CN106471925A - A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired - Google Patents
A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
A kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired, comprises the following steps：(1) seed selection and pretreatment：The local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics are being carried out on the basis of comprehensive analysis study and judge, determine and screen cold-resistant, drought-enduring, fast-growing the seed variety being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation；Then pretreatment is carried out to the seed variety filtering out；(2) ploughing soil and miscegenation disseminate earthing：1～2 week before snowfall first, the seed of preservation is proportionally mixed, carry 100cm steel pin type 6 row plow harrow using tractor simultaneously and plow it is ensured that ploughed depth is in 4～5cm；And manually seed mixture is disseminated earthing using three kinds of mixed model intervals；Wherein, it is spaced apart 25～35cm between three kinds of mixed models, the line space of mixed seeding pattern one is 13～15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding pattern two, three is 15～17cm；(3) ecological nursing.The present invention is simple to operate, easy to use, with low cost, benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind carries out artificial growth and child care on arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland, to realize restoration of the ecosystem effect
The method of fruit, the method will carry out restoration of the ecosystem offer technical guarantee for arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland is scientific and reasonable, thus being
Degeneration meadow artificial ecology reparation under arid biogeographic zone fragility habitat provides new approach.
Background technology
Grassland ecosystem, particularly Mountainous Regions in Arid Areas grassland conserving water and soil, check winds and fix drifting sand, bio-diversity conservation,
Carry the aspects such as animal husbandry development and there are important ecological functions.In Altay, xinjiang is distributed with large-area grassland ecology system
System, the gross area about 9.87 × 106hm2, Mountainous Grassland is this system important component part, and, more than 32%, its constructive species is main for accounting
It is made up of the raw little dogstail that grows thickly of drought, ecological environment frailty in habitat, is the focused protection preventing desertification of land and soil erosion
Object；Upland meadow, as the basis of local Animal husbandry production and development, has irreplaceable in socio-economic development simultaneously
Effect.But for a long time, due to overgrazing and the impact of the factors such as Regional climate change, Altay Prefecture's upland meadow suffers from
To heavy damage, Rodents and pests frequently occur, and Productivity is decreased obviously, and ecological environment is continuous worsening, has had a strong impact on locality
Animal husbandry development.Scientific and reasonable development upland meadow reparation, both can provide good feedstuff and pasture ground for local, promote poultry
Animal husbandry develops, and increases household's actions, upland meadow can be built into ecological safe shelter zone again.In recent years, with returning husbandry to grassland and
The project implementations such as herdsmen settlement, desert steppe ecological environment and Productivity are improved, and farmers' life has also taken on a new look,
But Mountainous Grassland is after wrecking, degree of degeneration is serious, and clear-cutting forestland effect is generally poor.
In this context, carrying out upland meadow restoration of the ecosystem key technology research is the heat currently recovering ecological study
Point field, by the extensive concern of Chinese scholars.But upland meadow awful weather, ecology fragility, the mountain of Altay Fuyun County
Ground grassland is subject to natural environment and the double influence overgrazing, and carries out grassland ecology reparation difficult.It would therefore be highly desirable to explore a kind of suitable
Be fated ground Characteristics of Natural Environment and the ecological reestablishment herding rule.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of method that arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is that a kind of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology is repaired
Method, comprise the following steps：
(1) seed selection and pretreatment：Comprehensive analysis are being carried out to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics
On the basis of studying and judging, determine and screen cold-resistant, drought-enduring, fast-growing the draft plant being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation
Species；Then pretreatment is carried out to the herbaceous plant seeds filtering out；
(2) ploughing soil and mixed seeding：1～2 week before snowfall first, by the herbaceous plant seeds preserving according to three kinds of mixed seeding
Pattern each miscegenation ratio mixing, carries 100cm steel pin type 6 row plow harrow using tractor simultaneously and plows, ploughed depth 4～
5cm；And manually seed mixture is disseminated earthing using three kinds of mixed model intervals；Wherein, being spaced apart between three kinds of mixed models
25～35cm, the line space of mixed seeding pattern one is 13～15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding pattern two, three is 15～17cm；
(3) ecological nursing：During green sprouting, fencing and artificial nurse measure should be taken it is ensured that seedling takes root simultaneously
Mushroom out；In the fall after sowing herbage maturation, carry out grazing, answer 2～3cm draft root on reservation；In Second Year
Degraded mountainous region grassland ecology was repaired and was completed after snow melt irrigation spring.
Further, in step (1), it is lyme grass that the degraded mountainous region grassland ecology that described screening determines repairs seed variety
(Elymus dahuricus), fescue grass (Festuca ovina), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum), prostrata summercypress
(Kochia prostrata) and 5 kinds of herbaceous plant of Artemisia frigida Willd. (Artemisia frigida).
Further, described herbaceous plant seeds pretreatment is lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass to be carried out with awns process, really
Conservation skin ruptures；Dry in the sun and drying and processing are carried out to prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. seed.This is due to lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass
For grass family perennial herb, seed hard seed rate is higher, using awner, seed is carried out with awns and processes, by scratching before sowing
Seed, is conducive to the absorption to moisture for the seed, thus improving the germination percentage of seed.Prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. are respectively Chenopodiaceae and Compositae
Herbaceos perennial, carries out seeds before seeding and carries out dry in the sun drying and processing, is conducive to improving seed germination rate.
For the ability ensureing the continuous high yield of planting forage grass and improve reply change weather conditions, take into full account that difference is herded simultaneously
Careless feature in terms of morphology and difference, such as graminous pasture grows thickly and blade is elongated, and Chenopodiaceae mostly then is alternate meat lobule
Deng according to the arrayed feature of the distribution of the stratification of blade and branch and blade different spaces, setting up three kinds of more excellent mixed seeding groups
Close, first is the mixed seeding pattern one that lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. combine；Second be lyme grass,
The mixed seeding pattern two that fescue grass and crested wheat grass combine；3rd is the mixed seeding pattern three that prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. combine.Enter
One step, in step (2), described three kinds of mixed models are mixed seeding pattern one is lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, Artemisia frigida Willd.
5 kinds of seeds are according to 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width is 5cm, row depth 4cm, and application rate is every mu of 7.5kg grass seed mix, covers
Blinding thickness is 3.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern two is lyme grass, fescue grass, 3 kinds of seeds of crested wheat grass according to 3:2:1 mixed seeding, its plow harrow row
A width of 3cm, row depth 5cm, application rate is every mu of 6.0kg grass seed mix, and covering soil thickness is 2.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern three is wood ground
Skin, 2 kinds of seeds of Artemisia frigida Willd. are according to 1:1 ratio mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width 3cm, row depth 4cm, application rate is every mu of 8.0kg mixing grass
Kind, covering soil thickness is 2.0cm.
Further, in step (2), when plowing, 148～152kg stone will be covered on plow harrow.
The present invention is carrying out, to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics, the basis that comprehensive analysis are studied and judged
On, determine that degraded mountainous region grassland ecology repairs varieties of plant, then Seeds preprocess before planting, disseminates mould followed by miscegenation
Formula is realized uneven mountain region seed and is turned over, sows and earthing, and then using spring snow melt with seed is cold-resistant, drought-enduring and fast-growing is special
Levy, realize artificial growth herbage spring efficient growth pattern, finally combine later stage ecological nursing and work, reach upland meadow ecological
Child care effect, provides for Altay Prefecture's upland meadow restoration of the ecosystem and puts into practice method and approach.
The present invention is simple to operate, easy to use, with low cost, benefit is good.
Brief description
Fig. 1 degeneration meadow mixed seeding ideograph.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1
Test site is in 260 mu of In Altay, xinjiang Fuyun County Kurt township degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation demonstration base
Ground, Fuyun County is located in Altay Prefecture east, Altai Mountains southern foot, the Bei Jie Junggar Basin, and being one with pasture animal husbandry is
Main animal husbandry county, this region belongs to continental cool temperature zone arid climate, and winter cold is very long, and summer is hot, and spring and autumn is of short duration, sunshine
Abundance, annual sunshine time 2700～2900h, 1.9 DEG C of temperature on average, 40.6 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperature, Annual lowest climate temperature-
51.5 DEG C, frost-free period by north orientation south 78～131d, main agriculture district frost-free period average annual 108d, average annual precipitation 158.3mm, average annual steam
Send out amount 1734mm.Whole county grassland area is vast, and grassland resources enriches, and has advantageous advantage of developing animal husbandry, mountain region grass
Original area about 3.65 × 105hm2, it is the important spring and autumn range land in Fuyun County.
(1) choose seeds and process：First, by analyzing local climate hydrological data, find that trial zone winter is cold (extremely low
Wen Yue -50 DEG C), summer sweltering heat (about 40 DEG C of thermal extremes), spring precipitation less (accounting for the 15% of annual rainfall), winter drops
Avenge more (many annuals about 50mm), the lower soil moisture of 6～August continuous a few days arid declines substantially (30～50cm medial humidity
About 4%), to degraded mountainous region grassland, existing autochthon investigation finds, main plant species is simultaneously：Floss Herba chenopodii (Londesia
Eriantha), the beautiful Artemisia of pin decomposite leaf (Seriphidium sublessingianum), white stem beautiful Artemisia (Seriphidium
Terrae-albae), Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. (Leymus chinensis), Gobi desert Herba chenopodii (llijinia regelii (Bunge) Korov.), swollen
The calyx Radix Astragali (Astragalus ellisoideus), totally 7 kinds of swainson pea (Sphaerophysa salsula).Consider seed
Dormancy, sprouting, growth of seedling, interspecies competition and Root Characteristics, determine artificial growth plant must be fulfilled for its seed resist cold, low temperature
Sprouting, spring fast-growing, shallow root system and summer is drought-enduring, yield is higher etc. requires.Therefore, filter out lyme grass (Elymus altogether
Dahuricus), fescue grass (Festuca ovina), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum), prostrata summercypress (Kochia
Prostrata), totally 5 kinds of herbaceous plant carry out artificial growth work to Artemisia frigida Willd. (Artemisia frigida), are shown in Table 1；Then right
Lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass seed carry out awns using awner and process, and carry out dry in the sun to prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. seed, respectively
Class seed properly preserves after being dried.
Ploughing soil and mixed seeding：1～2 week before mid or late November demonstration area snowfall, using container, the seed of preservation is pressed
According to ratio mixing, it is shown in Table 2,100cm steel pin type 6 row plow harrow is carried to sowing Land_use change tractor simultaneously and plow, plow harrow is
Steel nail type, will cover 148～152kg stone (weight can be adjusted), tractor according to actual soil property when plowing on plow harrow
Turn over to intending planting area according to the mode that circle goes back to rotation, to guarantee ploughed depth in 4～5cm, depth is not also too deep, can
Effective protection autochthon perennial herb root system is complete.Because upland meadow relief is handed over substantially, be not suitable for carrying out drilling and
Program request, therefore using manually disseminating mode, when disseminating, tractor is raked the soil level in front, herdsman follows at rear tractor about 1m, will mix
Close uniform grass seeds and carry out uniform broadcasting according to sledge line-spacing.After the completion for the treatment of that whole seeds disseminate, tractor rear portion plow harrow is changed
Dress up the cylindrical trunk of Different Weight, according to the direction vertical with direction of turning over, earthing operation, this earthing side are carried out to seed
Formula success rate is high and omits few, and suitable upland meadow sows earthing.Wherein, 5 kinds of grass seeds are divided into three kinds of mixed seeding patterns altogether, see
Table 2, respectively mixed seeding pattern one：Lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, Artemisia frigida Willd. press 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, its plow harrow row
A width of 5cm, row depth 4cm, application rate is every mu of 7.5kg grass seed mix, and covering soil thickness is 3.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern two：Drape over one's shoulders alkali
Grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass press 3:2:1 mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width is 3cm, row depth 5cm, and application rate is every mu of 6.0kg mixing grass
Kind, covering soil thickness is 2.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern three：Prostrata summercypress, Artemisia frigida Willd. press 1:1 ratio mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width 3cm, row is deep
4cm, application rate is every mu of 8.0kg grass seed mix, and covering soil thickness is 2.0cm.It is 100cm using plow harrow length, totally 6 row, can
Change often row plough width, is shown in Fig. 1, the sowing of three kinds of mixed models interval, is spaced apart 30cm between different mode, mixed seeding pattern one
Line space is 14cm, and the line space of mixed seeding pattern two, three is 16cm.
(2) ecological nursing：With the arriving of Winter Snow, allow the soil after snowfall cover-seeding, the seed now sent out
Dormancy in soil horizon under snow cover, and start to sprout in a large number through vernalization when the Second Year beginning of spring, now snow melt is to soil
Seed is sprouted and early growth provides sufficient water source, during green sprouting, should take suitable fencing and manually nurse
Measure it is ensured that do not exist in the range of meadow large-area herd phenomenon it is not necessary to additionally carry out Irrigation regime, meadow delimited be
Autumn in summer herbage is it is ensured that seedling takes root and mushrooms out；In the fall after sowing herbage maturation, can carry out herding work as autumn herbage
Dynamic, domestic animal now must not be allowed too to gnaw, answer 2～3cm draft root on reservation, work in the ecological nursing completing a year and a day
Afterwards, in Second Year spring after snow melt irrigation, artificial seeding's draft and autochthon all enter herbage high term, i.e. child care the 2nd
Year trial zone degeneration meadow can reach preferable Effect of Ecological Restoration.
Table 1- degeneration meadow restoration of the ecosystem screening grass seeds plant characteristic
Table 2- degeneration meadow tillage system reform and Technical Specification Sheet
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) seed selection and pretreatment：Study and judge comprehensive analysis are carried out to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics
On the basis of, determine and screen cold-resistant, drought-enduring, the draft of spring fast-growing type being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation
Plant seed；Then pretreatment is carried out to the herbaceous plant seeds filtering out；
(2) ploughing soil and mixed seeding：1～2 week before snowfall first, by the herbaceous plant seeds preserving according to three kinds of mixed seeding patterns
Each the mixing of miscegenation ratio, carries 100cm steel pin type 6 row plow harrow using tractor simultaneously and plows, ploughed depth is in 4～5cm；
And manually seed mixture is disseminated earthing using three kinds of mixed model intervals；Wherein, between three kinds of mixed models be spaced apart 25～
35cm, the line space of mixed seeding pattern one is 13～15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding pattern two, three is 15～17cm；
(3) ecological nursing：In spring Seed Germination, fencing and artificial nurse measure should be taken it is ensured that seedling takes root simultaneously
Mushroom out；In the fall after sowing herbage maturation, carry out grazing, answer 2～3cm draft root on reservation；In Second Year
Degraded mountainous region grassland ecology was repaired and was completed after snow melt irrigation spring.
2. arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology according to claim 1 is repaired method is it is characterised in that step (1)
In, described herbaceous plant seeds are lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress and 5 kinds of herbaceous plant of Artemisia frigida Willd..
3. arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology according to claim 2 is repaired method is it is characterised in that described draft
Plant seed pretreatment is lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass to be carried out with awns process；Prostrata summercypress and Artemisia frigida Willd. seed are dried in the air
Shine and drying and processing.
4. arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology according to claim 1 and 2 is repaired method is it is characterised in that step
(2) in, described three kinds of mixed models be mixed seeding pattern one be lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, 5 kinds of seeds of Artemisia frigida Willd. press
According to 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width is 5cm, row depth 4cm, and application rate is every mu of 7.5kg grass seed mix, covers soil thickness
For 3.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern two is lyme grass, fescue grass, 3 kinds of seeds of crested wheat grass according to 3:2:1 mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width is 3cm,
Row depth 5cm, application rate is every mu of 6.0kg grass seed mix, and covering soil thickness is 2.0cm；Mixed seeding pattern three is prostrata summercypress, Artemisia frigida Willd. 2
Kind of seed is according to 1:1 ratio mixed seeding, its plow harrow line width 3cm, row depth 4cm, application rate is every mu of 8.0kg grass seed mix, covers
Soil thickness is 2.0cm.
5. arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology according to claim 1 and 2 is repaired method is it is characterised in that step
(2), in, when plowing, 148～152kg stone will be covered on plow harrow.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107027490A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-11 | 新疆大学 | A kind of Desert Grassland high yield herbage mixed planting and the method for ecological nursing |
| CN107172906A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-19 | 周金星 | A kind of exposed sand method for quick recovering vegetation |
| CN109089745A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | It is a kind of for restoring the sown grassland method on permafrost region Degraded Alpine meadow |
| CN112005650A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-01 | 新疆大学 | Ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area |
| CN115443757A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-09 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Rapid repairing method for degenerated grassland empty spots in arid and semi-arid regions |
| CN115777481A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for modifying and optimizing function improvement of arid mountain degraded artificial forest |
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| CN107027490A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-11 | 新疆大学 | A kind of Desert Grassland high yield herbage mixed planting and the method for ecological nursing |
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| CN115443757A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-09 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Rapid repairing method for degenerated grassland empty spots in arid and semi-arid regions |
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| CN115777481A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-03-14 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for modifying and optimizing function improvement of arid mountain degraded artificial forest |
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