CN113207592A - Cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam - Google Patents
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- 235000006536 Dioscorea esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 244000046095 Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- 235000005072 Vigna sesquipedalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000005755 Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 potassium sulfate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The invention discloses a cultivating method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam, which comprises the steps of land preparation, sowing, management and harvesting. According to the invention, an interplanting cultivation mode of Chinese yam and asparagus bean is adopted, the growth characteristics of Chinese yam and asparagus bean are combined, and scientific and reasonable planting management is adopted in the implementation process, so that the effective utilization rate of land is improved, the yield is increased, the income is increased, and the labor and the cost are saved for one dual-purpose frame.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam.
Background
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) is an annual or perennial vine-winding plant of Dioscorea of Dioscoreaceae, and is a medicinal and edible commercial crop. The southern Chinese yam is mostly cultivated by cutting potato blocks into sections, the germination of the potato blocks is slow, the potato blocks generally germinate in the middle ten days of 5 months in the early and late 4 months, and the climbing period of the Chinese yam needs 20-30 days; therefore, the photosynthetic utilization rate of the land is not high in the period from 4 months to 6 months.
The asparagus bean is also called a long bean, a belt bean and a skirt belt bean, is an annual vine winding plant of leguminous cowpea, and is an important leguminous economic crop. Spring cultivation of asparagus bean is generally completed in the early 3 months by sowing and in the early 6 months by harvesting.
Therefore, the cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam is provided, the problems of low land utilization rate, high production cost, low economic benefit and the like of the conventional cultivation method for Chinese yam are solved, and the problems to be solved by technical personnel in the field are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides the cultivating method for interplanting the asparagus beans with the Chinese yam, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of land and photo-thermal resources, improve the yield per unit area, save labor and cost and have obvious economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting sandy loam land blocks with paddy and dry rotation, preparing soil in the middle and late ten days of 2 months each year, ridging and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 90-100cm, the ridge width is 40cm, and the ridge height is 35-40 cm; applying 800-1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
(2) sowing: before sowing, dressing seeds with a seed dressing agent accounting for 3% of the weight of the seeds, sowing cowpeas on one side of a ridge in the last ten days of 3 months, sowing one row in each ridge, 3-4 seeds in each hole, wherein the clump distance is 25cm, and planting 1500-2000 clumps per mu; immediately watering enough planting water after sowing; a black-and-white mulching film is covered, so that the heat preservation and soil moisture preservation can be realized, the growth of plants can be promoted, and the weeds can be effectively prevented and controlled; cutting Chinese yam into sections as Chinese yam seed potatoes in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, weighing 40-60 g, adhering slaked lime powder on the sections, airing in the sun for 2-6 days, and collecting the wound for later use; the temperature of the treated yam seeds rises to above 12 ℃ in the middle ten days of 4 months, and when the ground temperature is stabilized to above 10 ℃, the yam seeds are sowed on the other side of the ridge opposite to the long cowpea, the row spacing is 15-20 cm, and 2000-3000 yams are planted per mu;
(3) managing
A. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the asparagus bean has drought resistance and is afraid of water accumulation, drainage work needs to be done, the root growth is promoted mainly by the base fertilizer in the early growth stage to form a developed root system, the pod-bearing fertilizer is additionally applied in the later stage, and the harvesting period is prolonged; after the cowpea is fertilized for the first time, 20-30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of field after the inflorescence is subjected to fruit setting, and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each harvest twice later; after cowpea harvesting, dressing the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer twice on the Chinese yam, wherein 15-25 kg/666.7m2 is applied in shallow ditches each time from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months for the first time and ten days before 8 months for the second time, and soil is covered in time after application;
B. drawing vines to build a frame: after the asparagus bean is sowed, when 5-6 true leaves grow, erecting and guiding vines in the middle of ridges; redundant lateral vines are removed during vine guiding, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the main vines is promoted; pinching is carried out in time when the main vines grow to 1.5-2 m, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, and the yield of the asparagus beans can be improved by utilizing the lateral branch fruiting; after the cowpea harvesting is finished, cutting off vines at the base part by using a sickle to naturally dry the cowpea, and growing the vines of the Chinese yam to fill the vines;
(4) harvesting: the harvest of the asparagus beans in the middle ten days of 6 months is finished, and the vines of the asparagus beans naturally dry down to the ridge surface after being harvested, so that the surface layer fertility of the soil can be improved, and the water retention capacity of the surface layer soil is favorably maintained; and (5) finishing harvesting the Chinese yam before 12 months, and selling the Chinese yam on the market.
Further, the seed dressing agent in the step (2) is 50% carbendazim wettable powder.
Furthermore, the asparagus bean varieties are early-maturing asparagus bean varieties such as Tianxi asparagus bean, Hubei cowpea No. 2 and the like; the yam variety is Ansha large-leaf yam and is selected from the Yongan local variety of the Fujian by the units such as the crop research institute of agricultural academy of sciences of the Fujian province and the like.
After cowpea intercropping, because seasonal rainwater is more in the early stage, drainage work needs to be done in time to prevent flooding damage; after autumn comes, if drought occurs in autumn, the water should be filled for one to two times to promote the expansion of the yam tuber.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the cultivation method for interplanting the Chinese yam and the asparagus bean is provided, the cultivation mode for interplanting the Chinese yam and the asparagus bean is adopted, the growth characteristics of the Chinese yam and the asparagus bean are combined, and scientific and reasonable planting management is performed in the implementation process, so that the effective utilization rate of land is improved, the yield is increased, the income is increased, and the purposes of saving labor and cost for one frame are achieved.
The yam is generally planted in 4 months to 12 months and harvested, and the growth cycle is long; the asparagus bean is generally planted in spring from 3 months to 6 months, and the harvest is completed, so that the growth period is short; the two have better complementarity in growth period and space utilization rate; the two economic crops are both vines and are required to be cultivated by building frames, so that the dual purposes of one frame can be realized, and the production cost is reduced; the asparagus bean is a leguminous crop, has the functions of nitrogen fixation and soil fertility, and can effectively improve the yield of the Chinese yam. Therefore, the interplanting of the Chinese yam and the asparagus bean is a cultivation mode which improves the land utilization rate and realizes better yield increase.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of cultivation distribution on ridges for interplanting Chinese yam and asparagus bean in embodiment 1 of the invention;
wherein, the frame building mode is a crossing frame building mode; ② asparagus bean; ③ Chinese yam seedlings; fourthly, ridging; width of ridge; sixthly, the ridge is wide; seventh, the frame is high;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of cultivation distribution on ridges for interplanting Chinese yam and asparagus bean in embodiment 2 of the invention;
wherein, the frame erecting mode is to erect the frame; ② asparagus bean; ③ Chinese yam seedlings; fourthly, ridging; width of ridge; sixthly, the ridge is wide; and the shelf height is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The organic fertilizer is purchased from a Yongan Cao Yuanzhen green forest organic fertilizer plant; the compound fertilizer is purchased from Fujian Zhengzheng and fertilizer Co Ltd; the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is purchased from Jiangsu Lanfeng biochemical engineering Co., Ltd; the black-white mulching film is purchased from European and agricultural film processing factories in the same safety area of mansion.
Example 1
A cultivation method for interplanting Changxi Changcowpea with rhizoma Dioscoreae (Ansha Dayeshu) comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting a land block with sandy loam and paddy-upland rotation, preparing soil in the middle ten days of 2 months every year, ridging and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 100cm, the ridge width is 40cm, and the ridge height is 35 cm; applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 50kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer simultaneously;
(2) sowing: before sowing, dressing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 3% of the weight of the seeds, sowing cowpeas on one side of a ridge in the last ten days of 3 months, sowing one row in each ridge, 3-4 seeds in each hole, planting 2000 clusters in each mu at a cluster distance of 25 cm; immediately watering enough planting water after sowing; a black-and-white mulching film is covered, so that the heat preservation and soil moisture preservation can be realized, the growth of plants can be promoted, and the weeds can be effectively prevented and controlled; cutting Chinese yam into sections in the middle ten days of 3 months to serve as Chinese yam seed potatoes, wherein the Chinese yam seeds are 40-60 g in weight, slaked lime powder is adhered to the sections, and the Chinese yam seeds are aired in sunlight for 5-6 days until wounds are dried for later use; the temperature of the treated yam seeds rises to above 12 ℃ in ten days of 4 months, and when the ground temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, the yam seeds are sowed on the other side of the ridge opposite to the long cowpea, the row spacing is 15cm, and 3000 plants are planted per mu;
(3) managing
A. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the asparagus bean has drought resistance and waterlogging fear, needs to be drained, and mainly depends on the substrate in the early growth stageFertilizer promotes the growth of root systems to form developed root systems, and podding fertilizer is additionally applied in the later period to prolong the harvesting period; after the cowpea is fertilized for the first time, 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of field after the inflorescence is subjected to fruit setting, and 15kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each harvesting and twice; after the cowpeas are harvested, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to the Chinese yam twice, the first time is from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second time is in ten days of 8 months, and 25kg/666.7m of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to shallow ditches each time2Covering soil in time after application;
B. drawing vines to build a frame: after the asparagus bean is sowed, 5-6 true leaves grow, cross-frame rattan guiding is started to be built in the middle of the ridge (shown in figure 1), and the frame height is about 1.8-2.0 m; redundant lateral vines are removed during vine guiding, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the main vines is promoted; pinching is carried out in time when the main vines grow to 1.5-2 m, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, and the yield of the asparagus beans can be improved by utilizing the lateral branch fruiting; after the cowpea harvesting is finished, cutting off vines at the base part by using a sickle to naturally dry the cowpea, and growing the vines of the Chinese yam to fill the vines;
(4) harvesting: the harvest of the asparagus beans in the middle ten days of 6 months is finished, and the vines of the asparagus beans naturally dry down to the ridge surface after being harvested, so that the surface layer fertility of the soil can be improved, and the water retention capacity of the surface layer soil is favorably maintained; and (5) finishing harvesting the Chinese yam before 12 months, and selling the Chinese yam on the market.
Through measurement and calculation, the per mu yield of the Chinese yam is 3125kg, the selling price is 4.0 yuan/kg, and the per mu yield value is 12500 yuan; the yield per mu of the asparagus bean is 1350kg, the selling price is 5.0 yuan/kg, the yield per mu is 6750 yuan, the total yield per mu is 19250 yuan, and the economic benefit is considerable.
Example 2
A cultivation method for interplanting long cowpea (Hubei cowpea No. 2) with Chinese yam (Ansha big leaf potato) comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting a land block with sandy loam and paddy-upland rotation, preparing soil in the last ten days of each year for ridge forming and bed making, wherein the ridge width is 90cm, the bed width is 40cm, and the ridge height is 40 cm; applying 800kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 50kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer simultaneously;
(2) sowing: before sowing, dressing seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 3% of the weight of the seeds, sowing cowpeas on one side of a ridge in the last ten days of 3 months, sowing one row in each ridge, 3-4 seeds in each hole, planting 2000 clusters in each mu at a cluster distance of 25 cm; immediately watering enough planting water after sowing; a black-and-white mulching film is covered, so that the heat preservation and soil moisture preservation can be realized, the growth of plants can be promoted, and the weeds can be effectively prevented and controlled; cutting Chinese yam into sections in late 3 months to serve as Chinese yam seed potatoes, wherein the weight of the Chinese yam seed potatoes is 40-60 g, slaked lime powder is adhered to the sections, and the Chinese yam seeds are aired in sunlight for 3-5 days until wounds are dried for later use; after treatment, the temperature of the yam seeds rises to above 12 ℃ in the middle ten days of 4 months, and when the ground temperature is stabilized above 10 ℃, the yam seeds are sowed on the other side of the ridge opposite to the long cowpea, the row spacing is 20cm, and 2500 yam seeds are planted per mu;
(3) managing
A. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the asparagus bean has drought resistance and is afraid of water accumulation, drainage work needs to be done, the root growth is promoted mainly by the base fertilizer in the early growth stage to form a developed root system, the pod-bearing fertilizer is additionally applied in the later stage, and the harvesting period is prolonged; after the cowpea is fertilized for the first time, 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of field after the inflorescence is subjected to fruit setting, and 15kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each harvesting and twice; after the cowpeas are harvested, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to the Chinese yam twice, the first time is from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, the second time is in ten days of 8 months, and 20kg/666.7m of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to the shallow furrow each time2Covering soil in time after application;
B. drawing vines to build a frame: after the asparagus bean is sowed, 5-6 true leaves grow, erecting a vertical frame to guide vines (shown in figure 2) in the middle of ridges, and the frame height is about 1.8-2.0 m; redundant lateral vines are removed during vine guiding, so that the nutrient consumption is reduced, and the growth of the main vines is promoted; pinching is carried out in time when the main vines grow to 1.5-2 m, the growth of lateral branches is promoted, and the yield of the asparagus beans can be improved by utilizing the lateral branch fruiting; after the cowpea harvesting is finished, cutting off vines at the base part by using a sickle to naturally dry the cowpea, and growing the vines of the Chinese yam to fill the vines;
(4) harvesting: the harvest of the asparagus beans in the middle ten days of 6 months is finished, and the vines of the asparagus beans naturally dry down to the ridge surface after being harvested, so that the surface layer fertility of the soil can be improved, and the water retention capacity of the surface layer soil is favorably maintained; and (5) finishing harvesting the Chinese yam before 12 months, and selling the Chinese yam on the market.
Through measurement and calculation, the per mu yield of the Chinese yam is 3057kg, the selling price is 4.0 yuan/kg, and the per mu yield value is 12228 yuan; the yield per mu of the asparagus bean is 1400kg, the selling price is 5.0 yuan/kg, the yield per mu is 7000 yuan, the total yield per mu is 19228 yuan, and the economic benefit is considerable.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for interplanting asparagus bean with Chinese yam is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) land preparation: selecting sandy loam land blocks with paddy and dry rotation, preparing soil in the middle and late ten days of 2 months each year, ridging and ridging, wherein the ridge width is 90-100cm, the ridge width is 40cm, and the ridge height is 35-40 cm; applying 800-1000kg of organic fertilizer per mu, and applying 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
(2) sowing: before sowing, dressing seeds with a seed dressing agent accounting for 3% of the weight of the seeds, sowing cowpeas on one side of a ridge in the last ten days of 3 months, sowing one row in each ridge, 3-4 seeds in each hole, wherein the clump distance is 25cm, and planting 1500-2000 clumps per mu; immediately watering enough planting water after sowing; covering with black and white mulching film; cutting Chinese yam into sections as Chinese yam seed potatoes in the middle and last ten days of 3 months, weighing 40-60 g, adhering slaked lime powder on the sections, airing in the sun for 2-6 days, and collecting the wound for later use; the temperature of the treated yam seeds rises to above 12 ℃ in the middle ten days of 4 months, and when the ground temperature is stabilized to above 10 ℃, the yam seeds are sowed on the other side of the ridge opposite to the long cowpea, the row spacing is 15-20 cm, and 2000-3000 yams are planted per mu;
(3) managing
A. And (3) fertilizer and water management: the asparagus bean has drought resistance and is afraid of water accumulation, and drainage work is needed; after the cowpea is fertilized for the first time, 20-30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of field after the inflorescence is subjected to fruit setting, and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied to each harvest twice later; after cowpea harvesting, dressing the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer twice on the Chinese yam, wherein 15-25 kg/666.7m of potassium sulfate is applied in shallow ditches each time from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months for the first time and in ten days of 8 months for the second time2Covering soil in time after application;
B. drawing vines to build a frame: after the asparagus bean is sowed, when 5-6 true leaves grow, erecting and guiding vines in the middle of ridges; removing redundant lateral vines when the vines are introduced; timely pinching when the main vines grow to 1.5-2 m, and utilizing lateral branches to bear fruits; after the cowpea harvesting is completed, cutting off vines at the base part to naturally dry the cowpea, and allowing the vines of the Chinese yam to grow full of the vines;
(4) harvesting: finishing the harvesting of the longcowpea in the middle ten days of the month 6; and (5) finishing harvesting the Chinese yam before 12 months, and selling the Chinese yam on the market.
2. The cultivating method of yam and asparagus bean interplanting according to claim 1, wherein the seed dressing agent in step (2) is 50% carbendazim wettable powder.
3. The cultivating method for interplanting asparagus bean with yam according to claim 1, wherein the variety of asparagus bean is Tianxi asparagus bean, Hubei cowpea No. 2; the yam is Ansha large-leaf yam.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103999650A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-27 | 陈秋 | Cultivation method for interplanting cucumber by Chinese yam |
CN104756723A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-08 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Cultural method for interplanting lily with cowpea |
CN104770153A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-15 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for inter-planting Dioscorea opposita Thunb and early ripening maize |
CN106613210A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Interplant high-yield cultivation method for Dioscorea opposita and spring loofah |
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2021
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103999650A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-08-27 | 陈秋 | Cultivation method for interplanting cucumber by Chinese yam |
CN104770153A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-15 | 三明市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for inter-planting Dioscorea opposita Thunb and early ripening maize |
CN104756723A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-08 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Cultural method for interplanting lily with cowpea |
CN106613210A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Interplant high-yield cultivation method for Dioscorea opposita and spring loofah |
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