CN104303754B - Large-scale culture method of yam seedlings - Google Patents
Large-scale culture method of yam seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303754B CN104303754B CN201410516882.7A CN201410516882A CN104303754B CN 104303754 B CN104303754 B CN 104303754B CN 201410516882 A CN201410516882 A CN 201410516882A CN 104303754 B CN104303754 B CN 104303754B
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- rhizoma dioscoreae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0243—Protective shelters for young plants, e.g. tubular sleeves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale culture method of yam seedlings, and belongs to an artificial associated intervention technology in the technical field of crop cultivation. The method adopts the core technology of yam bulbil and corn intercropping and bulbil and cultured yam seedling graded management. Through adopting the yam bulbil and corn intercropping mode, the corn lodging-resistance capability is enhanced, meanwhile, high-resistance yam seedlings are cultured in a large scale, the acre yield can reach 9000 to 12000 plants, the cost is basically not increased, through being compared with that of conventional corn production, 3 to 4 laborers are increased for seeding, management and caring, 6 to 8 laborers are increased for harvesting, the labor quality and work intensity requirements only equal to those of potato planting, only medium work is required for the intensity, the bulbil culture cost is only about 1/3 of that of the traditional culture mode, the competitiveness is greatly improved, and the popularization and the application are easy.
Description
Technical field
Patent of the present invention is a kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, belongs to the people in technical field of crop cultivation
Work association intervention techniques, core technology is made from Chinese yam bulbil and the catch cropping of Semen Maydiss, and Bulbilus dioscoreae and be bred as Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant point
Level management.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, is often referred to long Rhizoma Dioscoreae, is China and many national traditional tuber vegetables.
According to morphological characteristic, Chinese yam idioplasm resource is divided into 4 big species by gardening：Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae（Dioscorea
polystachya）, Dioscarea persimilis Prain et Burkill．（Dioscorea persimilis）, mountain potato（Dioscorea fordii）With ginseng potato
（Dioscorea alata）, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae of this 4 type differs greatly it is easy to distinguish in leaf portion and underground tuber's characters.
Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae, scientific name Dioscorea polystachya, also known as Rhizoma dioscoreae（Dioscorea polystachya
Turcz.）, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Chinese yam, field potato, Buddhist palm potato etc., be a main category of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, plant classification is：Plant kingdom, quilt
Plant door, Monocotyledonae, Dioscoreales, Dioscoreaceae, Wild yam（Dioscorea, including Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Rhizoma Steudnerae Henryanae etc., part kind
It is commonly called as Yam）.
Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae is perennial winding liana, and underground is cylindrical meat tuber, typical diameters 2-10cm, long 50-
150cm, quality 300-3000g.Representational such as Shanxipingyao head Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Henan Jiaozhuo Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Shandong
The long Rhizoma Dioscoreae of Jiaxiang fine, soft fur, Yunnan sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae etc..Emphasis pin of the present invention is with Shanxipingyao head Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Shandong Jiaxiang fine, soft fur Chang Mount
Medicine, Yunnan sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae etc. is the long Rhizoma Dioscoreae of vegetable column of representative.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae contains the mineral elements such as abundant starch, vitamin and phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, ferrum, zinc, copper, potassium, be the old and the young all
Suitable nutriment.Meanwhile, Rhizoma Dioscoreae also has the functions such as spleen invigorating, the kidney invigorating, beneficial essence, to animal and people's weakness of the spleen and stomach, inappetence, glycosuria
Disease, constipation etc. have certain curative effect.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, also grain also dish, it is the traditional important foodstuffs source of China, concern state food safety.From 2009, state
The Department of Science and Technology of family, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance start to promote " research of Rhizoma dioscoreae efficiency cultivation technology for high and demonstration " plan, and therein " south is planted
Northing, north plant move westwards " strategy affirmed in the industry, industrialization process enter fast traffic lane.
Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae is belonging to high temperature short-day plant, and preference temperature is 20-30 DEG C, does not bloom for less than 15 DEG C, block when 10 DEG C
Stem can be with rudiment.Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae light, tolerance to cold is poor, the growth preferably draining is good, in loose fertile soil.The tradition of long Rhizoma Dioscoreae
Plant big more options sandy loam arable land.
Long Rhizoma Dioscoreae be distributed widely in China northeast, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, on the south the Huaihe River of Anhui（Height above sea level 150-850 rice）、
Jiangsu, Zhejiang（Height above sea level 450-1000 rice）, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, In Northern Guangxi, Guizhou, Eastern Yunnan northern
（Height above sea level 1500-2500 rice）, Sichuan（Height above sea level 500-700 rice）, In Eastern Gansu（Height above sea level 950-1100 rice）, Southern Shaanxi（Height above sea level
350-1500 rice）Etc. ground.Korea, Japan are also distributed.
Chang Mount medicine block stem is medicine-food two-purpose food materials, important tuber vegetable, is also multiple Far-away Backward Areas particularly mountain
The local speciality in area, relatively more famous has Ya'an Sichuan province Erlongshan Mountains Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Anshun of Guizhou Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Yunnan sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Yunnan Yao
Peace Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Jiangsu Feng County Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Jiangsu Guannan Rhizoma dioscoreae, Jiangxi Ruichang Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Hebei Gaoyang Gaoyang fiber crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Hebei Aminoplasmal Hepa-10 are white
Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Hebei Lixian County fiber crops Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Henan Jiaozhuo RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE fr0m Henan of China, Henan temperature line Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Hubei Xiangyang Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Lichuan County, Hubei mountain
Medicine, Weihe River Basin, shaanxi Province Nanhua state Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Pishan Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Pingliang, Gansu Rhizoma Dioscoreae etc..
Traditional long yam planting is to do seedling using Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant.Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant includes the cultivation that the first year is bred as with Bulbilus dioscoreae
Son, or harvest the halter young plant that Rhizoma Dioscoreae eats under cutting out during tuber, or the silently young plant from Rhizoma Dioscoreae tuber top is cut out, cross-talk is planted
Son, broadly falls into asexual propagation.
The mode that traditional Bulbilus dioscoreae educates young plant is typically：After White Dew to Autumnal Equinox made from Chinese yam bulbil is grown up and come off, select relatively
Big is housed in cellar for storing things, in case Second Year carries out nursery before and after Clear and Bright；The early spring deep ploughs 30- on the arable land suitably planting Rhizoma Solani tuber osi
45cm, makees base fertilizer with farm manure, and ridging is standby to be broadcast；Press line-spacing 20-27cm along furrow, open the ditch of deep 3-5cm, every mu of 2- of thickness of sowing
30000；It is barricaded as the product cabinet frame of 700 about after emerging with more than 2100 strain 1.5-2.0m bamboo poles, and carry out by plantation Rhizoma Dioscoreae mode
Field management, it is important that weeding；Harvest little Rhizoma Dioscoreae then after autumn, that is, Bulbilus dioscoreae young plant, enter cellar for storing things and preserve, next spring transplants
Land for growing field crops.
Generally every mu of this mode can produce available Bulbilus dioscoreae young plant 18000-22000 strain.By 1000 yuan of land rents, 35 medium
3500 yuan of labour costs, 1300 yuan of built cost, 600 yuan of fertilizer etc., each 0.15 yuan meter of effective Bulbilus dioscoreae, produced Bulbilus dioscoreae is planted
Sub- cost is 0.44-0.51 unit.
From preventing germ plasm resource from degenerating, and from the point of view of detoxification efficiency, seedling resistance, it is several that Bulbilus dioscoreae educates young plant
Optimal selection in young plant preparation, from being easy to lay in the angle with administration by different levels, is also that Bulbilus dioscoreae young plant is dominant, but, this
The traditional Bulbilus dioscoreae of kind is educated young plant mode and is needed to take high-quality soil in a large number in addition it is also necessary to Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril built, cost occupies always
Height not under, lead to that in yam cultivation cost, seedling proportion is too high, the threshold both having built industrialization high, also reduce investment and receive
Beneficial rate.
During corn planting, milpa takes root generally partially shallow, and this meets with wind sky rain after making later stage corn knob rod
It easily lodges.Corn lodging is a key factor of the Semen Maydiss underproduction, is a difficult problem of corn planting.The mode improved and side
Method mainly still selects kind resistant to lodging at present, and fertilising dispenser increases resistance, and the mode of physical support is because of cost reason simultaneously
Rare, even the traditional approach that cultivation and banking is reinforced, also no longer adopt because labour cost is too high also many, and association plantation
Mode even more rarely has trial.
The reason cause corn lodging is mostly：1. planting density is unreasonable；2. fertilizing method is improper：The first situation is
Very few without phosphorus potash fertilizer or phosphorus potash fertilizer consumption when applying fertilizer to the subsoil, nitrogen fertilizer amount is substantially excessive, and potash fertilizer is very few, all can cause corn nourishment
Unbalance, corn growth is too fast, and plant is too high, and stalk is elongated easy to lodge.Second situation is to impose during corn growth
During fertilizer, fertilizer from rhizome base portion excessively close to, or directly spread fertilizer over the fields above root system, foundation portion blown, makes support root（Aerial root）'s
Quantity reduces, and leads to the supporting function of root to reduce and lodge；3. field management measure is improper：Can not during corn growth
Enough reasonably fertilizing, waterings；Occur can not prevent and treat in time during pest and disease damage, so that Semen Maydiss resistivity is reduced；4. spray after seedling in Semen Maydiss
During herbicide, every spray N,N'-dimethyl-.gamma..gamma.'-dipyridylium or Kirchhoff integral corn field, will also result in the minimizing of Semen Maydiss aerial root, thus increasing Semen Maydiss
There is the probability of lodging.
Traditional measure resistant to lodging is usually：1. in maize planting, every mu with base fertilizer apply 150-300g particulate zinc or
1-2kg zinc sulfate is as base fertilizer；2. rational close planting：Want treatment in accordance with local conditions, because of kind suiting measures to different conditions, according to the density requirements of corn variety,
Planting density can not arbitrarily be increased；3., in Semen Maydiss 3-5 leaf phase and 9-12 leaf phase, sprayed in conjunction with prevention and elimination of disease and pests, added potassium
Fertilizer and organic silicon fertilizer, promote well developed root system, straw is sturdy, increase the toughness of straw；4. spray Semen Maydiss chlorocholine chloride in good time.
In Agro-ecological System, association is most commonly seen phenomenon, such as Associated weeds, but majority is phase with production purpose
Be contrary to, they with crops competitive space and nutrition, host that have or pest and disease damage, make the harmful factor of agricultural production；But
Also play the role of Mutualism, such as pulse family and gramineous between kind be apply in traditional agriculture most successful.Dioscoreaceae and grass
The association of section is then rare.
Content of the invention
The invention belongs to the artificial association intervention techniques in the technical field of cultivation of crops, core technology be Dioscoreaceae with
The catch cropping of association gramineous, specifically made from Chinese yam bulbil and Semen Maydiss.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, comprises the steps：
A, general farming level can be produced more than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg plough by yield increase point one, two, three, that is,：Can produce
Semen Maydiss dry granular 400-700kg is one-level, and 700-900kg is two grades, and more than 900kg is three-level；
B, the Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is increased by weight points 1,2,3 grades：
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is made
For sowing material, and grade by weight, 1 grade is weight 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight≤3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight
≤ 2g, remaining is not conform to level；
C, select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system, plant type is compact, straw thick and strong spring maize kind；
D, by above-mentioned a step and b step classification join 3 grades of kinds with carrying out one-level, two grades of ground are joined 2 grades of kinds, are joined to three-level 1 grade of kind
Carry out and plant pairing；
E, the Bulbilus dioscoreae described in above-mentioned b step is carried out broadcasting front accelerating germination, the Bulbilus dioscoreae starting rudiment is used further to sow；
Described accelerating germination be first Bulbilus dioscoreae is put into 3-10 DEG C at a temperature of cryopreservation, take out after 60-80 days and be seeded in and educate
Seed plate；Cover Bulbilus dioscoreae with the seedling medium of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand composition, then irrigate seedling medium with clear water；It is placed in 23-
Accelerating germination at a temperature of 30 DEG C；Wherein, the concrete ratio of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand does not require；
Ridging on f, the arable land described in above-mentioned a step, duplicate rows one ridge, row spacing 120 ± 5cm；
Semen Maydiss described in sowing step c on g, the ridge described in above-mentioned f step, spacing in the rows 35 ± 2cm, line-spacing 55 ± 3cm；
H, on the arable land after seeding corn described in above-mentioned g step adopt mulch film, pine needle, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, wheat stalk or
The soil moisture conservation weeding of maize straw residue mulching weeding system；
After emergence of corn 9-11cm on i, the arable land described in above-mentioned h step, by the Bulbilus dioscoreae sowing obtained by step e；
Bulbilus dioscoreae described in j, above-mentioned i step is intercutted at maize seedling 23-27cm；
Bulbilus dioscoreae was emerged in 5-10 days after k, above-mentioned j step operation and inspects, according to the situation of inspecting, or artificial reaming carries Seedling,
Or after-culture；
After Rhizoma Dioscoreae described in l, above-mentioned i step gets rid of tendril, artificial reason tendril seeks connections with milpa；
M, when carrying out above-mentioned l step operation 25-40d, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with, with
Formed and have Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril to march between milpa；
If pest and disease damage and will spray preventing and treating in the tendril described in n, above-mentioned m step in good time；
After alabastrum in tendril described in o, above-mentioned m step, the soil of potassium deficiency will spray potash fertilizer or nutrition regulating agent；
Semen Maydiss harvesting described in p, above-mentioned g step will be taken and manually break receipts ear of maize mode, climing with antisitic defect Caulis et Folium Dioscoreae；
After tendril described in q, above-mentioned m step is completely withered, you can excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant；
After r, step q tendril are completely withered, before excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, tendril and corn straw are together harvested；
S, the young plant to results described in above-mentioned q step carry out staged care, and entrance standard completes a business transaction storehouse storage.
The too small Bulbilus dioscoreae not conforming to level in technical solution of the present invention step b is used for nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae is used as spy
Different breeding or be processed into food.
In technical solution of the present invention step i, every plant of Semen Maydiss both sides are spaced the Bulbilus dioscoreae obtained by 25cm sows 4 steps e.
The picking methods of technical solution of the present invention step r tendril and corn straw are mechanization by corn straw and Caulis et Folium Dioscoreae
Climing harvesting chopping and returning.
The excavation mode of technical solution of the present invention step q Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is artificial harvesting or machine deep ploughing harvesting.
Further preferably described machine deep ploughing harvesting ploughed depth is more than 40cm.
10 days after the frost excavation time of technical solution of the present invention step q Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant can start, and completes before frozen soil,
Or Second Year teds and completes during soil.
Staged care described in technical solution of the present invention step s is：The young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as divides three-level management, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight≤110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter≤3.0cm, 60g≤weight≤80g, 80%≤cleanliness≤90%, 80≤plumpness≤
90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter≤2.0cm, 40g≤weight≤60g, 70%≤cleanliness≤80%, 70%≤plumpness
≤80%；Remaining is not conform to a grade product；
Do not conform to excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight >=110g, use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid；
Do not conform to too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight≤40g, as greenhouse production, or in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot
Use, or use as secondary nursery.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant before storing after harvesting described in technical solution of the present invention step s will be tedded.
Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant described in technical solution of the present invention step s needs to be stored in storage temperature 2-8 DEG C, relative humidity 85-
93% clean environment.
Key technology explanation
The present invention, by way of planting between made from Chinese yam bulbil and Semen Maydiss, while strengthening Semen Maydiss lodging tolerance, cultivates
Go out resistance young plant, its Main Economic technical specification and concrete operations are：
0 Main Economic technical specification
What this technology was supporting cultivates young plant method with Bulbilus dioscoreae, and per mu yield is up to 9000-12000 strain.
0.1 only increases sowing than conventional production Semen Maydiss manages and protects 3-4 work of labour force, increases harvesting 6-8 work of labour force,
Labour force's quality and labor intensity require to just correspond to Potato Breeding, and labor intensity belongs to medium work.
0.2 Semen Maydiss lodging tolerance increases.
0.3 is distributed in 50-120g by planting between sowing material and Semen Maydiss produced underground tuber fresh weight with Bulbilus dioscoreae, averagely more
Fresh weight reaches 80g, and the little Rhizoma Dioscoreae being produced all can be used for the coming year as potato seed and sow, and wherein about more than 50% also can be direct
Sell for small goods potato.
1 nursery selects
More than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg arable land can be produced with ordinary maize kind general farming level.
1.1 model plot
Arable layer thickness more than 40cm, suitable potato growth plot, height above sea level, fertility strictly do not limit.
1.2 exclusion plot
If above-mentioned plot nitrogenous fertilizer is excessively sufficient, or the excessively sufficient plot of fluorion will be excluded.
1.3 are classified
The classification of Semen Maydiss dry granular is produced with ordinary maize kind general farming water energy, is divided into one, two, three common three-levels.
2 pairs of Bulbilus dioscoreaes carry out administration by different levels and use
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is made
For sowing material.
2.1 pairs are used for educating the Bulbilus dioscoreae of young plant through row administration by different levels
The Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating young plant is graded by weight, 1 grade is weight 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight
≤ 3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight≤2g, and remaining is not conform to level.
2.2 pairs of excessive too small Bulbilus dioscoreaes are used alone
Too small Bulbilus dioscoreae can be used as nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae as special breeding or can be processed into food use.
3 Bulbilus dioscoreae pre-sowing treatments
3.1 Bulbilus dioscoreae accelerating germination
Cryopreservation at a temperature of first Bulbilus dioscoreae being put into 3-10 DEG C, takes out after 60-80 days and is seeded in seedlings nursing plate；Use Margarita
The seedling medium of rock, Vermiculitum and fine sand composition covers Bulbilus dioscoreae, then irrigates seedling medium with clear water；At a temperature of being placed in 23-30 DEG C
Accelerating germination.
3.2 control seedling-growing times
Bulbilus dioscoreae is taken rush bud after sow, be because the bad measuring and calculating of Bulbilus dioscoreae dormancy, or inconsistent impact to emerging when
Between control.
3.3 control emergence rates
Sow after Bulbilus dioscoreae is taken with rush bud, and require the Bulbilus dioscoreae selecting rudiment to be used further to sow, be intended to raising and emerge
Rate, reduces and reseeds quantity.
Plant between 4 and Semen Maydiss
4.1 maize seed
This planting patterns will select spring maize kind, and variety characteristic will select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system,
Plant type is compact, and straw is thick and strong, blade rushes, the breeding of strong stress resistance, the optional Su Yu in Plain of Huanghua Area corn belt 20, or Nongda108,
Or red beautiful 86, yellow single No. 4 of optional a surname in Mountain Area of Southwest corn belt etc..
4.2 duplicate rows ridgings
Duplicate rows ridging, row spacing 120 ± 5cm, both increase arable layer thickness, be also beneficial to draining, also help covering weeding,
Thus being conducive to the association of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Seedling and Semen Maydiss.
4.3 Semen Maydiss seeding row spacing adjustment
Corn Densities are controlled at 3100 plants every mu about, that is, Semen Maydiss seeding row spacing is adjusted to spacing in the rows 35 ± 2cm, line-spacing 55 ±
3cm（Tradition is generally line-spacing 50-60cm, spacing in the rows 33-40cm）.
Plant between 4.4 Bulbilus dioscoreaes
Every plant of Semen Maydiss both sides are spaced 25cm and sow 4 through processing the Bulbilus dioscoreae having started to rudiment.So every mu ground more than zero
Sub- thickness of sowing is 12500-13000 grain.By 75% about sprout and produce into based on, every mu of ground can produce Bulbilus dioscoreae young plant 9000-
10000 plants.
4.5 the sowing time
4.5.1 Semen Maydiss
By the sowing of normal farming season, early kind mode is selected to leave enough growth times for Rhizoma Dioscoreae well.
4.5.2 Bulbilus dioscoreae
Emergence of corn 10cm about sow the Bulbilus dioscoreae of accelerating germination again, it is to avoid Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril and Semen Maydiss competitive influence Semen Maydiss
Knot rod.
4.6 weeding
4.6.1 will timely weeding after Semen Maydiss and Rhizoma Dioscoreae emerge.Hoe up weeds or will prevent from extracting Rhizoma Dioscoreae Seedling in the lump during uprooting weed,
Or the root of obvious damage underground just growth.
4.6.2 avoid, using potent herbicide, reducing the harm to Rhizoma Dioscoreae Seedling as far as possible；Take with the side such as mulch film or Folium Pini
Formula covers weeding and is preferred.
4.6.3 conditional area, pine needle to be taken, or Caulis et Folium Oryzae, or wheat stalk, or corn straw etc. are organic
Cover weeding system soil moisture conservation weeding, to reduce high weeding cost and labor intensity.
4.7 association modes
4.7.1, after Rhizoma Dioscoreae gets rid of tendril, to manually manage tendril and seek connections with milpa.
4.7.2 combine manual intervention Semen Maydiss poplar bloassom, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with, shape
Become and have Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril to march between milpa, increase the lodging tolerance after taking over the baton because of Semen Maydiss.
4.7.3 after Semen Maydiss maturation, maize cob needs artificial harvesting, and straw will retain and not hurt Rhizoma Dioscoreae as far as possible
Tendril, until Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril dries up.
4.7.4 this no support planting type is conducive to low labor intensity to be realized with a low cost straw-returning, and such as mechanization will
Corn straw and Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril harvesting chopping and returning.
5 Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant harvestings
Gather in corn straw and the Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant of Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril has cultivated ground, can manually have been harvested, also practicable machine
Deep ploughing mode harvests.
5.1 10 days after frost times of harvesting can start, and complete, or Second Year teds and completes during soil before frozen soil
Can.
5.2 take machine deep ploughing harvesting, and ploughed depth will exceed 40cm, to guarantee not sliding trackle young plant.
6 Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant storage transports
6.1 conventional storage
Young plant after harvesting will be tedded, and reduces moisture, sterilization.Long term storage（More than 20 days）It is placed on temperature 2-
8 DEG C of relative humidity 90% about clean environments, and avoid transporting for long-distance in high temperature environments.
6.2 java standard library storages
Sell for ease of commercialization, also allow for planned production, conditional java standard library of will realizing stores, at least realize dividing
Level management, by strain number vanning.
6.2.1 administration by different levels
The Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as is divided three-level management by the present invention, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight≤110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter≤3.0cm, 60g≤weight≤80g, 80%≤cleanliness≤90%, 80≤plumpness≤
90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter≤2.0cm, 40g≤weight≤60g, 70%≤cleanliness≤80%, 70%≤plumpness
≤80%.
6.3 pairs of excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plants are used alone
Excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant（Weight >=110g）Can use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid.
6.4 pairs of too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plants are used alone
Too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant（Weight≤40g）As greenhouse production, or can use in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot.Also can make
Use for secondary nursery.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
It was verified that accompanying planting mode of the present invention clearly enhances Semen Maydiss lodging tolerance so that Semen Maydiss can resist one
As disaster caused by a windstorm, and due to excessive rainwater soak lodging.
Practice also demonstrates that although Corn Densities reduce, but single bud net weight substantially increases, and Semen Maydiss not only stable yields does not have yet
The substantially underproduction.
Practice also confirms that, the Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant that this association mode is cultivated, and compares traditional approach although per unit area yield quantity only one
Half left and right, but be more uniformly distributed, hundred weights substantially increase, and resistance is also more preferable.
And on labor intensity, only increase sowing and manage and protect 3-4 work than the conventional Semen Maydiss that produce, increase harvesting labour force 6-8
Individual work, labour force's quality and labor intensity require to just correspond to potato planting, and intensity only needs medium work.
Become present aspect, compare with traditional approach, soil and liquid manure hardly increase cost, recruitment is also little, does not include zero
Minor cost is about 0.13 yuan every plant, is only 1/3rd about of traditional type of rearing, competitiveness greatly improves.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, comprises the steps：
A, general farming level can be produced more than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg plough by yield increase point one, two, three, that is,：Can produce
Semen Maydiss dry granular 400-700kg is one-level, and 700-900kg is two grades, and more than 900kg is three-level；
B, the Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is increased by weight points 1,2,3 grades：
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is made
For sowing material, and grade by weight, 1 grade is weight 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight≤3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight
≤ 2g, remaining is not conform to level；The too small Bulbilus dioscoreae not conforming to level is used for nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae is used as special breeding or processing
Become food；
C, select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system, plant type is compact, straw thick and strong spring maize kind；
D, by above-mentioned a step and b step classification join 3 grades of kinds with carrying out one-level, two grades of ground are joined 2 grades of kinds, are joined to three-level 1 grade of kind
Carry out and plant pairing；
E, the Bulbilus dioscoreae described in above-mentioned b step is carried out broadcasting front accelerating germination, the Bulbilus dioscoreae starting rudiment is used further to sow；
Described accelerating germination be first Bulbilus dioscoreae is put into 3 DEG C at a temperature of cryopreservation, after 60 days take out be seeded in seedlings nursing plate；With
The seedling medium of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand composition covers Bulbilus dioscoreae, then irrigates seedling medium with clear water；At a temperature of being placed in 23 DEG C
Accelerating germination；Wherein, the concrete ratio of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand does not require；
Ridging on f, the arable land described in above-mentioned a step, duplicate rows one ridge, row spacing 115cm；
Semen Maydiss described in sowing step c on g, the ridge described in above-mentioned f step, spacing in the rows 33cm, line-spacing 52cm；
H, on the arable land after seeding corn described in above-mentioned g step adopt covering with ground sheeting weeding system preserve soil moisture weeding；
After emergence of corn 9cm on i, the arable land described in above-mentioned h step, by the Bulbilus dioscoreae sowing obtained by step e；
Bulbilus dioscoreae described in j, above-mentioned i step is intercutted at maize seedling 23cm；
Bulbilus dioscoreae was emerged in 5-10 days after k, above-mentioned j step operation and inspects, according to the situation of inspecting, or artificial reaming carries Seedling,
Or after-culture；
After Rhizoma Dioscoreae described in l, above-mentioned i step gets rid of tendril, artificial reason tendril seeks connections with milpa；
M, when carrying out above-mentioned l step operation 25-40d, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with, with
Formed and have Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril to march between milpa；
If pest and disease damage and will spray preventing and treating in the tendril described in n, above-mentioned m step in good time；
After alabastrum in tendril described in o, above-mentioned m step, the soil of potassium deficiency will spray potash fertilizer；
Semen Maydiss harvesting described in p, above-mentioned g step will be taken and manually break receipts ear of maize mode, climing with antisitic defect Caulis et Folium Dioscoreae；
After tendril described in q, above-mentioned m step is completely withered, you can excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, excavation mode is artificial harvesting；
10 days after the frost time of excavation can start, and completes before frozen soil；
After r, step q tendril are completely withered, before excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, tendril and corn straw are together harvested, harvesting side
Formula is that corn straw and Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril are gathered in chopping and returning by mechanization；
S, the young plant to results described in above-mentioned q step carry out staged care, and the Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant before storing after harvesting will be carried out
Ted, complete a business transaction storehouse storage subsequently into standard, need to be stored in 8 DEG C of storage temperature, the clean environment of relative humidity 93%；
Wherein, described staged care is：The young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as divides three-level management, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight≤110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter≤3.0cm, 60g≤weight≤80g, 80%≤cleanliness≤90%, 80≤plumpness≤
90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter≤2.0cm, 40g≤weight≤60g, 70%≤cleanliness≤80%, 70%≤plumpness
≤80%；Remaining is not conform to a grade product；
Do not conform to excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight >=110g, use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid；
Do not conform to too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight≤40g, as greenhouse production, or in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot
Use, or use as secondary nursery.
Embodiment 2
A kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, comprises the steps：
A, general farming level can be produced more than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg plough by yield increase point one, two, three, that is,：Can produce
Semen Maydiss dry granular 400-700kg is one-level, and 700-900kg is two grades, and more than 900kg is three-level；
B, the Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is increased by weight points 1,2,3 grades：
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is made
For sowing material, and grade by weight, 1 grade is weight 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight≤3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight
≤ 2g, remaining is not conform to level；The too small Bulbilus dioscoreae not conforming to level is used for nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae is used as special breeding or processing
Become food；
C, select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system, plant type is compact, straw thick and strong spring maize kind；
D, by above-mentioned a step and b step classification join 3 grades of kinds with carrying out one-level, two grades of ground are joined 2 grades of kinds, are joined to three-level 1 grade of kind
Carry out and plant pairing；
E, the Bulbilus dioscoreae described in above-mentioned b step is carried out broadcasting front accelerating germination, the Bulbilus dioscoreae starting rudiment is used further to sow；
Described accelerating germination be first Bulbilus dioscoreae is put into 10 DEG C at a temperature of cryopreservation, after 80 days take out be seeded in seedlings nursing plate；
Cover Bulbilus dioscoreae with the seedling medium of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand composition, then irrigate seedling medium with clear water；It is placed in 30 DEG C of temperature
Lower accelerating germination；Wherein, the concrete ratio of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand does not require；
Ridging on f, the arable land described in above-mentioned a step, duplicate rows one ridge, row spacing 125cm；
Semen Maydiss described in sowing step c on g, the ridge described in above-mentioned f step, spacing in the rows 37cm, line-spacing 58cm；
H, on the arable land after seeding corn described in above-mentioned g step adopt pine needle cover weeding system soil moisture conservation weeding；
After emergence of corn 11cm on i, the arable land described in above-mentioned h step, by the Bulbilus dioscoreae sowing obtained by step e；
Bulbilus dioscoreae described in j, above-mentioned i step is intercutted at maize seedling 27cm；
Bulbilus dioscoreae was emerged in 5-10 days after k, above-mentioned j step operation and inspects, according to the situation of inspecting, or artificial reaming carries Seedling,
Or after-culture；
After Rhizoma Dioscoreae described in l, above-mentioned i step gets rid of tendril, artificial reason tendril seeks connections with milpa；
M, when carrying out above-mentioned l step operation 25-40d, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with, with
Formed and have Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril to march between milpa；
If pest and disease damage and will spray preventing and treating in the tendril described in n, above-mentioned m step in good time；
After alabastrum in tendril described in o, above-mentioned m step, the soil of potassium deficiency will spray nutrition regulating agent；
Semen Maydiss harvesting described in p, above-mentioned g step will be taken and manually break receipts ear of maize mode, climing with antisitic defect Caulis et Folium Dioscoreae；
After tendril described in q, above-mentioned m step is completely withered, you can excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, excavation mode is adopted for machine deep ploughing
Receive, ploughed depth is more than 30cm；10 days after the frost time of excavation can start, and completes before frozen soil；
After r, step q tendril are completely withered, before excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, tendril and corn straw are together harvested, harvesting side
Formula is that corn straw and Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril are gathered in chopping and returning by mechanization；
S, the young plant to results described in above-mentioned q step carry out staged care, and the Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant before storing after harvesting will be carried out
Ted, complete a business transaction storehouse storage subsequently into standard, need to be stored in 2 DEG C of storage temperature, the clean environment of relative humidity 85%；
Wherein, described staged care is：The young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as divides three-level management, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight≤110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter≤3.0cm, 60g≤weight≤80g, 80%≤cleanliness≤90%, 80≤plumpness≤
90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter≤2.0cm, 40g≤weight≤60g, 70%≤cleanliness≤80%, 70%≤plumpness
≤80%；Remaining is not conform to a grade product；
Do not conform to excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight >=110g, use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid；
Do not conform to too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight≤40g, as greenhouse production, or in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot
Use, or use as secondary nursery.
Embodiment 3
A kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, comprises the steps：
A, general farming level can be produced more than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg plough by yield increase point one, two, three, that is,：Can produce
Semen Maydiss dry granular 400-700kg is one-level, and 700-900kg is two grades, and more than 900kg is three-level；
B, the Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is increased by weight points 1,2,3 grades：
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is made
For sowing material, and grade by weight, 1 grade is weight 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight≤3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight
≤ 2g, remaining is not conform to level；The too small Bulbilus dioscoreae not conforming to level is used for nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae is used as special breeding or processing
Become food；
C, select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system, plant type is compact, straw thick and strong spring maize kind；
D, by above-mentioned a step and b step classification join 3 grades of kinds with carrying out one-level, two grades of ground are joined 2 grades of kinds, are joined to three-level 1 grade of kind
Carry out and plant pairing；
E, the Bulbilus dioscoreae described in above-mentioned b step is carried out broadcasting front accelerating germination, the Bulbilus dioscoreae starting rudiment is used further to sow；
Described accelerating germination be first Bulbilus dioscoreae is put into 5 DEG C at a temperature of cryopreservation, after 70 days take out be seeded in seedlings nursing plate；With
The seedling medium of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand composition covers Bulbilus dioscoreae, then irrigates seedling medium with clear water；At a temperature of being placed in 28 DEG C
Accelerating germination；Wherein, the concrete ratio of perlite, Vermiculitum and fine sand does not require；
Ridging on f, the arable land described in above-mentioned a step, duplicate rows one ridge, row spacing 120cm；
Semen Maydiss described in sowing step c on g, the ridge described in above-mentioned f step, spacing in the rows 35cm, line-spacing 55cm；
H, on the arable land after seeding corn described in above-mentioned g step adopt Wheat stalk-covering weeding system preserve soil moisture weeding；
After emergence of corn 10cm on i, the arable land described in above-mentioned h step, by the Bulbilus dioscoreae sowing obtained by step e；
Bulbilus dioscoreae described in j, above-mentioned i step is intercutted at maize seedling 25cm, and that is, every plant of Semen Maydiss both sides are spaced 25cm
Bulbilus dioscoreae obtained by 4 steps e of sowing；
Bulbilus dioscoreae was emerged in 5-10 days after k, above-mentioned j step operation and inspects, according to the situation of inspecting, or artificial reaming carries Seedling,
Or after-culture；
After Rhizoma Dioscoreae described in l, above-mentioned i step gets rid of tendril, artificial reason tendril seeks connections with milpa；
M, when carrying out above-mentioned l step operation 25-40d, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with, with
Formed and have Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril to march between milpa；
If pest and disease damage and will spray preventing and treating in the tendril described in n, above-mentioned m step in good time；
After alabastrum in tendril described in o, above-mentioned m step, the soil of potassium deficiency will spray potash fertilizer；
Semen Maydiss harvesting described in p, above-mentioned g step will be taken and manually break receipts ear of maize mode, climing with antisitic defect Caulis et Folium Dioscoreae；
After tendril described in q, above-mentioned m step is completely withered, you can excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, excavation mode is artificial harvesting；
10 days after the frost time of excavation can start, and Second Year teds and completes during soil.；
After r, step q tendril are completely withered, before excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, tendril and corn straw are together harvested, harvesting side
Formula is that corn straw and Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril are gathered in chopping and returning by mechanization；
S, the young plant to results described in above-mentioned q step carry out staged care, and the Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant before storing after harvesting will be carried out
Ted, complete a business transaction storehouse storage subsequently into standard, need to be stored in 6 DEG C of storage temperature, the clean environment of relative humidity 90%；
Wherein, described staged care is：The young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as divides three-level management, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight≤110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter≤3.0cm, 60g≤weight≤80g, 80%≤cleanliness≤90%, 80≤plumpness≤
90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter≤2.0cm, 40g≤weight≤60g, 70%≤cleanliness≤80%, 70%≤plumpness
≤80%；Remaining is not conform to a grade product；
Do not conform to excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight >=110g, use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid；
Do not conform to too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight≤40g, as greenhouse production, or in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot
Use, or use as secondary nursery.
The ultimate principle the foregoing describing the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments.The technical staff of the industry should
Solution, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the formula described in foregoing embodiments can be improved or
To wherein part material equivalent, these improve person or equivalent is without departure from spirit and scope of the invention.
Technical solution of the present invention is embodied as situation：
First, implement ground
Xuanwei of Yunnan Province city Long Chang town Wu Liping village
Xuanwei of Yunnan Province slab bridge town west village
Fields of Qujing City in Yunnan Qilin District Green Dragon village
2nd, implement people
Xuanwei sea fine jade industry five Li Ping pig farm
Xuanwei National agricultural demonstration area seed multiplication farm base
Xuanwei of Yunnan Province slab bridge seed multiplication farm
3rd, kind
Sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae, general girth diameter 6-15cm, the long 60-90cm of edible tuber, 3 tons about of traditional per mu yield.
Sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae, also known as Roots Rhizoma Dioscoreae, are the long yam varieties of main product of Lufeng Yunnan Roots's embankment, and cultivation history is swung
Long, big and known far and wide with glutinous tender, the of fine quality, amount of delicate satiny, the micro- delicate fragrance of taste of individual big, meat.
It is documented, bronze period, the clan tribal chief in ancients sieve portion of the Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou and time portion is wild yam on mountain
Be transplanted to new open up wasteland in fertile sandy loam, through over thousands of year artificial culture, optimized choice, cultivated in Rhizoma Dioscoreae to during the Two Jins
Fine quality, locals's ancient times is " axe is Rhizoma Dioscoreae " or " oxtail Rhizoma Dioscoreae ".
In Nan Zhao period, that is, in the 96 of Christian era 760-856 year, Nan Zhao Wang Feng gal is different, different to be tried to gain and seeks, advises and rich help prince three generations all
Marry sieve time solely the rough female of brocade be prince wife, be after, sieve time Rhizoma Dioscoreae has obtained imperial high praise and famous.
4th, implement area
36 mu of Long Chang town Wu Liping village.
15 mu of slab bridge town west village.
12 mu of Qilin District Green Dragon village
5th, performance
2011, carry out 100 plants of tests respectively, be substantially carried out different plant and row spacing paired observation.
2012, carry out 1 mu of test respectively, verify different plant and row spacing paired observation, and carry out differently power and Bulbilus dioscoreae
Size proportioning contrast test.
2013, carry out big neoasozin experiment.
6th, effect assessment
In Qilin District Green Dragon village, experimental field belong to the barren soil of woodland, 2100 meters of High aititude cool and cold climate, yield is lower slightly,
But seedling is few in spite of illness.
In slab bridge town west village, experimental field belong to standard nursery lot, 1900 High aititude Ba Qu, yield is significantly improved, but
Seedling is obvious in spite of illness.
In Long Chang town Wu Liping village, experimental field belong to Wumeng Shan Mountain section representative corn planting ground, be divided into height above sea level 2000
With two groups of 2200 meters of tablelands.The ground deblocking reaction of height above sea level and Qilin District Green Dragon village are close, the low ground deblocking reaction of height above sea level and slab bridge town
West village is close.
Above-mentioned milpa, using yellow single No. 4 of local advantage corn variety a surname, dry granular 800kg typically can be received in every mu of the high place of production,
Dry granular 400kg typically can be received, sample plot reduces yield all less than 150kg low yield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
A, general farming level can be produced more than Semen Maydiss dry granular 400kg, and the arable land more than 40cm for the arable layer thickness, increase by yield
Divide one, two, three, that is,：1 grade is 400kg≤can produce Semen Maydiss dry granular weight ＜ 700kg, and 2 grades is 700kg≤can produce Semen Maydiss dry granular
Weight ＜ 900kg, 3 grades is 900kg≤can produce Semen Maydiss dry granular weight；
B, the Bulbilus dioscoreae being used for cultivating Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant is increased by weight points 1,2,3 grades：
Select that the full non-profiled, epidermis of particle shape is no damaged, pore is sparse, surface is glossy, the Bulbilus dioscoreae of no disease and pests harm is as broadcasting
Plant material, and grade by weight, 1 grade is 3g≤weight≤6g, 2 grades is 2g≤weight ＜ 3g, 3 grades is 1g≤weight ＜ 2g, its
Remaining for not conforming to level；
C, select period of duration more than 110 days, well developed root system, plant type is compact, straw thick and strong spring maize kind；
D, by above-mentioned a step and b step classification, one-level is joined 3 grades of kinds, 2 grades of kinds are joined on two grades of ground, join to three-level 1 grade of kind and carry out
Ground and the pairing planted；
E, the Bulbilus dioscoreae described in above-mentioned b step is carried out broadcasting front accelerating germination, the Bulbilus dioscoreae starting rudiment is used further to sow；Described urges
Bud be first Bulbilus dioscoreae is put into 3-10 DEG C at a temperature of cryopreservation, after 60-80 days take out be seeded in seedlings nursing plate；With perlite, trematodiasiss
The seedling medium of stone and fine sand composition covers Bulbilus dioscoreae, then irrigates seedling medium with clear water；Accelerating germination at a temperature of being placed in 23-30 DEG C；
Ridging on f, the arable land described in above-mentioned a step, duplicate rows one ridge, row spacing 120 ± 5cm；
Semen Maydiss described in sowing step c on g, the ridge described in above-mentioned f step, spacing in the rows 35 ± 2cm, line-spacing 55 ± 3cm；
H, mulch film, pine needle, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, wheat stalk or corn straw are adopted on the arable land after above-mentioned g step seeding corn
Cover weeding system soil moisture conservation weeding；
After emergence of corn 9-11cm on i, the arable land described in above-mentioned h step, by the Bulbilus dioscoreae sowing obtained by step e；
Bulbilus dioscoreae described in j, above-mentioned i step is intercutted at maize seedling 23-27cm；
Bulbilus dioscoreae was emerged in 5-10 days after k, above-mentioned j step operation and inspect, according to the situation of inspecting, or artificial reaming carries Seedling, or mends
Broadcast；
After l, above-mentioned i step Rhizoma Dioscoreae get rid of tendril, artificial reason tendril seeks connections with milpa；
M, when carrying out above-mentioned l step operation 25-40d, long Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril is drawn to close milpa and seeks connections with；
If pest and disease damage and will spray preventing and treating in the tendril described in n, above-mentioned m step in good time；
After alabastrum in tendril described in o, above-mentioned m step, the soil of potassium deficiency will spray potash fertilizer or nutrition regulating agent；
Semen Maydiss harvesting described in p, above-mentioned g step will be taken and manually break receipts ear of maize mode；
After tendril described in q, above-mentioned m step is completely withered, you can excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant；
After r, step q tendril are completely withered, before excavation Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant, tendril and corn straw are together harvested；
S, the young plant that above-mentioned q step is harvested carry out staged care, and entrance standard completes a business transaction storehouse storage.
2. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is not it is characterised in that conform to the mistake of level in step b
Little Bulbilus dioscoreae is used for nursing young plants in hothouses, and excessive Bulbilus dioscoreae is used as special breeding or is processed into food.
3. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that every plant of Semen Maydiss two in step i
Side is spaced the Bulbilus dioscoreae obtained by 25cm sows 4 steps e.
4. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step r tendril and corn stalk
The picking methods of stalk are that corn straw and Rhizoma Dioscoreae tendril are gathered in chopping and returning by mechanization.
5. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that adopting of step q Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant
Excavation formula is artificial harvesting or machine deep ploughing harvesting.
6. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described machine deep ploughing is adopted
Receive ploughed depth more than 40cm.
7. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that adopting of step q Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant
Digging 10 days after frost time can start, and complete, or Second Year teds and completes during soil before frozen soil.
8. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that at classification described in step s
Reason is：The young plant that Bulbilus dioscoreae is bred as divides three-level management, that is,：
One-level kind is planted:Girth diameter >=3.0cm, 80g≤weight ＜ 110g, cleanliness >=90%, plumpness >=90%；
Two grades of kinds are planted:2.0≤girth diameter ＜ 3.0cm, 60g≤weight ＜ 80g, 80%≤cleanliness ＜ 90%, 80≤plumpness ＜ 90%；
Three-level kind is planted:1.0cm≤girth diameter ＜ 2.0cm, 40g≤weight ＜ 60g, 70%≤cleanliness ＜ 80%, 70%≤plumpness ＜
80%；Remaining is not conform to a grade product；
Do not conform to excessive Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight >=110g, use as the regional special requirement that cools of early spring arid；
Do not conform to too small Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant in grade product, weight ＜ 40g, as greenhouse production, or use in preferable water and fertilizer condition plot,
Or use as secondary nursery.
9. before the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that store after the harvesting of step s
Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant to be tedded.
10. the extensive breeding method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae young plant according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that Rhizoma Dioscoreae described in step s
Young plant needs to be stored in storage temperature 2-8 DEG C, the clean environment of relative humidity 85-93%.
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| CN105010148A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-04 | 江西瑞富生物科技有限公司 | Grading standard establishment method for dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings and transplanting method adopting grading standard of dendrobium candidum tissue culture seedlings |
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