CN107027490B - Method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield forage grass on desert grassland - Google Patents
Method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield forage grass on desert grassland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield forage grass on desert grassland. After the seeds are soaked in the early stage and are aired, a four-wheel tractor is used for carrying a plough to plough the soil, and an irrigation water network is arranged after sowing is finished, wherein the irrigation water network consists of a main pipe and a disposable dropper belt; and after the alfalfa finishes growing, sequentially harvesting the silage corn, the alfalfa and the Sudan grass. The method of the invention combines the regional environmental characteristics of the test area and the physiological and ecological characteristics of the high-yield pasture, adopts scientific mixed sowing and irrigation measures, improves the pasture production period and the pasture production amount, and realizes the expected target. The method provides a practical method and a practical approach for planting high-yield pastures on the grasslands of the desert in the Aletai region and ecological conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of desert grasslands, and particularly relates to a method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield pastures of desert grasslands.
Background
The desert grassland is used as an important component of an ecological system in a arid desert area, the ecological environment of the desert grassland is extremely fragile, and the desert grassland has great significance in aspects of wind prevention, sand fixation, water and soil conservation, bearing animal husbandry development and the like. The development of the related research of the high-yield pasture planting technology of the desert grassland is beneficial to relieving the contradiction between the animal husbandry development and the lower pasture yield, relieving the interference pressure and the degradation trend of the desert grassland and protecting the life line of arid desert grasslands, so that the exploration of the high-yield pasture mixed planting and ecological conservation technology suitable for the desert grassland is of great importance.
Jiang Altai area located at northwest edge of China, and its available grassland area is about 7.24 × 106hm2Is one of the key pasturing areas in China and is the most important in XinjiangOne of the grassland animal husbandry bases. The Alegand grassland is under the control of desert climate, the grassland type is dominated by desert grassland, wherein the area of the warm desert grassland is the largest, and the area accounts for more than 60 percent of the total area of the grassland in the whole area.
In recent years, due to the influence of factors such as continuous drought of climate and excessive grazing behavior in local places, the Aletai desert grassland is seriously degraded, particularly, the natural flood irrigation rate of a grass farm in the valley of the middle and lower reaches of the forehead of the Heqis river is reduced, plants shrink year by year, the variety of high-quality pasture grass is reduced year by year, and the grass quality and the grass yield are obviously reduced. Taking summer pasture in Aletai area as an example, local high-quality pasture varieties are seriously degraded and yield-reduced, the height of a pasture layer is reduced to 15-45 cm, the vegetation coverage is reduced to 35-50%, the average grass yield per mu is only 232kg, the livestock carrying capacity is reduced to 4.2 mu/sheep unit, particularly the livestock carrying capacity of a desertification grassland is only 27 mu/sheep unit, and the soil exposure rate is increased to about 20%.
Under the background, the mixed planting and ecological conservation research of high-yield pasture on the desert grassland is completely in line with the current situation and the development requirement of the region. The method design of the invention is just about the exploration work which is developed by taking the desert grassland as the object of the thought. By summarizing the planting results of the desert grassland demonstration area, the method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of the high-yield pastures of the desert grassland is provided, the method combines the regional environmental characteristics and the physiological and ecological characteristics of the high-yield pastures in the test area, adopts scientific mixed planting and irrigation measures, shortens the pasture production period, improves the pasture production and achieves the expected target. The method provides a practical method and a practical approach for planting high-yield pastures on the grasslands of the desert in the Aletai region and ecological conservation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield forage grass on a desert grassland, and relates to the current situation investigation of the desert grassland soil, screening of seeds of the high-yield forage grass, reclamation and sowing of land, efficient water-saving irrigation and ecological conservation. The method has the advantages of low cost, good soil improvement and forage grass harvesting effects, and capability of providing a method and a technical guarantee for developing high-yield forage grass planting and ecological conservation work in desert regions by Aleptai in Xinjiang.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield pasture on desert grasslands comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, determining three types of planted forage grass, namely silage corn, alfalfa and sudan grass, by analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil of the Aletai desert grassland and combining the characteristics of fast growth and high yield of mixed planted forage grass. Wherein 3 varieties of silage corn are determined, and are KWS3376, Kangdi KX9384 and Yuanhua 116 respectively; 3 varieties of alfalfa, namely Alkangin, alfalfa king and New Murray No. I respectively; the Sudan grass is 1.
Step 2, after the seeds are soaked in the early stage and are aired, a four-wheel tractor is used for carrying a plough to plough the soil, the ploughing depth of the silage corns and the Sudan grass is 3.0cm, the ploughing depth of the alfalfa is 2.0cm, and two mixed intercropping modes are adopted: firstly, intercropping alfalfa and silage corn, wherein the row spacing of each alfalfa variety is 25cm, silage corn is sown after every 4 rows, the row spacing of the silage corn is 50cm, the row number is 2 rows, then, another 4 rows of alfalfa varieties with the row spacing of 25cm are sown continuously, and the like; secondly, intercropping alfalfa and Sudan grass, wherein the line space of each alfalfa variety is 25cm, the Sudan grass is sown after every 4 lines, the line space of the Sudan grass is 50cm, the line number is 2 lines, then another 4 lines of alfalfa with the line space of 25cm are sown continuously, and the rest is done in sequence;
and 3, arranging an irrigation water network after sowing, wherein the network consists of a main pipe and a disposable dropper belt, the main pipe is 40mm in specification along the row sowing direction, the disposable dropper belt is perpendicular to the main pipe, the interval of each disposable dropper belt is 80cm, the interval of drippers is 0.25m, and the rated flow is 1.2/h. And carrying out first drip irrigation after the sowing is finished, wherein the drip irrigation duration is controlled to be 18-20 h, the total number of drip irrigation times in the whole growth period is 10-12, the irrigation can be properly carried out in an encrypted manner between 7 months and 8 months, and the irrigation times can be correspondingly reduced in other months.
And 4, after irrigation, the silage corns and the sudan grass grow rapidly, and the intercropping mode can improve the yield of the pasture grass, effectively prevent the seedlings from being damaged by sand wind in desert areas at the initial growth stage of the alfalfa, and improve the survival rate of the alfalfa and the yield of the pasture grass. After the alfalfa finishes growing, the silage corn, the alfalfa and the sudan grass are harvested in sequence, are freely provided for local herdsmen, and are used for storing the dry pasture after being aired and dried. The alfalfa is harvested, the base rod and the soil roots are reserved, the alfalfa can grow quickly after irrigation in the next year, and the silage corn and the Sudan grass can be planted separately.
Further, mechanically sowing the silage corn KWS3376, the Kangdi KX9384 and the Yuanhua 116, wherein the sowing amount is respectively 2.0, 2.5 and 2.5 kg/mu; sowing alfalfa Algang gold, alfalfa king and new pasture No. I in an artificial way, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5, 1.5 and 1.5 kg/mu respectively; the Sudan grass is sowed by a machine, and the sowing quantity is 2.5 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention combines the regional environmental characteristics of the test area and the physiological and ecological characteristics of the high-yield pasture, adopts scientific mixed sowing and irrigation measures, shortens the pasture production period, improves the pasture production amount and realizes the expected target. The method provides a practical method and a practical approach for planting high-yield pastures on the grasslands of the desert in the Aletai region and ecological conservation.
TABLE 1 comparison of the grass production periods and the grass production amounts for different pasture land types in the Aletai region
Compared with the natural pasture and the original pasture planting land in the Aletai region (Table 1), the natural pasture and the original pasture planting land have the remarkable advantages that firstly, in terms of the one-crop high-yield period, the one-crop high-yield period of the natural pasture and the original pasture planting land respectively starts from about 7 months 20 days and 7 months 10 days, and the one-crop high-yield period of the invention starts from about 6 months 27 days and respectively advances by 14 days and 24 days compared with the former two periods, so that the shortage of pasture and the supply and demand pressure in spring and early summer can be relieved earlier. Secondly, in terms of fresh grass yield, the total yield of the fresh grass in the natural pasture and the original pasture planting field is only 650 kg/mu and 1600 kg/mu respectively, the total yield of the pasture reaches 4843 kg/mu which is 7.5 times and 3.0 times of the former two, and the annual yield advantage is obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mixed planting distribution pattern and a seeding and plowing map of high-yield pasture on desert grasslands, and notes: the different images represent different crops, in turn: alfalfa, silage corn, sudan grass;
FIG. 2 is a high-yield pasture high-efficiency irrigation map of desert grassland
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield pasture on desert grassland. The method is carried out at 30km from southeast of Fuzhong county in Altai area of Xinjiang (the geographic coordinates are 46 degrees, 47 '9.02' N and 89 degrees, 34 '4.42' E), and 40 mu of desert grassland high-yield pasture mixed planting and ecological conservation demonstration plot is arranged. The statistics of the physicochemical properties of the soil in different soil layers of the desert grassland are shown in table 2, the characteristics of cold resistance, fast growth and high yield of the planted pasture are researched and judged by analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil in the planting area and combining the planting conditions and physiological characteristics of the existing pasture, 3 varieties of the mixed planted pasture in the desert grassland are screened and determined according to the characteristics, namely silage corns, alfalfa and Sudan grass, and the planting area is 40 mu. Wherein, 3 silage maize varieties: yuanhua 116 (high yield), KWS3376 (precocious species), Kangdi KX9384 (cold resistance); 3 alfalfa varieties: alcogong gold (local popularization species), alfalfa king (new introduction, trial in small area in Tuerfhong county only in 2015); new herd number one (canadian introduction). After the purchased crop seeds are soaked in warm water and aired, the purchased crop seeds are stored in a dry environment for later use. The selected high-yielding grass species and characteristics are shown in table 3.
The four-wheel tractor is used for carrying a plow (with adjustable width) to plough the soil, wherein the plowing depth of the silage corn and the Sudan grass is 3.0cm, the plowing depth of the alfalfa is 2.0cm, and the 3 kinds of pasture are sown according to two mixed intercropping modes: (1) intercropping alfalfa and silage corn, wherein the row spacing of each alfalfa variety is 25cm, silage corn is sown after every 4 rows, the row spacing of the silage corn is 50cm, the row number is 2 rows, then, another 4 rows of alfalfa varieties with the row spacing of 25cm are sown continuously, and the like; (2) and (3) intercropping the alfalfa and the Sudan grass, wherein the row spacing of each alfalfa variety is 25cm, the Sudan grass is sown after every 4 rows, the row spacing of the Sudan grass is 50cm, the row number is 2 rows, then the other variety of the 4 rows of alfalfa with the row spacing of 25cm is sown continuously, and the like. The silage corn and the Sudan grass are sown by a machine, the alfalfa is sown, and the sowing amount of each variety is shown in table 4.
TABLE 2 statistics of the physicochemical properties of soils in different soil layers of desert grasslands
TABLE 3 screening of high-yielding forage grass species and characteristics
TABLE 4 different high-yield forage grass planting specifications
After seeding is finished, an efficient irrigation pipe network is arranged, the pipe network consists of a main water pipe and disposable drip irrigation belts, wherein the main water pipe is 40mm in specification along the seeding direction, the disposable drip irrigation belts are perpendicular to the main pipe, the interval of each drip irrigation belt is 80cm, the interval of drippers is 25cm, the rated flow is 1.2/h, and the specific arrangement specification is shown in figure 2. And carrying out first drip irrigation after sowing, wherein the drip irrigation duration is controlled to be 18-20 h, the total number of drip irrigation times in the whole growth period of the pasture is 10-12, the pasture can be properly irrigated in an encrypted manner between 7 and 8 months, and the irrigation times can be reduced by the soil corresponding to the pasture condition in other months.
The silage corns and the sudan grass are intercropped between the rows, so that the production capacity of the pasture can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the higher plant height and the larger crown width of the silage corns and the sudan grass can be equal, the damage of local strong wind weather to seedlings can be effectively prevented in the early growth stage of the alfalfa, and the survival rate of different alfalfa varieties can be improved. After the alfalfa is mature, the alfalfa, the silage corn and the Sudan grass are harvested in sequence, are freely provided for nearby herdsmen, and are used as the dry pasture stored in winter after being aired and dried. Wherein, the alfalfa keeps the base rod and the soil roots after being harvested, and can quickly recover the growth after being irrigated in the next year.
The method is characterized in that a desert high-yield mixed pasture demonstration base is built, the strong support of local governments and cooperative units is obtained, alfalfa, sudan grass and silage corn are harvested for 2 times in the process of ecological conservation and management in the year, the average yield of the alfalfa is 3820kg fresh grass/mu, the yield of the sudan grass per mu is 5760kg fresh grass, and the yield of the silage corn per mu is 4950kg, the harvested pasture is freely provided for local herdsmen, and the harvested pasture is aired and stored for livestock to pass the winter.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for mixed planting and ecological conservation of high-yield pasture on desert grasslands is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, determining three types of planted forage grass, namely silage corn, alfalfa and Sudan grass, by analyzing the physicochemical properties of the desert grassland soil and combining the characteristics of fast growing and high yield of mixed planted forage grass; wherein 3 varieties of silage corn are determined, and are KWS3376, Kangdi KX9384 and Yuanhua 116 respectively; 3 varieties of alfalfa, namely Alkangin, alfalfa king and New Murray No. I respectively; 1 kind of Sudan grass;
(2) after the seeds are soaked and aired in the earlier stage, a four-wheel tractor is used for carrying a plough to plough the soil, the ploughing depth of the silage corns and the Sudan grass is 3.0cm, the ploughing depth of the alfalfa is 2.0cm, a mixed intercropping mode of the high-yield forage grass on the desert grassland is determined according to the life history, morphological characteristics and grass yield of the forage grass, and two mixed intercropping modes are adopted in total: the method comprises the following steps of (1) intercropping alfalfa and silage corns, wherein the line spacing of the alfalfa is 25cm, the silage corns are sown after every 4 lines, the line spacing of the silage corns is 50cm, another variety of the alfalfa is sown after every 2 lines, the line spacing of the alfalfa and the silage corns is 50cm, and another variety of the silage corns is sown after the alfalfa; secondly, intercropping the alfalfa and the sudan grass, wherein the line spacing of the alfalfa is 25cm, the sudan grass is sown after every 4 lines, the line spacing of the sudan grass is 50cm, another variety of the alfalfa is sown after every 2 lines, the line spacing of the alfalfa and the sudan grass is 50cm, and the sudan grass is sown after the alfalfa;
(3) according to the mixed planting mode, after the pasture is sowed, an irrigation water net is arranged, the pipe net is composed of two parts, namely a main pipe and a disposable dropper belt, the main pipe is in the row sowing direction and is 40mm in specification, the disposable dropper belt is perpendicular to the main pipe, the interval of each main pipe is 80cm, the interval of drippers is 0.25m, and the rated flow is 1.2/h; carrying out first drip irrigation after seeding is finished, wherein the drip irrigation duration is controlled to be 18-20 h, the total number of drip irrigation times in the whole growth period is 10-12, encrypted irrigation is carried out between 7 and 8 months, and the irrigation times are reduced in other months;
(4) after irrigation, the silage corns and the sudan grass grow rapidly, after the alfalfa finishes growing, the silage corns, the alfalfa and the sudan grass are harvested in sequence, and the silage corns, the alfalfa and the sudan grass are used for storing dry pasture grass after being aired and dried; after the alfalfa is harvested, a base rod and soil roots are reserved, the alfalfa grows quickly after irrigation in the next year, and silage corns and sudan grass are planted separately;
in the step (2), the sowing modes are that ensiled corn KWS3376, Kangdi KX9384 and Yuanhua 116 adopt machine sowing, and the sowing quantity is respectively 2.0, 2.5 and 2.5 kg/mu; sowing alfalfa Algang gold, alfalfa king and new pasture No. I in an artificial way, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5, 1.5 and 1.5 kg/mu respectively; the Sudan grass is sowed by a machine, and the sowing quantity is 2.5 kg/mu.
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| CN108207499A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-29 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aridity grass land artificial grass mixed planting and the method for high yield |
| CN108076980A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-29 | 新疆大学 | A kind of aridity grass land high yield artificial grass plantation and screening technique |
| CN111802182A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-23 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | Alfalfa wind erosion prevention planting method |
| CN113632691A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-11-12 | 渝棣旺(重庆)农业科技研究院有限公司 | Method for mixed planting management of pastures in ecological pasture field |
| CN114793794A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Ecological planting method for intercropping sorghum sudanense and corn |
| CN117178828A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-12-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Planting method for improving soil drought and intercropping bean and grass |
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| CN102696366A (en) * | 2011-03-05 | 2012-10-03 | 董志国 | Technology for establishing and planting artificial pasture in non-irrigation desert and semi-desert regions |
| CN104025838A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2014-09-10 | 湖南南山牧业有限公司 | Mixed planting method of clovers, ryegrass, velvet grass and bur clovers |
| CN104663223A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2015-06-03 | 石河子大学 | Double-drip cultivating method for resowing crop by reutilizing wheat stubble drip irrigation tape |
| CN106211901A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-14 | 安徽朗坤物联网有限公司 | Agricultural product under-film drip irrigation method based on Internet of Things |
| CN106471925B (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-09-10 | 新疆大学 | A kind of method of arid biogeographic zone degraded mountainous region grassland ecology reparation |
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