CN112005650A - Ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112005650A CN112005650A CN202010909165.6A CN202010909165A CN112005650A CN 112005650 A CN112005650 A CN 112005650A CN 202010909165 A CN202010909165 A CN 202010909165A CN 112005650 A CN112005650 A CN 112005650A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for deteriorated grasslands in Xinjiang areas, wherein soil loosening equipment used in the method comprises a horizontally arranged towing frame, and the towing frame is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece; the lower end of the left side of the towing bracket is hinged with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod below the first connecting rod; the horizontal pole is arranged around and its both ends all are fixed and are provided with the second connecting rod that the downward sloping was arranged, the lower extreme of second connecting rod is provided with the pivot that the level was arranged, it is connected with the rim plate to rotate in the pivot, and two rim plates are the splayed and arrange and there is the interval between it. The invention can effectively loosen hardened grassland vegetation and soil on the premise of protecting the vegetation through the wheel disc and the steel needle, and effectively avoids the problems of damage to the grassland vegetation and aggravation of grassland desertification caused by loosening the soil by adopting tools such as a plough, a harrow and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for deteriorated grasslands in Xinjiang.
Background
The common problems in China are that the grassland is degraded and the ecological condition is rapidly worsened. Especially, in inland arid and semiarid grasslands, the degradation of the grasslands not only directly affects the healthy development of animal husbandry, but also is very unfavorable for the sustainable development of national economy. More seriously, it aggravates the deterioration of land ecology and threatens human survival. Arid and semi-arid grasslands cause the vulnerability of grassland ecology and grassland vegetation due to specific natural factors. This increases the difficulty of grassland improvement, which is imperative.
The grassland is an important place for developing animal husbandry, and is easy to degrade in the land and the grassland under the conditions of unreasonable reclamation and excessive grazing utilization. From the ecological benefit, the degradation of the grassland not only endangers the ecological environment of the grassland, but also endangers the environmental quality of cities and countryside beyond dozens of kilometers or even thousands of kilometers due to sand storm caused by surface soil wind erosion. From the economic development, the sustainable development of the animal husbandry production is influenced, and meanwhile, the soil productivity of farmlands around grasslands is reduced.
As one of the main pasturing areas in China, Xinjiang has 8.6 hundred million acres of grassland area. Wherein the pasturing area is 5.6 hundred million acres, occupies 65 percent of the area of the grassland and is the largest land ecosystem in Xinjiang. Due to climate change, over utilization and artificial damage, more than 80% of grassland in Xinjiang is degenerated, the conservation capacity of the raw water of the grassland in mountainous areas is reduced, water and soil loss is aggravated, and natural disasters are frequent. In order to reduce the burden of the grassland, Xinjiang implements a plurality of projects such as returning pasture and returning pasture, prohibiting pasturing and rotating pasturing, balancing pasturing and the like, and leads the farmers to become participants and beneficiaries of ecological protection and development of the grassland through the rewarding policies such as the pasturing assistance prohibition of pasturing the grassland, the balanced reward of the grassland, the production data subsidy of the farmers, the improved variety subsidy of the pasture and the like.
The grassland reseeding can reseed valuable excellent grass seeds which can adapt to local natural conditions on the grassland on the premise of not destroying or slightly destroying the original vegetation, the aims of rapidly improving the grassland vegetation coverage, increasing the grass yield and improving the quality are achieved, however, no soil loosening equipment aiming at the grassland restoration is available on the market, tools such as a plough and a rake are generally adopted for soil loosening, although the degraded grassland can be effectively loosened, the problems of destroying the grassland vegetation and aggravating the desertification of the grassland are easy to occur.
Therefore, the ecological restoration method for the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area is designed, the caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened through the wheel disc and the steel needle on the premise of protecting the vegetation, and the problems that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the desertification of the grassland is aggravated when soil is loosened by adopting tools such as a plough and a harrow are effectively avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art and solve the problems that tools such as a plough and a harrow are adopted to loosen degraded and caked grasslands in the prior art, the grassland vegetation is easy to damage and the desertification of the grasslands is aggravated, the invention provides the ecological restoration method for the degraded grasslands in Xinjiang.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area comprises the following steps:
s1, enclosing and fertilizing: enclosing a grassland needing to be repaired by using 15-20 meshes of wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the using amount of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological agent according to the using amount of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting rapid field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity degrees of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the rapid field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the seeds with an insecticide and a bactericide to prepare a coating;
s3, loosening and sowing: carrying out multi-needle rolling pricking type loosening on the grassland through the farm machinery dragging soil loosening equipment, sowing the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, scratching transverse roots and stems on the ground surface through the soil loosening equipment, reducing the soil compactness, increasing the air permeability and the water absorbability, and promoting the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil;
s4, irrigation: spraying the soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, wherein the irrigation is water diversion, overflow, furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation;
s5, field management: the enclosure is sealed and cultivated for 2-3 years, in the process, the application of pesticides and herbicides and the putting of poison baits are well done to remove the poison weeds and reduce insect pests and rat pests, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions beneficial to the growth of grasslands;
the soil loosening equipment comprises a horizontally arranged towing frame, and the towing frame is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece; the lower end of the left side of the towing bracket is hinged with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod below the first connecting rod; the transverse rods are arranged in the front and back direction, two ends of each transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods arranged in a downward inclining mode, the lower ends of the second connecting rods are provided with rotating shafts arranged horizontally, the rotating shafts are connected with wheel discs in a rotating mode, the two wheel discs are arranged in a splayed mode, and a space exists between the two wheel discs; the wheel disc is internally and coaxially provided with an annular bulge, a plurality of steel needles are uniformly distributed on the annular bulge, and the steel needles radially extend to the outside of the edge of the wheel disc and can roll along with the wheel disc and prick soil below the wheel disc.
When the multifunctional wheel disc is used, the agricultural machine drives the towing bracket to move, so that the two wheels rotate around the rotating shaft, in the process, the steel needles on the wheel disc can be pricked into soil and stirred, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the machine is simple, the operation cost is low, the popularization and the promotion are easy, the small agricultural machine of a herdsman can perform towing operation, caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, and the problems of damage to the grassland vegetation and aggravation of grassland desertification caused by loosening the soil by using tools such as a plough and a rake are effectively avoided; through the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc, the wheel disc and the steel needles generate comprehensive force of rolling, extruding and prying in multiple directions when pricking grassland soil, the loosening effect of the soil is improved, meanwhile, transverse roots and stems of earth surface weeds can be cut off, and strip-shaped shallow turning is carried out, so that convenience is brought to subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions favorable for growth of grassland plants are created.
Preferably, the fast-planting grass seeds are awn and/or elymus nutans, and the slow-planting grass seeds are leymus chinensis and/or poa annua. The continuity of grass seed emergence is ensured by combining the two grass seeds with the characteristics, namely, the grass seeds emerge in different time periods, and seedlings can be sufficiently supplemented even in a severe climate environment; moreover, the seedlings of the grass seeds which emerge first can be protected by the plants which emerge first, and the survival rate of the grass seeds which emerge later is greatly improved; and the two grass seeds are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and alkali-resistant, can be well adapted to the grassland environment in Xinjiang area, and meanwhile, the two grass seeds are both important to one of the pastures, thereby having better economic benefit.
Preferably, a disk-shaped guide block is arranged on the rotating shaft at the inner side of the annular bulge, and arc-shaped grooves with inner grooves are symmetrically arranged at the left upper side and the right lower side of the guide block; a second spring is sleeved outside the steel needle on the inner side of the annular bulge, one end of the second spring is fixed at the end part of the steel needle, and the other end of the second spring is abutted against the inner wall of the annular bulge; the end part of the steel needle is abutted against the guide block and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block; and guide holes matched with the steel needles in size are correspondingly arranged on the annular bulge and the wheel disc. The end part of the steel needle is abutted against the guide block and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block when the steel needle rotates along with the wheel disc under the action of the elastic force of the second spring, so that when the steel needle rotates to the left lower side of the wheel disc, the steel needle overcomes the elastic force of the second spring to extend due to the counter-acting force given by the guide block, the steel needle is further deeply inserted into soil, the air permeability and the water absorption are increased, and the environmental condition favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle rotates to the lower right side of the wheel disc, the steel needle retracts rapidly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove, the soil depth pried by the steel needle is reduced, the probability of desertification of a grassland caused by over-deep damage to earth surface soil is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle in the rapid retraction process of the steel needle are blocked and removed by the wheel disc, so that the blocking is avoided; when it rotated to the upper left side of rim plate, the steel needle also retracted fast under the spring action of second spring, reduced the length that exposes of steel needle, avoided the steel needle to collide the horizontal pole and cause the harm, also corresponding design length that has reduced the second connecting rod simultaneously for the equipment that loosens the soil is whole compacter, also avoids the second connecting rod overlength to lead to receiving the torsional force easily and the condition of bending simultaneously.
Preferably, the dragging frame is fixedly provided with a grass seed box with an opening at the upper end, the lower end of the grass seed box is provided with an automatic seeder communicated with the grass seed box, and the lower end of the automatic seeder is positioned between two adjacent wheels. The grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box and the automatic seeder, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil lifted by the steel needle, and the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; simultaneously, soil loosening and sowing operations can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that soil is compacted and caked due to repeated use of the agricultural machine is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved in a phase change manner.
Preferably, the cross bar is fixedly provided with a guide post which is vertically arranged, the guide post passes through the towing bracket and extends above the towing bracket, and the towing bracket is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post; a first spring is arranged between the towing bracket and the cross rod, and the first spring is sleeved outside the guide post. Through the arrangement of the first spring, on one hand, the transverse rod is compressed, so that the wheel disc is always attached to the ground, and the loosening effect of the steel needle is ensured; on the other hand, first spring can convert the power when first connecting rod swings into the pressure to the towing bracket for the towing bracket vibrates, and then has solved the problem of jam when the grass seed box is sowed.
Preferably, a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity are sequentially arranged in the automatic seeder from top to bottom, and the first cavity is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box; a first through hole communicated with the second cavity is formed in the front side of the lower end of the first cavity, and a second through hole communicated with the third cavity is formed in the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity; a sliding block with the same height as the second cavity is arranged in the second cavity, a third through hole which is communicated up and down is arranged on the sliding block, and the inner diameter of the third through hole is the same as that of the first through hole and that of the second through hole; and a third spring is arranged between the rear side of the sliding block and the rear side wall in the second cavity, a traction rope is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the sliding block and penetrates through the rear side wall of the second cavity to extend out of the rear side of the automatic seeder. Because the sliding block is located the front side in second chamber under the effect of third spring during the beginning, the grass seed can get into the third through-hole through first chamber and first through-hole this moment, the pulling haulage rope, can make the sliding block overcome the elasticity of third spring and move backward, and make third through-hole and second through-hole align, make the grass seed fall through second through-hole and third chamber, because the volume of the grass seed that the single sliding block carried is only relevant with the volume of third through-hole, consequently realize the quantitative seeding of grass seed, make the grass seed can evenly broadcast on the grass field.
Preferably, a handle capable of swinging left and right is hinged to the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder, the traction rope is tensioned, and the free end of the traction rope is fixed to the handle; the handle is located the rotation route of steel needle and rotates the steel needle along with the rim plate and can extrude and make the handle swing, and then stimulates the sliding block through the haulage rope, realizes single ration seeding. Because the handle is located the rotation route of steel needle, consequently rotate the steel needle along with the rim plate and can extrude and make the handle swing, and then through haulage rope pulling sliding block, realize single ration seeding, consequently through quantity and the interval of setting for well steel needle, under the condition that does not need additionally to increase the power supply, can realize the continuous ration seeding of equidistant of grass kind, very big improvement the efficiency and the stability of seeding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the ecological restoration method for the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area, the caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened through the wheel disc and the steel needle on the premise of protecting the vegetation, and the problems that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the desertification of the grassland is aggravated when soil is loosened by adopting tools such as a plough and a harrow are effectively solved.
2. According to the ecological restoration method for the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area, the grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box and the automatic seeder, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil lifted by the steel needle, and the soil penetration and germination of the grass seeds are promoted; simultaneously, soil loosening and sowing operations can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that soil is compacted and caked due to repeated use of the agricultural machine is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved in a phase change manner.
3. According to the ecological restoration method for the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area, provided by the invention, the grass seeds can be continuously and quantitatively sowed at equal intervals without additionally increasing a power source through the automatic sowing device, so that the sowing efficiency and stability are greatly improved.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a ripping apparatus used with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a ripping apparatus used with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an automatic seeder used in the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a towing bracket; 11. a connecting member; 12. a first link; 13. a cross bar; 14. a second link; 15. a first spring; 16. a guide post; 2. a wheel disc; 21. a steel needle; 22. an annular projection; 23. a second spring; 24. a rotating shaft; 25. a guide block; 26. an arc-shaped groove; 3. a grass seed box; 4. an automatic seeder; 41. a handle; 42. a first chamber; 43. a second chamber; 44. a third chamber; 45. a first through hole; 46. a second through hole; 5. a slider; 51. a third through hole; 52. a third spring; 53. and (6) pulling the rope.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for ecologically restoring deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang comprises the following steps:
s1, enclosing and fertilizing: enclosing a grassland needing to be repaired by using 15-20 meshes of wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the using amount of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological agent according to the using amount of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting rapid field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity degrees of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the rapid field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the seeds with an insecticide and a bactericide to prepare a coating;
s3, loosening and sowing: carrying out multi-needle rolling pricking type loosening on the grassland through the farm machinery dragging soil loosening equipment, sowing the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, scratching transverse roots and stems on the ground surface through the soil loosening equipment, reducing the soil compactness, increasing the air permeability and the water absorbability, and promoting the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil;
s4, irrigation: spraying the soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, wherein the irrigation is water diversion, overflow, furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation;
s5, field management: the enclosure is sealed and cultivated for 2-3 years, in the process, the application of pesticides and herbicides and the putting of poison baits are well done to remove the poison weeds and reduce insect pests and rat pests, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions beneficial to the growth of grasslands;
the soil loosening equipment comprises a horizontally arranged towing frame 1, and the towing frame 1 is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece 11; the lower end of the left side of the towing bracket 1 is hinged with a first connecting rod 12, and the other end of the first connecting rod 12 is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod 13 below the first connecting rod; the transverse rods 13 are arranged in a front-back manner, two ends of each transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods 14 which are arranged in a downward inclining manner, the lower ends of the second connecting rods 14 are provided with rotating shafts 24 which are arranged horizontally, the rotating shafts 24 are rotatably connected with wheel discs 2, the two wheel discs 2 are arranged in a splayed manner, and a space is reserved between the two wheel discs; annular protrusion 22 is coaxially arranged in the wheel disc 2, a plurality of steel needles 21 are uniformly distributed on the annular protrusion 22, and the steel needles 21 radially extend to the outer edge of the wheel disc 2 and can prick soil below while rolling along with the wheel disc 2.
When the multifunctional agricultural machinery is used, the towing bracket 1 is driven to move by the agricultural machinery, so that the two wheel discs 2 rotate around the rotating shaft 24, in the process, the steel needles 21 on the wheel discs 2 can be pricked into soil and stirred, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the machinery is simple, the operation cost is low, the popularization is easy, the small agricultural machinery of a herdsman can be used for towing operation, caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, and the problems that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the grassland desertification is aggravated when soil is loosened by adopting tools such as plows and rakes are effectively avoided; through the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc 2, the wheel disc 2 and the steel needles 21 generate comprehensive force of rolling, extruding and prying in multiple directions when pricking grassland soil, the loosening effect of the soil is improved, meanwhile, transverse roots and stems of earth surface weeds can be cut off, and strip-shaped shallow turning is carried out, so that convenience is provided for subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions favorable for growth of grassland plants are created.
As an embodiment of the invention, the fast-planting grass seeds are awn and/or elymus nutans, and the slow-planting grass seeds are leymus chinensis and/or poa annua. The continuity of grass seed emergence is ensured by combining the two grass seeds with the characteristics, namely, the grass seeds emerge in different time periods, and seedlings can be sufficiently supplemented even in a severe climate environment; moreover, the seedlings of the grass seeds which emerge first can be protected by the plants which emerge first, and the survival rate of the grass seeds which emerge later is greatly improved; and the two grass seeds are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and alkali-resistant, can be well adapted to the grassland environment in Xinjiang area, and meanwhile, the two grass seeds are both important to one of the pastures, thereby having better economic benefit.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a disk-shaped guide block 25 is provided on the rotating shaft 24 inside the annular protrusion 22, and arc-shaped grooves 26 having inward grooves are symmetrically arranged on the upper left side and the lower right side of the guide block 25; a second spring 23 is sleeved outside the steel needle 21 at the inner side of the annular bulge 22, one end of the second spring 23 is fixed at the end part of the steel needle 21, and the other end of the second spring 23 is abutted against the inner wall of the annular bulge 22; the end of the steel needle 21 is abutted against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block; the annular bulge 22 and the wheel disc 2 are correspondingly provided with guide holes matched with the steel needles 21 in size. The end part of the steel needle 21 is abutted against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block when the steel needle 21 rotates along with the wheel disc 2 under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that when the steel needle 21 rotates to the left lower side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 overcomes the elastic force extension of the second spring 23 due to the counterforce given by the guide block 25, the steel needle 21 is further deeply inserted into soil, the air permeability and the water absorption are increased, and the environmental condition favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle 21 rotates to the lower right side of the wheel disc 2, due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove 26, the steel needle 21 can retract quickly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, the soil depth of prying of the steel needle 21 is reduced, the probability of desertification of a grassland caused by over-deep damage to earth surface soil is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle 21 in the quick retraction process of the steel needle 21 are blocked and removed by the wheel disc 2, so that the clamping is avoided; when it rotated to the upper left side of rim plate 2, steel needle 21 also retracted fast under the spring action of second spring 23, reduced the length that exposes of steel needle 21, avoided steel needle 21 to collide the horizontal pole 13 and cause the harm, also corresponding design length that has reduced second connecting rod 14 simultaneously for the equipment that loosens the soil is whole compacter, also avoids second connecting rod 14 overlength to lead to receiving the torsional force easily and the condition of bending simultaneously.
In one embodiment of the invention, a grass seed box 3 with an open upper end is fixedly arranged on the towing bracket 1, an automatic seeder 4 communicated with the grass seed box 3 is arranged at the lower end of the grass seed box 3, and the lower end of the automatic seeder 4 is positioned between two adjacent wheels 2. The grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box 3 and the automatic seeder 4, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil taken up by the steel needle 21, and the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; simultaneously, soil loosening and sowing operations can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that soil is compacted and caked due to repeated use of the agricultural machine is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved in a phase change manner.
As an embodiment of the invention, a guide post 16 which is vertically arranged is fixedly arranged on the cross bar 13, the guide post 16 passes through the towing bracket 1 and extends above the towing bracket 1, and a guide hole matched with the guide post 16 is correspondingly arranged on the towing bracket 1; a first spring 15 is arranged between the towing bracket 1 and the cross bar 13, and the first spring 15 is sleeved outside the guide post 16. Through the arrangement of the first spring 15, on one hand, the transverse rod 13 is compressed, so that the wheel disc 2 is always attached to the ground, and the loosening effect of the steel needle 21 is ensured; on the other hand, the first spring 15 can convert the force generated when the first link 12 swings into a pressure on the towing bracket 1, so that the towing bracket 1 vibrates, and the problem of blockage when the grass seed box 3 is sowed is solved.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a first chamber 42, a second chamber 43 and a third chamber 44 are sequentially arranged in the automatic seeder 4 from top to bottom, the first chamber 42 is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box 3; a first through hole 45 communicated with the second cavity 43 is formed in the front side of the lower end of the first cavity 42, and a second through hole 46 communicated with the third cavity 44 is formed in the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity 43; a sliding block 5 with the same height as the second cavity 43 is arranged in the second cavity, a third through hole 51 which is communicated up and down is arranged on the sliding block 5, and the inner diameter of the third through hole 51 is the same as that of the first through hole 45 and the second through hole 46; a third spring 52 is arranged between the rear side of the sliding block 5 and the inner rear side wall of the second cavity 43, a traction rope is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the sliding block 5 and penetrates through the rear side wall of the second cavity 43 to extend out of the rear side of the automatic seeder 4. Because the sliding block 5 is located at the front side of the second cavity 43 under the action of the third spring 52 initially, the grass seeds can enter the third through hole 51 through the first cavity 42 and the first through hole 45 at the moment, the pulling rope is pulled, the sliding block 5 can move backwards by overcoming the elastic force of the third spring 52, and the third through hole 51 is aligned with the second through hole 46, so that the grass seeds fall through the second through hole 46 and the third cavity 44, and because the amount of the grass seeds conveyed by the single sliding block 5 is only related to the volume of the third through hole 51, the quantitative sowing of the grass seeds is realized, and the grass seeds can be uniformly sown on a grass field.
As an embodiment of the invention, a handle 41 capable of swinging left and right is hinged on the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder 4, the traction rope is tensioned, and the free end of the traction rope is fixed on the handle 41; the handle 41 is located on the rotation path of the steel needle 21 and can extrude the steel needle 21 along with the rotation of the wheel disc 2, so that the handle 41 swings, and then the sliding block 5 is pulled through the traction rope, and single quantitative sowing is realized. Because the handle 41 is located the rotation route of steel needle 21, consequently rotate steel needle 21 along with rim plate 2 and can extrude and make handle 41 swing, and then through haulage rope pulling sliding block 5, realize single ration seeding, consequently through quantity and the interval of setting for steel needle 21, under the condition that does not need additionally to increase the power supply, can realize the continuous ration seeding of equidistant of grass kind, very big improvement the efficiency and the stability of seeding.
When the multifunctional agricultural machinery is used, the towing bracket 1 is driven to move by the agricultural machinery, so that the two wheel discs 2 rotate around the rotating shaft 24, in the process, the steel needles 21 on the wheel discs 2 can be pricked into soil and stirred, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the machinery is simple, the operation cost is low, the popularization is easy, the small agricultural machinery of a herdsman can be used for towing operation, caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, and the problems that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the grassland desertification is aggravated when soil is loosened by adopting tools such as plows and rakes are effectively avoided; due to the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc 2, the wheel disc 2 and the steel needles 21 generate comprehensive force of rolling, extruding and prying in multiple directions when pricking grassland soil, the soil loosening effect is improved, meanwhile, transverse roots and stems of surface weeds can be cut off and strip-shaped shallow turning can be carried out, convenience is provided for subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions beneficial to growth of grassland plants are created; the end part of the steel needle 21 is abutted against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block when the steel needle 21 rotates along with the wheel disc 2 under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that when the steel needle 21 rotates to the left lower side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 overcomes the elastic force extension of the second spring 23 due to the counterforce given by the guide block 25, the steel needle 21 is further deeply inserted into soil, the air permeability and the water absorption are increased, and the environmental condition favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle 21 rotates to the lower right side of the wheel disc 2, due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove 26, the steel needle 21 can retract quickly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, the soil depth of prying of the steel needle 21 is reduced, the probability of desertification of a grassland caused by over-deep damage to earth surface soil is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle 21 in the quick retraction process of the steel needle 21 are blocked and removed by the wheel disc 2, so that the clamping is avoided; when the steel needle rotates to the left upper side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 also retracts rapidly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that the exposed length of the steel needle 21 is reduced, the steel needle 21 is prevented from colliding with the cross rod 13 to cause damage, meanwhile, the design length of the second connecting rod 14 is correspondingly reduced, the whole scarification equipment is more compact, and meanwhile, the situation that the second connecting rod 14 is too long to cause bending easily due to torsional force is also avoided; the grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box 3 and the automatic seeder 4, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil taken up by the steel needle 21, and the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; meanwhile, soil loosening and sowing operations can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that soil is compacted and caked due to the fact that the agricultural machine is used for multiple times is avoided, and the soil loosening effect is improved through phase change; through the arrangement of the first spring 15, on one hand, the transverse rod 13 is compressed, so that the wheel disc 2 is always attached to the ground, and the loosening effect of the steel needle 21 is ensured; on the other hand, the first spring 15 can convert the force generated when the first connecting rod 12 swings into pressure on the towing bracket 1, so that the towing bracket 1 vibrates, and the problem of blockage of the grass seed box 3 during seeding is solved; because the sliding block 5 is initially positioned at the front side of the second cavity 43 under the action of the third spring 52, the grass seeds can enter the third through hole 51 through the first cavity 42 and the first through hole 45, the sliding block 5 can move backwards by overcoming the elastic force of the third spring 52 by pulling the traction rope, and the third through hole 51 is aligned with the second through hole 46, so that the grass seeds fall through the second through hole 46 and the third cavity 44, and because the amount of the grass seeds conveyed by the single sliding block 5 is only related to the volume of the third through hole 51, the quantitative sowing of the grass seeds is realized, and the grass seeds can be uniformly sown on a grass field; because the handle 41 is located the rotation route of steel needle 21, consequently rotate steel needle 21 along with rim plate 2 and can extrude and make handle 41 swing, and then through haulage rope pulling sliding block 5, realize single ration seeding, consequently through quantity and the interval of setting for steel needle 21, under the condition that does not need additionally to increase the power supply, can realize the continuous ration seeding of equidistant of grass kind, very big improvement the efficiency and the stability of seeding.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The ecological restoration method for the deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, enclosing and fertilizing: enclosing a grassland needing to be repaired by using 15-20 meshes of wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the using amount of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological agent according to the using amount of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting rapid field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity degrees of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the rapid field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the seeds with an insecticide and a bactericide to prepare a coating;
s3, loosening and sowing: carrying out multi-needle rolling pricking type loosening on the grassland through the farm machinery dragging soil loosening equipment, sowing the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, scratching transverse roots and stems on the ground surface through the soil loosening equipment, reducing the soil compactness, increasing the air permeability and the water absorbability, and promoting the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil;
s4, irrigation: spraying the soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, wherein the irrigation is water diversion, overflow, furrow irrigation or sprinkling irrigation;
s5, field management: the enclosure is sealed and cultivated for 2-3 years, in the process, the application of pesticides and herbicides and the putting of poison baits are well done to remove the poison weeds and reduce insect pests and rat pests, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions beneficial to the growth of grasslands;
the soil loosening equipment comprises a horizontally arranged towing frame (1), and the towing frame (1) is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece (11); the lower end of the left side of the towing bracket (1) is hinged with a first connecting rod (12), and the other end of the first connecting rod (12) is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod (13) below the first connecting rod; the transverse rods (13) are arranged in a front-back mode, two ends of each transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods (14) which are arranged in a downward inclining mode, the lower ends of the second connecting rods (14) are provided with rotating shafts (24) which are arranged horizontally, the rotating shafts (24) are connected with wheel discs (2) in a rotating mode, the two wheel discs (2) are arranged in a splayed mode, and intervals exist between the two wheel discs; coaxial setting annular is protruding (22) in rim plate (2), the equipartition has a plurality of steel needles (21) on annular is protruding (22), steel needle (21) radially extend to rim plate (2) edge outside and can prick the soil of below along with rim plate (2) roll simultaneously.
2. The method for ecologically restoring deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 1, wherein the fast-planting grass species is Oymustris and/or Elymus nutans and the slow-planting grass species is Leymus chinensis and/or Poa annua.
3. The ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 2, wherein the rotating shaft (24) inside the annular protrusion (22) is provided with a disc-shaped guide block (25), and the left upper side and the right lower side of the guide block (25) are symmetrically provided with an arc-shaped groove (26) with an inward groove; a second spring (23) is sleeved outside the steel needle (21) at the inner side of the annular bulge (22), one end of the second spring (23) is fixed at the end part of the steel needle (21), and the other end of the second spring (23) is abutted against the inner wall of the annular bulge (22); the end part of the steel needle (21) is abutted against the guide block (25) and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block; the annular bulge (22) and the wheel disc (2) are correspondingly provided with guide holes matched with the steel needle (21) in size.
4. The ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 3, wherein the towing bracket (1) is fixedly provided with a grass seed box (3) with an opening at the upper end, the lower end of the grass seed box (3) is provided with an automatic seeder (4) communicated with the grass seed box, and the lower end of the automatic seeder (4) is positioned between two adjacent wheels (2).
5. The ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 4, wherein the cross bar (13) is fixedly provided with a vertically arranged guide post (16), the guide post (16) passes through the towing bracket (1) and extends to the upper part of the towing bracket (1), and the towing bracket (1) is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post (16); a first spring (15) is arranged between the towing bracket (1) and the cross rod (13), and the first spring (15) is sleeved on the outer side of the guide column (16).
6. The ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 5, wherein the automatic seeder (4) is internally provided with a first chamber (42), a second chamber (43) and a third chamber (44) from top to bottom in sequence, and the first chamber (42) is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box (3); a first through hole (45) communicated with the second cavity (43) is formed in the front side of the lower end of the first cavity (42), and a second through hole (46) communicated with the third cavity (44) is formed in the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity (43); a sliding block (5) with the same height as the second cavity (43) is arranged in the second cavity, a third through hole (51) which is through up and down is formed in the sliding block (5), and the inner diameter of the third through hole (51) is the same as that of the first through hole (45) and the second through hole (46); be provided with third spring (52) between sliding block (5) rear side and the interior back wall of second chamber (43), still the fixed haulage rope that is provided with on sliding block (5) rear side, the haulage rope passes second chamber (43) back wall and extends to outside automatic disseminator (4) rear side.
7. The ecological restoration method for deteriorated grassland in Xinjiang area according to claim 6, wherein a handle (41) capable of swinging left and right is hinged to the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder (4), the traction rope is tensioned, and the free end of the traction rope is fixed on the handle (41); handle (41) are located the rotation route of steel needle (21) and rotate steel needle (21) along with reel (2) and can extrude and make handle (41) swing, and then through haulage rope pulling sliding block (5), realize single ration seeding.
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