CN112740963A

CN112740963A - Method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpeas

Info

Publication number: CN112740963A
Application number: CN202011589213.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林艳红; 欧小青; 赵秀河; 包敏辉; 周玥玥; 梁志妙
Original assignee: Beihai Agricultural Science Research Institute Beihai Agricultural Radio And Television School Beihai Farmers Science And Technology Education And Training Center
Current assignee: Beihai Agricultural Science Research Institute Beihai Agricultural Radio And Television School Beihai Farmers Science And Technology Education And Training Center
Priority date: 2020-12-29
Filing date: 2020-12-29
Publication date: 2021-05-04

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, and particularly discloses a method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea, which comprises the following steps: (1) culturing the houttuynia cordata seedlings; (2) soil preparation; (3) sowing cowpeas; (4) and transplanting the houttuynia cordata. According to the method, the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea are interplanted, the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea are mutually beneficial and do not interfere with growth, the pungent fishy smell emitted by the houttuynia cordata can effectively control the plant diseases and insect pests in the cowpea planting process, the yield is improved, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and the quality safety of agricultural products is protected.

Description

Method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpeas

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea.

Background

Houttuynia cordata, another name: herba Clerodendranthi Spicati, radix Pleuroti Erecti, herba Clerodendranthi Spicati, and herba Clerodendranthi Spicati. Is a herb recorded in Chinese pharmacopoeia, and the herb is dried aerial part of houttuynia cordata of Saururaceae. Harvesting in summer when stem and leaf are flourishing and flower ear is more, removing impurities, and drying in the sun. Yu xing Cao is pungent in flavor and cold in nature and enters lung meridian. Has effects in clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling, treating sore, promoting urination, removing dampness, clearing away heat, relieving dysentery, invigorating stomach, and promoting digestion, and can be used for treating lung abscess, pyocutaneous disease, hematochezia, and heat accumulation in spleen and stomach due to excess heat, heat toxin, dampness, and disease heat. The houttuynia cordata is warm in preference to the environment of yin and dampness, the growth temperature is proper and is 15-25 ℃, the houttuynia cordata is cold-resistant, and underground rhizomes can safely overwinter even if the temperature is as low as-15 ℃.

Cowpea is an annual vegetable belonging to genus vigna of family Leguminosae of order Rosales. Cowpea, asparagus bean, and belted bean. Rich in protein and carotene, high nutritive value, good taste and the first popularization degree in various vegetables. The cowpea has effects of invigorating spleen, promoting diuresis, regulating middle warmer, invigorating qi, invigorating kidney, arresting seminal emission, and invigorating stomach. The cowpea is fond of warm climate, can be planted in spring to autumn, can also be planted all year round through greenhouse technology, is generally planted in 2-8 months when being planted in open field, and the temperature in the stage is suitable for the growth of the cowpea, but is best in 3-7 months.

During the cowpea planting process, thrips and aphids seriously damage cowpea plants and can transmit various viruses. In the traditional prevention and treatment, pesticide residue is easily caused by spraying pesticides, and the quality safety of agricultural products is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for interplanting cordate houttuynia and cowpeas, so that the defects that more pesticides are sprayed, pesticide residues are easily caused, and the quality safety of agricultural products is influenced in the existing cowpea planting are overcome.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for interplanting cordate houttuynia and cowpeas, which comprises the following steps: (1) culturing the houttuynia cordata seedlings: cutting herba Houttuyniae into branches for propagation, cutting into 12-15 cm long branches without disease and insect, cutting on sandy soil bed, watering, and shading to allow it to take root and leaf;

(2) land preparation: ploughing the soil, applying a base fertilizer, ploughing for the second time, finely harrowing, and ditching and ridging;

(3) sowing cowpeas: selecting fresh, healthy and complete cowpea seeds, directly sowing the cowpea seeds in the seedbed ditch with the plant spacing of 23 cm, performing hole sowing on 2-3 seeds on each plant, and watering and moisturizing the seeds after sowing;

(4) transplanting the houttuynia cordata: after 2-4 pieces of compound leaves grow out from the seedling of the cowpea, the houttuynia cordata is transplanted beside the cowpea seedling; inserting bamboo poles to guide cowpea vines to be put on a shelf.

The management method of cowpea and herba Houttuyniae is carried out by conventional method. Keeping the soil moist in the early growth stage of the cowpea seedlings and the houttuynia cordata, topdressing according to actual conditions in the middle and later growth stages of plants, and watering in time. The cowpea is planted before the houttuynia cordata, the houttuynia cordata can be shaded, growth of the houttuynia cordata is facilitated, stinking smell given out by the houttuynia cordata can effectively repel pests such as cowpea thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphids and the like, practicality of chemical pesticides is reduced, improvement of cowpea quality is facilitated, and meanwhile utilization rate of land resources is improved.

Preferably, in the step (1), the row spacing of the houttuynia cordata cutting is (12-14) multiplied by 10 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), the base fertilizer consists of decomposed farmyard manure, commercial organic fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, and the alkaline fertilizer is any one of quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate and plant ash. A layer of alkaline fertilizer can be applied first, then the decomposed farmyard manure and commercial organic fertilizer are mixed and applied in the soil, and finally a layer of alkaline fertilizer is applied. The alkaline fertilizer has a good sterilization effect while providing nutrition, and reduces the risk of bacterial and fungal infection of cowpeas and the like in soil.

Preferably, the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from livestock and poultry manure, tea oil residues and shrimp shells according to the weight ratio of (50-80): (20-30) and (2-5) are mixed and fermented. The fermentation inoculum adopts the fermentation inoculum on the market, and is added according to the instruction. The farmyard manure prepared by mixing and fermenting the tea oil residues and the livestock and poultry manure has important antibacterial and bactericidal effects, effectively reduces the infection of bacterial diseases to cowpeas, and lightens pesticides required by cowpea planting. The shrimp shell contains 20-30% of chitin, so that the fermented organic fertilizer has certain rooting and disease-resistant functions, and meanwhile, the content of nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like in farmyard manure is increased, and the cowpea and the houttuynia cordata can grow better.

Preferably, 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer are applied per mu; 20-60kg of alkaline fertilizer.

Preferably, in the step (2), the plowing depth is 40cm, furrows are dug and ridged at intervals of 1.5-1.8 m, and cowpeas are sown in two rows in each furrow.

Preferably, in the middle and later growth period of the cowpea seedlings, decomposed farmyard manure is applied for 3-4 times at intervals of 10-15 days, meanwhile, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-15 days, and then new high-fat film diluent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the new high-fat membrane are purchased from the market, and are sprayed after being dissolved and diluted by adding water according to the specification.

Preferably, the method further comprises the step of arranging an insect attracting device on the ground in the field, wherein the insect attracting device comprises: the insect attracting device comprises an insect attracting yellow board and a plastic bottle, wherein a fluorescent sheet is arranged on the insect attracting yellow board; the top of the plastic bottle is provided with a hanging rope or a hook, the outer side of the lower part of the plastic bottle is wrapped with a circle of insect-attracting yellow board, and the upper part of the plastic bottle is sprayed with a sex attractant.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, the houttuynia cordata is interplanted among the cowpea rows, and the cowpea plants can shade the houttuynia cordata, so that the growth of the houttuynia cordata is facilitated; meanwhile, the cowpea and the houttuynia cordata grow complementarily, the space complementary advantages are fully utilized, and the utilization of land and natural resources is improved.

2. The stinking smell of the houttuynia cordata is utilized, and the pests such as cowpea thrips, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphids and the like can be effectively removed. The smell given out by the cordate houttuynia mainly comprises the components such as houttuynine sodium bisulfite and lauraldehyde, has the efficacy of antibiosis and disinsection, can reduce the application of chemical pesticide, ensure the quality of cowpea, improve the yield of cowpea, and simultaneously, the planting of cowpea meets the green and environmental protection requirements of no public hazard and no pollution. Tests show that after the houttuynia cordata is interplanted, the application of single-crop cowpea pesticides is reduced by 2-3 times, the usage amount of chemical pesticides is reduced by 15.1% -20.2%, and the yield per mu of cowpea is improved by 15% -20%.

3. The base fertilizer adopts decomposed farmyard manure, commercial organic fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, can adjust the microbial environment of soil and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases while providing nutrients required by crop growth. Wherein, the raw materials of the decomposed farmyard manure adopt livestock and poultry manure, tea oil residue and shrimp shells for mixed fermentation. The farmyard manure prepared by mixing and fermenting the tea oil residues and the livestock and poultry manure has important antibacterial and bactericidal effects, effectively reduces the infection of bacterial diseases to cowpeas, and lightens pesticides required by cowpea planting. The shrimp shell contains 20-30% of chitin, so that the fermented organic fertilizer has certain rooting and disease-resistant functions, and meanwhile, the content of nutrient elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like in farmyard manure is increased, and the cowpea and the houttuynia cordata can grow better.

4. According to the invention, high-fat film diluent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the cowpea in the middle and later growth periods while the stinking smell of the houttuynia cordata is used for expelling pests, so that the plant bodies infected by germs can be prevented, and the disease resistance of the cowpea is improved; the use of physical and biological methods such as a larva device is matched, the use of pesticides can be further reduced, the quality of cowpeas is ensured, the green and environment-friendly requirements of no public nuisance and no pollution are met, and the cowpea cultivation method has wide application prospect in the technical field of crop cultivation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the transplantation of houttuynia cordata to cowpea interline in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the flowering and pod bearing of cowpea according to example 1.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of a batch harvested cowpea according to example 1.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

The test site is located in the test base of the agricultural science research institute in northern sea, Guangxi, and is divided into four areas, and the four areas are respectively planted in the following 4 ways.

Example 1

A method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea comprises the following steps:

step (1): the houttuynia cordata is bred by adopting cuttings, and disease-free insect-free healthy and strong branches are cut to be used as cuttings, the cuttings are cut into 12-15 cm long, the cuttings are inserted on a seedbed of sandy soil, and the row spacing and the plant spacing are 14 multiplied by 10 cm. Watering after the cutting, shading and enabling the cutting to take roots and grow leaves.

Step (2): and (3) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, applying a base fertilizer, ploughing for the second time, finely raking, ditching and ridging at intervals of 1.8 m, and sowing cowpeas in two rows per furrow.

The base fertilizer consists of decomposed farmyard manure, commercial organic fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, wherein the alkaline fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Applying 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; 60kg of alkaline fertilizer. The decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting livestock and poultry manure, tea oil residues and shrimp shells according to the weight ratio of 50: 30: 5. The fermentation method of the farmyard manure adopts the existing fermentation method, and ensures the thorough decomposition of the farmyard manure.

And (3): the cowpea adopts a direct sowing propagation mode, namely fresh, healthy and complete cowpea seeds are selected to be directly sowed in seedbed ditches, the plant spacing is 23 cm, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each plant in a hole mode, and watering is carried out after sowing to preserve moisture.

And (4): after 2-4 pieces of compound leaves grow out from the seedling of the cowpea, 4-5 heartleaf houttuynia herbs are transplanted into the cowpea plants in bundles between every two lines of cowpea plants, the operations are repeated once at intervals of 25 cm, and meanwhile, the cowpea vines are led to be put on shelves by inserting bamboo poles.

The management method of cowpea and herba Houttuyniae is carried out by conventional method. Keeping the soil moist in the early growth stage of the cowpea seedlings and the houttuynia cordata, topdressing according to actual conditions in the middle and later growth stages of plants, and watering in time. And applying decomposed farmyard manure 3-4 times at intervals of 10-15 days in the middle and later growth stages of the cowpea seedlings, simultaneously spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaf surfaces for 2-3 times at intervals of 7-15 days, and then spraying new high-fat film diluent on the leaf surfaces. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the new high-fat membrane are purchased from the market, and are sprayed after being dissolved and diluted by adding water according to the specification.

Further, an insect attracting device is disposed at a ground end of a field, the insect attracting device comprising: the insect attracting lamp comprises an insect attracting yellow board, a plastic bottle and an insect killing lamp, wherein a fluorescent sheet is arranged on the insect attracting yellow board; a hanging rope or a hook is arranged at the top of the plastic bottle, a circle of insect-attracting yellow board is wrapped at the outer side of the lower part of the plastic bottle, and a sex attractant is sprayed on the upper part of the plastic bottle; the insecticidal lamp stands on the ground through the upright post.

The growth conditions of the cordate houttuynia and the cowpeas can be shown in figures 1-3, the cowpeas are interplanted by the cordate houttuynia, the cowpeas grow in a shading mode, and plants grow complementarily, so that the space complementary advantages of the cowpeas are fully utilized, and the utilization of land and natural resources is improved.

Example 2

step (1): the houttuynia cordata is bred by adopting cuttings, and disease-free insect-free healthy and strong branches are cut to be used as cuttings, the cuttings are cut into lengths of 12-15 cm, the cuttings are inserted on a seedbed of sandy soil, and the row spacing is 12 multiplied by 10 cm. Watering after the cutting, shading and enabling the cutting to take roots and grow leaves.

Step (2): and (3) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 50cm, applying a base fertilizer, ploughing for the second time, finely raking, ditching and ridging at intervals of 1.5 m, and sowing cowpeas in two rows per furrow.

The base fertilizer consists of decomposed farmyard manure, commercial organic fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, wherein the alkaline fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Applying 500kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu; 20kg of alkaline fertilizer. The decomposed farmyard manure is prepared by mixing and fermenting livestock and poultry manure, tea oil residues and shrimp shells according to the weight ratio of 80: 20: 2. The fermentation method of the farmyard manure adopts the existing fermentation method, and ensures the thorough decomposition of the farmyard manure.

And (3): the cowpea adopts a direct sowing propagation mode, namely fresh, healthy and complete cowpea seeds are directly sown in seedbed ditches with the plant spacing of 30 cm, 2-3 seeds are sown in each plant in a hole mode, and watering is carried out after sowing to preserve moisture.

And (4): after 2-4 pieces of compound leaves grow out from the seedlings of the cowpeas, 4-5 heartleaf houttuynia herbs are transplanted to the side of cowpea plants in bundles to form a cowpea-heartleaf-cowpea linear planting mode, and meanwhile, bamboo poles are inserted to guide cowpea vines to be put on shelves.

Further, an insect attracting device is disposed at a ground end of a field, the insect attracting device comprising: the insect attracting device comprises an insect attracting yellow board and a plastic bottle, wherein a fluorescent sheet is arranged on the insect attracting yellow board; the top of the plastic bottle is provided with a hanging rope or a hook, the outer side of the lower part of the plastic bottle is wrapped with a circle of insect-attracting yellow board, and the upper part of the plastic bottle is sprayed with a sex attractant.

Comparative example 1

Step (2): and (3) ploughing the soil, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, throwing 500kg of farmyard manure into the soil per mu as a base fertilizer, ploughing twice, finely raking, ditching and ridging according to 1.8 m, and sowing cowpeas in two lines per quail ditching.

The management method of cowpea and herba Houttuyniae is carried out by conventional method.

Comparative example 2

Planting cowpeas according to a conventional method, wherein the row spacing of the cowpeas is 23 cm, and 2-3 seeds are sowed in each row. Before sowing, 1000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu. And (5) carrying out cowpea management according to a conventional method. No crop is interplanted in the cowpea planting field.

The yield and indexes of cowpea by the four planting methods are shown in table 1

Table 1: yield and each item of cowpea under different treatments

As can be seen from table 1, the cordate houttuynia is interplanted in the cowpea land, and the special decomposed farmyard manure is adopted, so that the occurrence and the damage of the diseases and the insect pests of the cowpea can be effectively reduced, the disease rate is obviously lower than that of a planting method for singly planting the cowpea, the pesticide residue is reduced, the quality of the cowpea is ensured, and the yield of the cowpea is further improved; in addition, the houttuynia cordata can be picked, and the comprehensive utilization value of the land is improved.

In conclusion, according to the method, the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea are interplanted, the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea are mutually beneficial and do not interfere with growth, the pungent fishy smell emitted by the houttuynia cordata can effectively control the plant diseases and insect pests in the cowpea planting process, the yield is improved, the use of chemical pesticides can be reduced, and the quality safety of agricultural products is protected.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) culturing the houttuynia cordata seedlings: cutting herba Houttuyniae into branches for propagation, cutting into 12-15 cm long branches without disease and insect, cutting on sandy soil bed, watering, and shading to allow it to take root and leaf;

2. The method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the row spacing of the houttuynia cordata cuttage is (12-14) x 10 cm.

3. The method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpea according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the base fertilizer is composed of decomposed farmyard manure, commercial organic fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer, and the alkaline fertilizer is any one of quicklime, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and plant ash.

4. The method for interplanting the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea according to claim 3, wherein the decomposed farmyard manure is prepared from livestock and poultry manure, tea oil residues and shrimp shells in a weight ratio of (50-80): (20-30) and (2-5) are mixed and fermented.

5. The method for interplanting the houttuynia cordata and the cowpea according to claim 3, wherein 1000kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer are applied per mu; 20-60kg of alkaline fertilizer.

6. The method for interplanting cowpeas in houttuynia cordata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the plowing depth is 40cm, furrows are dug and ridged at intervals of 1.5-1.8 meters, and cowpeas are sown in two rows per quail.

7. The method for interplanting the houttuynia cordata and the cowpeas according to claim 1, wherein decomposed farmyard manure is applied 3-4 times at intervals of 10-15 days in the middle and later growth stages of the cowpea seedlings, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces 2-3 times at intervals of 7-15 days, and then new high-fat film diluent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.

8. The method for interplanting the houttuynia cordata and the cowpeas according to claim 1, further comprising the step of arranging an insect attracting device on the field, wherein the insect attracting device comprises: the insect attracting device comprises an insect attracting yellow board and a plastic bottle, wherein a fluorescent sheet is arranged on the insect attracting yellow board; the top of the plastic bottle is provided with a hanging rope or a hook, the outer side of the lower part of the plastic bottle is wrapped with a circle of insect-attracting yellow board, and the upper part of the plastic bottle is sprayed with a sex attractant.