CN104145671A - Method for controlling grassland wind erosion desertification - Google Patents
Method for controlling grassland wind erosion desertification Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145671A CN104145671A CN201410382715.8A CN201410382715A CN104145671A CN 104145671 A CN104145671 A CN 104145671A CN 201410382715 A CN201410382715 A CN 201410382715A CN 104145671 A CN104145671 A CN 104145671A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling grassland wind erosion desertification. According to the method, shrubs and herbaceous plants are sown in a mixed mode for forestation, and then tree seedling planting is conducted for forestation. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps that (1) the shrubs and the herbaceous plants are sown in the mixed mode, wherein land preparing, sowing and soil covering are conducted, according to the sowing mode, hedysarum laeve maxim and oat are sown in a mixed mode, and according to the mixed sowing mode, the mode of 1 m*0.80 m or 1 m*1 m is adopted at the edge perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction, and the mode of 1.5 m*1.5 m or 2 m*2 m is adopted in a flat region; (2) tree planting is conducted for forestation, wherein the adopted space between rows is 4 m*4 m or 6 m*6 m or 8 m*8 m, the specification is 40*40 or 50 cm*50 cm, and the seedlings are planted for forestation. According to the method, the root systems of trees are developed, the fruit bearing amount is large, the natural renewability is strong, and the emergence rate of seeds is higher than 90%. A large area of pinus sylvestris sand-fixation forest is built, and positive effects are achieved on controlling land desertification and improving the local ecological environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement method desertifying, be specifically related to a kind of method that grassland wind erosion is desertified of administering.
Background technology
Grassland desertification is the impaired extreme performance of Grassland ecosystems, is also one of main forms of grassland soil ecosystem degradation.The definition providing according to standard GB/T 19377-2003: grassland desertification refers to be eroded in the meadow of the sandy ground surface environment of Different Climatic Zones tool, water erosion, arid, the impact of the factors such as mouse insect pest and artificial improper economic activity, as long-term overgraze, unreasonable cultivation is distributed firewood indiscriminately and is adopted, dig medicinal herbs from the earth excessively etc., make natural meadow suffer to destroy in various degree, soil weathers, soil property chap is desertified, soil organic matter content declines, nutriment runs off, Productivity goes down, cause the meadow of former non-desert area, the grassland degeneration process of the desert like landscape that wind-sand activity is principal character is take in appearance.
The grassland desertification origin cause of formation is the coefficient result of natural cause and human factor.Seasonal drought, soil is sandy and the arid weather conditions such as windy have formed the natural operation power that meadow wind erosion is desertified; The unreasonable economic behaviours such as people is overcut sand ground forest tree resource, the long-term overgrazed of sandy grassland, the utilization of resources is uneven and disorderly cultivate and dig excessively, have reduced again Sandy Grassland vegetation coverage, for meadow wind erosion, desertify necessary condition is provided.
Grassland wind erosion is desertified and is made vegetation degeneration, and soil structure is lost, earth's surface wind erosion and wind deposition aggravation, and ecosystems services and support function exhaustion, environment continues to worsen.Therefore, must take effective measures and be prevented and regulation.
Existing grassland wind erosion desertification improvement method is mainly mechanical sand barrier to be set and to fill with careless vegetation pattern.As Du Min waits in " the process for comprehensively treating research of Hulun Buir Wind Erosion of Sandy Lands hole ", in sub-day lid loud, high-pitched sound of the Qi Xini east of a river, sand ground Ewenki, Hulun Buir bush, look into grassland blowout, according to this area sand-protecting barrier material cost actual conditions, the feature large in conjunction with blowout area, the gradient is large, difficulty of governance is large, adopt 1m * 1m mesh design of straw checkerboard barrier sand-protecting barrier, at the beginning of 6 months during rainy season, along sand-protecting barrier edge artificial dibbling poplar bavin and prairie milk vetch, every mu of 4kg of seeding quantity, mixed seeding ratio poplar bavin: prairie milk vetch is 3:1.Adopt straw checkerboard barrier sand-protecting barrier and shrub and grass mix seeding process for comprehensively treating to administer blowout and can obtain obvious sand-fixing effect.Afforest after 2 years, vegetation cover degree obviously increases, and soil physico-chemical property obviously improves, and soil wind erosion reduces.
In this method, prairie milk vetch (Astragulus Adsurgens), is pulse family Astragalus herbaceos perennial, well developed root system, and adaptability is very strong, and drought resisting, anti-salt, impoverishment tolerant are the good plants of tackling quicksand.Yet, the star-spangled banner 7-8 month, the fruit phase 8-10 month, blossom and have seeds slower.Generally can not set seeds then, further investigation reveals that, due to Hulun Buir sand ground, very cold, the temperature difference that enters into temperature in August is larger, and general noon is more than 20 ℃, sooner or later 10 ℃ of left and right.Therefore, cause prairie milk vetch poor growth emergence rate low, cannot complete and set seeds, Second Year almost be can't see prairie milk vetch seedling, does not therefore have sparing action, affects the growth of the purpose species of trees.Due to mechanical sand barrier being set, greatly improve cost of forestation simultaneously.
In view of the shortcoming of existing improvement method, on original basis, improve improvement method, need a kind of method that regulation effect is provided badly.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of pattern of fixing the sand of setting according to local area grassland-sand ground characteristic distributions.
A kind of method that grassland wind erosion is desertified of administering provided by the invention, the method is first carried out shrub and grass mix seeding afforestation, and then carries out arbor tree planting, and concrete, the method comprises the following steps:
1) shrub and grass mix seeding: whole ground, sowing, earthing, seeding method is by Yang Chai and oat mixed seeding, and mixed seeding mode is to adopt 1m * 0.80m or 1m * 1m perpendicular to main air direction edge, and mild area adopts 1.5m * 1.5m or 2m * 2m;
2) arbor afforestation: adopting seeding row spacing is 4m * 4m or 6m * 6m, specification is 40 * 40 or 50cm * 50cm, tree planting.
In the method:
The weight ratio of described poplar bavin (Hedysarum leave) and oat is 2-4:6-8, is preferably 3:7.
The amount of described mixed seeding is that every mu of seeding quantity is 10 kilograms.
Described arbor is the wild seedlings of 7-10 pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).
Improvement method provided by the invention can be for the desertification region of eroding, grassland, and wind erosion desertification region, described grassland is Hulun Buir sand ground.
Improvement method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, at Hulun Buir sand ground, adopt improvement method provided by the invention to implement, to its effects on investigation, result shows: in grassland wind erosion, desertifying, the foundation of serious district is tall filled with careless sparse woods vegetation after 1 year, and vegetation coverage reaches 50% left and right, has substantially reached the index request of grassland sand ground vegetation coverage.The reason that improvement method is good: on the one hand, the careless sparse woods vegetation of tall filling has changed roughness of ground surface, has weakened surface layer wind speed, has reduced sediment discharge; On the other hand, the root system of pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and poplar bavin is very flourishing, has changed the mobility of sand ground, for the invasion of natural plants kind and the recovery of vegetation have been created a good living environment with rebuilding.
Inventor is at the experiment initial stage, also once carried out a large amount of experiments, process is as follows: poplar bavin cost is high, in the past shrub and grass mix seeding kind, generally all adopt caragana microphylla, oat, barley etc., put into exactly poplar bavin, amount is also few, caragana microphylla, poplar bavin, barley, sowing quantity 5kg/ mu, general ratio is 1.5:0.5:3; Poplar bavin, oat (or barley) mixed seeding ratio 1:10, allocative effect is poor like this, is mainly manifested in: due to the seeding quantity rareness of emerging less, the sparing action of barley weakens, and has affected the survival rate of the purpose species of trees.Especially Second Year 4, May strong wind season, occurs that the sand phenomenon of burying, erode is serious, also needs after-culture, duplicates the phenomenon of improvement, has had a strong impact on sand-fixing effect.Therefore inventor adjusts mixed seeding ratio, strengthens the seeding quantity of every mu, strengthens the seeding quantity of poplar bavin simultaneously, finally determines and raises bavin and oat mixed seeding, and the weight ratio of the two is 3:7.The method has improved the sparing action to the purpose species of trees then of oat, and the averag density that makes poplar bavin is 52 strains/m
2, average height 18.8-24.1cm.Second Year poplar bavin average height 47.8cm, the average cover degree 55% of sample ground vegetation, thus reach that effect is good, instant effect, successful object once.
2, because sown grassland is tall, fill with careless sparse woods vegetation, therefore, in Qiao Guancao group, exist manually-injected plant species and Natural invasive plant species simultaneously.Introducing kind in group is for tall pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, poplar bavin and the annual oat of filling with careless sparse woods vegetation of planting.Along with Qiao fills with the prolongation of careless sparse woods vegetation setup times, grassland sand ground floristics obviously increases, and naturally planting and having occurred perennial species in group, as worm reality, green foxtail, seed wormwood artemisia, hidden sub-grass, sedge, india lovegrass, geranium wilfordii etc.Visible, tall planting of filling with careless sparse woods vegetation is conducive to improve the species richness of group.Tall filling after the planting of careless sparse woods vegetation 1 year, sand ground natural vegetation has obtained efficient recovery, and floristics increases, and tallly fills with careless sparse woods vegetation to the invasion of natural plants kind and settles down the positive effect of having played.
3, the method that the wind erosion of improvement provided by the invention grassland is desertified is the tall careless sparse woods vegetation configuration sand fixing technology of filling with, and arbor is pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, as the important Sand-fixation Tree of Hulun Buir sand ground, well developed root system, solid amount is large, and natural regeneration ability is strong, and percentage of seedgermination is more than 90%.At Hulun Buir sand ground, built larger area pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixation forest, to control desertification of land, improve local environment and played positive effect.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Described arbor is the wild seedlings of 7-10 pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).
Embodiment 1:
1) shrub and grass mix seeding: whole ground, sowing, earthing, seeding method is by Yang Chai and the two weight ratio of oat, to be first 3:7 combination, then the amount that is 10 kilograms according to every mu of seeding quantity is carried out mixed seeding, and mixed seeding mode is to adopt 1m * 0.80m perpendicular to main air direction edge, and mild area adopts 2m * 2m;
2) arbor afforestation: employing seeding row spacing is 4m * 4m, and specification is 40 * 40, tree planting.
Embodiment 2
1) arbor afforestation: employing seeding row spacing is 6m * 6m, and specification is 50 * 50, tree planting;
2) shrub and grass mix seeding: whole ground, sowing, earthing, seeding method is by Yang Chai and the two weight ratio of oat, to be first 3:7 combination, then the amount that is 10 kilograms according to every mu of seeding quantity is carried out mixed seeding, mixed seeding mode is to adopt 1m * 1m perpendicular to main air direction edge, and mild area adopts 1.5m * 1.5m.
Comparative example 1:
Shrub and grass mix seeding: whole ground, sowing, earthing, seeding method is to be that mixed seeding is carried out in 1:3 combination by caragana microphylla and the two weight ratio of barley, and mixed seeding mode is to adopt 1m * 1m perpendicular to main air direction edge, and mild area adopts 1.5m * 1.5m.The amount of mixed seeding is that every mu of seeding quantity is 4 kilograms.
The method is also widely used at Hulun Buir sand ground, discovered in recent years the method effect is general, be mainly manifested in: caragana microphylla poor growth, emergence rate is high then, and Second Year is generally 4-5 level wind the 4-5 month because Hulun Buir wind in spring concentrates on greatly, therefore to bury phenomenon more serious for sand, the seedling of caragana microphylla 1/3 is buried by sand, causes survival rate defective, needs after-culture to improve cost of forestation, can not reach once successful object of improvement, have a strong impact on sand control effect.
Utilize the tall serious district of careless sparse woods vegetation sand fixing technology improvement Hulunbuir Pasture Land wind erosion desertification of filling with of example 1,2, after 1 year, effect is more than pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings average survival reaches 85%-90%.Live poplar bavin averag density is 21 strains/m
2, average height 47.8cm.Filling with careless latticed configuration makes poplar bavin and oat form biological sand-protecting barrier.Natural vegetation is common mainly contains that worm is real, green foxtail, wherein the real averag density 42 strains/m of worm
2, height 5.8cm; Green foxtail averag density 20 strains/m
2, height 12.5cm.The average cover degree of sample ground vegetation reaches 55%.Thereby reach that sand fixing technology cost significantly reduces, effect is good, instant effect, successful object once.
Although, above used general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. administer the method that grassland wind erosion is desertified, the method is first carried out shrub and grass mix seeding afforestation, and then carries out arbor tree planting, and concrete, the method comprises the following steps:
1) shrub and grass mix seeding: whole ground, sowing, earthing, seeding method is by Yang Chai and oat mixed seeding, and mixed seeding mode is to adopt 1m * 0.80m or 1m * 1m perpendicular to main air direction edge, and mild area adopts 1.5m * 1.5m or 2m * 2m;
2) arbor afforestation: adopting seeding row spacing is 4m * 4m or 6m * 6m, specification is 40 * 40 or 50cm * 50cm, tree planting.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described poplar bavin and oat is 2-4:6-8.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described poplar bavin and oat is 3:7.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the filling grass amount of described mixed seeding is that every mu of seeding quantity is 10 kilograms.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described arbor is the wild seedlings of 7-10 pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica).
6. the application of the method described in claim 1-5 any one aspect the improvement for wind erosion desertification region, grassland.
7. application according to claim 6, is characterized in that, wind erosion desertification region, described grassland is Hulun Buir sand ground.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN106471925A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-03-08 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired |
| CN109122074A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-04 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Hulun nur plant on sand land method |
| CN109924072A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral sandy land planting forage grass |
| CN113389192A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-14 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Physical-chemical-biological combined sand fixation structure and method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106471925A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-03-08 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired |
| CN106471925B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-09-10 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation |
| CN109122074A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2019-01-04 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Hulun nur plant on sand land method |
| CN109122074B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-06-11 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for treating Hulun lake sand |
| CN109924072A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-06-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method of Alpine-arctic Pastoral sandy land planting forage grass |
| CN113389192A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-14 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Physical-chemical-biological combined sand fixation structure and method |
| CN113389192B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2023-12-15 | 宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所（宁夏防沙治沙与水土保持重点实验室） | Physical-chemical-biological combined sand fixing structure and method |
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Application publication date: 20141119 |