CN103621288A - Natural repairing and recovering method of deteriorated grassland in loess plateau - Google Patents
Natural repairing and recovering method of deteriorated grassland in loess plateau Download PDFInfo
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- CN103621288A CN103621288A CN201310600869.5A CN201310600869A CN103621288A CN 103621288 A CN103621288 A CN 103621288A CN 201310600869 A CN201310600869 A CN 201310600869A CN 103621288 A CN103621288 A CN 103621288A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a natural repairing and recovering method of deteriorated grassland in the loess plateau, and belongs to the technical field of recovering methods of the deteriorated grassland. The method is based on forbidden recovering and supplemented by the manual control and manual interference measures, namely cement stand columns, chain line fences and other forbidden facilities are arranged to completely forbid the original areas where grassland vegetation is destroyed and degraded seriously or agriculture and forestry can not be operated and forage grass can grow, human and animal interference can be controlled strictly, and chance and time for living and multiplying of grassland are given. The method can improve the converge degree of deteriorated grassland vegetation by 50-75% and the biomass of the grassland vegetation by 50-80%, the diversity of species is richer and richer, the number of grassland vegetation and species is increased to 313 from 68 before the forbidding, the grassland quality is improved, and in the plant structure of the recovered grassland community, the grass family and feverfew plants account for 26.8%, the beam or pea family plants account for 8.3%, and the other plants accounting for 64.9% are included in the 33 families. The ecological economy and social benefits of the grassland are significant, and the grassland becomes the demonstration model of the loess plateau.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland and naturally repair and recovering method, belong to degeneration method for recovering vegetation technical field.
Background technology
At present; in deserted mountain, loess plateau, barren hill, the ground of conceding the land, abandoned land or other arid, semiarid zone recover vegetation; generally all take method artificial and that mechanical equivalent of light excavation is administered; strengthened the destruction to original landforms and soil ground skinning; increased the wound face of soil surface; accelerated the moisture evaporation of soil surface; also be difficult to check seepage and the loss of water, fertilizer, soil simultaneously; grassland vegetation soil moisture is not enough; meadow resume speed and poor growth; vegetation coverage is low, has reduced the ecological protection function on meadow.
Under irrational utilization, the process that grassland ecosystem retrogression of succession, productivity decline claims grassland degeneration, also claims grass-land deterioration.Main manifestations is height, cover degree, output and the Quality Down of grassland vegetation, and Soil Habitat worsens, production capacity and ecological functions decline.For a long time, on a large scale grassland degeneration, what cause is not only the decline of the productivity in meadow own, also causes the deterioration of the ecological environment and the threat to human survival and development.
Natural grass ground is under the impact of the unfavorable natural causes such as arid, dust storm, water erosion, saline and alkaline, waterlogging, WATER LEVEL CHANGES, or the irrational utilization such as overgraze and mowing, or dig excessively, cut excessively, gather firewood to adopt and destroy grassland vegetation, cause that grassland ecological environment worsens, Grassland Herbage biological yield reduces, quality declines, and grassland utilization performance reduces, and the process that even loses value is called grassland degeneration.
Grassland degeneration comprises grassland degeneration, desertification and salination.Be mainly reflected in: 1. in grass group species composition, original constructive species and sociales reduce gradually or decay for submember, and original less important plant increases gradually, finally by a large amount of non-original adventicous species, is become as dominant plant; 2. in grass group, growing of good forage weakened, and edible grass yield declines, and non-edible part proportion increases; 3., there is desertification, droughtization and salinization of soil in Grassland habitat worsening condition, soil water holding capacity variation, and ground is exposed; 4. there is the plague of rats, insect pest.
The reason of grassland degeneration is mainly that meadow is unable to make ends meet for a long time because the mankind constantly take a large amount of materials and energy away from meadow, and the basic principle of having run counter to the ecological balance causes.Wherein the most direct, most important reason is: (1) overgraze.The domestic animal of herding on meadow is overloaded for a long time, frequently gnaws and tramples on, and herbage photosynthesis can not normally carry out, and seminal propagation and nutrition are upgraded and is obstructed, and life fails gradually; (2) the inappropriate reclamation of wasteland, dig medicinal herbs from the earth, cut fuel wood, mow, hug grass, hug and deliver vegetables etc., destroyed grassland vegetation, make wind erosion, water erosion, desertification, salination and soil leanness aggravation; (3) miscarriage.In residential area, drove point, drinking-water point or river, road both sides, owing to lacking protection and control measures, various inappropriate factor strong effects, grassland degeneration is with concentric circles or be parallel to river, road, progressively to external expansion, from basic point, way, water source more close to, degenerate more serious; (4) meadow use, administration authority are failed to understand.Raise on a household basis at domestic animal family, and meadow ownership is unclear, and free unlimited use, causes to rob to herd excessively and herd.
Grassland degeneration is a dynamic process, is progressive, has again stage, by its degree of degeneration, is divided into: slight degeneration, moderate are degenerated and serious degradation.Slight degeneration.Herbage is under frequently searching for food or cradling, and life fails, and turf height, cover degree decline, and output compared with normal declines 20%～30%; Moderate is degenerated.In grass layer, good forage obviously reduces, and herbage inferior or poisonous and harmful plant increase relatively, and meadow is to the succession of low yield low-quality time, and soil structure and physicochemical character obviously worsen, and forage yield declines 30%～40%, pasture stock herbage wretched insufficiency; Serious degradation.Vegetation and soil condition further worsens, forage yield reduces more than 40%, there is serious erosion in meadow, domestic animal can not get enough nutriments for a long time, grow and be obstructed, productivity decline, individuality diminishes, or replacing high yield domestic animal by low yield domestic animal, the whole production capacity on grassland and ecological functions decline.As do not reversed in time, whole system just may be collapsed, and grassland will not exist.Should take powerful measure to prevent grassland degeneration, to rudimentary, will rebuild, it be recovered, and improve its production capacity and ecological functions.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland naturally to repair and recovering method, so as to help deserted mountain, loess plateau, barren hill, concede the land ground, abandoned land or other arid, semiarid zone recover vegetation.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland is naturally repaired and is recovered force method, to close, revert to master, take Artificial Control artificial disturbance measure as auxiliary, by being set, cement post chain link fence closes facility, original serious grassland vegetation or the agricultural of destruction degeneration of suffering, forestry can not be managed, and close comprehensively in the region of the growth herbage of having ready conditions, the strict people of control and animal disturb, give chance and the time of herbage to multiply and live, the natural vegetation of fast quick-recovery Hinterland of Huangtu Plateau deserted mountain barren hill progressively, promote the growth on earth's surface " soil crust is to biological breadcrust ", as bacterium class, algae, lichenes, moss etc. form one deck symbiosis skinning at soil surface, to reach stable soil top layer, promote litter layer to accumulate for a long time and transform increase soil nutrient, prevent that rainfall natural erosion from reducing the object of river flow silt.
In said method, comprise that fence is closed and control is herded, also comprise ecological construction.Wherein, ecological construction mode is that nature recovers to control artificial interference.Naturally recovering is that close the whole year to original ground vegetation coverage >40%, closes 5～8 years time.Wherein, the time of naturally recovering most critical is to want more protection dynamics in annual spring, according to plant physiology ecosystem characterization and growth-development law, in annual autumn, after plant seed maturation, can cradle.And control and herd to herbage rehabilitation chance, improve the breeding updating ability of herbage, promote the fast quick-recovery succession on meadow.Naturally repair raising ground, meadow grassland vegetation cover degree, increased air humidity, promote benign ecological cycles, ground withered grass increases the soil organic matter, promotes the development of soil seed bank, soil seed pool.Enclosed grassland is controllably shown runoff, accumulates natural precipitation, and soil protection reservoir is cultivated the degeneration vegetation that is applicable to recovering the various geomorphic types in loess plateau simultaneously.
This beneficial effect of the invention is: the method can improve deteriorate grassland vegetation coverage 50～75%, grassland vegetation biomass improves 50～80%, species diversity is more and more abundant, Steppe Plants is increased to 313 kinds by 68 kinds before closing, Grassland Quality improves, in the plant structure of recovered grassland group, grass family and feverfew account for 26.8%, and leguminous plant accounts for 8.3%, and other plant of 64.9% appears in 33 sections.The ecological economy and the social benefit on meadow are remarkable, become loess plateau template model.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, to better understand the present invention.
Embodiment mono-
A kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally, . first fence is set and closes, barren hill abrupt slope, deserted mountain to the not enough 450mm of Hinterland of Huangtu Plateau rainfall, and maldistribution in year, usually in peak phase (shooting stage) of the spring of herbage growth (period of seedling establishment) and biomass growth, be subject to drought stress very serious, it is now the critical period of herbage growth, close the interference that prevents people and animal, it is the litter layer that surface, meadow has formed, can alleviate the evaporation of soil moisture, regulate the moisture of Soil Reservoir to use, promote the growth of For Herbage Turning Green and biomass.The method reaches 1000 hectares at Hinterland of Huangtu Plateau Demonstration And Extension area.
Embodiment bis-
A kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally, first fence is set closes, to barren hill gentle slope, deserted mountain degenerate serious primary and secondary barren and grassland vegetation, in spring, close every year comprehensively, summer or autumn herbage growth vigorous, Grassland Communities is rational in infrastructure, when herbage physically well develops, can reasonably cradle, cradle and can promote on the one hand naturally upgrading of meadow, prevent grassland degeneration; It two cradles can artificial disturbance ripe grass seed and drops, and accelerates the natural regeneration on meadow; It three cradles the formation that can stimulate herbage ground bud, prevents the transition consumption of nutrient, promotes that herbage turns green in early days.The method reaches 1500 hectares at Southern Ningxia Demonstration And Extension area.
Embodiment tri-
A kind of loess plateau deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally; First fence is set and closes, the bare area to the non-irrigated condition of conceding the land, without adopting any artificial resumed controlling measure, allows it naturally recover.The initial stage of naturally recovering 1～2 year, the composition of plant be take wormwood artemisia class as main, and biomass is low, and herbage quality is inferior; Mid-term stage 3～5 years, the composition of plant be take grass tree section, composite family and pulse family as main, and herbage species richness increases, and herbage quality is medium; Later stage 6～8 years, the composition of plant be take grass family as main, and not only cover degree is large, and biomass is high, and herbage variety is good, is good cradling and grazing meadow.The method reaches 3000 hectares at Southern Ningxia and Longdong area Demonstration And Extension area.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a loess plateau deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally, it is characterized in that: described method reverts to master to close, take Artificial Control artificial disturbance measure as auxiliary, by being set, cement post chain link fence closes facility, original suffer destroy to degenerate serious grassland vegetation or agricultural, forestry can not be managed, and close comprehensively in the region of the growth herbage of having ready conditions, the strict people of control and animal disturb, give chance and the time of herbage to multiply and live, progressively the natural vegetation of fast quick-recovery Hinterland of Huangtu Plateau deserted mountain barren hill.
2. loess plateau according to claim 1 deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally, it is characterized in that: comprise that fence is closed and control is herded, also comprise ecological construction, described ecological construction mode is that nature recovers to control artificial interference, described naturally recovery is to original ground vegetation coverage >40%, close the whole year, closes 5～8 years time.
3. loess plateau according to claim 1 deteriorate grassland is repaired and recovering method naturally; it is characterized in that: be the more protection dynamics of wanting annual spring described natural recovery time; according to plant physiology ecosystem characterization and growth-development law, in annual autumn, after plant seed maturation, cradle.
4. according to the loess plateau deteriorate grassland described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, naturally repair and recovering method, it is characterized in that: fence is set and closes, barren hill abrupt slope, deserted mountain to the not enough 450mm of Hinterland of Huangtu Plateau rainfall, and maldistribution in year, in the peak phase (shooting stage) of the spring of herbage growth (period of seedling establishment) and biomass growth, while being subject to drought stress serious, close the interference that prevents people and animal.
5. according to the loess plateau deteriorate grassland described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, naturally repair and recovering method, it is characterized in that: fence is set and closes, to barren hill gentle slope, deserted mountain degenerate serious primary and secondary barren and grassland vegetation, in spring, close every year comprehensively, summer or autumn herbage growth vigorous, Grassland Communities is rational in infrastructure, when herbage physically well develops, reasonably cradles.
6. according to the loess plateau deteriorate grassland described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, naturally repair and recovering method, it is characterized in that: fence is set and closes, the bare area to the non-irrigated condition of conceding the land, without adopting any artificial resumed controlling measure, allows it naturally recover; The initial stage of naturally recovering 1～2 year, the composition of plant be take wormwood artemisia class as main, and biomass is low, and herbage quality is inferior; Mid-term stage 3～5 years, the composition of plant be take grass family, composite family and pulse family as main, and herbage species richness increases, and herbage quality is medium; Later stage 6～8 years, the composition of plant be take grass family as main.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN106748423A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of degeneration meadow modifying agent and its application |
| CN107114319A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-01 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Moderate grazing utilization method for degenerated alpine grassland |
| CN107466625A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-15 | 兰州大学 | A kind of soil seed bank, soil seed pool donations method of restoration of degraded grassland |
| CN107690864A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of Permafrost Area saltant type restoration of degraded grassland method |
| CN108739092A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Degeneration meadow restorative procedure |
| CN110366895A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-25 | 东北师范大学 | A method of it improving degeneration meadow soil nematodes and spends more |
| CN113279417A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-20 | 广西大学 | System and method for collapse ecological management and protection |
| CN114766290A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 青海大学 | Pasturing method for natural alpine grassland in green turning period |
| CN116012733A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-04-25 | 兰州大学 | Method for repairing severe degradation alpine grassland bare spot by using species combination of native grass |
| CN118261450A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-28 | 内蒙古自治区林业和草原监测规划院 | Grassland degradation ecological restoration method |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106748423A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A kind of degeneration meadow modifying agent and its application |
| CN107114319A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-01 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Moderate grazing utilization method for degenerated alpine grassland |
| CN107466625A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-15 | 兰州大学 | A kind of soil seed bank, soil seed pool donations method of restoration of degraded grassland |
| CN107690864A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-16 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of Permafrost Area saltant type restoration of degraded grassland method |
| CN108739092A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Degeneration meadow restorative procedure |
| CN110366895A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-10-25 | 东北师范大学 | A method of it improving degeneration meadow soil nematodes and spends more |
| CN113279417A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-20 | 广西大学 | System and method for collapse ecological management and protection |
| CN114766290A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-07-22 | 青海大学 | Pasturing method for natural alpine grassland in green turning period |
| CN116012733A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-04-25 | 兰州大学 | Method for repairing severe degradation alpine grassland bare spot by using species combination of native grass |
| CN116012733B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-09-29 | 兰州大学 | Method for repairing degenerated alpine grassland bare spot by utilizing species combination of native grass |
| CN118261450A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-28 | 内蒙古自治区林业和草原监测规划院 | Grassland degradation ecological restoration method |
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Application publication date: 20140312 |