CN106471925B - A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation - Google Patents
A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106471925B CN106471925B CN201610811274.8A CN201610811274A CN106471925B CN 106471925 B CN106471925 B CN 106471925B CN 201610811274 A CN201610811274 A CN 201610811274A CN 106471925 B CN106471925 B CN 106471925B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation, the following steps are included: (1) seed selection and pretreatment: on the basis of being studied and judged to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics progress comprehensive analysis, determining and screen cold-resistant, drought-enduring, fast-growing the seed variety for being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation；Then the seed variety filtered out is pre-processed；(2) ploughing soil and miscegenation disseminate earthing: 1~2 week before snowfall for the first time, the seed of preservation proportionally being mixed, while carrying 6 row plow harrow of 100cm steel pin type using tractor and plowing, it is ensured that ploughed depth is in 4~5cm；And seed mixture is manually disseminated into earthing using three kinds of mixed mode intervals；Wherein, between three kinds of mixed modes between be divided into 25~35cm, the line space of mixed seeding mode one is 13~15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding mode two, three is 15~17cm；(3) ecological nursing.Operation of the present invention is simple, easy to use, low in cost, benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind to carry out artificial growth and child care on arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland, to realize that restoration of the ecosystem is imitated
The method of fruit, this method will provide technical guarantee for the scientific and reasonable development restoration of the ecosystem in arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland, to be
The artificial ecology reparation of degeneration meadow provides new approach under arid biogeographic zone fragility habitat.
Background technique
Grassland ecosystem, especially Mountainous Regions in Arid Areas grassland conserve water and soil, check winds and fix drifting sand, bio-diversity conservation,
Carrying animal husbandry development etc. has important ecological functions.The grassland ecology system of large area is distributed in In Altay, xinjiang
System, the gross area about 9.87 × 106hm2, Mountainous Grassland is the system important component, and accounting is more than 32%, and constructive species is main
It is made of the raw small dogstail that grows thickly of drought, ecological environment frailty in habitat is the focused protection for preventing desertification of land and soil erosion
Object；Basis of the upland meadow as local Animal husbandry production and development simultaneously has irreplaceable in socio-economic development
Effect.But for a long time, due to overgraze with the factors such as Regional climate change influence, Altay Prefecture's upland meadow by
It is destroyed to serious, Rodents and pests frequently occur, and Productivity is decreased obviously, and ecological environment is continuous worsening, has seriously affected locality
Animal husbandry development.Scientific and reasonable development upland meadow reparation promoted poultry while good feed and pasture can be both provided for locality
Animal husbandry development, increases household's actions, and upland meadow can be built into ecological safe shelter zone.In recent years, with returning husbandry to grassland and
The project implementations such as herdsmen settlement, desert steppe ecological environment and Productivity are improved, and farmers' life is also taken on a new look,
But Mountainous Grassland, after wrecking, degree of degeneration is serious, and spontaneous recovery effect is generally poor.
In this context, carrying out upland meadow restoration of the ecosystem key technology research is the current heat for restoring ecological study
Point field, the extensive concern by domestic and foreign scholars.But upland meadow awful weather, ecology fragility, the mountain of Altay Fuyun County
Carried out grassland ecology by natural environment and the double influence overgrazed and repair difficulty in ground grassland.It would therefore be highly desirable to explore a kind of suitable
It closes local Characteristics of Natural Environment and herds the ecological reestablishment of rule.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of methods of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is a kind of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) it chooses seeds and pre-processes: comprehensive analysis is being carried out to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics
On the basis of studying and judging, determines and screen cold-resistant, drought-enduring, fast-growing the draft plant for being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation
Species；Then the herbaceous plant seeds filtered out are pre-processed；
(2) ploughing soil and mixed seeding: 1~2 week before snowfall for the first time, by the herbaceous plant seeds of preservation according to three kinds of mixed seeding
Respectively miscegenation ratio mixes mode, while carrying 6 row plow harrow of 100cm steel pin type using tractor and plowing, ploughed depth 4~
5cm；And seed mixture is manually disseminated into earthing using three kinds of mixed mode intervals；Wherein, between three kinds of mixed modes between be divided into
25~35cm, the line space of mixed seeding mode one are 13~15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding mode two, three is 15~17cm；
(3) ecological nursing: during green sprouting, fencing and artificial nurse measure should be taken, it is ensured that seedling takes root simultaneously
It mushrooms out；After sowing herbage is mature in the fall, grazing is carried out, 2~3cm draft root on reservation is answered；In second year
Degraded mountainous region grassland ecology was repaired and was completed after snow melt is irrigated spring.
Further, in step (1), it is lyme grass that the determining degraded mountainous region grassland ecology of the screening, which repairs seed variety,
(Elymus dahuricus), fescue grass (Festuca ovina), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum), prostrata summercypress
(Kochia prostrata) and 5 kinds of herbaceous plant of prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida).
Further, the herbaceous plant seeds pretreatment is handled to carry out awns to lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass, really
The rupture of conservation skin；Sunning and drying and processing are carried out to prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort seed.This is because lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass
For grass family perennial herb, seed hard seed rate is higher, carries out awns to seed using awner before sowing and handles, by scratching
Seed is conducive to absorption of the seed to moisture, to improve the germination percentage of seed.Prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort are respectively Chenopodiaceae and composite family
Herbaceos perennial carries out seeds before seeding and carries out sunning drying and processing, is conducive to improve seed germination rate.
To guarantee the continuous high yield of planting forage grass and improving the ability of reply variation weather conditions, while fully considering that difference is herded
The characteristics of grass is in terms of morphology and difference, if graminous pasture grows thickly and blade is elongated, Chenopodiaceae is generally alternate meat leaflet
Deng establishing three kinds of more excellent mixed seeding groups according to the arrayed feature of the stratification distribution and blade different spaces of blade and limb
It closes, the first mixed seeding mode one being composed for lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort；Second for lyme grass,
The mixed seeding mode two that fescue grass and crested wheat grass are composed；Third is the mixed seeding mode three that prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort are composed.Into
One step, in step (2), it is lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, prairie sagewort that three kinds of mixed modes, which are mixed seeding mode one,
5 kinds of seeds are according to 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, and plow harrow line width is 5cm, and row depth 4cm, application rate is 7.5kg grass seed mix per acre, cover
Blinding is with a thickness of 3.0cm；Mixed seeding mode two is 3 kinds of lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass seeds according to 3:2:1 mixed seeding, plow harrow row
Width is 3cm, and row depth 5cm, application rate is 6.0kg grass seed mix per acre, and overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm；Mixed seeding mode three is wood ground
The ratio mixed seeding of 2 kinds of skin, prairie sagewort seeds according to 1:1, plow harrow line width 3cm, row depth 4cm, application rate are that 8.0kg mixing is careless per acre
Kind, overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm.
Further, in step (2), 148~152kg stone will be covered when plowing on plow harrow.
The present invention is carrying out the basis that comprehensive analysis is studied and judged to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics
On, determine that degraded mountainous region grassland ecology repairs varieties of plant, then Seeds preprocess before planting, disseminates mould followed by miscegenation
Formula realizes that uneven mountainous region seed is turned over, sowed and earthing, so it is cold-resistant using spring snow melt and seed, drought-enduring and fast-growing is special
Sign realizes artificial growth herbage spring efficient growth mode, finally later period ecological nursing is combined to work, and reaches upland meadow ecology
Child care effect provides the method for practice and approach for Altay Prefecture's upland meadow restoration of the ecosystem.
Operation of the present invention is simple, easy to use, low in cost, benefit is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 degeneration meadow mixed seeding ideograph.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Test site is in 260 mu of In Altay, xinjiang Fuyun County Kurt township degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation demonstration base
Ground, Fuyun County are located in Altay Prefecture east, and Altai Mountains southern foot, the Bei Jie Junggar Basin, be one is with pasture animal husbandry
Main animal husbandry county, the region belong to continental cool temperature zone arid climate, and winter cold is very long, and summer is hot, and spring and autumn is of short duration, sunshine
Abundance, annual 2700~2900h of sunshine time, 1.9 DEG C of temperature on average, 40.6 DEG C of Extreme Maximum Temperature, Annual lowest climate temperature-
51.5 DEG C, frost-free period is average annual to steam by 78~131d of north orientation south, main agriculture district frost-free period average annual 108d, average annual precipitation 158.3mm
Hair amount 1734mm.Whole county grassland area is vast, and grassland resources is abundant, has advantageous advantage of developing animal husbandry, mountainous region grass
Original area about 3.65 × 105hm2, it is the important spring and autumn range land in Fuyun County.
(1) it chooses seeds and handles: firstly, discovery trial zone winter is cold (extremely low by analysis local climate hydrological data
Wen Yue -50 DEG C), summer sweltering heat (about 40 DEG C of thermal extremes), spring precipitation is less (account for about annual rainfall 15%), winter drop
More (average about 50mm for many years) is avenged, soil moisture declines obvious (30~50cm medial humidity under the continuous a few days arid of 6~August
About 4%), while the existing autochthon in degraded mountainous region grassland is investigated and is found, main plant type are as follows: suede Chenopodiaceae (Londesia
Eriantha), needle decomposite leaf Juan wormwood artemisia (Seriphidium sublessingianum), Bai Jingjuan wormwood artemisia (Seriphidium
Terrae-albae), sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), gobi Chenopodiaceae (llijinia regelii (Bunge) Korov.), swollen
Calyx Radix Astragali (Astragalus ellisoideus), totally 7 kinds of swainson pea (Sphaerophysa salsula).Comprehensively consider seed
Suspend mode, sprouting, growth of seedling, interspecies competition and Root Characteristics determine that artificial growth plant must satisfy that its seed is cold-resistant, low temperature
Sprouting, spring fast-growing, shallow root system and the requirements such as summer is drought-enduring, yield is higher.Therefore, lyme grass (Elymus is filtered out altogether
Dahuricus), fescue grass (Festuca ovina), crested wheat grass (Agropyron cristatum), prostrata summercypress (Kochia
Prostrata), totally 5 kinds of herbaceous plant carry out artificial growth work to prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida), are shown in Table 1；Then right
Lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass seed carry out awns using awner and handle, and dry to prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort seed, respectively
Class seed properly saves after being dried.
Ploughing soil and mixed seeding: 1~2 week before mid or late November demonstration area snowfall, the seed of preservation is pressed using container
It is mixed according to ratio, is shown in Table 2, while 6 row plow harrow of 100cm steel pin type is carried to sowing land use tractor and is plowed, plow harrow is
Steel nail type will cover 148~152kg stone (weight can be adjusted according to practical soil property) on plow harrow when plowing, tractor
Quasi- planting area is turned in such a way that circle goes back to rotation, to ensure ploughed depth in 4~5cm, depth is not also too deep, can
Effective protection autochthon perennial herb root system is complete.Due to upland meadow relief hand over it is obvious, be not suitable for carrying out drilling and
Program request, therefore use and manually disseminate mode, when disseminating, tractor is raked the soil level in front, and herdsman follows at rear tractor about 1m, will be mixed
It closes uniform grass seeds and carries out uniform broadcasting according to sledge line-spacing.After the completion of whole seeds disseminate, tractor rear portion plow harrow is changed
The cylindrical trunk for dressing up different weight carries out earthing operation, this earthing side to seed according to the direction vertical with direction is turned over
Formula success rate is high and omits few, suitable upland meadow sowing earthing.Wherein, 5 kinds of grass seeds are divided into three kinds of mixed seeding modes altogether, are seen
Table 2, respectively mixed seeding mode one: lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, prairie sagewort press 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, plow harrow row
Width is 5cm, and row depth 4cm, application rate is 7.5kg grass seed mix per acre, and overburden soil is with a thickness of 3.0cm；Mixed seeding mode two: alkali is draped over one's shoulders
Grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass press 3:2:1 mixed seeding, and plow harrow line width is 3cm, and row depth 5cm, application rate is that 6.0kg mixes grass per acre
Kind, overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm；Mixed seeding mode three: prostrata summercypress, prairie sagewort are in 1:1 ratio mixed seeding, and plow harrow line width 3cm, row is deeply
4cm, application rate are 8.0kg grass seed mix per acre, and overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm.Use plow harrow length for 100cm, totally 6 row, it can
Change every row plough width, see Fig. 1, three kinds of mixed mode intervals sowings, between different mode between be divided into 30cm, mixed seeding mode one
Line space is 14cm, and the line space of mixed seeding mode two, three is 16cm.
(2) ecological nursing: with the arriving of Winter Snow, the soil after snowfall cover-seeding is allowed, the seed sent out at this time
Suspend mode in soil horizon is descended in snow, and starts largely to sprout by vernalization at the second year beginning of spring, snow melt is to soil at this time
Seed is sprouted and early growth provides sufficient water source, during green sprouting, should take appropriate fencing and artificial nurse
Measure, it is ensured that herd phenomenon there is no large area within the scope of meadow, do not need additionally to carry out Irrigation regime, be by meadow delimitation
Summer and autumn herbage, it is ensured that seedling takes root and mushrooms out；After sowing herbage is mature in the fall, it can be used as autumn herbage and carry out herding work
It is dynamic, it not allow livestock excessively to gnaw at this time, answer 2~3cm draft root on reservation, in the ecological nursing work for completing a year and a day
Afterwards, in the next spring after snow melt is irrigated, artificial seeding's draft and autochthon enter herbage high term, i.e. child care the 2nd
Year trial zone degeneration meadow can reach preferable Effect of Ecological Restoration.
Grass seeds plant characteristic is screened in table 1- degeneration meadow restoration of the ecosystem
Table 2- degeneration meadow tillage system reform and Technical Specification Sheet
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it chooses seeds and pre-processes: being studied and judged carrying out comprehensive analysis to the local climate hydrology and artificial growth herbage life history characteristics
On the basis of, it determines and screens cold-resistant, drought-enduring, spring fast-growing type the draft for being suitable for degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation plantation
Vegetable seeds；Then the herbaceous plant seeds filtered out are pre-processed；
(2) ploughing soil and mixed seeding: 1~2 week before snowfall for the first time, by the herbaceous plant seeds of preservation according to three kinds of mixed seeding modes
Respective miscegenation ratio mixing, while carrying 6 row plow harrow of 100cm steel pin type using tractor and plowing, ploughed depth is in 4~5cm；
And seed mixture is manually disseminated into earthing using three kinds of mixed mode intervals；Wherein, between three kinds of mixed modes between be divided into 25~
35cm, the line space of mixed seeding mode one are 13~15cm, and the line space of mixed seeding mode two, three is 15~17cm；
(3) ecological nursing: in spring Seed Germination, fencing and artificial nurse measure should be taken, it is ensured that seedling takes root simultaneously
It mushrooms out；After sowing herbage is mature in the fall, grazing is carried out, 2~3cm draft root on reservation is answered；In second year
Degraded mountainous region grassland ecology was repaired and was completed after snow melt is irrigated spring；
In step (1), the herbaceous plant seeds are lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, 5 kinds of herbaceous plant of prostrata summercypress and prairie sagewort；
The herbaceous plant seeds pretreatment is handled to carry out awns to lyme grass, fescue grass and crested wheat grass；To prostrata summercypress and cold
Wormwood artemisia seed carries out sunning and drying and processing；
In step (2), three kinds of mixed modes are that mixed seeding mode one is lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass, prostrata summercypress, prairie sagewort 5
Kind seed is according to 4:2:4:2:3 mixed seeding, and plow harrow line width is 5cm, and row depth 4cm, application rate is 7.5kg grass seed mix per acre, covers
Blinding is with a thickness of 3.0cm；Mixed seeding mode two is 3 kinds of lyme grass, fescue grass, crested wheat grass seeds according to 3:2:1 mixed seeding, plow harrow row
Width is 3cm, and row depth 5cm, application rate is 6.0kg grass seed mix per acre, and overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm；Mixed seeding mode three is wood ground
The ratio mixed seeding of 2 kinds of skin, prairie sagewort seeds according to 1:1, plow harrow line width 3cm, row depth 4cm, application rate are that 8.0kg mixing is careless per acre
Kind, overburden soil is with a thickness of 2.0cm.
2. the method for arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2)
In, 148~152kg stone will be covered when plowing on plow harrow.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107027490B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2020-01-24 | 新疆大学 | Method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield forage grass on desert grassland |
| CN107172906A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-19 | 周金星 | A kind of exposed sand method for quick recovering vegetation |
| CN109089745A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | It is a kind of for restoring the sown grassland method on permafrost region Degraded Alpine meadow |
| CN112005650B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2023-09-12 | 新疆大学 | Ecological restoration method for degraded grasslands in Xinjiang area |
| CN115443757B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-11-17 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Quick repairing method for degraded grassland plaque in arid and semiarid regions |
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| CN1784943A (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2006-06-14 | 刘延春 | Method for construction of ecological grass and administering grassland not to be desert in future |
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