CN112005650B - Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112005650B CN112005650B CN202010909165.6A CN202010909165A CN112005650B CN 112005650 B CN112005650 B CN 112005650B CN 202010909165 A CN202010909165 A CN 202010909165A CN 112005650 B CN112005650 B CN 112005650B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- cavity
- grassland
- steel needle
- grass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a degraded grassland ecological restoration method in Xinjiang, which uses a scarifying device comprising a horizontally arranged towing frame, wherein the towing frame is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece; the lower end of the left side of the dragging frame is hinged with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod below the first connecting rod; the horizontal pole is arranged around and both ends are all fixed and are provided with the second connecting rod that downward sloping was arranged, the lower extreme of second connecting rod is provided with the pivot that the level was arranged, rotate in the pivot and be connected with the rim plate, two rim plates are the splayed and arrange and have the interval between them. The invention can effectively loosen hardened grassland vegetation and soil on the premise of protecting the vegetation through the wheel disc and the steel needle, and effectively solves the problems of damage to the grassland vegetation and desertification aggravation of the grassland caused by loosening the soil by using tools such as a plow, a harrow and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a degraded grassland ecological restoration method in Xinjiang.
Background
Grasslands are degraded, and ecological conditions are rapidly deteriorated, which is a common problem in China at present. Especially inland arid and semiarid grasslands, the grassland degradation not only directly affects the healthy development of animal husbandry, but also is very unfavorable for the sustainable development of national economy. More serious, it aggravates the deterioration of terrestrial ecology, which poses a threat to human survival. Arid and semiarid grasslands create vulnerability of grassland ecology and grassland vegetation due to specific natural factors. This adds difficulty to the improvement of the grasslands, which is imperative.
Grasslands are important sites for developing animal husbandry, and degradation of land and grasslands is extremely easy to occur under the conditions of unreasonable reclamation and excessive grazing utilization. From the ecological benefit, the degradation of the grassland not only endangers the ecological environment of the grassland itself, but also endangers the environmental quality of urban and rural areas which are tens of kilometers or even thousands of kilometers away from the surface soil wind erosion. From the economic development, the sustainable development of the animal husbandry production is influenced, and the soil productivity of farmland around grasslands is reduced.
As one of the main pasture areas of the whole country, xinjiang has 8.6 hundred million acres of grassland area. The pasture area is 5.6 hundred million mu, which occupies 65 percent of the grassland area, and is the largest land ecological system in Xinjiang. Due to climate change, overutilization and artificial damage, more than 80% of grasslands in Xinjiang are degraded, the water conservation capacity of the grasslands in mountain areas is reduced, and water and soil loss is aggravated, so that natural disasters frequently occur. In order to 'reduce load' on grasslands, xinjiang implements multiple projects such as pasture withdrawal, pasture returning, pasture prohibition rotation, pasture balancing and the like, and guides farmers to become participants and beneficiaries of grassland ecological protection and development through prize supplementing policies such as grassland pasture prohibition and supplement, pasture balancing rewards, pasture production data subsidy, pasture fine breed subsidy and the like.
The method has the advantages that on the premise of not damaging or less damaging original vegetation, valuable excellent grasses which can adapt to local natural conditions can be planted on the grasses in a complementary mode, the purposes of rapidly improving the coverage of the grasses, increasing the grass yield and improving the quality are achieved, but no soil loosening equipment for repairing the grasses is generally adopted for loosening soil in the prior market, and although degraded grasses can be effectively loosened, the problems of damaging the grasses and increasing the desertification of the grasses are easy to occur.
Therefore, the invention designs a method for ecologically restoring degraded grasslands in Xinjiang, which can effectively loosen caked grassland vegetation and soil on the premise of protecting the vegetation through the wheel disc and the steel needle, and effectively solves the problems of damage to the grassland vegetation and desertification aggravation of the grassland when soil is loosened by using tools such as a plow, a rake and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for ecologically restoring degraded grasslands in Xinjiang, which solves the problems that grassland vegetation is easily damaged and grassland desertification is aggravated when a degraded and caked grassland is loosened by adopting tools such as a plow, a harrow and the like in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for ecologically restoring degraded grassland in Xinjiang region comprises the following steps:
s1, enclosing fertilization: enclosing a grassland to be repaired by using 15-20 mesh wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological microbial inoculum according to the dosage of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting quick field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to a mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds with pesticides and bactericides to prepare a coating;
s3, loose sowing: the soil loosening equipment is towed by an agricultural machine to loosen the grassland by multi-needle rolling pricking, the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 are sowed according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, the soil loosening equipment is used for cutting the roots and stems of the transverse row on the ground surface, the soil compactness is reduced, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil are promoted to enter the soil for germination;
s4, irrigation: spraying soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, and irrigating to obtain diversion overflow, furrow irrigation or spray irrigation;
s5, field management: sealing and breeding for 2-3 years by using a fence, and in the process, spraying insecticide and herbicide and throwing poison bait are carried out to remove poison grass and reduce insect pests and rat damage, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions favorable for the growth of grasslands and plants;
the soil loosening equipment comprises a towing frame which is horizontally arranged, and the towing frame is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece; the lower end of the left side of the dragging frame is hinged with a first connecting rod, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod below the first connecting rod; the transverse rod is arranged front and back, two ends of the transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods which are arranged in a downward inclined mode, the lower ends of the second connecting rods are provided with rotating shafts which are horizontally arranged, the rotating shafts are rotationally connected with wheel discs, and the two wheel discs are arranged in a splayed mode and have a space between the two wheel discs; the wheel disc is internally and coaxially provided with an annular bulge, a plurality of steel needles are uniformly distributed on the annular bulge, and the steel needles radially extend out of the edge of the wheel disc and can prick soil below while rolling along with the wheel disc.
When in use, the agricultural machinery drives the towing frame to move, so that the two wheel discs rotate around the rotating shaft, steel needles on the wheel discs can be pricked into the soil and stirred in the process, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the mechanical simplicity operation cost is low, the popularization and the popularization are easy, the small farm machinery of the herd can carry out traction operation, and the agglomerated grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, so that the problem of damage to the grassland vegetation and increased desertification caused by loosening the soil by adopting tools such as a plow, a rake and the like is effectively avoided; through the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc, the wheel disc and the steel needle generate comprehensive force of rolling, extruding and prying when pricking grassland soil, the loosening effect of the soil is improved, and meanwhile, transverse rootstocks of surface weeds can be cut off and strip shallow turning is carried out, so that convenience is brought to subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions favorable for the growth of grassland plants are created.
Preferably, the fast planting grass is old wheat awn and/or elvan scion, and the slow planting grass is leymus chinensis and/or bluegrass. By combining the grass seeds with two characteristics, the continuity of the emergence of the grass seeds is ensured, namely, the seedlings can be fully supplemented even in the severe climate environment when the grass seeds emerge in different time periods; moreover, the seedlings of the later-emergence grass seeds can be protected by the plants of the first-emergence grass seeds, and the survival rate of the later-emergence grass seeds is greatly improved; the two kinds of grasses are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and alkali-resistant, can be well adapted to grassland environments in Xinjiang areas, and meanwhile, one of the two kinds of important grasses has good economic benefit.
Preferably, a disc-shaped guide block is arranged on a rotating shaft at the inner side of the annular bulge, and arc-shaped grooves of inward grooves are symmetrically arranged at the left upper side and the right lower side of the guide block; a second spring is sleeved outside the steel needle at the inner side of the annular bulge, one end of the second spring is fixed at the end part of the steel needle, and the other end of the second spring is propped against the inner wall of the annular bulge; the end part of the steel needle is propped against the guide block and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block; guide holes matched with the steel needles in size are correspondingly formed in the annular protrusions and the wheel disc. The end part of the steel needle is propped against the guide block and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block under the action of the elasticity of the second spring when the steel needle rotates along with the wheel disc, so that when the steel needle rotates to the lower left side of the wheel disc, the steel needle overcomes the elasticity of the second spring to stretch due to the reaction force given by the guide block, the steel needle is further penetrated into soil deeply, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the environmental condition favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle rotates to the right lower side of the wheel disc, the steel needle is quickly retracted under the action of the elasticity of the second spring due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove, so that the soil depth of prying of the steel needle is reduced, the probability of grassland desertification caused by excessively deep damage to the soil on the earth surface is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle are blocked and removed by the wheel disc in the quick retraction process of the steel needle, so that the clamping is avoided; when it rotates to the upper left side of rim plate, the steel needle also withdraws fast under the elasticity effect of second spring, has reduced the length that exposes of steel needle, avoids the steel needle to bump the horizontal pole and causes the harm, also corresponding reduction the design length of second connecting rod simultaneously for the equipment of loosening the soil is whole compacter, also avoids the second connecting rod overlength to lead to receiving torsion force easily and the condition of bending simultaneously.
Preferably, the towing frame is fixedly provided with a grass seed box with an opening at the upper end, the lower end of the grass seed box is provided with an automatic seeder communicated with the grass seed box, and the lower end of the automatic seeder is positioned between two adjacent wheel discs. The grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box and the automatic seeder, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil brought up by the steel needle, and the soil entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; meanwhile, the soil loosening and sowing operation can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that the soil is compacted and caked due to the fact that the agricultural machine is used for many times is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved due to phase change.
Preferably, the cross bar is fixedly provided with a guide post which is vertically arranged, the guide post penetrates through the dragging frame and extends to the upper part of the dragging frame, and the dragging frame is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post; a first spring is arranged between the dragging frame and the cross rod, and the first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the guide post. By means of the arrangement of the first springs, on one hand, the cross rod is tightly pressed, and then the wheel disc is always clung to the ground, so that the loosening effect of the steel needle is ensured; on the other hand, the first spring can convert the force generated when the first connecting rod swings into the pressure to the dragging frame, so that the dragging frame vibrates, and the problem of blockage during sowing of the grass seed box is solved.
Preferably, a first cavity, a second cavity and a third cavity are sequentially arranged in the automatic seeder from top to bottom, and the first cavity is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box; the front side of the lower end of the first cavity is provided with a first through hole communicated with the second cavity, and the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity is provided with a second through hole communicated with the third cavity; the second cavity is internally provided with a sliding block with the same height as the second cavity, the sliding block is provided with a third through hole which is penetrated up and down, and the inner diameter of the third through hole is the same as the inner diameters of the first through hole and the second through hole; a third spring is arranged between the rear side of the sliding block and the rear side wall in the second cavity, a traction rope is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the sliding block, and the traction rope penetrates through the rear side wall of the second cavity and extends out of the rear side of the automatic seeder. The sliding block is initially positioned at the front side of the second cavity under the action of the third spring, grass seeds can enter the third through hole through the first cavity and the first through hole, the traction rope is pulled, the sliding block can overcome the elastic force of the third spring and move backwards, the third through hole is aligned with the second through hole, the grass seeds fall down through the second through hole and the third cavity, and the quantity of the grass seeds conveyed by the single sliding block is only related to the volume of the third through hole, so that quantitative sowing of the grass seeds is realized, and the grass seeds can be uniformly sowed on a grass field.
Preferably, a handle capable of swinging left and right is hinged on the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder, and the traction rope is tensioned and the free end of the traction rope is fixed on the handle; the handle is located on the rotating path of the steel needle and can be extruded and swung when the steel needle rotates along with the wheel disc, and then the sliding block is pulled through the traction rope, so that single quantitative sowing is realized. Because the handle is located the rotation route of steel needle, consequently rotate the steel needle along with the rim plate and can extrude and make the handle swing, and then through haulage rope pulling sliding block, realize single ration seeding, consequently through setting for quantity and interval of steel needle, under the condition that does not need extra increase power supply, can realize equidistant continuous ration seeding of grass seed, very big improvement efficiency and the stability of seeding.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the ecological restoration method for the degraded grasslands in the Xinjiang area, the caked grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation through the wheel disc and the steel needle, and the problems of damage to the grassland vegetation and desertification aggravation of the grassland caused by loosening the soil by using tools such as a plow and a harrow are effectively avoided.
2. According to the ecological restoration method for the degraded grassland in the Xinjiang area, disclosed by the invention, the grassseeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grassseed box and the automatic seeder, so that the grassseeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil brought up by the steel needle, and the soil penetration and germination of the grassseeds are promoted; meanwhile, the soil loosening and sowing operation can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that the soil is compacted and caked due to the fact that the agricultural machine is used for many times is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved due to phase change.
3. According to the ecological restoration method for the degraded grasslands in the Xinjiang area, disclosed by the invention, the equidistant continuous quantitative sowing of the grasslands can be realized by the automatic sowing device under the condition that no additional power source is needed, so that the sowing efficiency and stability are greatly improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a ripping apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a ripping apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 3 at A;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an automatic planter for use with the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a towing frame; 11. a connecting piece; 12. a first link; 13. a cross bar; 14. a second link; 15. a first spring; 16. a guide post; 2. a wheel disc; 21. a steel needle; 22. an annular protrusion; 23. a second spring; 24. a rotating shaft; 25. a guide block; 26. an arc-shaped groove; 3. grass seed box; 4. an automatic seeder; 41. a handle; 42. a first chamber; 43. a second chamber; 44. a third chamber; 45. a first through hole; 46. a second through hole; 5. a sliding block; 51. a third through hole; 52. a third spring; 53. a traction rope.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for ecologically restoring degraded grassland in Xinjiang comprises the following steps:
s1, enclosing fertilization: enclosing a grassland to be repaired by using 15-20 mesh wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological microbial inoculum according to the dosage of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting quick field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to a mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds with pesticides and bactericides to prepare a coating;
s3, loose sowing: the soil loosening equipment is towed by an agricultural machine to loosen the grassland by multi-needle rolling pricking, the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 are sowed according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, the soil loosening equipment is used for cutting the roots and stems of the transverse row on the ground surface, the soil compactness is reduced, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil are promoted to enter the soil for germination;
s4, irrigation: spraying soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, and irrigating to obtain diversion overflow, furrow irrigation or spray irrigation;
s5, field management: sealing and breeding for 2-3 years by using a fence, and in the process, spraying insecticide and herbicide and throwing poison bait are carried out to remove poison grass and reduce insect pests and rat damage, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions favorable for the growth of grasslands and plants;
wherein the soil loosening device comprises a towing frame 1 which is horizontally arranged, and the towing frame 1 is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece 11; the lower end of the left side of the dragging frame 1 is hinged with a first connecting rod 12, and the other end of the first connecting rod 12 is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod 13 below the first connecting rod; the transverse rod 13 is arranged front and back, two ends of the transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods 14 which are arranged obliquely downwards, the lower ends of the second connecting rods 14 are provided with rotating shafts 24 which are horizontally arranged, the rotating shafts 24 are rotationally connected with wheel discs 2, and the two wheel discs 2 are arranged in a splayed shape and have a space between the two wheel discs; annular protrusions 22 are coaxially arranged in the wheel disc 2, a plurality of steel needles 21 are uniformly distributed on the annular protrusions 22, and the steel needles 21 extend out of the edge of the wheel disc 2 in the radial direction and can roll along with the wheel disc 2 and simultaneously prick soil below.
When the device is used, the dragging frame 1 is driven by an agricultural machine to move, so that the two wheel discs 2 rotate around the rotating shaft 24, steel needles 21 on the wheel discs 2 can be pricked into soil and stirred in the process, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the device is simple in machine, low in operation cost and easy to popularize, small-sized agricultural machines of farmers can be used for traction operation, and agglomerated grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, so that the problem that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the grassland desertification is aggravated when tools such as a plow and a harrow are adopted to loosen the soil is effectively avoided; through the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc 2, the wheel disc 2 and the steel needle 21 generate comprehensive force of rolling, extruding and prying when pricking grassland soil, the loosening effect of the soil is improved, and meanwhile, transverse rootstocks of surface weeds can be cut off and banded shallow turning is performed, so that convenience is brought to subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions favorable for grassland plant growth are created.
As one embodiment of the invention, the fast planting grass seed is old wheat awn and/or elvan and the slow planting grass seed is leymus chinensis and/or bluegrass. By combining the grass seeds with two characteristics, the continuity of the emergence of the grass seeds is ensured, namely, the seedlings can be fully supplemented even in the severe climate environment when the grass seeds emerge in different time periods; moreover, the seedlings of the later-emergence grass seeds can be protected by the plants of the first-emergence grass seeds, and the survival rate of the later-emergence grass seeds is greatly improved; the two kinds of grasses are cold-resistant, drought-resistant and alkali-resistant, can be well adapted to grassland environments in Xinjiang areas, and meanwhile, one of the two kinds of important grasses has good economic benefit.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a disc-shaped guide block 25 is disposed on the rotating shaft 24 inside the annular protrusion 22, and arc-shaped grooves 26 of inward grooves are symmetrically disposed on the upper left side and the lower right side of the guide block 25; the steel needle 21 at the inner side of the annular bulge 22 is sleeved with a second spring 23, one end of the second spring 23 is fixed at the end part of the steel needle 21, and the other end of the second spring 23 abuts against the inner wall of the annular bulge 22; the end of the steel needle 21 is propped against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the steel needle; guide holes matched with the steel needles 21 in size are correspondingly formed in the annular protrusions 22 and the wheel disc 2. The end of the steel needle 21 is propped against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block when the steel needle 21 rotates along with the wheel disc 2 under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that when the steel needle 21 rotates to the lower left side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 stretches against the elastic force of the second spring 23 due to the reaction force given by the guide block 25, the steel needle 21 is further penetrated into soil deeply, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the environmental condition which is favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle 21 rotates to the right lower side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 is quickly retracted under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23 due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove 26, so that the depth of soil prized by the steel needle 21 is reduced, the probability of grassland desertification caused by excessively deep damage to the earth surface soil is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle 21 are blocked and removed by the wheel disc 2 in the quick retraction process of the steel needle 21, so that the clamping is avoided; when the soil loosening device rotates to the upper left side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 is also retracted rapidly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that the exposed length of the steel needle 21 is reduced, damage caused by collision of the steel needle 21 to the cross rod 13 is avoided, meanwhile, the design length of the second connecting rod 14 is correspondingly reduced, the whole soil loosening device is more compact, and meanwhile, the condition that the second connecting rod 14 is easily bent due to torsion force caused by overlong is avoided.
As an embodiment of the invention, a grass seed box 3 with an opening at the upper end is fixedly arranged on the dragging frame 1, an automatic seeder 4 communicated with the grass seed box 3 is arranged at the lower end of the grass seed box 3, and the lower end of the automatic seeder 4 is positioned between two adjacent wheel discs 2. The grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box 3 and the automatic seeder 4, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil brought up by the steel needles 21, and the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; meanwhile, the soil loosening and sowing operation can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, the working efficiency is improved, the problem that the soil is compacted and caked due to the fact that the agricultural machine is used for many times is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved due to phase change.
As one embodiment of the invention, the cross bar 13 is fixedly provided with a guide post 16 which is vertically arranged, the guide post 16 passes through the towing frame 1 and extends to the upper part of the towing frame 1, and the towing frame 1 is correspondingly provided with a guide hole matched with the guide post 16; a first spring 15 is arranged between the dragging frame 1 and the cross rod 13, and the first spring 15 is sleeved on the outer side of the guide post 16. By the arrangement of the first spring 15, on one hand, the cross rod 13 is tightly pressed, so that the wheel disc 2 is always clung to the ground, and the loosening effect of the steel needle 21 is ensured; on the other hand, the first spring 15 can convert the force generated when the first connecting rod 12 swings into the pressure on the towing frame 1, so that the towing frame 1 vibrates, and the problem of blockage when the grass seed box 3 is sown is solved.
As an embodiment of the present invention, a first cavity 42, a second cavity 43 and a third cavity 44 are sequentially provided in the automatic seeder 4 from top to bottom, and the first cavity 42 is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box 3; a first through hole 45 communicated with the second cavity 43 is formed in the front side of the lower end of the first cavity 42, and a second through hole 46 communicated with the third cavity 44 is formed in the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity 43; a sliding block 5 with the same height as the second cavity 43 is arranged in the second cavity 43, a third through hole 51 which is vertically penetrated is arranged on the sliding block 5, and the inner diameter of the third through hole 51 is the same as the inner diameters of the first through hole 45 and the second through hole 46; a third spring 52 is arranged between the rear side of the sliding block 5 and the inner rear side wall of the second cavity 43, and a traction rope is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the sliding block 5 and penetrates through the rear side wall of the second cavity 43 to extend out of the rear side of the automatic seeder 4. Since the sliding block 5 is initially located at the front side of the second cavity 43 under the action of the third spring 52, at this time, grass seeds can enter the third through hole 51 through the first cavity 42 and the first through hole 45, and the pulling rope is pulled, so that the sliding block 5 can move backwards against the elastic force of the third spring 52, and the third through hole 51 is aligned with the second through hole 46, so that the grass seeds fall through the second through hole 46 and the third cavity 44, and since the amount of the grass seeds conveyed by the single sliding block 5 is only related to the volume of the third through hole 51, quantitative sowing of the grass seeds is realized, and the grass seeds can be uniformly sowed on a grassland.
As an embodiment of the invention, a handle 41 capable of swinging left and right is hinged on the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder 4, and the traction rope is tensioned and the free end of the traction rope is fixed on the handle 41; the handle 41 is positioned on the rotating path of the steel needle 21, and the steel needle 21 can be extruded and swung along with the rotation of the wheel disc 2, so that the sliding block 5 is pulled by the traction rope, and single quantitative sowing is realized. Because the handle 41 is located on the rotating path of the steel needle 21, the steel needle 21 can be extruded and swung along with the rotation of the wheel disc 2, and then the sliding block 5 is pulled by the traction rope to realize single quantitative sowing, so that the equidistant continuous quantitative sowing of grass seeds can be realized under the condition that the number and the distance of the steel needles 21 are set, and the power source is not required to be additionally increased, and the sowing efficiency and the sowing stability are greatly improved.
When the device is used, the dragging frame 1 is driven by an agricultural machine to move, so that the two wheel discs 2 rotate around the rotating shaft 24, steel needles 21 on the wheel discs 2 can be pricked into soil and stirred in the process, rolling type pricking and loosening operation is implemented, the device is simple in machine, low in operation cost and easy to popularize, small-sized agricultural machines of farmers can be used for traction operation, and agglomerated grassland vegetation and soil can be effectively loosened on the premise of protecting the vegetation, so that the problem that the grassland vegetation is damaged and the grassland desertification is aggravated when tools such as a plow and a harrow are adopted to loosen the soil is effectively avoided; through the splayed arrangement of the wheel disc 2, the wheel disc 2 and the steel needle 21 generate comprehensive force of rolling, squeezing and prying when pricking grassland soil, the loosening effect of the soil is improved, and meanwhile, transverse rootstocks of surface weeds can be cut off and banded shallow turning is performed, so that convenience is brought to subsequent sowing, and environmental conditions favorable for the growth of grassland plants are created; the end of the steel needle 21 is propped against the guide block 25 and can slide along the outer edge of the guide block when the steel needle 21 rotates along with the wheel disc 2 under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that when the steel needle 21 rotates to the lower left side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 stretches against the elastic force of the second spring 23 due to the reaction force given by the guide block 25, the steel needle 21 is further penetrated into soil deeply, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the environmental condition which is favorable for the growth of grassland plants is created; when the steel needle 21 rotates to the right lower side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 is quickly retracted under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23 due to the existence of the arc-shaped groove 26, so that the depth of soil prized by the steel needle 21 is reduced, the probability of grassland desertification caused by excessively deep damage to the earth surface soil is reduced, and in addition, clay and weeds carried on the steel needle 21 are blocked and removed by the wheel disc 2 in the quick retraction process of the steel needle 21, so that the clamping is avoided; when the soil loosening device rotates to the upper left side of the wheel disc 2, the steel needle 21 is also retracted rapidly under the action of the elastic force of the second spring 23, so that the exposed length of the steel needle 21 is reduced, damage caused by collision of the steel needle 21 to the cross rod 13 is avoided, meanwhile, the design length of the second connecting rod 14 is correspondingly reduced, the whole soil loosening device is more compact, and meanwhile, the condition that the second connecting rod 14 is easily bent due to torsion force caused by overlong is avoided; the grass seeds can be sown while loosening the soil through the grass seed box 3 and the automatic seeder 4, so that the grass seeds falling on the surface layer of the soil are covered by the soil brought up by the steel needles 21, and the soil-entering germination of the grass seeds is promoted; meanwhile, soil loosening and sowing operations can be realized by using the agricultural machine once, so that the working efficiency is improved, the problem that soil is compacted and caked due to repeated use of the agricultural machine is avoided, and the loosening effect of the soil is improved due to phase change; by the arrangement of the first spring 15, on one hand, the cross rod 13 is tightly pressed, so that the wheel disc 2 is always clung to the ground, and the loosening effect of the steel needle 21 is ensured; on the other hand, the first spring 15 can convert the force generated when the first connecting rod 12 swings into the pressure on the towing frame 1, so that the towing frame 1 vibrates, and the problem of blockage when the grass seed box 3 is sown is solved; since the sliding block 5 is initially positioned at the front side of the second cavity 43 under the action of the third spring 52, at this time, grass seeds can enter the third through hole 51 through the first cavity 42 and the first through hole 45, the sliding block 5 can move backwards against the elastic force of the third spring 52 by pulling the traction rope, the third through hole 51 is aligned with the second through hole 46, the grass seeds fall through the second through hole 46 and the third cavity 44, and the amount of the grass seeds conveyed by the single sliding block 5 is only related to the volume of the third through hole 51, so that quantitative sowing of the grass seeds is realized, and the grass seeds can be uniformly sowed on a grass field; because the handle 41 is located on the rotating path of the steel needle 21, the steel needle 21 can be extruded and swung along with the rotation of the wheel disc 2, and then the sliding block 5 is pulled by the traction rope to realize single quantitative sowing, so that the equidistant continuous quantitative sowing of grass seeds can be realized under the condition that the number and the distance of the steel needles 21 are set, and the power source is not required to be additionally increased, and the sowing efficiency and the sowing stability are greatly improved.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. The ecological restoration method for the degraded grassland in the Xinjiang area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, enclosing fertilization: enclosing a grassland to be repaired by using 15-20 mesh wire netting, then broadcasting an organic fertilizer according to the dosage of 50-100 kg/mu, and broadcasting a biological microbial inoculum according to the dosage of 2-5 kg/mu;
s2, mating: selecting quick field planting grass seeds and slow field planting grass seeds with purity of more than 95%, uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds according to a mass ratio of 3:1, and uniformly mixing the quick field planting grass seeds and the slow field planting grass seeds with pesticides and bactericides to prepare a coating;
s3, loose sowing: the soil loosening equipment is towed by an agricultural machine to loosen the grassland by multi-needle rolling pricking, the mixed grass seeds in the step S2 are sowed according to the sowing density of 5-10 kg/mu, the soil loosening equipment is used for cutting the roots and stems of the transverse row on the ground surface, the soil compactness is reduced, the air permeability and the water absorbability are increased, and the grass seeds on the surface layer of the soil are promoted to enter the soil for germination;
s4, irrigation: spraying soil activator according to the dosage of 20-25 kg/mu, and irrigating to obtain diversion overflow, furrow irrigation or spray irrigation;
s5, field management: sealing and breeding for 2-3 years by using a fence, and in the process, spraying insecticide and herbicide and throwing poison bait are carried out to remove poison grass and reduce insect pests and rat damage, thereby improving the quality of grasslands and creating environmental conditions favorable for the growth of grasslands and plants;
the soil loosening equipment comprises a towing frame (1) and an automatic seeder (4) which are horizontally arranged, wherein the towing frame (1) is detachably connected with an external agricultural machine through a connecting piece (11); the lower end of the left side of the dragging frame (1) is hinged with a first connecting rod (12), and the other end of the first connecting rod (12) is hinged with the middle part of a cross rod (13) below the first connecting rod; the transverse rod (13) is arranged front and back, two ends of the transverse rod are fixedly provided with second connecting rods (14) which are arranged in a downward inclined mode, the lower ends of the second connecting rods (14) are provided with rotating shafts (24) which are horizontally arranged, the rotating shafts (24) are rotatably connected with wheel discs (2), and the two wheel discs (2) are arranged in a splayed mode and have a space between the two wheel discs; annular protrusions (22) are coaxially arranged in the wheel disc (2), a plurality of steel needles (21) are uniformly distributed on the annular protrusions (22), and the steel needles (21) extend out of the edge of the wheel disc (2) in the radial direction and can be rolled along with the wheel disc (2) to simultaneously prick soil below the wheel disc;
the quick field grass is old wheat grass and/or elymus dropsy, and the slow field grass is leymus chinensis and/or bluegrass in cold land;
a disc-shaped guide block (25) is arranged on a rotating shaft (24) at the inner side of the annular bulge (22), and arc-shaped grooves (26) of inward grooves are symmetrically arranged at the upper left side and the lower right side of the guide block (25); a second spring (23) is sleeved outside the steel needle (21) at the inner side of the annular bulge (22), one end of the second spring (23) is fixed at the end part of the steel needle (21), and the other end of the second spring (23) is propped against the inner wall of the annular bulge (22); the end part of the steel needle (21) is propped against the guide block (25) and can slide along the outer edge of the steel needle; guide holes matched with the steel needles (21) in size are correspondingly formed in the annular protrusions (22) and the wheel disc (2);
a first cavity (42), a second cavity (43) and a third cavity (44) are sequentially arranged in the automatic seeder (4) from top to bottom, and the first cavity (42) is communicated with the lower end of the grass seed box (3); a first through hole (45) communicated with a second cavity (43) is formed in the front side of the lower end of the first cavity (42), and a second through hole (46) communicated with a third cavity (44) is formed in the rear side of the lower end of the second cavity (43); a sliding block (5) with the same height as the second cavity (43) is arranged in the second cavity, a third through hole (51) which is vertically penetrated is arranged on the sliding block (5), and the inner diameter of the third through hole (51) is the same as the inner diameters of the first through hole (45) and the second through hole (46); a third spring (52) is arranged between the rear side of the sliding block (5) and the inner rear side wall of the second cavity (43), a traction rope is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the sliding block (5), and the traction rope penetrates through the rear side wall of the second cavity (43) and extends out of the rear side of the automatic seeder (4);
the automatic seeder is characterized in that a grass seed box (3) with an opening at the upper end is fixedly arranged on the dragging frame (1), an automatic seeder (4) communicated with the grass seed box (3) is arranged at the lower end of the grass seed box, and the lower end of the automatic seeder (4) is positioned between two adjacent wheel discs (2);
the outer wall of the rear side of the automatic seeder (4) is hinged with a handle (41) capable of swinging left and right, and the traction rope is tensioned and the free end of the traction rope is fixed on the handle (41); the handle (41) is positioned on the rotating path of the steel needle (21) and rotates the steel needle (21) along with the wheel disc (2), so that the handle (41) can be extruded and can swing, and then the sliding block (5) is pulled through the traction rope, so that single quantitative sowing is realized.
2. The ecological restoration method for degraded grassland in Xinjiang according to claim 1, wherein guide posts (16) which are vertically arranged are fixedly arranged on the cross bars (13), the guide posts (16) penetrate through the towing frame (1) and extend to the upper part of the towing frame (1), and guide holes matched with the guide posts (16) are correspondingly formed in the towing frame (1); a first spring (15) is arranged between the dragging frame (1) and the cross rod (13), and the first spring (15) is sleeved on the outer side of the guide column (16).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010909165.6A CN112005650B (en) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010909165.6A CN112005650B (en) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112005650A CN112005650A (en) | 2020-12-01 |
| CN112005650B true CN112005650B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
Family
ID=73516725
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010909165.6A Active CN112005650B (en) | 2020-09-02 | 2020-09-02 | Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112005650B (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2084268A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-04-07 | Welger Gebr Gmbh & Co Kg | Force-limiting clutch, especially for agricultural pick-up balers |
| CN101683032A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 徐禄 | Grassland hardening loosening machine |
| CN206895147U (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-19 | 内蒙古大学 | A kind of meadow loosening device |
| CN108925156A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-12-04 | 福建省复新农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of adjustable agricultural loosening device of crushing teeth contraction |
| CN109041624A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-21 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of Degraded Alpine grassland ecology after-culture restorative procedure |
| CN209949813U (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-01-17 | 湖北康农种业股份有限公司 | Ploughing and fertilizing cart |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103168534A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-26 | 襄阳康旻农机有限责任公司 | Translational seed metering type sowing and fertilizing machine |
| FR3037769B1 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-07-21 | Hubert Defrancq | FRONT LIFTING DEVICE FOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND ASSOCIATED CONTROL METHOD. |
| CN105794343A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-07-27 | 东北农业大学 | Spring-tooth retractable intertillage soil loosening and weeding unit |
| CN106471925B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-09-10 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation |
| CN107251724B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2020-02-07 | 雷学军 | Method for realizing global net zero carbon emission by developing new climate economy |
| CN108055901A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-22 | 璧靛钩 | A kind of economic seeder of high-efficiency agriculture |
| CN108521907A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-09-14 | 金华市坤麦科技有限公司 | The soil stabilizing apparatus of collection detection and improvement one |
| CN110679211B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2023-06-09 | 南京泉峰科技有限公司 | Soil turning machine |
| CN209046992U (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-07-02 | 云阳县善熹生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of safety and the anti-cultivator for getting deeply stuck in soil |
| CN110447322B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2023-10-20 | 山东农业大学 | Rotary subsoiler with adjustable space angle of facility and subsoiling method |
-
2020
- 2020-09-02 CN CN202010909165.6A patent/CN112005650B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2084268A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-04-07 | Welger Gebr Gmbh & Co Kg | Force-limiting clutch, especially for agricultural pick-up balers |
| CN101683032A (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-03-31 | 徐禄 | Grassland hardening loosening machine |
| CN206895147U (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-01-19 | 内蒙古大学 | A kind of meadow loosening device |
| CN108925156A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-12-04 | 福建省复新农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of adjustable agricultural loosening device of crushing teeth contraction |
| CN109041624A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-12-21 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of Degraded Alpine grassland ecology after-culture restorative procedure |
| CN209949813U (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-01-17 | 湖北康农种业股份有限公司 | Ploughing and fertilizing cart |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 我国农业环境研究中值得关注的几个科学问题;唐世荣;高尚宾;丁永祯;邓小芳;赵玉杰;李中阳;;农业环境科学学报(01);1-7 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112005650A (en) | 2020-12-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9456539B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for no-till inter-row simultaneous application of herbicide and fertilizer, soil preparation, and seeding of a cover crop in a standing crop | |
| CN203872524U (en) | Deep scarification layering fertilization precision seeder for wheat, corns and cotton | |
| CN202364558U (en) | Film-covering precision seeder | |
| CN2492049Y (en) | Ditching multi-functional potato planter | |
| CN106612668A (en) | Dual-purpose deep scarification and soil preparation seeding machine for wheat and corn and using method thereof | |
| CN103797926B (en) | Straw incorporation multiple cropping method in rice field-upland field rotation | |
| CN111226709A (en) | Corn straw full-quantity row-concentration covering no-tillage operation method | |
| CN207369567U (en) | A kind of wheat no-tillage planter | |
| CN108055898A (en) | A kind of method and its no-tillage seeding machine of the residual seeding on unfallowing field wheat of the whole stalk of corn | |
| CN111406590A (en) | Protective farming method for returning all maize straws to field | |
| Evans et al. | Development of strip tillage on sprinkler irrigated sugarbeet | |
| Lanini et al. | Subclovers as living mulches for managing weeds in vegetables | |
| CN201388373Y (en) | Filming and seeding machine | |
| CN213187151U (en) | Flax ridging and film mulching seeder | |
| EA011873B1 (en) | An apparatus and method for tillage using ridges | |
| CN111213464A (en) | Corn straw three-ring crop covering and returning method | |
| CN112005650B (en) | Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area | |
| CN105766305A (en) | Oilseed rape cultivation method | |
| CN113396790B (en) | Mechanized dry direct seeding furrow cultivation method for rice | |
| CN114680010A (en) | High-yield planting method for sugar cane in red soil area and with consideration of soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction | |
| CN111758513B (en) | Corn planting method | |
| CN201450772U (en) | Multi-purpose spiniform energy-saving seeder | |
| CN100352326C (en) | Rotary tiller fertilizer distributor in use for separating stalks zonary | |
| CN114041342A (en) | Ditching device for farming | |
| CN208285771U (en) | A kind of sowing drag links |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |