CN102696366A - Technology for establishing and planting artificial pasture in non-irrigation desert and semi-desert regions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for establishing and planting a mowing or herding artificial pasture in non-irrigation desert and semi-desert regions (the rainfall capacity is 200 to 350 millimeters). According to the technology, the problem that the mowing or herding artificial pasture cannot be established and planted in non-irrigation desert lands by planting excellent pasture varieties which are screened strictly and are suitable for growing in the desert and semi-desert regions and combining technologies of land selection, land preparation, sowing, fertilization and the management and utilization of grasslands. The technology is low in cost of investment and management and high in benefit of output, so that the living standard and incomes of herdsmen are improved, the low-cost natural restoration of natural grasslands is facilitated, the utilization of the desert lands and the sustainable development of modern animal husbandry are ensured, the social, economic and ecological comprehensive benefits are obvious, and the popularization value and an application prospect are good.

Description

Sown pasture build and plant technology under a kind of desert, the half-desert district non-irrigated condition

Affiliated technical field

The present invention is that the dual-purpose sown pasture technology of herding is cut in the planting under non-irrigated condition of a kind of desert, half-desert district.Solve a land and water development and a planting Artificial grass difficult problem under the desert soil anhydrous condition.Use this technology that the development and use in desert soil and development of modern livestock breeding are organically combined,, excellent generalization values and development prospect are arranged protecting the desert ecotope, safeguard soil safety and promoting that desert district's economic development is significant.

Background technology

Livestock breeding is the important component part of Chinese national economy; Along with population increases and the minimizing relatively of ploughing, China people and animals strive grain contradiction and become increasingly conspicuous, and traditional livestock breeding can't bear the heavy load because of the native pasture overgraze; Existing fodder grass resource can not adapt to the requirement of modern livestock breeding and social development; The ecological environment problem that causes thus also is on the rise, and must open up new fodder grass base to expand the fodder grass resource, overcomes the contradiction of fodder grass shortage.Increase the fodder grass resource except strengthening crop mix adjustment dynamics, improving the utilization of agricultural wasteland to be important measures to increase the meadow area.

NORTHWEST CHINA desert, half-desert district are vast in territory, and water and soil photo-thermal aboundresources is an example with Xinjiang, and soil, the Xinjiang gross area is 166.49 * 10 ⁴Square kilometre; Desert, half-desert district account for 47% of ground, the full territory gross area, 1031.75 ten thousand hectares in suitable agricultural wasteland, but receive saline and alkalinely to limit with the water source; Utilization is less than 3%; Arid makes that can develop suitable agricultural wasteland is in a large number letted a piece of farmland go to waste idlely, causes land resources waste and wind erosion desertification, influences environment for human survival.Therefore, scientific and reasonable development and use soil to preserve the ecological environment, slows down people and animals and strives grain contradiction and become extremely urgent task.Facts have proved; Planting careless stock keeping, developing grain-saving type livestock breeding is to solve people and animals to strive grain contradiction; Improve suitable agricultural wasteland availability and the important measures of improving the ecological environment, and the basis of grain-saving type livestock breeding is a grass cultivation, its core is to solve non-irrigated living herbage provenance and build and plant technology problem.

Desert, half-desert district planting sown pasture can reduce soil wind erosion, desertification and sandstorm, and culture fertility increases peasant income, afforests and beautifies environment, improves the desert district ecosystem comprehensively.The monitoring analysis result of study of accurate Ge Er basin newly broken soil physical and chemical property shows that along with the increase of tillage periods, the soil organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, quick-acting potassium content increase gradually, and soil salt and acidity reduce with the time gradually.

The republic of Kazakhstan's desert, half-desert district capture 60% of native area, are being in world lead level aspect the utilization of arid lands and the living herbage research of drought.The sown pasture drought living herbage life-span of this state planting under 200～400 millimeters precipitation condition, indivedual meadows reached 30 years generally in 15 years, and per hectare is produced 1200～4000 kilograms in high-quality hay.The living wheatgrass sown pasture per hectare of its high-quality of breeding drought can cradle 4000 kilograms in high-quality hay, 200～300 kilograms in results seed, but the stub land pasture stock after cradling does not need man-made irrigation.The sown pasture utilization of planting has reached 40 years under A Yidale area (227 millimeters precipitation) non-irrigated condition of Kazakhstan, is still continuing utilization at present.

Influence sown pasture planting principal element temperature, moisture, weather natural conditions such as soil are arranged.Wherein, temperature is a planting sown pasture key of success factor, and can the decision perennial grass safe overwintering; Next is a precipitation, the uniformity decision herbage production capacity of the season precipitation distribution of especially growing.The general area of annual precipitation more than 500 millimeters, available dry farming (not needing to irrigate) method planting sown pasture; Then must there be irrigation conditions ability planting sown pasture in the area of annual precipitation below 300 millimeters; Be edaphic factor at last.Most of herbages all have the accommodation of broad to soil, but on soil such as saline land, during the planting sown pasture, then need select to resist the grass seeds of these disadvantage factors.

The planting sown pasture mainly contains the purpose of producing fodder grass, increasing soil fertility infertile field and three aspects of environmental protection, and desert, half-desert district planting sown pasture have this three kinds of effects concurrently.Because adaptable herbage variety, often herbaceous stem is poor, utilize and the conversion ratio of feeding low.The present invention is through the living herbage breeding research new results of the human drought of utilization; Select high quality forage cold-resistant, drought-enduring and salt tolerant alkali for use; Handle well Forage Adaptability, strong stress resistance and herbaceous stem poor, utilize and low this contradiction of the conversion ratio of feeding, obtain the fodder grass of not only high-quality but also high yield in desert, half-desert district.

Summary of the invention

The present invention a kind ofly cuts and herds the dual-purpose sown pasture through using the living herbage planting of good drought under non-irrigated condition at desert, half-desert district (200～350 millimeters of rainfalls), solves to carry out land and water development under the desert soil anhydrous condition and the dual-purpose sown pasture problem of herding is cut in planting.

1. put in order ground to choosing

Select the gradient less than 10 degree, scholar's layer thickness is rich in organic soil planting sown pasture more than 30 centimetres, preferably big, more smooth old-field, the nonirrigated farmland of letting a piece of farmland go to waste of physical features of area.Newly reclaim wasteland and to remove foreign material, weed a garden, shrub and tall and big perennial root plant, level land.A kind of farm tools, vegetable soil are turned over and harrow in deep ploughing before broadcasting, and plough the degree of depth to be advisable more than 30 centimetres, and the soil is after planting suppressed on meticulous whole ground.

2. kind is selected

Short of rain according to desert, half-desert district arid, the soil is barren, and weather is cold, and windy and dusty, soil fertility is low, saline and alkaline characteristics such as heavy, select adaptability strong, use the high good forage kind planting sown pasture of usefulness.Selected grass seeds has sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop), Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinjiang Daye); Kazakhstan of the Mongolian wheatgrass (Agropyron mongolicum Keng) of couchgrass (Agropyroninterm edium) and Agropyron or introduction breeds in the middle of the new wheat straw (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) the living wheatgrass new varieties Tao Ke wood of high-quality drought (Т а у к у м с к ц) and the gloomy lattice of Acker (А к с e н ze р с к), but Kazakhstan's wheatgrass kind is at annual precipitation 270-290 millimeter well-grown.Through test, these kinds are cold-resistant, drought-enduring, salt tolerant alkali, anti-dust storm, impoverishment tolerant and anti-bites and trample on, and high yield characteristic is good, and is nutritious, and good palatability is adjustable to hay, and is suitable for the planting sown pasture.

3. sowing

Carry out seed treatment before broadcasting, the sowing time carries out before snowing facing the winter, takes to post the seed mode of passing the winter, and seed is broadcast the back imbibition of burying and passed the winter, and in spring next year, utilizes the soil moisture content the when beginning of spring, snow melted to guarantee to emerge.Seeding method is broadcast method and is taked drilling, broadcasts sowing, clean culture, mixed seeding.30～40 centimetres of drill spacings.The clean culture amount of broadcasting: 1 kilogram/mu of wheatgrass, new wheat straw, couchgrass; 4 kilograms/mu of sainfoins, 1 kilogram/mu of A Ergangjin, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa.1～2 centimetre of pulse family grass sowing depth, grass family 3-4 centimetre.The well mixed seeding of these herbages, combinations of mixed are Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa+new wheat straw 1: 2, A Ergangjin+couchgrass 1: 2, sainfoin+wheatgrass 1: 2, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa+wheatgrass 1: 2.7 kilograms/mu of the mixed seeding amounts of broadcasting, wherein gramineous forage grass is 1 kilogram/mu, 6 kilograms/mu of leguminous forages.

4. fertilising

Arid desert district soil organic matter content is low, lacks the few nitrogen of phosphorus, and soil salt content is higher, is alkalescence.Therefore, Desert Area planting sown pasture will apply nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer in proportion.According to test, 18 kilograms/mu in nitrogen fertilizer application urea, 20 kilograms/mu of phosphate fertilizer superphosphate apply with seed during sowing.In addition, leguminous forage is topdressed to showing in the branch later stage seedling stage, and gramineous forage grass is being topdressed to heading early stage and after cradling at every turn behind the jointing.

5 management and utilization

Seedling growth is slow, need carry out weed control, can carry out intertill and clean tillage, and the large tracts of land management of weeds can be adopted chemical weed control.Taboo was herded in 1 year, and autumn next year mowing utilizes, and herded utilization on the 3rd year.The clean culture pulse family cradles at initial bloom stage, and grass family is before jointing; Tame grass mixture is at the pulse family full-bloom stage, and grass family cradles booting stage, is advisable to cradle 2 batches.5～10 centimetres of stubble height cradle careless closure against grazing, cradle for the last time to utilize to be not later than September 20.Do not cradle during high temperature and drought, in order to avoid withered seedling.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

Xinjiang desert, half-desert should the actual net area capable of using of crop land be 408.66 ten thousand hectares.If utilize should the crop land area 30% be used for planting sown pasture under the non-irrigated condition, then can the planting sown pasture 122.6 ten thousand hectares; Produce 3～4 tons of herbage dry products by per hectare, 200～300 kilograms of calculating of results seed, can provide the herbage dry product more than 3,000,000 tons every year to society, good quality and high output grass seed hundreds of thousands ton, its economic benefit of bringing is appreciable.

This invention solution desert, half-desert district do not have irrigates a difficult problem that is difficult to the planting sown pasture down, is not have the effective way of carrying out land and water development under the irrigation under the condition.Utilize the living herbage of high-quality drought to carry out wasteland exploitation and fodder grass construction of base, input and administrative expenses are cheap, and output benefit is huge.For strengthening pastoral area combatting of natural disaster and protection of livestock ability, promoting that the herdsman settles down process, the living standard that improves the herdsman plays important effect.Not only help to realize the low-cost recovery naturally of native pasture, can promote pastoral area grassland agriculture productivity again, for material base is established in the sustainable development of agricultural and economic society.This technology is not only accelerated the recovery of deserta; Safeguarded soil safety; And can make full use of desert area light thermal resource conversion economic benefit, and the development and use in desert soil and modern Developing of Animal Industry are organically combined, promote desert soil ground to utilize and modern sustainable development of animal husbandry; To building a New Socialist Countryside with build a harmonious society and have important function, have excellent generalization values and application prospect.

Claims (4)

1. sown pasture build and plant technology under a desert, the half-desert district non-irrigated condition.It is characterized in that: planting is cut and is herded the dual-purpose sown pasture under desert, half-desert district (200～350 millimeters of rainfalls) non-irrigated condition.Through use through strict screening, be suitable for good forage kind in desert, the plantation of half-desert district, combine choosing ground to put in order ground, sowing and fertilising, meadow management and utilization are technological, are difficult to planting under the solution desert soil non-irrigated condition and cut and herd a dual-purpose sown pasture difficult problem.

2. according to the sown pasture build and plant technology of claim 1; It is characterized in that: select that area is big, more smooth old-field, the nonirrigated farmland planting sown pasture of letting a piece of farmland go to waste of physical features, the grass family of sowing has the Mongolian wheatgrass of Agropyron or the livings wheatgrass Tao Ke wood of high-quality drought that Kazakhstan breeds and the gloomy lattice of Acker, newly wheat straw, couchgrass; Pulse family is sainfoin, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa.

3. according to the sown pasture build and plant technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sowing time faces the winter in early November and carries out before snowing, and carries out seed treatment, the clean culture amount of broadcasting before broadcasting: 1 kilogram/mu of gramineous grass; 4 kilograms/mu of sainfoins, 1 kilogram/mu of A Ergangjin, 1 kilogram/mu of Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa; Sowing depth: 1～2 centimetre of pulse family, 3～4 centimetres of grass family, the combinations of mixed ratio is: Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa+new wheat straw 1: 2; A Ergangjin+couchgrass 1: 2, sainfoin+wheatgrass 1: 2, Xinjiang big Leaf alfalfa+wheatgrass 1: 2; 7 kilograms/mu of the mixed seeding amounts of broadcasting, wherein gramineous forage grass is 1 kilogram/mu, 6 kilograms/mu of leguminous forages.

4. according to the sown pasture build and plant technology of claim 1, it is characterized in that: during soil fertilizing, generally execute 18 kilograms/mu in urea; 20 kilograms/mu of phosphate fertilizer superphosphate, taboo was herded in 1 year, and mowing in autumn next year utilizes; Herded in the 3rd year and cradle dual-purpose, the clean culture pulse family cradles at initial bloom stage, and the clean culture grass family cradles before jointing; Tame grass mixture cradles at the pulse family full-bloom stage, is advisable 5～10 centimetres of stubble height to cradle 2 batches; Cradle careless closure against grazing, cradle utilization for the last time and be not later than September 20, do not cradle during high temperature and drought.