CN104756723A - Cultural method for interplanting lily with cowpea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultural method for interplanting lily with cowpea, and relates to the technical field of crop planting. The method comprises the steps that site preparation and fertilization is performed, ridging and bedding are performed, the lily is transplanted on the bed faces, deep trenches are excavated on the two sides of each bed face, and high ridges used for planting the cowpea are formed beside the deep trenches; the lily is transplanted in September to October and harvested in the end of October to the middle ten-day of November next year; the cowpea is sowed and seeded in the last ten-day of May to the first ten-day of June and interplanted and transplanted in the last ten-day of June to the first ten-day of July, hill spacing is 25-30 cm, and tendrils are guided to canopy frames when the cowpea sprouts the tendrils. According to the cultural method for interplanting the lily with the cowpea, one-season cowpea can be additionally planted while the lily is planted, the land area can be effectively utilized, not only is the space of subsoil utilized, but also the upper space formed by the canopy frames can be effectively utilized for the growth of the cowpea, and meanwhile a partial shading effect is played for the lily. Ridging and bedding and the design of the canopy frames are in accordance with the growth characteristics of the lily and the cowpea, the planting method is easy to operate and manage, the lily production and quality can be guaranteed, one-season cowpea production can be added, the obvious economic benefit can be achieved, the interannual planting belt interchange crop rotation can be achieved, and the insect attack of the lily and the cowpea can be reduced.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of lily interplanting cowpea

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of lily interplanting cowpea.

Background technology

Interplanting to refer between the plant in front plant growth later stage in season sowing or after transplanting season crop planting patterns, also cry interplanting.Contrast nonoculture it periodically can not only make full use of space, on unit are soil, can effectively raise the multiple-cropping index, the natural resources such as temperature, light, water, soil, raising anniversary overall crop yield is a kind of planting patterns of intensive utilization Time and place.

Lily (Lilium spp.) is Liliaceae lilium perennial herb bulbous plant, famous and precious cut-flower rising star, it can be used for viewing and admiring, the napiform root of lily is containing enriching starchiness simultaneously, can be used as vegetables to eat and traditional Chinese medicine, have moisten the lung and relieve the cough, clearing away the heart fire and tranquillizing function, cure mainly tuberculosis chronic cough, old man's chronic bronchitis, neurasthenia.In China, most area all has cultivation, but the main place of production is Hunan, Sichuan, Henan, Jiangsu and zhejiang and other places.Lilium half heliophobous plant, like cool humid climate, half shady environment, preference temperature of growing is 15 ~ 25 DEG C, can be drought-resistant, cold-resistant, is afraid of ponding, avoids continuous cropping.In recent years, the demand of consuming lily along with people is growing, traditional lily culture mode, main based on outdoor cropping, because various soil-borne disease occurs serious, be unfavorable for that lily grows, and then had a strong impact on the quality of lily, although all to disinfecting soil and improvement during annual plantation, without obvious control efficiency.Lily avoids continuous cropping, front stubble can not be the crops such as capsicum, eggplant, sweet potato, potato, beet, tobacco, green onion garlic, the bulb of fritillary, soil after plantation lily, generally need could plant again after 3 ~ 5 years, avoid continuous cropping because lily plantation exists, avoid continuous cropping, problem that preceding crop is selected, greatly reduce land utilization rate; And lily non-refractory, need scaffolding at the high temperature season (7 ~ September) of its growing period, draw sunshade net to carry out cooling of shading, time-consuming, add Productive statistics cost.For this reason, screen the growth of a kind of suitable lily, by land resources restriction, dart transfer and the cultivation method of other crop economy income can be increased, for meeting people's consumption demand growing to lily, improving the level of resources utilization and land productivity, there is very great meaning.

Cowpea is annual voluble herb plant, and it is one of main high protein leguminous vegetables of China, and stem is overgrow long vigorous, needs setting support during cultivation.The pod wall fiber of beanpod is few, and comparatively expand in seed position and matter is tender, is a kind of vegetables of high-quality.When legume root system grows in soil, can form root nodule with rhizobium in soil, root nodule has the effect of fixed nitrogen culture fertility.Cowpea is in late May to early June seeding and seedling raising, and late June to early July carries out interplanting transplanting lily vegetative period, and late August to early September plucks results in batches and completes.The growth cycle of this kind of crop is shorter, comparatively large, the light requirement of elasticity breeding time according to, need built to plant, can longer with some breeding times, like shady crop and carry out reasonably combined plantation, thus objects such as improving sunlight-heat reaources utilization, unit are soil anniversary economic benefit can be reached.

Therefore, for making full use of the season of growth, in lily growing period late June to early July, cowpea is transplanted in interplanting, and the symbiosis phase of lily and cowpea is 60 ~ 70 days; Cowpea vegetative period is 7 ~ September, this in period lily need carry out puing up a shed, drawing in the net to shade, utilize cowpea frame to serve the effect of cooling of shading to lily.Lily bulb is grown on underground, and cowpea is grown on the ground, noncontradictory between the two; Lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt do not upset growth belt region when soil cultivation, and Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, and can realize growth belt between year border and exchange crop rotation, effectively can alleviate lily continuous cropping harm.The interplanting of lily and cowpea, 1 year same soil can gather in the crops two kinds of crops, economic benefit is greatly improved; Cowpea frame can be the effect that lily plays cooling of shading, and reduces lily because puing up a shed, drawing in the net the Productive statistics carrying out shading.The approach that a kind of proportion of crop planting is new beyond doubt interplanted by lily and cowpea.

Summary of the invention

A kind of lily is the object of the present invention is to provide to interplant the cultivation method of cowpea.The method of the invention can efficiency utilization soil, sunlight-heat reaources, not only improves the unit are output value but also improve crop quality, easy to operate, dart transfer, remarkable in economical benefits.

A cultivation method for lily interplanting cowpea, comprises the steps:

(1) Fruit variety

Lily cultivar selects suitable edible kind: Lilium brownii var viridulum, brave lily or Zhuzhou are red; Cowpea variety selects precocity, the high yielding variety of suitable interplanting: cowpea king, cowpea 29 or the all-round king of cowpea;

(2) whole ground ridging

Sandy loam is selected to carry out lily plantation; Plant before ploughing plough deeply, the degree of depth at 25 ~ 30cm, applying fertilizer during soil deeptillage; After site preparation and fertilization, ditching, ridging bedding to plant lily, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, it is the ditch of 25 ~ 30cm deeply that both sides, furrow face are dug, furrow width 20 ~ 25cm, the other high ridge established again for planting cowpea of ditch, the high 20 ~ 25cm of high ridge, wide 80 ~ 100cm, and high ridge is east-west;

(3) proper seeding nursery

Lily adopts seedbed nursery, through the growth of 1 year, carries out in 9 ~ October of next year being transplanted to land for growing field crops;

Cowpea carries out seeding and seedling raising in annual late May to early June in seedling bed;

(4) transplanting and crops for rotation are connected

Lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, and next year gathers in the crops to mid-November by the end of October; Cowpea carries out interplanting transplanting in late June to early July lily vegetative period, and late August to early September plucks results in batches and completes; The symbiosis phase of lily and cowpea is 60 ~ 70 days;

(5) culturable standard and density

Lily is transplanted on furrow by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm, high ridge is planted 2 row cowpeas, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm, line-spacing 40 ~ 50cm, when plant strain growth is taken out climing to 20 ~ 30cm, 1 pole is inserted in every cave, the high ridge of every furrow both sides insert pole and tilt respectively to directly over furrow, the shelf of " people " font is formed above furrow, high 2.0 ~ the 2.5m of frame (i.e. the terrain clearance on herringbone top), pole upper intersection establishes crossbeam, ties pole with in chevron shaped, draws climing added;

(6) field management;

(7) extermination of disease and insect pest;

(8) gather in the crops in time.

Above-mentioned cultivation method preferentially selects edible lily kind Lilium brownii var viridulum to interplant the cowpea king of cowpea variety.

Lily seedling raising process in above-mentioned cultivation method: in the planting furrow in seedbed, use the pig manure, the cow dung fertilizer 250 ~ 300kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and coordinate and mixed execute superphosphate 25 ~ 40kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5 ~ 10kg/ mu, ferrous sulfate 2 ~ 3kg/ mu and zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu and make seed manure; Annual 9 ~ October, select healthy and strong anosis bulk bulb, scale is inserted the seedbed put in order by distance between rows and hills 15cm × 10cm, compacting, waters, and furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, scale consumption is at 90 ~ 110kg/ mu.

Above-mentioned cultivation method lily transplant rear shovel soil be overlying on lily culture capable on, thickness of earth covering 5 ~ 7cm, makes face, ridge smooth; To plant ball righting during plantation, terminal bud vertically upward, does not make it crooked.

Above-mentioned cultivation method is before lily and cowpea are transplanted, and applications of farmyard manure 2000 ~ 2500kg/ mu, superphosphate 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, potassium chloride 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, plough deeply in soil in conjunction with soil cultivation; And add tmtd 1.0 ~ 3.0kg/ mu, or hydroxyisoxazole 1500 ~ 3000ml/ mu sterilization; After fertilising, ditching, ridging bedding is transplanted.

Above-mentioned cultivation method field management:

Intertill and clean tillage during lily plantation, in conjunction with ridging, prevents bulb exposed; Post flowering, imposes superphosphate 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, ammonium phosphate 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.3 ~ 0.5kg/ mu, executes rear earthing, waters; Clear up railway carriage or compartment ditch and enclose ditch, timely draining after accomplishing rain; Pinch in good time, when lily buddings, pluck top in time, after pinching, impose urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium phosphate 8 ~ 10kg/ mu, simultaneously foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

Carry out intertill and clean tillage and irrigation during cowpea plantation, Sheng of the gathering phase carries out topdressing once in conjunction with pouring, imposes urea 2 ~ 3kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3 ~ 4kg/ mu or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 4kg/ mu; Draw climing added fine day noon or afternoon; Carry out bud picking to pinch in good time.

The above-mentioned cultivation method extermination of disease and insect pest:

The disease of lily comprises epidemic disease, virus disease, bacterial slimy soft rot, and the control of epidemic disease before emerging, sprays bordeaux mixture 1 time, and bordeaux mixture proportioning is copper sulphate: quicklime: water ratio is 1:2:200, sprays 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid 2 ~ 3 times after emerging; The control of virus disease sprays 10% pyrrole worm wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid Jia Bindu aquas, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid every spray in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time in time at early growth period, connects spray 4 times; Spray the control that 30% green precious suspending agent 400 times of liquid or 47% Jia Ruinong wetting powder, 800 times of liquid carry out bacterial slimy soft rot; With the 1000 times of liquid controls of 40% Rogor or biological control aphid;

The damage by disease and insect of cowpea comprises the wild snout moth's larva of root rot, leaf mold and beans, root rot and leaf mold all adopt 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid or 25% that hectogram missible oil 1100 ~ 1400 times of liquid or thiophanate methyl 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated in their early stage, and the wild snout moth's larva of beans adopts 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500 ~ 3000 times of liquid to prevent and treat.

Above-mentioned cultivation method: Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, realizes growth belt between year border and exchanges crop rotation.

Cultivation method of the present invention has following features:

(1) mutual utilization spatially, two Plants in height can utilize mutually, and the plant height of lily is generally at 0.6 ~ 0.9m, and the frame of cowpea is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and therefore, lily just in time can utilize the lower space resource of cowpea frame;

(2) the mutual utilization in illumination, cowpea dry-matter accumulation is mostly from the photosynthate that blade carries out; Improve cowpea output, the photosynthesis of cowpea will be increased after all exactly, by building the availability that frame increases leaf area index and improves illumination; Lily likes cool humid climate, half shady environment, the happiness low light level, not resistance to high light, and under high light, blade is easily withered, and particularly scaffolding or sunshade net need be adopted to hide in summer (7 ~ September) and remove part high light; The cowpea blade building frame plantation can fully absorb top sunlight thus can vigorous growth, and the shade that built produces just in time meets the growth characteristics that lily likes shade environment;

(3) the mutual utilization of water, fertile resource, the position that edible lily is gathered in the crops is the bulb of under ground portion, is generally grown on the soil layer of 10 ~ 15cm; Common cowpea root owner will be distributed in the scope of 15 ~ 20cm;

(4) the mutual utilization of living resources, the lily of vertical growth need carry out puing up a shed or sunshade net carries out cooling of shading in its 7 ~ September of vegetative period, frame plantation cowpea is built on lily growing area both sides, serves the effect of cooling of shading, and decreases production cost and drops into, saves labor.

(5) adopt fully become thoroughly decomposed pig manure, cow dung as farmyard manure, the content of organic matter of soil can be ensured, getting fat soil fertility, thus be conducive to the growth of lily and cowpea two kinds of crops.

(6) efficiency utilization of land resources, lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt do not upset growth belt region when soil cultivation, Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, growth belt between year border can be realized and exchange crop rotation, reduce the generation of main diseases and insect pests, effectively can alleviate lily continuous cropping harm.

In general, the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, mainly possesses following technological merit:

1, cowpea plantation row band is reserved on lily plantation row band side, at lily plantation row band other interplanting cowpea, can effectively utilize unit are soil, not only make use of the space of lower soil, also effectively make use of the upper sheaf space of built formation for cowpea growth, 1 year same soil can gather in the crops two kinds of crops, increase unit are crop anniversary economic benefit.

2, the happiness of lily property cools, lily plantation row band other interplanting frame cowpea, frame cowpea can to shelter from heat or light cooling for lily in summer (7 ~ September), was applicable to that the happiness of lily property cools, the growth characteristics of partly shade, be conducive to lily grow and bulb expand, lily output is high, quality better; And decrease and need carry out summer puing up a shed or the operation of sunshade net, reduce production cost and drop into, save labor.

3, lily and cowpea are all liked and are rich in organic soil, and the suitable soil moisture of growth is similar, is connected by optimizing two kinds of crop anniversary crops for rotation, can take into account lily and the suitable growing environment of cowpea simultaneously, make both all be guaranteed by yield and quality.

4, lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt do not upset growth belt region when soil cultivation, Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, growth belt between year border can be realized and exchange crop rotation, reduce the generation of main diseases and insect pests, effectively can alleviate lily continuous cropping harm.

5, because lily and cowpea damage by disease and insect cross-infection can not occur, therefore only for respective damage by disease and insect situation, the conventional extermination of disease and insect pest is done.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is lily of the present invention interplanting cowpea cultivation method plantation schematic diagram in period;

Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram is arranged in lily of the present invention interplanting cowpea cultivation method field.

Embodiment

In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described is herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, just can mutually combine as long as technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of the present invention does not below form conflict each other.

According to the cultivation method of lily interplanting cowpea provided by the invention, comprise the following steps:

(1) the plantation operation of lily

Lily cultivar selects suitable edible kind: Lilium brownii var viridulum, brave lily or Zhuzhou are red; Annual 9 ~ October, select healthy and strong anosis bulk bulb, scale is inserted the seedbed put in order by distance between rows and hills 15cm × 10cm, carry out the nursery of lily, scale consumption is generally at 100kg/ mu; The pig manure, the cow dung fertilizer 250 ~ 300kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed are used in seedbed, and coordinate and mixed execute superphosphate 25 ~ 40kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5 ~ 10kg/ mu, ferrous sulfate 2 ~ 3kg/ mu and zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu and make seed manure; Through the growth of 1 year, 9 ~ October of next year transplanted by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm.

(2) the interplanting operation of cowpea

By the zanjon of plantation both sides, lily furrow face, then arrange out the high ridge for planting cowpea, the high 20 ~ 25cm of high ridge, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge is east-west; Cowpea carries out seeding and seedling raising in late May to early June in seedling bed, late June to early July carries out interplanting transplanting lily vegetative period, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, cave distance transplanted by cowpea is 25 ~ 30cm, when plant strain growth is to 20 ~ 30cm, when being about to take out climing, 1 pole is inserted in every cave, the high ridge of every furrow both sides insert pole and tilt respectively to directly over furrow, above furrow, form the shelf of " people " font, the high 2.0 ~ 2.5m of frame, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, tie in chevron shaped, late August to early September plucks results in batches and completes.The symbiosis phase of lily and cowpea is 60 ~ 70 days.

(3) lily interplanting cowpea rich water quality management

Before lily and cowpea are transplanted, namely rich water quality management comprises following aspect:

Fertilising: select soil layer deep, smooth, be rich in organic matter, the sandy loam of fertility abundance carries out plantation lily and cowpea; Plough before transplanting in conjunction with applications of farmyard manure 2000 ~ 2500kg/ mu, superphosphate 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, potassium chloride 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, plough in conjunction with soil, plough ploughs under soil, and adds tmtd 1.0 ~ 3.0kg/ mu, or the sterilization of hydroxyisoxazole 1500 ~ 3000ml/ mu; After fertilising, ditching, ridging bedding is transplanted.Lily, at Post flowering, imposes superphosphate 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, ammonium phosphate 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.3 ~ 0.5kg/ mu, executes rear earthing, waters; Cowpea is being gathered the Sheng phase, carries out topdressing once in conjunction with pouring, imposes urea 2 ~ 3kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3 ~ 4kg/ mu or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 4kg/ mu.

Cultivation and banking and weeding: when carrying out intertill and clean tillage, in conjunction with ridging, prevent lily bulb exposed; In conjunction with intertillage, carry out gradation and topdress.

Soil moisture controls: soil water content controls at 60% ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity, clears up railway carriage or compartment ditch and encloses ditch, draining the water away in time after accomplishing rain, during arid, can carry out pouring in time and keep the skin wet.

Pinch in good time and draw climing: when lily buddings, plucking top in time, after pinching, imposing urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium phosphate 8 ~ 10kg/ mu, simultaneously foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Cowpea grows to 20 ~ 30cm plant, when being about to take out climing, timely bay, is inserted into " people " font with bamboo pole, high 2.0 ~ the 2.5m of frame, every cave inserts 1, and slightly tilts to both sides, and every two intersect, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, ties, draw climing added fine day noon or afternoon in chevron shaped; Carry out bud picking to pinch in good time.

Sunshine controls: cowpea adopts built to plant, and draws climing added, is conducive to cowpea and is wound around growth, increases the availability of leaf area index and raising illumination, increases photosynthetic production accumulation; Meanwhile, lower space is played to the effect of shield portions sunlight and cooling.The happiness of lily property cools humid climate, half shady environment, lily interplanting frame cowpea, and frame cowpea can to shelter from heat or light cooling for lily in summer, and applicable lily property likes the growth characteristics cooled, and is conducive to lily and grows and to expand with bulb.

Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: the damage by disease and insect of lily and cowpea cross-infection can not occur, lily mainly prevents and treats epidemic disease, virus disease, bacterial slimy soft rot etc., the control of epidemic disease, generally before emerging, spray bordeaux mixture 1 time (bordeaux mixture proportioning is copper sulphate: quicklime: water ratio is 1:2:200), spray 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid after emerging 2 ~ 3 times; The control of virus disease sprays 10% pyrrole worm wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid Jia Bindu aquas, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid every spray in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time in time at early growth period, connects spray 4 times; Spray the control that 30% green precious suspending agent 400 times of liquid or 47% Jia Ruinong wetting powder, 800 times of liquid carry out bacterial slimy soft rot; With the 1000 times of liquid controls of 40% Rogor or biological control aphid.The damage by disease and insect of cowpea mainly contains the wild snout moth's larva of root rot, leaf mold and beans etc., root rot and leaf mold adopt 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid or 25% that hectogram missible oil 1100 ~ 1400 times of liquid or thiophanate methyl 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated in their early stage, and the wild snout moth's larva of beans adopts 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500 ~ 3000 times of liquid to prevent and treat.

(4) harvesting of lily, cowpea

Lily is plucked: in gathering in the crops to mid-November by the end of October, take successively in recovery process, and removing is cauline leaf part on the ground, digs out bulb, notes avoiding damaging bulb in results process, is cleaned by finished product lily earth.

Cowpea is plucked: cowpea is in late August to early September, and when the pod bar even thickness of cowpea, pod face beans is not heaved, and when reaching commodity pod standard, plucks in batches, after waiting cowpea all to pluck, pulls out bamboo pole in time.

Be below embodiment:

Embodiment 1: the best transplanting time Selection experiment of lily interplanting cowpea

Select 3 lily cultivar being suitable for carrying out planting at sandy loam: Lilium brownii var viridulum, brave lily and Zhuzhou are red, carry out lily interplanting cowpea transplanting time Selection experiment, transplant respectively at 15 days June in vegetative period of lily, June 20, June 25, July 1, July 5, July 10 and the interplanting of carrying out cowpea July 15 7 period.Lily adopts ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, and zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face, transplants by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; The other high ridge be provided with again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge is planted 2 row cowpeas, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm, when plant strain growth is to 20 ~ 30cm, when being about to take out climing, timely bay, be inserted into " people " font with bamboo pole, high 2.0 ~ the 2.5m of frame, every cave inserts 1, and slightly tilts to both sides, every two intersect, upper intersection is put bamboo pole and is made crossbeam, ties, draw climing added fine day noon or afternoon in chevron shaped.The same Production of Large Fields of cultivation management measure.The indexs such as the heavy and per mu yield of statistics lily strain number after lily maturation results, single squama, statistics is in table 1.

The best transplanting time Selection experiment of table 1 lily interplanting cowpea

From table 1 result, the average yield that date cowpea is transplanted in different interplanting all reaches more than 1800kg/ mu, and be wherein the highest to transplant the output of date cowpea June 20 to July 1, average yield all reaches more than 1850kg/ mu.Red 3 lily cultivar in Lilium brownii var viridulum, brave lily and Zhuzhou all transplant cowpea to carry out interplanting in its late June in vegetative period to early July, and all can obtain higher lily output, average yield all reaches 1037.8 ~ 1074.8kg/ mu.Three kinds calculate average yield, and result shows, carry out interplanting in lily late June in vegetative period to early July and transplant cowpea, the output of lily is apparently higher than other periods.

Embodiment 2: the different planting density of lily interplanting cowpea and line-spacing are to the test of lily yield effect

The rational planting density of crops is the key technology realizing crop yield synergy, need determine the parameters such as railway carriage or compartment face width degree, spacing in the rows, line-spacing according to the output of crops plan and marginal effect etc.Line-spacing: crops embark on journey cultivation time row and row between distance, spacing in the rows: the distance between crop groups individual plant.

With the cowpea king of the cowpea variety of suitable Lilium brownii var viridulum interplanting for material, deep at soil layer, smooth, Xinhe River township, Huarong County of region Hunan Province that is that be rich in organic matter and fertility abundance and Wu Shenggong town, Nan County is selected to test, lily adopts ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, wide 140 ~ the 160cm of furrow, zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face; The other high ridge established again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge is planted 2 row cowpeas, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, and cave is apart from being 25 ~ 30cm, and cowpea carries out interplanting in late June to early July and transplants.Lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, different Transplanting Density 8000 ~ 13000 plants/acre is studied when transplanting lily, in furrow face respectively according to line-spacing 45,40,35,30,25cm kind plants 3 row, 4 row, 5 row, 6 row, 7 row lilies, interplanting cowpea is on the impact of lily output.Result is as shown in table 2.

The different planting density of table 2 lily interplanting cowpea and line-spacing are on the impact (kg/ mu) of lily output

From in table 2, Xinhe River township, Huarong County is the highest with the output of Transplanting Density 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre, every ridge 3 ~ 5 row planting density lily, be respectively 1025.3 ~ 1046.8,1036.7 ~ 1057.5,1068.5 ~ 1089.2kg/ mu; Wu Shenggong town, Nan County is the highest with the planting density lily output of Transplanting Density 10000 ~ 12000 plants/acre, every ridge 3 ~ 5 row, be respectively 1040.9 ~ 1064.3,1051.5 ~ 1076.1,1083.6 ~ 1108.6kg/ mu.The above results shows, during the transplanting line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm of lily, all can obtain the highest output.

Meanwhile, the present invention evaluates the effect of lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method by calculating Land Equivalent Ratio.

Land Equivalent Ratio: the ratio of the income when income in same farmland during two or more crop companion cropping and each crop nonoculture weighs the index of interplanting than nonoculture volume increase degree.When lily and cowpea are interplanted, its formula is: Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)=(lily interplanting time the nonoculture of output ÷ lily time output)+(cowpea interplanting time the nonoculture of output ÷ cowpea time output).If LER is greater than 1, namely represent that interplanting is higher than nonoculture efficiency, nonoculture needs the soil of (LER-1) × 100% that utilizes just can obtain and interplant identical output more.

Lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention can utilize the growing space of lily, cowpea is transplanted in lily fertility middle and later periods interplanting, cowpea make full use of space and time increase by one season crop take in, thus raising Land Equivalent Ratio, improve soil and the level of resources utilization, reach the object of increasing both production and income.

Embodiment 3: the cowpea king of lily cultivar Lilium brownii var viridulum interplanting cowpea variety

Test site: Xinhe River township, Huarong County, Hunan Province.

Experimental group: lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, adopt ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face, transplants by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; The other high ridge established again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge carries out interplanting transplanting 2 row cowpea in late June in next year to early July, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, and cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm;

Lily compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns single cropping lily;

Cowpea compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns single cropping cowpea;

Experimental group and control group are sowed the same period, and other field management is all consistent with local Production of Large Fields level;

Result of the test is in table 3.

The cowpea king of table 3 lily cultivar Lilium brownii var viridulum interplanting cowpea variety

From above-mentioned result of the test, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method lily output reaches 1054.5kg/ mu, and cowpea output reaches 1840.2kg/ mu, and calculate by lily purchasing price 20.5 yuan/kg, leaf mustard 4.2 yuan/kg, the output value is 29346.1 yuan/mu; Lily only compares group output and reaches 1074.6kg/ mu, and the output value is 22029.3 yuan/mu; Cowpea only compares group output and reaches 1870.4kg/ mu, and the output value is 7855.7 yuan/mu; Lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention increases by 7316.8 yuan/mu and 21490.4 yuan/mu as the output value only than lily, cowpea respectively; Land Equivalent Ratio is 1.97, shows that more nonoculture needs utilize the soil of 97% just can obtain and interplant identical output.

Embodiment 4: the cowpea 29 of lily cultivar tiger lily interplanting cowpea variety

Test site: Wu Shenggong town, Nan County, Hunan Province.

Experimental group: lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, adopt ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face, transplants by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; The other high ridge established again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge carries out interplanting transplanting 2 row cowpea in late June in next year to early July, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, and cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm;

Lily compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns single cropping lily;

Cowpea compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns single cropping cowpea;

Experimental group and control group are sowed the same period, and other field management is all consistent with local Production of Large Fields level;

Result of the test is in table 4.

The cowpea 29 of table 4 lily cultivar tiger lily interplanting cowpea variety

From above-mentioned result of the test, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method lily output reaches 1032.6kg/ mu, and cowpea output reaches 1821.4kg/ mu, and calculate by lily purchasing price 20.5 yuan/kg, leaf mustard 4.2 yuan/kg, the output value is 28818.2 yuan/mu; Lily only compares group output and reaches 1055.8kg/ mu, and the output value is 21643.9 yuan/mu; Cowpea only compares group output and reaches 1856.7kg/ mu, and the output value is 7798.1 yuan/mu; Lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention increases by 7174.3 yuan/mu and 21020.0 yuan/mu as the output value only than lily, cowpea respectively; Land Equivalent Ratio is 1.96, shows that more nonoculture needs utilize the soil of 96% just can obtain and interplant identical output.

Embodiment 5: lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt not between border in the same year growth belt interchangeable wheel do the impact on lily Major Pests

Test site: Wu Shenggong town, Nan County, Hunan Province.

Experimental group: lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, adopt ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face, transplants by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; The other high ridge established again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge carries out interplanting transplanting 2 row cowpea in late June in next year to early July, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, and cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm; Lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt adopt the mutual crop rotation of growth belt between year border, and Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, and realize growth belt between year border and exchange crop rotation.

Lily compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns continuous single cropping lily on same soil;

Experimental group and control group are sowed the same period, and other field management is all consistent with local Production of Large Fields level;

Show the flower bud phase lily, carry out the investigation of Major Pests, result of the test is in table 5.

Table 5 lily and cowpea growth belt do not take turns the impact done lily Major Pests between border in the same year mutually

From above-mentioned result of the test, the flower bud phase is shown lily, employing lily interplants cowpea and lily and the cowpea growth belt aphid that between border in the same year, the mutual rotation cropping method of growth belt and lily do not do to cultivate only is respectively 24.3,40.6 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than lily minimizing 40.1%; Two spotted spider mite is respectively 12.4,23.6 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than lily minimizing 47.5%; Aleyrodid is respectively 3.1,5.4 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than lily minimizing 42.3%; Grub is respectively 14.7,27.5/mu, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than lily minimizing 46.5%; Cutworm is respectively 12.4,23.5/mu, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than lily minimizing 47.2%; Show lily provided by the invention interplanting cowpea and lily and cowpea growth belt not between border in the same year mutual rotation cropping method effectively can reduce the quantity of the aphid of lily, two spotted spider mite, aleyrodid, grub and cutworm.

Embodiment 6: lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt not between border in the same year growth belt interchangeable wheel do the impact on cowpea Major Pests

Test site: Xinhe River township, Huarong County, Hunan Province.

Experimental group: lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, adopt ditching, ridging to carry out bedding, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, zanjon 25 ~ 30cm is dug in both sides, furrow face, transplants by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; The other high ridge established again for building cultivation cowpea frame of described zanjon, wide 80 ~ 100cm, high ridge carries out interplanting transplanting 2 row cowpea in late June in next year to early July, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, and cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm; Lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt adopt the mutual crop rotation of growth belt between year border, and Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, and realize growth belt between year border and exchange crop rotation.

Cowpea compares group only: adopt local traditional planting patterns continuous single cropping cowpea on same soil;

Experimental group and control group are sowed the same period, and other field management is all consistent with local Production of Large Fields level;

Result of the test is in table 6.

Table 6 lily and cowpea growth belt do not take turns the impact done cowpea Major Pests between border in the same year mutually

From above-mentioned result of the test, in cowpea pod bearing period, employing lily interplants cowpea and lily and the cowpea growth belt wild snout moth's larva of beans that between border in the same year, mutual rotation cropping method and cowpea are not done to cultivate only is respectively 10.5,17.5 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than cowpea minimizing 40.0%; The aphid of cowpea is respectively 15.6,30.1 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than cowpea minimizing 48.2%; Two spotted spider mite is respectively 14.5,24.4 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than cowpea minimizing 40.6%; The stinkbug of cowpea is respectively 8.2,14.4 heads/plant, lily interplanting cowpea cultivation method provided by the invention do cultivation cleaner than cowpea minimizing 43.1%; Show lily provided by the invention interplanting cowpea and lily and cowpea growth belt not between border in the same year the mutual rotation cropping method of growth belt effectively can reduce the quantity of the wild snout moth's larva of beans of cowpea, aphid, two spotted spider mite and stinkbug.

The object that above embodiment illustrates is to help to understand method of the present invention and key technology.At this, for the person skilled of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, improve and amendment if carry out some to the present invention, these improve and amendment is also all considered as within the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a cultivation method for lily interplanting cowpea, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) Fruit variety

Lily cultivar selects suitable edible kind: Lilium brownii var viridulum, brave lily or Zhuzhou are red; Cowpea variety selects precocity, the high yielding variety of suitable interplanting: cowpea king, cowpea 29 or the all-round king of cowpea;

(2) whole ground ridging

Sandy loam is selected to carry out lily plantation; Plant before ploughing plough deeply, the degree of depth at 25 ~ 30cm, applying fertilizer during soil deeptillage; After site preparation and fertilization, ditching, ridging bedding to plant lily, the wide 140 ~ 160cm of furrow, it is the ditch of 25 ~ 30cm deeply that both sides, furrow face are dug, furrow width 20 ~ 25cm, the other high ridge established for planting cowpea of ditch, the high 20 ~ 25cm of high ridge, wide 80 ~ 100cm, and high ridge is east-west;

(3) proper seeding nursery

Lily adopts seedbed nursery, through the growth of 1 year, carries out in 9 ~ October of next year being transplanted to land for growing field crops;

Cowpea carries out seeding and seedling raising in annual late May to early June in seedling bed;

(4) transplanting and crops for rotation are connected

Lily was transplanted annual 9 ~ October, and next year gathers in the crops to mid-November by the end of October; Cowpea carries out interplanting transplanting in late June to early July lily vegetative period, and late August to early September plucks results in batches and completes; The symbiosis phase of lily and cowpea is 60 ~ 70 days;

(5) culturable standard and density

Lily is transplanted on furrow by line-spacing 35 ~ 45cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm, high ridge is planted 2 row cowpeas, plantation 2 ~ 3 strains of every cave, cave distance is 25 ~ 30cm, line-spacing 40 ~ 50cm, when plant strain growth is taken out climing to 20 ~ 30cm every cave insert 1 pole, every furrow both sides high ridge institute insert pole respectively to directly over furrow inclination, above furrow formation " people " font shelf, high 2.0 ~ the 2.5m of frame, pole upper intersection establishes crossbeam, ties pole with in chevron shaped, draws climing added;

(6) field management;

(7) extermination of disease and insect pest;

(8) gather in the crops in time.

2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, selects edible lily kind Lilium brownii var viridulum to interplant the cowpea king of cowpea variety.

3. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, lily seedling raising process: in the planting furrow in seedbed, use the pig manure, the cow dung fertilizer 250 ~ 300kg/ mu that become thoroughly decomposed, and coordinate and mixed execute superphosphate 25 ~ 40kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium chloride 5 ~ 10kg/ mu, ferrous sulfate 2 ~ 3kg/ mu and zinc sulphate 1 ~ 2kg/ mu and make seed manure; Annual 9 ~ October, select healthy and strong anosis bulk bulb, scale is inserted the seedbed put in order by distance between rows and hills 15cm × 10cm, compacting, waters, and furrow cover straw heat and moisture preserving, scale consumption is at 90 ~ 110kg/ mu.

4. the cultivation method according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, lily transplant rear shovel soil be overlying on lily culture capable on, thickness of earth covering 5 ~ 7cm, makes face, ridge smooth; To plant ball righting during plantation, terminal bud vertically upward, does not make it crooked.

5. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, before lily and cowpea are transplanted, applications of farmyard manure 2000 ~ 2500kg/ mu, superphosphate 15 ~ 20kg/ mu, potassium chloride 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, plough deeply in soil in conjunction with soil cultivation; And add tmtd 1.0 ~ 3.0kg/ mu, or hydroxyisoxazole 1500 ~ 3000ml/ mu sterilization; After fertilising, ditching, ridging bedding is transplanted.

6. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,

Field management

Intertill and clean tillage during lily plantation, in conjunction with ridging, prevents bulb exposed; Post flowering, imposes superphosphate 25 ~ 30kg/ mu, ammonium phosphate 20 ~ 25kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.3 ~ 0.5kg/ mu, executes rear earthing, waters; Clear up railway carriage or compartment ditch and enclose ditch, timely draining after accomplishing rain; Pinch in good time, when lily buddings, pluck top in time, after pinching, impose urea 10 ~ 15kg/ mu, potassium phosphate 8 ~ 10kg/ mu, simultaneously foliage-spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate;

Carry out intertill and clean tillage and irrigation during cowpea plantation, Sheng of the gathering phase carries out topdressing once in conjunction with pouring, imposes urea 2 ~ 3kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3 ~ 4kg/ mu or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 ~ 4kg/ mu; Draw climing added fine day noon or afternoon; Carry out bud picking to pinch in good time.

7. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,

The extermination of disease and insect pest

The disease of lily comprises epidemic disease, virus disease, bacterial slimy soft rot, and the control of epidemic disease before emerging, sprays bordeaux mixture 1 time, and bordeaux mixture proportioning is copper sulphate: quicklime: water ratio is 1:2:200, sprays 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid 2 ~ 3 times after emerging; The control of virus disease sprays 10% pyrrole worm wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid Jia Bindu aquas, 500 ~ 600 times of liquid every spray in 7 ~ 10 days 1 time in time at early growth period, connects spray 4 times; Spray the control that 30% green precious suspending agent 400 times of liquid or 47% Jia Ruinong wetting powder, 800 times of liquid carry out bacterial slimy soft rot; With the 1000 times of liquid controls of 40% Rogor or biological control aphid;

The damage by disease and insect of cowpea comprises the wild snout moth's larva of root rot, leaf mold and beans, root rot and leaf mold all adopt 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 500 ~ 700 times of liquid or 25% that hectogram missible oil 1100 ~ 1400 times of liquid or thiophanate methyl 700 ~ 1000 times of liquid are prevented and treated in their early stage, and the wild snout moth's larva of beans adopts 5% Frontline suspending agent, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500 ~ 3000 times of liquid to prevent and treat.

8. cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that,

Second Year lily growth belt and cowpea growth belt exchange, and realize growth belt between year border and exchange crop rotation.