenhouse PE film, the dedicated 8S PO film light transmittance height of greenhouse, mist degree Low, good heat preservation performance is conducive to peach growth, and the film toughness is strong, ageing-resistant, can replace 1 time within 2~3 years, is conducive to save people Work and material cost；Windproof rope is also provided on the dedicated 8S P0 film surface of greenhouse and covers waterproof pearl cotton thermal insulation material, Keep greenhouse inside holding effect good, thus the nectarine cultivated list 25 ahead of time than the nectarine that the cold canopy of common single thin film is cultivated~ 30 days, better economic benefit.

(2) present invention uses technology of Internet of things, by warm and humid in the micro- end of 4G cell phone and computer end real-time monitoring, regulation greenhouse Environment is spent, system is collected by the online high-acruracy survey and signal collector of respective sensor, transmits information, carried out to information After analysis, each control equipment is sent an instruction to, automatically completes the production operations such as ventilation, cooling, irrigation, realizes accurate, section Management orchard advantageously reduces the labor intensity of staff, improves production and operation mode.

(3) auxiliary in overlay film heat preservation, water management, fertilizer application, epidemic disaster management, honeybee in management measure of the invention Fruit is determined in pollination, fruit thinning, summer and autumn trims and adjustment density, winter pruning, disease pest and weed prevention and treatment and field are loosened the soil etc. is helped to apply The use of chemical fertilizer is reduced using the fertilizing method of multiplicity with scientific and reasonable management measure；For pest and disease damage, rely mainly on prevention, from Agricultural, physics, biology and the many-sided green prevention and control technology combined using a variety of administering methods of chemistry, greatly reduce pesticide It uses.Realize high yield, chemical residue is not exceeded in produced nectarine, and fruit quality optimization can also prevent the pollution of the environment And the soil salinization, be conducive to environmental protection and water and soil conservation.

To sum up, the present invention is relatively advanced to the management in orchard, and the management measure taken is scientific and reasonable, production and operation mode compared with Height, chemical residue is not exceeded in product, and fruit quality optimization can list, better economic benefit in advance；Also help environment Protection and water and soil conservation.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment

A kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method, includes the following steps:

(1) selection in field and kind

The with fresh air, water cleaning of field selection, topography it is flat it is open, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil and it is not contaminated, Lower water level is not higher than 1 meter, the good plot of irrigation condition, because planting nectarine in the high plot of impeded drainage and level of ground water, The bad phenomenons such as root system early ageing, fallen leaves shedding, gummosis can be caused, or even cause plant dead；

The short low temperature early-maturing variety of the variety selection of nectarine is conducive to facility Forcing cultivation, and then lists ahead of time；

(2) greenhouse is built

The heat preservation super large canopy that greenhouse selects space sufficiently large, greenhouse north-south are built, and north-south length reaches 160m, thing 32m, a height of 8m, a height of 1.1m of two sides at center are reached to width；First build greenhouse steel frame construction (so that the wind resistance of greenhouse, Anti-adversity ability is stronger, can effectively withstand natural calamities；Steel frame construction occupies little space, and space is big in canopy, and land utilization ratio is up to 90%, much higher than the utilization rate of China's standard green house of vegetables, 50%) land utilization ratio of China's standard green house of vegetables is generally: 3 row's steel pipe post of spaced set in north-south is 8m per the spacing between adjacent two rows of steel pipe posts, and same row's is every adjacent Spacing between two steel pipe posts is 3.5m, and two end side of greenhouse north and south is respectively provided with 9 bearing diagonal columns, and main support is every at the top of greenhouse It is arranged one every 3.5m, is equidistantly equipped with 4 secondary supports between every adjacent two main supports；Then in the steel frame construction appearance Face covers fly net and the dedicated 8S P0 film of greenhouse, and (compared with greenhouse PE film, the dedicated 8S PO film light transmittance of greenhouse is high, mist Low, good heat preservation performance is spent, is conducive to peach growth, and the film toughness is strong, ageing-resistant, can replace 1 time within 2~3 years, be conducive to save Manually and material cost), windproof rope is then set on the film surface and covers waterproof pearl cotton thermal insulation material and (is protected in greenhouse Temp effect is good, and the nectarine of cultivated nectarine canopy cultivation colder than common single thin film may make to list 25~30 days ahead of time)；

After greenhouse has been built, the mechanized equipments such as automatic air discharging machine, Automaitc shade-rolling machine, liquid manure one are installed in greenhouse, Pay attention to that Temperature Humidity Sensor is installed respectively at the north-south both ends of greenhouse；Subsequent peach garden management uses technology of Internet of things, by 4G hand Temperature and humidity environment in the micro- end of machine and computer end real-time monitoring, regulation greenhouse, system pass through the online high-precision of respective sensor Measurement and signal collector are collected, transmit information, after analyzing information, send an instruction to each control equipment, automate The production operations such as divulge information, cool down, irrigate are completed, realize management orchard precisely, scientific, are conducive to raising production and operation mode；

(3) field prepares

It before field planting, is directly turned over down on the farm after fresh rice straw is crushed, field turns over the fresh rice straw of 600kg per acre, and presses 1t/ Mu dosage to field apply decay sheep excrement (sheep dung is the high-quality organic fertilizer that nutrient is best in livestock manure, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, The content of the substances such as calcium, magnesium is all higher), phosphate fertilizer (wherein P is applied by 30kg/ mus of dosages₂O₅Content be 12%), fertilizer is applied Rotary tillage is carried out by the depth of 20~30cm after entering, mixing soil and fertilizer sufficiently, (straw-returning is made with decomposed sheep dung is applied For base manure, the soil organism can be increased, improve soil aggregate structure, improve soil texture, level of increasing soil fertility promotes soil The development of earth microbial activity and fruit tree root system, the anti-adversity abilities such as enhancing fruit tree drought resisting, waterlogging, disease-resistant, so as to promote nectarine Quality simultaneously improves yield, produces green and healthy high-quality fruit for the later period and lays a good foundation)；Then ridging, single ridge Beam overall with ditch is 4m, and the width and depth of the ditch formed between every adjacent two ridges are 60cm, and it is thin that black is spread in ditch Film, to protect irrigation canals and ditches, prevent from growing grass；

(4) sapling is colonized

1. field planting: at the beginning of 12 months, the nontoxic seedling progress sapling of grafting for 1 year of robust plant, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm being selected to determine It plants, the high 95~100cm of sapling, the initial density of field planting are as follows: 220 plants/acre, line-spacing 2m, spacing in the rows 1.5m；Because of First Year period Tree body is smaller, and bearing capacity is weak, and increasing plantation density can be improved early yield, increase economic benefit, overcome early yield it is low, The problem of deficiency in economic performance, while will not influence vine growth and development；

The concrete operations of sapling plant are as follows: use north and south row Xiang Dingzhi, sapling is lain on ridge, the soil on ridge is taken to enclose In tree root surrounding, a height of 20~25cm is formed, the hill that diameter is 40~50cm, poured water into ditch after sapling field planting to covering Water in ditch is emptied after ridge face 5~8cm, 8~10h, keeps soil sufficiently heavy real, and root system is in close contact with the soil (unrestrained ridge watering Method does not destroy soil texture)；Etc. soil moisture when restoring to 65%~75%, take the soil on ridge to enclose in tree root four again In week, keeping the height of hill is 20~25cm, and diameter is 40~50cm, then soil is taken to be covered in around hill, prevents root system Exposed and soil hardening crack.Level ridges enclose the mode of planting of soil by the soil texture around and below peach root system good, moisture Rationally, while again it is in close contact with root system, is conducive to root regeneration growth, improve survival rate, growing way is strong after the germination of coming year sapling It is strong.

2. three belt liquid manure one trickle irrigations: at from sapling mobile jib 10cm, at each 30cm of the right and left, being laid with 3 water altogether Fertile one drip irrigation zone, carries out heater by service to the pipeline for being located at greenhouse periphery, can keep soil using liquid manure one trickle irrigation Structure, increase soil moisture nutrient, prevent air humidity excessive；The more conventional belt trickle irrigation of three belts, liquid manure are distributed more Add uniformly, is conducive to promote fruit quality, and shorten watering time, especially in temperature lower winter, watering should be in the morning It completes, if watering time is too long, cannot restore in time after soil temperature decline, be unfavorable for tree body and fruit development, this hair The fact that bright avoidable.

(5) seedling management

To awning film at the beginning of 12 months of second year, is removed after field planting, fly net is only covered, open country is grown naturally；Manage content It is as follows:

1. trimming tree-shaped

It carries out trimming fixed pole for the first time second year mid-April after field planting, is trimmed to heart-shaped tree-shaped, every plant is stayed 3~5 to satisfy Full bud, cuts off top, and the height of tree trunk retains 45~50cm；Second year carries out determining branch processing mid-May after field planting, to be left When 3~5 full buds grow up to 10~15cm branch, 3 sturdy branches of health are selected and remain with result skeleton branch to be trained；

2. moisture management

After sapling is colonized and is watered with water, watered according to field soil humidity, keeping soil moisture is 65%~75%, After field planting at the beginning of second year 12 months, it is covered with awning film, it is 65%~75% (if soil moisture is closed that soil moisture is adjusted before covering Reason, then do not water, if soil moisture less than 65%, pours 1 water)；

3. fertilizer application

Second year late May after field planting, determine after branch processing 10 days, applies sulfur ternary composite fertilizer by 8kg/ mus of dosages (content of N, P, K are respectively 15%, 15%, 15% in the fertilizer, and all non-aqueous ternary compound fertilizer used are therewith below It is identical), using 4 perforated methods (following all non-aqueous ternary compound fertilizer fertilizing methods are same) when fertilising: in distance At 30~40cm of tree root, 4 vesicles are uniformly dug, cave depth is 15~20cm, and fertilizer is imposed on rear earthing in the cave and is watered；Field planting Second year late September afterwards, second of top dressing apply ternary compound fertilizer by 45~50kg/ mus of dosages；Second year November after field planting The first tenday period of a month, third time top dressing apply decay sheep excrement by 1t/ mus of dosages, and the broadcast application is between every adjacent rows plant, then uses Small-sized machine, which shallowly overturns, to bury, and the depth digged is 15~20cm；

4. the trimming of fruitful branch

After field planting second year by the end of October~11 month at the beginning of, tree body enters the leaf fall period, trims fruitful branch, the tree vigo(u)r growth of treelet phase Prosperous, fruit branch length is stayed, and the long fruit branch after trimming retains 30~35cm, or slow put is not cut, is returned and is cut again when fruit branch is sagging after result；

5. skeleton branch forms

Second year mid-November~early December after field planting, skeleton branch oblique pull at 45 DEG C of angles and fixed-type；

6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control

Sprout term disease mainly has: peach bacterial shot hole, Peach crown gall, leaf curl of peach, peach bleeding disease etc., insect pest is main Have: leaf miner, black peach aphid worm, oriental fruit months, peach leaf mite, leaf roller, fleahopper silk worm, longicorn etc..

Using relying mainly on prevention, the green prevention and control technology that a variety of administering methods combine；

7. weed control is loosened the soil with field

Weed control uses artificial weeding, and second year loosens the soil 1 time at the beginning of 6 months after field planting, using small-sized machine from tree root It loosens the soil at 40cm, the depth loosened the soil is 10~15cm；

(6) First Year fruiting period management

1. overlay film is kept the temperature: second year early December covering film and insulation quilt after field planting；

2. water management: according to soil moisture after overlay film, watering, keep for the last time at the beginning of watering in 1 month 1 time, 4 months Soil moisture is 65%~75%, promotes the growth and development of bud, flower bud, flower and fruit；

3. fertilizer application

After overlay film to before harvesting, if the symptom of fertilizer deficiency occurs in tree body, Water soluble fertilizer can be applied, with rapid recharge tree body battalion It supports, promotes plant and fruit development: before swollen fruit, 1~2 Water soluble fertilizer can be applied, be separated by per the adjacent time applied fertilizer twice 15~20 days, applying sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer by 7~9kg/ mus of dosage when fertilising every time, (content of N, P, K were divided in the fertilizer Not Wei 15%, 15%, 15%)；The swollen fruit later period to before harvesting, can apply 1 Water soluble fertilizer, apply sulphur by 7~9kg/ mus of dosages Base ternary Water soluble fertilizer (content of N, P, K are respectively 12%, 3%, 45% in the fertilizer), swollen fruit later period apply high potash fertilizer and are conducive to Expanding for fruit is substantial, can increase single fruit weight, optimizes fruit mouthfeel；

After harvesting, by the end of May, 1 ternary compound fertilizer is applied using 4 perforated methods by 20~25kg/ mus of dosages, with Promote the growth of fruit tree nutrition body；By the end of September, tri compound is imposed for the second time using 4 perforated methods by 50~55kg/ mus of dosage Fertilizer；Early November, third time top dressing, by 1t/ mus dosages apply decay sheep excrement, by broadcast application in every adjacent rows plant it Between, then shallowly overturned with small-sized machine and to bury, the depth digged is 15~20cm；

The biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer specific takes normal gas producing 3 months or more natural ponds the preparation method comprises the following steps: first handle biogas slurry Biogas slurry in gas pond, the biogas slurry of taking-up, which is sent into, stores up stack retting in fertile pond, after clarification 5~7 days, places 2~3 days after being filtered with husky cloth； Then prepare boron, calcareous fertilisers solution, according to tree body, the nutrition condition of fruit and safety application concentration, select clear water to be added, The taken amount of sugar alcohol boron fertilizer and sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium after mixing three, makes 1300~1500 times of liquid of sugar alcohol boron fertilizer, sugar alcohol chelating Calcareous fertilisers are 1300~2000 times of liquid, and boron, calcareous fertilisers solution is made；Biogas slurry solution is prepared again, takes natural pond by 7~10kg/ mus of dosage Liquid is diluted with clear water, and the weight ratio of biogas slurry and water is 1:1~2, is configured to biogas slurry solution；Finally boron, calcareous fertilisers solution and biogas slurry Solution mixes, and obtains biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer.

The procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer specific in ascorbic acid the preparation method comprises the following steps: being added clear water and being made into concentration and be The natural procyanidins that grape pip extracts are added in ascorbic acid solution, are made into the original that concentration is 1.5g/L for the solution of 5g/L Anthocyanidin mixed liquor, and 150 times are diluted, according to the nutrition condition of tree body and fruit, in the dilution of procyanidine mixed liquor Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added, is made into the procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer that biphosphate potassium content is 0.2~0.3%.Procyanidine is A kind of water-soluble potent antioxidants are different substance with anthocyanidin, and anthocyanidin main function is to alleviate eye strain, is added Fast vitamin A synthesizes the speed of visual purple on the retina, but it removes free radical, oxidation resistant ability is then lower than former cyanine Element；The water-soluble feature of procyanidine, so that its overall absorption rate is much higher than other antioxidant (vitamin Es, tomato red Element, astaxanthin etc.)；Procyanidine can be stabilized in the solution containing ascorbic acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, after foliage-spray The procyanidin content in fruit can be effectively improved, fruit quality is significantly improved, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also effectively promote fruit Mouthfeel and flavor, while promoting the formation of anthocyanidin, increase the color of Peach fruits, promotes exterior quality.

4. epidemic disaster management

It is as follows to the management parameters of its day temperature, nocturnal temperature and relative air humidity in the different growing of fruit tree Shown in table:

Breeding time	Day temperature (DEG C)	Nocturnal temperature (DEG C)	Relative air humidity (%)
				Budding period	13~18	4~6	60~80
Florescence	16~20	5~10	50~60
				Young fruit period	18~22	10~15	<60
Fruit expanding period	20~25	10~15	<60
				Fructescence	25~28	12~16	<60

Space is big in greenhouse, when open ventilation opening in the morning, the canopy first exposed to sunlight in the east and heating in the south it is relatively early, compared with Fastly, it first divulges information when reaching default ventilation temperature, the north of greenhouse and west heating are relatively slow, relatively slow, then rear venting；Afternoon When closing ventilation opening, canopy is in the east and cooling in the south is relatively early, very fast, closes ventilation opening temperature Shi Xianguan ventilation opening when reaching default, The north of greenhouse and west cooling relatively late, relatively slowly, then close ventilation opening afterwards；According to the temperature of different zones, subregion open and close are logical Good growing environment is created for tree body in air port, effectively prevent not suppressed up to temperature region Growth status.

5. honeybee supple-mentary pollination

When fruit tree enters flowering stage, start to put honeybee in a suitable place to breed in greenhouse, with supple-mentary pollination, the stocking rate of honeybee is 1 case/3 mu, It 4000/case, needs during honeybee supple-mentary pollination to remove yellow, backboard, and close insecticidal lamp, otherwise honeybee meeting in the bee activity time It sticks on desinsection plate (i.e. yellow, backboard) or is killed by insecticidal lamp, influence Pollination Effect, lead to the reduction of nectarine yield；Florescence terminates After take out honeybee；

6. fruit thinning

Fruit thinning carries out in two times, occurs to carry out after first time physiological fallen fruit in fruit tree for the first time, in Xie Huahou 25~30 It, excision depauperation, deformity are erected fruit and fruitlet, without leaf fruit, stay and grow well-balanced elongated big fruit, staying fruit amount is to set 2~2.5 times of fixed output quota amount；

Second of fruit thinning also weighed fruit, carries out before stone after second of physiological fallen fruit, in Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to The setting yield (500kg/ mus) of First Year, every skeleton branch stay 8~12 fruits: long fruit branch stays 2, and medium fruit branch stays 1~2 A, fruit spur stays 0~1, and weak fruit branch does not stay fruit；

7. summer and autumn trimming and adjustment density

After fruit harvesting, summer pruning is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, suitably cuts off part back branch, prosperous growth branch, and it is logical to improve tree body Wind translucency prevents branch amount in tree crown from leading to closing greatly；If branch trimming excessively, will lead to fruit tree mobile jib day burn by Wound, for August just skeleton branch oblique pull at 45 DEG C of angles, fixed tree-shaped removes useless bud and young sprout when young sprout grows to 5cm or so；

After First Year period harvests, fruit tree line-spacing is constant, and spacing in the rows is adjusted to 3m, and density is adjusted to 110 plants/acre； After First Year period, tree body also enhances than increasing many, fruiting ability early period, adjusts density in time at this time, is conducive to The healthy growth of later period tree body, while not influencing fruit yield and economic benefit；

8. winter pruning

Mid-November~early December, contract cutting updates with fruit branch, and too long side shoot shorten to 40~45cm, cuts off Disease, worm, wound, weak fruit branch, every side shoot select and remain 3 healthy and strong fruitful branches, and fruit branch length is left 10~15cm, per adjacent two 15~20cm of fruitful branch interval, cuts off other prosperous growth branches, back branch, descending branch etc., and the contracting of skeleton branch length is cut to 80~ 100cm；

The pest and disease damage of fruiting period increases than seedling stage diseases and pests, endanger the peach scab of fruit, anthracnose of peach, peach brown rot and Small heart-eating peach worm etc., control method are identical as the control method of seedling management；

Weed control is loosened the soil with field, method with seedling management when it is identical.

(7) best fruiting period manages

1. fruit thinning

First time fruit thinning method is identical as the vegetables and fruits method of First Year period, and second of fruit thinning is in second of physiological fallen fruit It is carried out before stone later, in Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to the setting yield (1250~1500kg/ mus) in the best fruiting period, every backbone Branch stays 30~35 fruits, and long fruit branch stays 2~3, and medium fruit branch stays 1~2, and fruit spur stays 0~1, and weak fruit branch does not stay fruit；

2. fertilizer application

1~2 Water soluble fertilizer can be applied, with rapid recharge tree to fruit expanding period if the symptom of fertilizer deficiency occurs in tree body after overlay film Body nutrition promotes plant and fruit development, is separated by 15~20 days per the adjacent time applied fertilizer twice, presses 9 when fertilising every time ~12kg/ mus of dosage applies sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer (content of N, P, K are respectively 15%, 15%, 15% in the fertilizer)；It is swollen Fruiting period at the beginning of 4 months, applies sulfur ternary composite fertilizer using 4 perforated methods by 35~40kg/ mus of dosages；After harvesting, May Bottom applies 1 ternary compound fertilizer using 4 perforated methods by 25~30kg/ mus of dosages, promotes the growth of fruit tree nutrition body, September Bottom imposes ternary compound fertilizer using 4 perforated methods by 55~60kg/ mus of dosages for the second time；Early November, by 1~1.25t/ The dosage of mu applies decay sheep excrement, by broadcast application between every adjacent rows plant, then is shallowly overturned with small-sized machine and to be buried, The depth digged is 15~20cm；Growing up with tree body later, the fertilizer applied are fitted all in accordance with Field Fertility situation Work as increase and decrease；

3. other management measures are identical as First Year period.

Those of ordinary skill in the art it should be appreciated that more than embodiment be intended merely to illustrate the present invention, And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as the change in spirit of the invention, to embodiment described above Change, modification will all be fallen in scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims

1. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selection in field and kind

The with fresh air, water cleaning of field selection, topography it is flat it is open, illumination is sufficient, fertile soil and not contaminated, underground water Position is not higher than 1 meter, the good plot of irrigation condition；

(2) greenhouse is built

Greenhouse selects heat preservation super large canopy, and greenhouse north-south is built, and north-south length reaches 160m, and East and West direction width reaches 32m, center A height of 8m, a height of 1.1m of two sides at place；Specific build process are as follows:

First build the steel frame construction of greenhouse, i.e., in 3 row's steel pipe post of north-south spaced set, per adjacent two rows of steel pipe posts it Between spacing be 8m, same row is 3.5m per the spacing between adjacent two steel pipe posts, and two end side of greenhouse north and south is respectively provided with 9 Root bearing diagonal column, greenhouse top main support are arranged one every 3.5m, are equidistantly equipped with 4 pairs between every adjacent two main supports Bracket；Then fly net and the dedicated 8S P0 film of greenhouse are covered in the steel frame construction outer surface, is also set on the film surface It sets windproof rope and covers waterproof pearl cotton thermal insulation material；

After greenhouse external structure has been built, installation automatic air discharging machine, Automaitc shade-rolling machine and liquid manure integrated equipment in greenhouse, and The north and south both direction of greenhouse installs Temperature Humidity Sensor respectively；Using technology of Internet of things, by above equipment and temperature and humidity sensing Device is connected respectively the output end and input terminal of control system, and the control system is also connected with the micro- end of 4G cell phone and computer end；

(3) field prepares

It before field planting, digs and applies base manure, then ridging, the beam overall of single ridge and ditch is 4m, is formed between every adjacent two ridges Ditch width and depth be 60cm, black thin film is spread in ditch, to protect irrigation canals and ditches, prevents from growing grass；

(4) sapling field planting and laying drip irrigation zone

At the beginning of 12 months, the nontoxic seedling of grafting for 1 year of robust plant, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm is selected to be colonized, the sapling of selection A height of 95~100cm, the initial density of field planting are as follows: 220 plants/acre, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1.5m；Then three are laid on the outside of sapling Belt liquid manure one drip irrigation zone；

(5) seedling management

The seedling stage of nectarine is only to cover fly net to awning film at the beginning of 12 months next year, is removed, make the life naturally of sapling open country after field planting It is long；Management content includes: trimming tree-shaped, moisture management, fertilizer application, the trimming of fruitful branch, skeleton branch forms, pest and disease damage is prevented It controls, weed control and field are loosened the soil；

(6) First Year fruiting period management

First Year period is the year end in third year to after being colonized in December of second year after being colonized；The management content of period is as follows:

1. overlay film is kept the temperature

2. water management

According to soil moisture after overlay film, water for the last time at the beginning of watering in 1 month 1 time, 4 months, keeping soil moisture is 65% ~75%；

3. fertilizer application

After overlay film to before harvesting, it is likely to occur the symptom of fertilizer deficiency for tree body, applies Water soluble fertilizer: before swollen fruit, applying 1~2 water Molten fertilizer is separated by 15~20 days per the adjacent time applied fertilizer twice, applies sulfur ternary by 7~9kg/ mus of dosage when fertilising every time Water soluble fertilizer, the content of N, P, K are respectively 15%, 15%, 15% in the fertilizer；The swollen fruit later period, application 1 time water-soluble to before harvesting Fertilizer applies sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer by 7~9kg/ mus of dosages, in the fertilizer content of N, P, K be respectively 12%, 3%, 45%；

After harvesting, by the end of May, 1 ternary compound fertilizer is applied using 4 perforated methods by 20~25kg/ mus of dosages；By the end of September, Ternary compound fertilizer is imposed for the second time using 4 perforated methods by 50~55kg/ mus of dosages；Early November, third time top dressing are pressed 1t/ mus of dosage applies decay sheep excrement, by broadcast application between every adjacent rows plant, and is shallowly overturned and is buried with small-sized machine In, the depth digged is 15~20cm；

Post flowering sprays 3 biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizers and 2 procyanidine composite foliage fertilizers, sprays foliar fertilizer twice per adjacent Interval time >=10 day, the time for spraying biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer for the first time was sprayed for the second time at Post flowering 30~35 days The time of biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer is that spray the time of biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer for the third time in fruit expanding period be in fruit harvesting First 30~35 days；Spraying the time of procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer for the first time is to spray former flower for the second time in the Fruit later period The time of green element composite foliage fertilizer is 20~25 days before fruit harvesting；Aforementioned two kinds of foliar fertilizers are with with matching；

4. epidemic disaster management

Temperature management: to next year fructescence after overlay film, temperature management is carried out according to each growthdevelopmental stage: the morning, when warm in canopy When degree reaches 12~13 DEG C, insulation quilt is rolled；Noon starts to divulge information when temperature of shed reaches higher than 2 DEG C of each breeding time lower limit； Close ventilation opening when temperature of shed is dropped to higher than 2 DEG C of each breeding time lower limit in the afternoon；

The fruit harvesting phase, mid-May~by the end of May, ventilation opening whole day is opened；After harvesting, insulation quilt and greenhouse film are removed, Fruit tree is allowed to be in natural environment growth；

It is as follows to the management parameters of its day temperature, nocturnal temperature and relative air humidity in the different growing of fruit tree: rudiment Phase, control day temperature are 13~18 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 4~6 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 60%~80%；Florescence, control Day temperature processed is 16~20 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 5~10 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 50%~60%；Young fruit period controls white Its temperature is 18~22 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10~15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；Fruit expanding period controls temperature on daytime Degree is 20~25 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10~15 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；Fructescence, control day temperature are 25~28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is 12~16 DEG C, and relative air humidity is < 60%；

5. honeybee supple-mentary pollination

When fruit tree enters flowering stage, honeybee is put in greenhouse in a suitable place to breed, the stocking rate of honeybee is 1 case/3 mu, and 4000/case, honeybee assists It needs to remove yellow, backboard during pollination, and closes insecticidal lamp in the bee activity time；Honeybee is taken out after florescence；

6. fruit thinning determines fruit

Fruit thinning fruit tree occur first time physiological fallen fruit after carry out, in Xie Huahou 25~30 days, extract depauperation, deformity, It is erected fruit and fruitlet, without leaf fruit, stays and grow well-balanced elongated big fruit, staying fruit amount is 2~2.5 times for setting yield；Determine fruit It is carried out before stone after second of physiological fallen fruit, in Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to the setting yield of the first annual bearing, every bone Dry branch stays 8~12 fruits: every root long fruit branch stays 2, and every medium fruit branch stays 1~2, and every fruit spur stays 0~1, weak fruit Branch does not stay fruit；

7. summer and autumn trimming and adjustment density

After fruit harvesting, summer pruning is carried out at the beginning of 6 months, suitably cuts off part back branch, prosperous growth branch, and it is saturating to improve tree body ventilation Photosensitiveness prevents branch amount in tree crown from leading to closing greatly；If branch trimming is excessively, injury of burning fruit tree mobile jib day, August will lead to Just skeleton branch oblique pull at 45 DEG C of angles, fixed tree-shaped；When young sprout grows to 5cm or so, useless bud and young sprout are removed；

After First Year period harvests, fruit tree line-spacing is constant, and spacing in the rows is adjusted to 3m, the density of fruit tree be adjusted to 110 plants/ Mu；

8. winter pruning

Carry out contracting and cut to update with fruit branch mid-November~early December, too long side shoot shorten to 40~45cm, cut off disease, worm, Wound, weak fruit branch, every side shoot select and remain 3 healthy and strong fruitful branches, and fruitful branch length is left 10~15cm, per adjacent two root knots fruit 15~20cm of branch interval, cuts off other prosperous growth branches, back branch, descending branch, and the contracting of skeleton branch length is cut to 80~100cm；

9. disease pest and weed prevention and treatment and field are loosened the soil

It in terms of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, relies mainly on prevention, is mutually tied from agricultural, physics, biology and chemistry various aspects using a variety of administering methods The green prevention and control technology of conjunction；

Cultural control: selection disease-resistant variety pays attention to draining in time, keeps the suitable soil moisture in field in rainwater multiple season； Reinforce peach garden integrated management, improve ventilation and penetrating light, enhance tree vigo(u)r, improves disease resistance；Reasonable pruning simultaneously, is wiped out in time Sick branch cleans dry branches and fallen leaves, strikes off after tree body fallen leaves and stick up skin, scab on trunk, and cleans out garden in time and concentrate and burn；

Physics and biological control: fly net is covered at greenhouse ventilation opening, yellow plate, backboard, insecticidal lamp, sex attractant are placed in canopy Deng；

Chemical prevention: strike off trunk stick up skin, scab after, tree trunk base portion is whitewashed, germination initial stage spray 3~5 degree of lime sulfurs, entirely According to pest and disease damage, a situation arises during fertility, selects the change for meeting the biological agent, high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residual of 4285 standard of GB Medicament is learned to be prevented and treated in time；

Weed control uses artificial weeding；Second year loosens the soil 1 time at the beginning of 6 months after field planting, using small-sized machine at from tree root 40cm It loosens the soil, the depth loosened the soil is 10~15cm；

(7) best fruiting period manages

1. fruit thinning determines fruit

Fruit thinning method is identical as the vegetables and fruits method of First Year period, determines fruit and carries out before stone after second of physiological fallen fruit, In Xie Huahou 5~6 weeks, according to the setting yield in the best fruiting period, every skeleton branch stays 30~35 fruits: every root long fruit branch stayed 2~3 A, every medium fruit branch stays 1~2, and every fruit spur stays 0~1, and weak fruit branch does not stay fruit；

2. fertilizer application

To fruit expanding period after overlay film, it is likely to occur the symptom of fertilizer deficiency for tree body, applies 1~2 Water soluble fertilizer, applies fertilizer twice per adjacent Time be separated by 15~20 days, every time by 9~12kg/ mu of dosage application sulfur ternary Water soluble fertilizer when fertilising, N in the fertilizer, P, the content of K is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%；Fruit expanding period applies sulfenyl using 4 perforated methods by 35~40kg/ mus of dosages Ternary compound fertilizer；

After harvesting, by the end of May, 1 ternary compound fertilizer is applied using 4 perforated methods by 25~30kg/ mus of dosages；By the end of September, Ternary compound fertilizer is imposed for the second time using 4 perforated methods by 55~60kg/ mus of dosages；Early November, by 1~1.25t/ mus Dosage applies decay sheep excrement, by broadcast application between every adjacent rows plant, then is shallowly overturned with small-sized machine and to be buried, digged Depth be 15~20cm；Growing up with tree body later, the fertilizer applied suitably are increased all in accordance with Field Fertility situation Subtract；

Post flowering sprays biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer and procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer, the method and First Year sprayed to before harvesting The spraying method of the corresponding foliar fertilizer of period is identical；

2. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3) The concrete operations digged and apply base manure are as follows: directly turned over down on the farm after crushing fresh rice straw, field turns over 600kg per acre Fresh rice straw, then decay sheep excrement is applied to field by 1t/ mus of dosage, phosphate fertilizer, P in phosphate fertilizer are applied by 30kg/ mus of dosages₂O₅ Content be 12%, base manure apply after by 20~30cm depth carry out rotary tillage, mix soil and fertilizer sufficiently.

3. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4) The concrete operations of the sapling field planting are as follows: use north and south row Xiang Dingzhi, sapling is lain on ridge, the soil on ridge is taken to enclose in tree Root surrounding forms a height of 20~25cm, the hill that diameter is 40~50cm, is poured water into ditch after sapling field planting to covering ridge face 5~8cm；Water in ditch is emptied after 8~10h, it is sufficiently heavy real to make soil, and root system is in close contact with the soil；Etc. soil moisture restore When to 65%~75%, taking the soil on ridge to enclose again, the height of hill is kept in tree root surrounding is 20~25cm, and diameter is 40~50cm, then soil is taken to be covered in around hill, avoid root system exposed and soil hardening crack.

4. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4) The concrete operations for being laid with three belt liquid manure one drip irrigation zones are as follows: at from sapling mobile jib 10cm, at each 30cm of the right and left, It is laid with 3 liquid manure one drip irrigation zones altogether, heater by service is carried out to the pipeline for being located at greenhouse periphery.

5. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (6) is 3. Described in biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer specific the preparation method comprises the following steps: first handle biogas slurry, take in normal gas producing 3 months or more methane-generating pits Biogas slurry, the biogas slurry of taking-up, which is sent into, stores up stack retting in fertile pond, after clarification 5~7 days, with placing 2~3 days after the filtering of husky cloth；Then match Boron processed, calcareous fertilisers solution select clear water to be added, sugar alcohol boron according to the application concentration of tree body, the nutrition condition of fruit and safety The taken amount of fertilizer and sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium, after three is mixed, makes 1300~1500 times of liquid of sugar alcohol boron fertilizer, sugar alcohol fertilizer of chelated calcium is Boron, calcareous fertilisers solution is made in 1300~2000 times of liquid；Biogas slurry solution is prepared again, takes biogas slurry by 7~10kg/ mus of dosage, with clear The weight ratio of water dilution, biogas slurry and water is 1:1~2, is configured to biogas slurry solution；Finally boron, calcareous fertilisers solution and biogas slurry solution are mixed With obtain biogas slurry composite foliage fertilizer.

6. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (6) is 3. Described in procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer specific the preparation method comprises the following steps: it is 5g/L's that clear water is added in ascorbic acid to be made into concentration The natural procyanidins that grape pip extracts are added in ascorbic acid solution, are made into the procyanidine that concentration is 1.5g/L for solution Mixed liquor, and 150 times are diluted, according to the nutrition condition of tree body and fruit, phosphorus is added in the dilution of procyanidine mixed liquor Acid dihydride potassium is made into the procyanidine composite foliage fertilizer that biphosphate potassium content is 0.2~0.3%.

7. a kind of nectarine intelligence facility efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (6) is 4. When the middle morning opens ventilation opening, the canopy first exposed to sunlight is relatively early, very fast with heating in the south in the east, presets ventilation temperature when reaching It first divulges information when spending, the north of greenhouse and west heating are relatively slow, relatively slow, then rear venting；When close ventilation opening in the afternoon, canopy is in the east It is relatively early, very fast with the south cooling, ventilation opening temperature Shi Xianguan ventilation opening, the north of greenhouse and west cooling are closed when reaching default Relatively late, relatively slow, then ventilation opening is closed afterwards.