CN104770153B - The inoculation method that Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize - Google Patents

The inoculation method that Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize Download PDF

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CN104770153B
CN104770153B CN201510125295.XA CN201510125295A CN104770153B CN 104770153 B CN104770153 B CN 104770153B CN 201510125295 A CN201510125295 A CN 201510125295A CN 104770153 B CN104770153 B CN 104770153B
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chinese yam
corn
interplanted
support
furrow
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CN104770153A (en
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华树妹
陈芝华
李丽红
雷伏贵
贺佩珍
曹奕鸯
叶炜
周建金
江金兰
李永清
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Sanming agricultural science research institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G2013/008—Protecting plants using straw

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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the inoculation method that a kind of Chinese yam and early ripening maize are interplanted, it includes the following step carried out successively：A. site preparation makes preparations for sowing：Sandy loam or sandy soil plot are selected, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, sterilization processing is carried out before Chinese yam sowing；B. sow：The corn seedling cultivated is implanted on the both sides inclined-plane of furrow；April, pretreated Chinese yam stem section was seeded in the middle of furrow face by early and middle ten dayses；C. manage：Pour once permeable before Chinese yam is sowed, composite fertilizer is applied during corn growth twice, vertical stand is propped up in the middle of furrow face；D. harvesting corn：Harvest maize straw residue mulching furrow face after corn, harvest mid-June；E. topdress：To Chinese yam Zai Shi composite fertilizers twice, timely earthing after applying.The present invention improves effective use of land rate using Chinese yam and precocious corn Cultivation Patterns of Interplanting, and straw refuse can promote the formation of soil granular structure, effectively improve soil texture, and exposed soil surface is washed away while mitigating rainwater.

Description

The inoculation method that Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inoculation method of Chinese yam, the cultivation side that a kind of Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize is particularly related to Method.
Background technology
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) belongs to Dioscoreaceae (Dioseoreaceae.) Dioscorea (Dioscorea L.), is annual or perennial winding tendril herbaceous species plant.Due to Chinese yam have concurrently it is higher edible and Medical value, national health service consciousness increasingly it is enhanced instantly, yam planting area has in the trend that expands year by year in China, plants The economic benefit for planting Chinese yam is also increasingly apparent, turns into a bright spot of many local increasing peasant income at present.
But Railway Project is at the same time also occurred in that, first, in south because plantation Chinese yam early stage potato wedge sprouts slower, from Sprout to be unearthed to seedling under Chinese yam potato wedge and substantially need 40~50d, cauline leaf growth early stage 20d or so, in soil this period Photosynthetic utilization rate is not high, and soil wastes serious with space resources.Second, because the whole growth period of Chinese yam is very long, particularly existing Chinese yam climbs the substantial amounts of liquid manure supply of rattan phase needs, but under summer high temperature burning sun, the naked solarization of soil causes soil hardening, soil physical chemistry Property deterioration makes liquid manure supply not enough influence growth and yield.Third, because yam cultivation is by soil-borne disease and high wind weather Influence, conventionally employed bamboo pole draws rattan cultivation, often due to when the easy lodging of wind loading rating difference and recycling bamboo pole, bamboo pole sterilization It is difficult and carry soil-borne disease bacterium and influence Chinese yam to grow and yield.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides the inoculation method that a kind of Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize, to overcome existing Chinese yam inoculation method to deposit Soil photosynthetic utilization rate it is low, soil it is naked solarization cause soil hardening make liquid manure supply not enough and influence growth and yield, bamboo pole Draw rattan cultivation wind loading rating difference and bamboo pole sterilization is difficult and the problems such as inconvenience recycling.
The yam variety " bright Huaihe River 2 " that the present invention is used is by the academy of agricultural sciences's seed selection of Sanming, Fujian Province city（It is pending）Precocious corn Kind is by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences's seed selection（Authorizing numbering is：Jade 2006025 is examined in Tianjin）.
The present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The inoculation method that Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize, including the following step carried out successively：
A. site preparation makes preparations for sowing：Sandy loam or sandy soil plot are selected, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, furrow ditch is wide by 130~ 140cm, furrow high 35~40cm, organic fertilizer 150kg/666.7m2, composite fertilizer 50kg/666.7m2Make base manure；Before Chinese yam is sowed 15~25 days, by Chinese yam segment, every section of a length of 5~8cm of Chinese yam stem section, weight were 40~60 grams, and the section coating of every section of Chinese yam disappears Pulverized limestone, sunlight with drying 2~6 days；
B. sow：The corn seedling cultivated is implanted on the both sides inclined-plane of furrow；Wait until that April, early and middle ten dayses temperature went back up to 12 More than DEG C, when ground temperature stably reaches more than 10 DEG C, pretreated Chinese yam stem section is seeded in the middle of furrow face, spacing in the rows 10~ 12cm；
C. manage：Poured once before Chinese yam is sowed it is permeable after, do not rewatered after field planting earthing, now water management it is main with Corn growth requirement is met to be defined；Composite fertilizer is applied during corn growth twice, for the first time in corn vigorous period, is existed for the second time At corn heading stage, spread manuer in holes 20~40kg/666.7m of composite fertilizer every time2；Vertical stand is propped up in the middle of furrow face, Chinese yam vines depend on vertical Frame；
D. harvesting corn：Harvest maize straw residue mulching furrow face after corn, harvest mid-June, and keep soil to see and dry see wet State；
E. topdress：After harvesting corn Chinese yam Zhi Xuzaishi composite fertilizers twice, for the first time by the end of June at the beginning of 7 months, second In or so early August, each 15~25kg/666.7m of ditch spread2, timely earthing after applying.
In cultivation, if there is insect pest in corn：At the initial stage of discovery, 1000 times of 0.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of corn borer 2500 times of liquid or 5% flufenoxuron missible oil fill volume lobus cardiacus or tassel；Thrips, aphid, red spider, are added using 5% imidacloprid, 2000 times of liquid 1% 2000 times of AVM liquid carries out foliage-spray.
In cultivation, if there is insect pest in Chinese yam：At the initial stage of a disease, the aerial part of Chinese yam with 80% first support 2000 500 times of liquid of Mancozeb that times liquid adds 70%, were sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times；The underground part insect of Chinese yam is mainly Grub, 1 is pressed with 50% phoxim:15 proportionings are watered, then admix ashes, spread fertilizer over the fields the furrow face in rhizosphere, and ridging immediately buries tight, with After water.
Interplanting corn early stage answers diligent tillage and weeding, is manually weeded out the rank grass after after corn harvesting.
After to have dug gutter after corn harvesting, water logging damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging is prevented.
After the beginning of autumn, if meeting autumn drought, flood should be filled once.
Stand described in step c includes column, support and draws rattan line, and support is set up on two columns, and this draws rattan line and hung from above In on the support, rattan line is drawn in the surface at the position of furrow face sowing Chinese yam seed to that should have；The two ends of support are also solid respectively Surely horizontal stripe is provided with, horizontal stripe is substantially vertical with support and horizontal stripe extends generally in a horizontal direction；Set up between the horizontal stripe at support two ends There is shade supporting wire, shade supporting wire is almost parallel with support.The column bottom is also equipped with pile, and pile is inserted in soil.It is described Column top is fixed with reinforcing pipe, and one end of the reinforcing pipe is fixedly connected with the support.More specifically, the length of column Substantially 2 meters, draw that rattan line is slightly shorter than the length of column, support, substantially 3 meters of the length of shade supporting wire, the length of horizontal stripe is substantially 0.5 meter, substantially 0.9 meter of the length of pile.Each tie point of stand is fixed using auger screw.
From the above-mentioned description of this invention, compared to the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：The present invention is used Chinese yam and precocious corn Cultivation Patterns of Interplanting, with reference to Chinese yam and the growth characteristics of corn itself, pass through section in implementation process Rational Cultivate administration is learned, effective use of land rate increasing both production and income is not only improved, due also to farming is operated after early stage interplanting corn Reinforcement, save Chinese yam administration fee, the supply of Chinese yam liquid manure is also more abundant in time.Using covering after precocious corn harvest Maize straw and Zhi Li brandreth cultivation modes, make straw refuse reach reasonable utilization, promote environment harmonious, corn stalk after covering Straw waste adds Soil Humus content after being decomposed through geobiont, promote the formation of soil granular structure, reduction The soil weight, raising soil porosity, effectively improve soil texture.Covering can mitigate rainwater and exposed soil surface is washed away simultaneously And cause structural damage, it is to avoid the hardened cracking of table soil caused by solar exposure, also the long period maintain soil and well tie Structure.In addition, the measure of covering maize straw also has good cooling cushioning effect to the growth of megathermal period Chinese yam.Pass through Zhi Litie Frame, which avoids strong wind from lodging and reduce virus infection chance, makes Chinese yam give stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cultivation distribution schematic diagram on furrow.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The meter Ma Sha towns of Nan Ping Jianyang area height above sea level 190 area is taken as cultural area, average annual 18.1 DEG C of temperature, yam cultivation Season per 20.8 DEG C of monthly mean temperature, average 322 days frost-free periods, year sunshine 1802 hours, averagely monthly day in yam cultivation season According to 167 hours, annual rainfall 1742mm, yam cultivation season month rainfall 186.2mm.
The inoculation method that the Chinese yam of the present invention is interplanted with early ripening maize, including the following step carried out successively：
A. site preparation makes preparations for sowing：The sandy loam or sandy land for selecting continuous 3 years not plant tuber crops or rice field-upland field rotation 1~2 year Block, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, the wide 130~140cm of furrow ditch, furrow high 35~40cm, organic fertilizer 150kg/666.7m2、 Composite fertilizer 50kg/666.7m2Make base manure；Sowed first 20 days or so in Chinese yam, by Chinese yam segment, every section of Chinese yam stem section a length of 5~ 8cm, weigh about 50 grams, the section coating slaked lime powder of every section of Chinese yam, sunlight with drying 3 days, to sterilize and stratification；
B. sow：Reference picture 1, the corn seedling 1 cultivated is implanted on the both sides inclined-plane of furrow 2；Wait until early and middle ten dayses gas in April Temperature goes back up to more than 12 DEG C, when ground temperature stably reaches more than 10 DEG C, and pretreated Chinese yam stem section 3 is seeded in the middle of furrow face, 10~12cm of spacing in the rows, about 4000 plants/666.7m of density2；
C. manage：Interplanting corn early stage answers diligent tillage and weeding, and because 3~May is mostly rainy season, one is poured before Chinese yam is sowed It is secondary it is permeable after, field planting earthing after do not rewater, now water management is mainly defined by meeting corn growth requirement；Corn growing season Twice, for the first time in corn vigorous period, for the second time at corn heading stage, spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 30kg/ every time for Jian Shi composite fertilizers 666.7m2；Vertical stand 4 is propped up in the middle of furrow face, Chinese yam vines depend on stand 4；
D. harvesting corn：Mid-June harvests corn, after corn harvesting after manually weed out the rank grass, and will harvest after corn stalk Stalk cover furrow face, and keep soil see it is dry see wet state, while to have dug gutter, prevent water logging damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging；After the beginning of autumn, such as Flood can be filled once by meeting autumn drought, anti-early ageing, extend blade function, and increase stem tuber expands speed；
E. topdress：Early stage during corn growth due to having applied fertilizer twice, and the growing nutrient demand of Chinese yam early stage is main From stem section, after harvesting corn Chinese yam Zhi Xuzaishi composite fertilizers twice, by the end of June, at the beginning of 7 months, second in August for the first time Or so the first tenday period of a month, each ditch spread 20kg/666.7m2, timely earthing after applying.
In cultivation, if there is insect pest in corn：At the initial stage of discovery, 1000 times of 0.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of corn borer 2500 times of liquid or 5% flufenoxuron missible oil fill volume lobus cardiacus or tassel；Thrips, aphid, red spider, are added using 5% imidacloprid, 2000 times of liquid 1% 2000 times of AVM liquid carries out foliage-spray.
In cultivation, if there is insect pest in Chinese yam：At the initial stage of a disease, the aerial part of Chinese yam with 80% first support 2000 500 times of liquid of Mancozeb that times liquid adds 70%, were sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times；The underground part insect of Chinese yam is mainly Grub, 1 is pressed with 50% phoxim:15 proportionings are watered, then admix ashes, spread fertilizer over the fields the furrow face in rhizosphere, and ridging immediately buries tight, with After water.
In addition, reference picture 1, the stand 4 described in step c includes column 41, support 42 and draws rattan line 43, support 42 is set up In on two columns 41, this draws rattan line 43 and hung on the support 42, and the surface at the position of furrow face sowing Chinese yam seed is corresponded to Have and draw rattan line 43；The two ends of support 42 are also fixed with horizontal stripe 44 respectively, and horizontal stripe 44 is substantially vertical with support 42 and horizontal stripe 44 Extend generally in a horizontal direction；Being set up between the horizontal stripe 44 at the two ends of support 42 has shade supporting wire 45, and shade supporting wire 45 and support 42 are substantially It is parallel.The bottom of column 41 is also equipped with pile 46, and pile 46 is inserted in soil.The top of column 41, which is fixed with, to be added Gu pipe 47, one end of the reinforcing pipe 47 is fixedly connected with the support 42.More specifically, substantially 2 meters of the length of column 41, Draw rattan line 43 slightly shorter than the length of column 41, support 42, substantially 3 meters of the length of shade supporting wire 45, the length of horizontal stripe 44 is substantially 0.5 meter, substantially 0.9 meter of the length of pile 46.
After the present embodiment method cultivation Chinese yam, in this area, generally corn is transplanted in mid-March, Chinese yam 4 The first tenday period of a month moon sow, and are generally 30~35 days with the corn symbiosis phase from timing Chinese yam after Chinese yam budding, the symbiosis phase is short, Chinese yam and corn Competitive relation it is smaller.It is experimentally confirmed：Chinese yam and corn are cultivated using this method, the per mu yield of Chinese yam compared with traditional net kind Measure as 2255.4kg, yield increased increase about 9.2%；Corn per mu yield is 416.6kg, cultivates phase with traditional corn substantially When.Anti-strong wind lodging ability is remarkably reinforced during cultivation, and Chinese yam soil-borne disease substantially mitigates.
Repeat one cultural method of embodiment five times（Cell repeats to test, plot area 33.4m2）, cell Chinese yam yield（Folding Into per mu yield）Respectively 2265kg, 2228kg, 2280kg, 2256kg, 2248kg；Corn yield（It is converted into per mu yield）Respectively 419kg, 413kg, 422kg, 412kg, 417kg, therefore explanation the inventive method makes Chinese yam and maize culture to realize stabilization Sustainable high yield.
Embodiment two：
The meter Lang Kou towns of Sanming City Sha County height above sea level 120 area is taken as cultural area, average annual 19.4 DEG C of temperature, yam cultivation season Section is per 21.6 DEG C of monthly mean temperature, average 300 days frost-free periods, year sunshine 1612 hours, yam cultivation season averagely monthly sunshine 145 hours, average annual rainfall 1620mm, yam cultivation season month rainfall 139mm.
Cultivated using the method for the present invention：
A, site preparation make preparations for sowing：The sandy loam or sandy land for selecting continuous 3 years not plant tuber crops or rice field-upland field rotation 1~2 year Block, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, the wide 130~140cm of furrow ditch, furrow high 35~40cm, organic fertilizer 150kg/666.7m2, Composite fertilizer 50kg/666.7m2Make base manure；First 25 days or so under potato kind, disease-free potato seed is selected, 5~8cm length, every piece is cut into 60 grams are weighed about, section is dipped in slaked lime powder, be placed under the sun and dry 2 days, with sterilization and stratification.
B, sowing：The corn seedling cultivated can be both implanted in furrow side by mid-March behind whole good ground.Mid-April, temperature went up To more than 12 DEG C, when ground temperature stably reaches more than 10 DEG C, pretreated Chinese yam stem section is seeded in furrow face, spacing in the rows 10~ 12cm, about 4000 plants/666.7m of density2。
C, weeding are watered：Interplanting corn early stage answers diligent tillage and weeding, after artificial work after corn harvesting Chinese yam vines upper semi-frame Weed out the rank grass.Due to 3~May mostly be rainy season, typically poured once before Chinese yam is sowed it is permeable after, field planting earthing after no longer pour Water, now water management is mainly defined by meeting corn growth requirement, after corn harvesting Chinese yam vines go up semi-frame namely Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period can increase water, notice that keeping soil to see dry sees wet state.Gutter has been dug simultaneously, has been prevented Sealing floods damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.After the beginning of autumn, in case of autumn drought can fill flood once, anti-early ageing extends blade function, and increase stem tuber expands speed Degree.
D, topdress：Composite fertilizer is applied during corn growth twice, for the first time in corn vigorous period, is taken out for the second time in corn Ear period, spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 40kg/666.7m every time2；Early stage during corn growth due to having applied fertilizer twice, and Chinese yam early stage Growing nutrient demand essentially from stem section, after harvesting corn Chinese yam Zhi Xuzaishi composite fertilizers twice, for the first time by the end of June to 7 The beginning of the month, for the second time in or so early August, each ditch spread 20kg/666.7 m2, timely earthing after applying.
E, stand：The vertical brandreth of branch, detail is shown in brief description of the drawings.
F, covering：Harvest maize straw residue mulching furrow face after corn, harvest mid-June.
G, disease control：The insect pest of corn is mainly corn borer, thrips, aphid, red spider etc., at the initial stage of discovery, corn Snout moth's larva fills volume lobus cardiacus or tassel with 2500 times of 0.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 5% flufenoxuron missible oil；Thrips, aphid, red spider Spider, adds 1% AVM, 2000 times of liquid to carry out foliage-spray to carry out medical treatment using 5% imidacloprid, 2000 times of liquid.Chinese yam Overground part disease is mainly anthracnose, brown spot, the Mancozeb 500 that early stage adds 70% with 80% 2000 times of liquid of first support Times liquid, was sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times；The underground part insect of Chinese yam is mainly grub, is pressed with 50% phoxim 1:15 proportionings are watered, then admix ashes, spread fertilizer over the fields the furrow face in rhizosphere, and ridging immediately buries tight, then waters.
After the present embodiment method cultivation Chinese yam, in this area, generally corn is transplanted in mid-March, Chinese yam 4 The middle of the month sows, and is generally 20~30 days with the corn symbiosis phase from timing Chinese yam after Chinese yam budding, the symbiosis phase is shorter, Chinese yam and jade The competitive relation of rice is smaller.It is experimentally confirmed：Chinese yam and corn are cultivated using this method, the mu of Chinese yam compared with traditional net kind Yield is 2315.6kg, yield increased increase about 7%；Corn per mu yield is 428.5kg, cultivates phase with traditional corn substantially When.Anti-strong wind lodging ability is remarkably reinforced during cultivation, and Chinese yam soil-borne disease substantially mitigates.
Repeat two cultural method of embodiment five times（Cell repeats to test, plot area 33.4m2）, cell Chinese yam yield（Folding Into per mu yield）Respectively 2324kg, 2288kg, 2340kg, 2318kg, 2308kg；Corn yield（It is converted into per mu yield）Respectively 431kg, 425kg, 434kg, 423kg, 429kg, therefore explanation the inventive method makes Chinese yam and maize culture to realize stabilization Sustainable high yield.
Embodiment three：
The area of town near a river of 200 meters of Longyan Shanghang County height above sea level is taken as cultural area, average annual 19.8 DEG C of temperature, yam cultivation Season per 22.4 DEG C of monthly mean temperature, average 277 days frost-free periods, year sunshine 1801 hours, averagely monthly day in yam cultivation season According to 159 hours, average annual rainfall 1646mm, yam cultivation season month rainfall 145.9mm.
Cultivated using the method for the present invention：
A, site preparation make preparations for sowing：The sandy loam or sandy land for selecting continuous 3 years not plant tuber crops or rice field-upland field rotation 1~2 year Block, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, the wide 130~140cm of furrow ditch, furrow high 35~40cm, organic fertilizer 150kg/666.7m2, Composite fertilizer 50kg/666.7m2Make base manure；First 25 days or so under potato kind, disease-free potato seed is selected, 5~8cm length, every piece is cut into 40 grams are weighed about, section is dipped in slaked lime powder, be placed under the sun and dry 6 days, with sterilization and stratification.
B, sowing：The corn seedling cultivated can be both implanted in furrow side by mid-March behind whole good ground.Mid-April, temperature went up To more than 12 DEG C, when ground temperature stably reaches more than 10 DEG C, pretreated Chinese yam stem section is seeded in furrow face, spacing in the rows 10~ 12cm, about 4000 plants/666.7m of density2。
C, weeding are watered：Interplanting corn early stage answers diligent tillage and weeding, after artificial work after corn harvesting Chinese yam vines upper semi-frame Weed out the rank grass.Due to 3~May mostly be rainy season, typically poured once before Chinese yam is sowed it is permeable after, field planting earthing after no longer pour Water, now water management is mainly defined by meeting corn growth requirement, after corn harvesting Chinese yam vines go up semi-frame namely Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period can increase water, notice that keeping soil to see dry sees wet state.Gutter has been dug simultaneously, has been prevented Sealing floods damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging.After the beginning of autumn, in case of autumn drought can fill flood once, anti-early ageing extends blade function, and increase stem tuber expands speed Degree.
D, topdress：Composite fertilizer is applied during corn growth twice, for the first time in corn vigorous period, is taken out for the second time in corn Ear period, spread manuer in holes composite fertilizer 20kg/666.7m every time2；Early stage during corn growth due to having applied fertilizer twice, and Chinese yam early stage Growing nutrient demand essentially from stem section, after harvesting corn Chinese yam Zhi Xuzaishi composite fertilizers twice, for the first time by the end of June to 7 The beginning of the month, for the second time in or so early August, each ditch spread 25kg/666.7 m2, timely earthing after applying.
E, stand：The vertical brandreth of branch, detail is shown in brief description of the drawings.
F, covering：Harvest maize straw residue mulching furrow face after corn, harvest mid-June.
G, disease control：The insect pest of corn is mainly corn borer, thrips, aphid, red spider etc., at the initial stage of a disease, corn Snout moth's larva fills volume lobus cardiacus or tassel with 2500 times of 0.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 5% flufenoxuron missible oil；Thrips, aphid, red spider Spider, adds 1% AVM, 2000 times of liquid to carry out foliage-spray to carry out medical treatment using 5% imidacloprid, 2000 times of liquid.Chinese yam Overground part disease is mainly anthracnose, brown spot, the Mancozeb 500 that early stage adds 70% with 80% 2000 times of liquid of first support Times liquid, was sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times；The underground part insect of Chinese yam is mainly grub, is pressed with 50% phoxim 1:15 proportionings are watered, then admix ashes, spread fertilizer over the fields the furrow face in rhizosphere, and ridging immediately buries tight, then waters.
After the present embodiment method cultivation Chinese yam, in this area, generally corn is transplanted in mid-March, Chinese yam 4 The first tenday period of a month moon sow, and are generally 30~40 days with the corn symbiosis phase from timing Chinese yam after Chinese yam budding, the symbiosis phase is shorter, Chinese yam and jade The competitive relation of rice is smaller.It is experimentally confirmed：Chinese yam and corn are cultivated using this method, the mu of Chinese yam compared with traditional net kind Yield is 2278.2kg, yield increased increase about 7.5%；Corn per mu yield is 421.4kg, is cultivated substantially with traditional corn Quite.Anti-strong wind lodging ability is remarkably reinforced during cultivation, and Chinese yam soil-borne disease substantially mitigates.
Repeat three cultural method of embodiment five times（Cell repeats to test, plot area 33.4m2）, cell Chinese yam yield（Folding Into per mu yield）Respectively 2286kg, 2250kg, 2302kg, 2280kg, 2273kg；Corn yield（It is converted into per mu yield）Respectively 424kg, 418kg, 427kg, 416kg, 422kg, therefore explanation the inventive method makes Chinese yam and maize culture to realize stabilization Sustainable high yield.
As the further improvement to the method for the invention, later according to Chinese yam growing way combination insect pest preventing and controlling, blade face spray 0.5% urea and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate are applied, spray 1 time per 10d, continuous 2~3 times, to prevent plant early ageing from making Chinese yam Healthy growth, further ensures the high yield of Chinese yam.
To sum up data can be seen that is improving land utilization ratio additional income using cultural method of the present invention, also has simultaneously Effect improves the planting environment of Chinese yam, and reduction Chinese yam virosis infects probability, the high and stable yields of effective guarantee Chinese yam.
The embodiment of the present invention is above are only, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, it is all to utilize this Conceive the change that unsubstantiality is carried out to the present invention, the behavior for invading the scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.

Claims (7)

1. the inoculation method that Chinese yam is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that including the following step carried out successively：
A. site preparation makes preparations for sowing：Sandy loam or sandy soil plot are selected, in annual site preparation mid-March bedding, the wide 130~140cm of furrow ditch, furrow High 35~40cm, organic fertilizer 150kg/666.7m2, composite fertilizer 50kg/666.7m2Make base manure；Preceding 15~25 are sowed in Chinese yam My god, by Chinese yam segment, every section of a length of 5~8cm of Chinese yam stem section, weight are 40~60 grams, the section coating slaked lime powder of every section of Chinese yam, Sunlight with drying 2~6 days, yam variety selects " the bright Huaihe River 2 " of Sanming City, Fujian Province academy of agricultural sciences；
B. sow：The corn seedling cultivated is implanted on the both sides inclined-plane of furrow by mid-March, and corn variety selects the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sweet corn variety, its authorize numbering be Tianjin examine jade 2006025；Wait until that April, early and middle ten dayses temperature went back up to more than 12 DEG C, ground temperature is steady When reaching more than 10 DEG C surely, pretreated Chinese yam stem section is seeded in the middle of furrow face, 10~12cm of spacing in the rows；
C. manage：Poured once before Chinese yam is sowed it is permeable after, do not rewatered after field planting earthing, now water management is main to meet Corn growth requirement is defined；Composite fertilizer is applied during corn growth twice, for the first time in corn vigorous period, second in corn At heading stage, spread manuer in holes 20~40kg/666.7m of composite fertilizer every time2；Vertical stand is propped up in the middle of furrow face, Chinese yam vines depend on stand；
D. harvesting corn：Harvest maize straw residue mulching furrow face after corn, harvest mid-June, and keep soil to see and dry see wet shape State；
E. topdress：After harvesting corn to Chinese yam Zai Shi composite fertilizers twice, for the first time by the end of June or at the beginning of 7 months, second in August The first tenday period of a month, each 15~25kg/666.7m of ditch spread2, timely earthing after applying；
In cultivation, if there is insect pest in corn：At the initial stage of discovery, corn borer with 0.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 5% 2500 times of flufenoxuron missible oil fills volume lobus cardiacus or tassel；Thrips, aphid, red spider, using 5% imidacloprid, 2000 times of liquid add 1% Ah Tie up 2000 times of liquid of rhzomorph and carry out foliage-spray；In cultivation, if there is insect pest in Chinese yam：At the initial stage of a disease, the ground of Chinese yam 500 times of liquid of Mancozeb that part adds 70% with 80% 2000 times of liquid of first support, were sprayed once every 7 days, even spray 2~3 times；Mountain When the underground part insect of medicine is grub, with 50% phoxim 1:15 proportionings are watered, then admix ashes, spread fertilizer over the fields the furrow face in rhizosphere, and Ridging immediately buries tight, then waters.
2. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 1 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：Interplanting corn early stage should Diligent tillage and weeding, manually weeds out the rank grass after after corn harvesting.
3. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 1 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：Wanted after after corn harvesting Gutter has been dug, water logging damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging is prevented.
4. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 1 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：After the beginning of autumn, if meeting Autumn drought, then should fill flood once.
5. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 1 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：Stood described in step c Frame includes column, support and draws rattan line, and support is set up on two columns, and this draws rattan line and hung on the support；The two ends of support Horizontal stripe is also fixed with respectively, and horizontal stripe is substantially vertical with support and horizontal stripe extends generally in a horizontal direction；The horizontal stripe at support two ends Between set up have shade supporting wire, shade supporting wire is almost parallel with support.
6. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 5 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：The column bottom is also Pile is equipped with, pile is inserted in soil.
7. the inoculation method that Chinese yam as claimed in claim 5 is interplanted with early ripening maize, it is characterised in that：The column top is consolidated Surely reinforcing pipe is provided with, one end of the reinforcing pipe is fixedly connected with the support.
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