CN105993478A - Orchard grass intercropping method - Google Patents
Orchard grass intercropping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993478A CN105993478A CN201610349631.3A CN201610349631A CN105993478A CN 105993478 A CN105993478 A CN 105993478A CN 201610349631 A CN201610349631 A CN 201610349631A CN 105993478 A CN105993478 A CN 105993478A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and provides an orchard grass intercropping method. The method comprises the following steps: zones are divided, wherein grass is planted between orchard lines, and straws are laid within a range of 0.5m from tree trunks; plowing is carried out, wherein an EM inoculant is spread to grass planting zone soil, and plowing is carried out after 20-30 days; seed soaking is carried out, wherein grass seeds are soaked with the EM inoculant for 4-12h, and are air-dried at a shaded and ventilated place; sowing is carried out, wherein a sprinkler irrigation treatment is carried out with a diluted composite bacterial fertilizer, and uniform sowing is carried out with a sowing amount of 12-15kg/Mu when the soil is moist; management is carried out, wherein watering is carried out after sowing, and sprinkler irrigation is carried out with a diluted EM inoculant when seedlings uniformly shoot; and maintenance is carried out, wherein a grass height is maintained at 10-20cm, and a mixture of trimmed-off grass and straws is laid within a range of a tree base. The method has water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and drought-resisting functions. With the method, farm chemical is not applied, and the effect of green manure is good. Chemical fertilizer is saved, and disease degree can be reduced from the source. Soil salinization can be effectively ameliorated, and fruits can be green and organic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, particularly relate to a kind of orchard intercropping grass planting method.
Background technology
Orchard ground cover covers can increase the soil organism and soil fertility effectively, keeps soil moisture to improve yield and the matter of fruit
Amount, National agricultural portion started to widely popularize the Herba Trifolii Pratentis soverlay technique in orchard from 2000.
Present Orchard Plant Cover Technology uses single grass seeds mostly, there are some problems,
(1) in nonirrigated farmland, semiarid land or the north orchard in mountain area, strive the particularly thorny of rich water with fruit tree；On the ground in orchard all
All planting grass, the root system in fruit tree root soil is shallow, lives in in a piece of soil layer with the root of grass, thus there will be grass with
Fruit tree strives fertilizer, strives the phenomenon of water；
(2) in the summer of high temperature and rainy, after grass fermentation, heating causes butt cortex, xylem to be injured and rot: due to
Clear cultivated management for many years is used with chemical fertilizer, and the microorganism of topsoil is fewer and feweri, causes grass decomposition under field conditions (factors) very
Slowly, the when of encountering high temperature and rainy, under the influence of environment, undecomposed grass rapid fermentation will produce heat, causes trunk
Base portion is injured；
(3) some pest and disease damage becomes heavy: after SHENGCAO, and sick leaf is difficult clear most, and pathogenic bacteria radix greatly, easily causes the big of next year disease and sends out
Raw, the unification of grass planting, can increase with this grass is the insects and disease eaten, and increases the frequency that orchard pest and disease damage occurs；
(4) plague of rats increases the weight of, and especially plants the orchard of alfalfa, general kind alfalfa and the orchard of Mao Ye broom, trunk table
Skin often attracts mouse, affects tree vigo(u)r and yield.
To this, having research to make improvement, application publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN104429420 discloses banding sod culture and grass
Seed mixed seeding, mixed seeding grass seeds is based on the short and small careless class of plant, such as: Herba Medicaginis, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., Herba Trifolii Pratentis, sesbania, astragatus complanatus and
Villose vetches etc., effectively improve soil compaction, have water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drought resisting and reduce the effects such as disease, but green manure
Effect is poor, and during fruit tree growth, does not reduce in the consumption of pesticide, and this implantation methods, there is grass seeds
Emergence rate is low, causes disease species many and miscellaneous, final-period management difficulty, need to strengthen the usage amount of pesticide, increases management cost etc. and asks
Topic, the most traditional plants the careless effect that can intercept soil-borne pathogen, but in soil, the quantity of soil-borne disease bacterium is constant, therefore,
Vulnerable for emergency case, once weather is suitable, still can produce the disease caused by soil-borne disease, it is impossible to from all
Upper minimizing disease.
Summary of the invention
For the technical problem of above-mentioned existence, the present invention provides one to have water conservation, fertilizer conservation, drought resistance function, not applying pesticides,
Green manure is effective, saves chemical fertilizer, can fundamentally reduce degree of disease, can be effectively improved soil property salinization of soil, it is achieved fruit is green
The orchard intercropping grass planting method organised.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) partition: straw in the ranks in order to grass planting, grassed area width 0.5-3m, is laid in the range of distance trunk 0.5m in orchard,
Straw laying depth is 1-5cm；
(2) turning over: spread fertilizer over the fields EM microbial inoculum to grassed area soil, consumption is 50-100kg/ mu, and 20-30 turns over after day,
Ploughed depth is 5-25cm；
(3) seed soaking: drying at shady and cool ventilation after soaking grass seed 4-12h with composite bacteria agent capable, EM microbial inoculum dilution ratio is
1:300-400, grass seed includes that Festuca Arundinacea, rye grass and annual bluegrass, the consumption proportion of Festuca Arundinacea, rye grass and annual bluegrass are
5-6:2.5-4:1；
(4) sowing: carrying out sprinkling irrigation process with composite bacterial fertilizer dilution, composite bacterial fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:400-500, ground moistening
After uniformly sow, depth of planting 1-1.5cm, sowing consumption be 12-15kg/ mu；
(5) management: after planting water, makes moisture penetrate into earth's surface 8-10cm, again waters permeable after germinateing neatly, and Seedling all sprouts
After, spraying with the dilution of EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum dilution ratio is 1:300-500；
(6) safeguard: natural plant height degree is 10-20cm, prunes in time more than 20cm, and the broken grass after pruning mixes laying with straw
In the range of tree dish.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, in step (2), ploughed depth is adjusted according to soil property situation, soil
Soil tillage degree of depth 5-15cm that matter is loose, harden soil ploughed depth 15-25cm.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, in step (2), EM microbial inoculum used is MP composite bacteria preparation, bag
Include following components (parts by weight):
MP compound probiotic 1-2 part, wheat bran 1.5-2.5 part, grass meal 10.5-12.5 part, Semen Maydis powder 0.3-1 part, syrup 0.5-1.5
Part, water 3-5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.08 part, calcium phosphate 0.04-0.07 part, potassium sulfate 0.02-0.06 part and medicinal herb components
0.05-0.1 part；
Wherein, MP compound probiotic includes following components (parts by weight): composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, bran
Skin 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part, Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part and water 180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, in step (3) and step (5), EM microbial inoculum used is chitin
Composite bacteria agent capable, including following components (parts by weight):
Composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, wheat bran 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part,
Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part, chitin 0.001-0.005 part, biological selenium 0.006-0.01 part, medicinal herb components 0.05-0.1 part and water
180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, in step (3), grass seed may also include Vicia sativa, Herba Trifolii Pratentis and rattail fescue
One or more in grass.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, in step (4), composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, including
Following components (parts by weight):
Composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, wheat bran 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part,
Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part, medicinal herb components 0.05-0.1 part and water 180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, grass seed is mixed in (4) by step with fine sand, carries out after stirring
Sowing, the mixing quality of grass seed and fine sand ratio for 1:2, carry out with the wind with sowing twice against the wind.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, employing sprinkling irrigation mode of watering in step (5) is carried out.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, step (5) is watered the permeable time when being morning 10 before or afternoon
During 3-5.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention, further, can spray Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer on broken grass and straw in step (6)
Diluent, Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:400-500.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention is at fruit tree inter-row green covering, and tree dish is ploughed clearly and covered, and it is foster that fruit tree root does not has grass to fight for it
Point, and the about 20-30cm layer under earth's surface of fruit tree root system in the ranks, grass roots then more than 20cm under earth's surface, it is in the difference of soil
Stratum, does not thus have grass and strives fertilizer with fruit tree, strive the phenomenon of water.The grass that fruit tree is in the ranks planted can pass through oxygen release fixed nitrogen,
Jointly nitrogen in air is transferred to microorganism organic nitrogen, improves Soil Nitrogen Content, can effectively suppress saline and alkaline upper shifting, prevent
Salination occurs, it is adaptable to soil improvement.The present invention chooses grass seeds gramineous, carries out miscegenation plantation, with Festuca Arundinacea, rye (Secale cereale L.)
Grass and annual bluegrass are main, and this type of grass seeds root system grows in 1 year up to 1-2 rice, and flourishing root system can be prevented waterlogging with water conservation, effectively hinders
Every soil-borne pathogen, reducing the disease sickness rate of fruit tree, suppress weed growth, the green manure effect of gramineous grass is much better than and plants simultaneously
Grass seeds that strain is short and small also is difficult to recruit the plague of rats；Many grass seeds plant can increase the rich of grass class, thus increases the rich of insects, with
Reach to control with worm the purpose of worm, reduce orchard pest and disease damage odds；When starting kind careless, at fruit tree root improving straw mulching,
Straw can reduce scattering and disappearing of soil moisture, reduces the incidence rate of soil-borne disease, also can increase soil fertility, at grass after decomposition
Growth stage, the Altitude control of grass is pruned in time in 10-20cm, the part more than 20cm, prunes lower broken grass mixed with straw
Slowly decompose in the range of closing the tree dish being laid under tree, the water loss that not only can reduce under tree dish in soil, and decompose
After organic matter can directly be absorbed by fruit tree, greatly reduce using of fertilizer, reduce cost, environmental protection.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention and the microbial inoculum of delicate legion, bacterial manure with the use of, before turning over, soil is applied
MP composite bacteria preparation and Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, manually with the addition of profitable strain, adds the content of microorganisms in soil, due to micro-
Biological advantage is dominated phenomenon and the extremely most microorganisms in soil can be led to walk toward useful direction, can suppress in soil simultaneously
Harmful levels of pathogens, reduces orchard pest and disease damage odds；The use time is the longest, and the beneficial microbe of soil self is the most,
Fundamentally suppress the generation of soil-borne disease.Grass seed chitin composite bacteria agent capable is soaked seed by the present invention prior to seeding, chitin
Containing medicinal herb components, chitin and biological selenium in composite bacteria agent capable, one layer of beneficial microbe film can be covered in grass seed appearance, can increase
Add grass seed physiologically active, improve emergence rate, effectively suppress the existence of external pathogen, improve disease-resistant, cold-resistant, the drought resisting of crop
Ability, promote that blade face horny layer thickeies, promote the chlorophyll content of blade of grass, improve the immunitys of three conjunction grass.The present invention cradles
Broken grass sprays Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer to broken grass after covering, and wherein contains a large amount of probiotics, and these beneficial microbes can drive in soil
Microorganism decompose weeds together, the decomposition rate of grass accelerates, even if meeting hot and humid weather, because of undecomposed number of weeds
Amount is few, is therefore not enough to the base portion of tree is produced harm, optimizes orchard microenvironment；Kind grass with microorganism with the use of to soil
The effect of improvement is far superior to simple grass planting.
General kind grass method is only kind of a grass, is to use the mode sprayed insecticide for disease and insect pest, same spray insecticide
Time, also it is harmful for beneficial microbe, the present invention plants after grass during whole fruit tree growth, no longer uses any chemistry
Pesticide, by kind of grass and microorganism with the use of, can fully play the effect of pre-disease prevention, make fruit reach organic standard.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Plant according to following catch cropping grass planting method:
(1) partition: grassed area width 0.5m, lays straw in the range of distance trunk 0.5m, and straw laying depth is 2
cm；
(2) turning over: spread fertilizer over the fields EM microbial inoculum to grassed area soil, consumption is 50kg/ mu, turns over after 20 days, and soil turns over
Tilling depth degree 5cm；The EM microbial inoculum used is MP composite bacteria preparation, and MP composite bacteria preparation formula is as shown in table 1,2,3 and 4；
Table 1 MP composite bacteria preparation recipe ingredient
| (parts by weight) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| MP compound probiotic | 1.5 | 1 | 2 |
| Wheat bran | 2 | 1.5 | 2.5 |
| Grass meal | 11.5 | 10.5 | 12.5 |
| Semen Maydis powder | 0.6 | 1 | 0.3 |
| Syrup | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| Phosphoamide | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Calcium phosphate | 0..07 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Potassium sulfate | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Medicinal herb components | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
| Water | 3 | 5 | 4 |
Wherein, the concrete recipe ingredient of MP compound probiotic is as shown in table 2.
The recipe ingredient of table 2 MP compound probiotic
| (parts by weight) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Composite bacteria | 7 | 10 | 12 |
| Syrup | 7 | 12 | 10 |
| Wheat bran | 1.5 | 1 | 1.2 |
| Phosphoamide | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| NaCl | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.1 |
| Folium Camelliae sinensis | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Water | 180 | 210 | 250 |
Wherein, the concrete proportioning component of composite bacteria is as shown in table 3.
The proportioning component of table 3 composite bacteria
Wherein, the concrete proportioning component of medicinal herb components is as shown in table 4.
The proportioning component of table 4 medicinal herb components
| (parts by weight) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Rhizoma Coptidis | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Radix Scutellariae | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Folium Artemisiae Argyi | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| The Rhizoma Anemarrhenae | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Fructus Corni | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Radix Glycyrrhizae | 1 | 1 | 2 |
(3) seed soaking: dry at shady and cool ventilation after soaking grass seed 4h with EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum used is that chitin is multiple
Closing microbial inoculum, the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is 1:300, grass seed grass seed mix, and concrete grass seed kind and consumption proportion are such as
Shown in table 5, the concrete formula proportion of chitin composite bacteria agent capable used is as shown in table 6, wherein composite bacteria and medicinal herb components
Concrete formula is as described in table 3 and 4；
(4) sowing: carrying out sprinkling irrigation process with composite bacterial fertilizer dilution, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, and Chinese medicine is combined
The dilution ratio of bacterial manure is 1:400, uniformly sows after ground moistening, depth of planting 1-1.5cm, and sowing consumption is 15kg/
Mu；The optimum season of sowing in the north is that mid-April to the last ten-days period or late August are to early October；Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer used
Concrete formula proportion is as shown in table 7, and wherein the concrete formula of composite bacteria and medicinal herb components is as described in table 3 and 4；Can carry out
Mechanical planting, it is possible to carry out artificial seeding, during artificial seeding, mixes grass seed with fine sand, carries out with the wind with inverse after stirring
Anemochory kind twice, to ensure that planting density is uniform, the mixing quality of grass seed and fine sand ratio is for 1:2；
(5) management: after planting water in sprinkling irrigation mode, makes moisture penetrate into earth's surface 8-10cm, after germinateing neatly again
Water permeable, water the permeable time when being morning 10 before, it is to avoid water with evening at dusk, easily cause disease, after Seedling all sprouts, with
Spraying after the dilution of EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum used is chitin composite bacteria agent capable, and the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is
1:300；
(6) safeguard: natural plant height degree is 10-20cm, prunes in time more than 20cm, and the broken grass after pruning mixes laying with straw
In the range of tree dish, and can spray composite bacterial fertilizer diluent on broken grass and straw, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer,
The dilution ratio of Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer is 1:400, to accelerate tree dish straw and the decomposition rate of grass, it is to avoid grass is hot and humid
Fast decoupled injury fruit tree base portion under environment.
The kind of the grass seed planted in each embodiment of table 5 and proportioning
| Proportioning | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Festuca Arundinacea | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Rye grass | 2.5 | 2.5 | |
| Annual bluegrass | 1 | 2 | |
| Vicia sativa | 1 | 1 | |
| Herba Trifolii Pratentis | 1.5 | ||
| Rattail fescue grass | 1 |
The recipe ingredient of table 6 chitin composite bacteria agent capable
| (parts by weight) | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Composite bacteria | 12 | 9 | 7 |
| Syrup | 7 | 12 | 9 |
| Wheat bran | 1 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Phosphoamide | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| NaCl | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.1 |
| Folium Camelliae sinensis | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Chitin | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Biological selenium | 0.006 | 0.01 | 0.008 |
| Medicinal herb components | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
| Water | 250 | 210 | 180 |
The recipe ingredient of table 7 Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer
Embodiment 2
Plant according to following catch cropping grass planting method:
(1) partition: grassed area width 1.5m, lays straw in the range of distance trunk 0.5m, and straw laying depth is 3cm；
(2) turning over: spread fertilizer over the fields EM microbial inoculum to grassed area soil, EM microbial inoculum used is MP composite bacteria preparation, and consumption is 70
Kg/ mu, turned over after 20 days, Soil tillage degree of depth 15cm；MP composite bacteria preparation formula is as shown in table 1,2,3 and 4；
(3) seed soaking: dry at shady and cool ventilation after soaking grass seed 8h with EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum used is that chitin is multiple
Closing microbial inoculum, the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is 1:400, grass seed grass seed mix, and concrete grass seed kind and consumption proportion are such as
Shown in table 5, the concrete formula proportion of chitin composite bacteria agent capable used is as shown in table 6, wherein composite bacteria and medicinal herb components
Concrete formula is as described in table 3 and 4；
(4) sowing: carrying out sprinkling irrigation process with composite bacterial fertilizer dilution, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, and Chinese medicine is combined
The dilution ratio of bacterial manure is 1:500, uniformly sows after ground moistening, depth of planting 1.5cm, and sowing consumption is 12kg/ mu；
The optimum season of sowing in the north is that mid-April to the last ten-days period or late August are to early October；Described Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer concrete
Formula proportion is as shown in table 7, and wherein the concrete formula of composite bacteria and medicinal herb components is as described in table 3 and 4；Machinery can be carried out
Sowing, it is possible to carry out artificial seeding, during artificial seeding, mixed with fine sand by grass seed, carries out after stirring broadcasting with contrary wind with the wind
Kind twice, to ensure that planting density is uniform, the mixing quality of grass seed and fine sand ratio is for 1:2；
(5) management: after planting water in sprinkling irrigation mode, makes moisture penetrate into earth's surface 8-10cm, after germinateing neatly again
Water permeable, water the permeable time when being morning 10 before, it is to avoid water with evening at dusk, easily cause disease, after Seedling all sprouts, with
The dilution of EM microbial inoculum sprays, and EM microbial inoculum used is chitin composite bacteria agent capable, and the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is
1:400；
(6) safeguard: natural plant height degree is 10-20cm, prunes in time more than 20cm, and the broken grass after pruning mixes laying with straw
In the range of tree dish, and can spray composite bacterial fertilizer diluent on broken grass and straw, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer,
The dilution ratio of Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer is 1:500, to accelerate tree dish straw and the decomposition rate of grass, it is to avoid grass is hot and humid
Fast decoupled injury fruit tree base portion under environment.
Embodiment 3
Plant according to following catch cropping grass planting method:
(1) partition: grassed area width 3m, lays straw in the range of distance trunk 0.5m, and straw laying depth is 5cm；
(2) turning over: spread fertilizer over the fields EM microbial inoculum to grassed area soil, EM microbial inoculum used is MP composite bacteria preparation, and consumption is 100
Kg/ mu, turned over after 20 days, Soil tillage degree of depth 25cm；MP composite bacteria preparation formula is as shown in table 1,2,3 and 4；
(3) seed soaking: dry at shady and cool ventilation after soaking grass seed 12h with EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum used is that chitin is multiple
Closing microbial inoculum, the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is 1:350, grass seed grass seed mix, and concrete grass seed kind and consumption proportion are such as
Shown in table 5, the concrete formula proportion of chitin composite bacteria agent capable used is as shown in table 6, wherein composite bacteria and medicinal herb components
Concrete formula is as described in table 3 and 4；
(4) sowing: carrying out sprinkling irrigation process with composite bacterial fertilizer dilution, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, and Chinese medicine is combined
The dilution ratio of bacterial manure is 1:450, uniformly sows after ground moistening, depth of planting 1.2cm, and sowing consumption is 14kg/ mu；
The optimum season of sowing in the north is that mid-April to the last ten-days period or late August are to early October；Described Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer concrete
Formula proportion is as shown in table 7, and wherein the concrete formula of composite bacteria and medicinal herb components is as described in table 3 and 4；Machinery can be carried out
Sowing, it is possible to carry out artificial seeding, during artificial seeding, mixed with fine sand by grass seed, carries out after stirring broadcasting with contrary wind with the wind
Kind twice, to ensure that planting density is uniform, the mixing quality of grass seed and fine sand ratio is for 1:2；
(5) management: after planting water in sprinkling irrigation mode, makes moisture penetrate into earth's surface 8-10cm, after germinateing neatly again
Water permeable, water the permeable time when being morning 10 before, it is to avoid water with evening at dusk, easily cause disease, after Seedling all sprouts, with
The dilution of EM microbial inoculum sprays, and EM microbial inoculum used is chitin composite bacteria agent capable, and the dilution ratio of chitin composite bacteria agent capable is
1:500；
(6) safeguard: natural plant height degree is 10-20cm, prunes in time more than 20cm, and the broken grass after pruning mixes laying with straw
In the range of tree dish, and can spray composite bacterial fertilizer diluent on broken grass and straw, composite bacterial fertilizer used is Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer,
The dilution ratio of Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer is 1:450, to accelerate tree dish straw and the decomposition rate of grass, it is to avoid grass is hot and humid
Fast decoupled injury fruit tree base portion under environment.
Comparative example 1
Using implantation methods described in embodiment 1 and embodiment 3, plant apple tree in test block, salt-soda soil, soil property is sandy loam,
Soil regime is as shown in table 8, is evenly dividing test block, if experimental group and matched group, often group 3 is parallel, and matched group is not carried out
Catch cropping grass planting, normal fertilising laxative plantation.
Table 8 test block soil property situation
Planting fruit trees the 3rd year, the soil regime of each group having carried out detection and has analyzed, concrete testing result is as shown in table 9.
Table 9 test block soil property situation
Analyzed from table 9, raise fruit trees according to method shown in above-described embodiment, compared with the matched group of normal sowing, soil
Situation has obtained obvious improvement.Experimental group is compared with matched group, and the content of organic matter improves about 60%, and micro organism quantity improves
90%, soil moisture content improves 45%, soil pH value falls below 6.5-7.5, and soluble salt content reduces about 72%, speed
Effect phosphorus content also improve about 39%, salinization of soil degree has obtained alleviating significantly, by strong salt-affected soil alleviate to
The almost scope of normal soil, soluble salt content falls below 0.34%.This be primarily due to experimental group use the embodiment of the present invention 1,
Fruit tree inter-row green covering described in 3, the cultivated clearly implantation methods covered of tree dish, fruit tree root does not has grass to fight for nutrient and moisture with it, and
The careless well developed root system in the ranks planted, has the effect of good water conservation prevention waterlogging, and can pass through oxygen release fixed nitrogen, improve soil nitrogen and contain
Amount, can effectively suppress saline and alkaline upper shifting, prevent salination from occurring；The green manure of gramineous grass selected is effective, its prune under broken
Swath slowly decomposes in the range of being located at the tree dish under tree, has both reduced the water loss in soil under tree dish, has also improved soil
Fertilizer efficiency.Orchard intercropping grass planting method of the present invention and the microbial inoculum of delicate legion, bacterial manure with the use of, manually with the addition of in soil
Profitable strain, adds the content of microorganisms in soil, uses the time the longest, and the beneficial microbe of soil self is the most,
Fundamentally suppress the generation of soil-borne disease.
Comparative example 2
Using implantation methods described in embodiment 2, plant mandarin tree in heavy metal pollution test block, soil property is sandy soil, soil regime
As shown in table 10, being evenly dividing test block, if experimental group and matched group, often group 3 is parallel, and matched group does not carry out catch cropping grass planting,
Normal fertilising laxative plantation.
Table 10 test block soil property situation
Fruit tree result the 2nd year, the soil of test block and fruit tree producing fruit and has the most all carried out detection and analyze, knot is analyzed in concrete detection
Fruit is as shown in table 11.
Content of beary metal contrast in table 11 test block soil, fruit
As shown in Table 11, the most a little higher than matched group of total content of heavy metal cadmium, lead and the copper in experimental group soil, and cadmium in fruit,
The content of lead and copper is than reducing 96.3%, 94.7% and 88.5% respectively in matched group.According to GB15201-1994 " food
Middle cadmium tolerance limit ", GB14935-1994 " Pb in food tolerance limit " and GB15199-1994 " copper in food
Tolerance limit ", the content limitation of cadmium, lead and copper in fruit is respectively 0.05mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg and 10mg/kg,
In the range of content of beary metal is all below limitation in the fruit of experimental group, after illustrating to be applied with composite bacteria agent capable, change weight in soil
The existence form of metal, effectively hinders its migration in fruit tree and fruit, greatly reduces containing of heavy metal in fruit
Amount, makes the Heavy Metals in soil be unfavorable for migrating simultaneously, has reached the improvement of soil regime simultaneously.
Comparative example 3
Using implantation methods described in embodiment 1, plant apple tree, mandarin tree and peach tree in normal soil test block, soil property is husky
Loam, is evenly dividing test block, if experimental group and matched group, often group 3 is parallel, and matched group does not carry out catch cropping grass planting, normally
Fertilising laxative plantation.
Having added up planting fruit trees annual disease sickness rate in 5 years, concrete disease sickness rate result is as shown in table 12.
Table 12 each embodiment fruit tree annual disease sickness rate situation
As shown in Table 12, using method described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 to plant, the sickness rate of Fructus Mali pumilae, Citrus and peach tree all has
Significantly reducing, multiple representative disease can reach zero morbidity, and the disease sickness rate of all statistics is less than 0.2%.This is because
The inventive method uses catch cropping grass planting, and many grass seeds plant increases the rich of grass class, thus adds the rich of insects, to reach
To controlling the purpose of worm with worm, reduce orchard pest and disease damage odds；When starting kind careless, at fruit tree root improving straw mulching,
Also can reduce the incidence rate of soil-borne disease, and present invention plantation and the microbial inoculum of delicate legion, bacterial manure with the use of, manually add
Profitable strain, adds the content of microorganisms in soil, due to the advantage of microorganism dominate that phenomenon can lead in soil the most
Number microorganism is walked toward useful direction, can suppress the harmful levels of pathogens in soil simultaneously, reduces orchard pest and disease damage odds；
The use time is the longest, and the beneficial microbe of soil self is the most, fundamentally suppresses the generation of soil-borne disease.
Comparative example 4
In comparative example 3 being tested, fruit tree continues plantation, the average product fruit fruit quality detection result from fruit tree batch results, in 2 years
Gained variable quantity is as shown in table 13 compared with respective matched group.
Table 13 produces fruit fruit matter variable quantity compared with matched group
| Fructus Mali pumilae | Citrus | Fructus Persicae | |
| Single fruit weight (g) | 15.8 | 7.9 | 5.7 |
| Sugar content (%) | 10.9 | 3.4 | 5.6 |
| One-level fruit rate (%) | 9.2 | 10.4 | 6.4 |
| Peel thickness (mm) | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.1 |
| Really footpath (cm) | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| Soluble solid content (%) | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
As described in Table 12, with compared with kind comparison, the single fruit weight of Fructus Mali pumilae can increase 15.8g, and sugar content can increase by 10.9%,
Soluble solid content can increase by 1.3%, and the one-level of Citrus fruit rate can increase by 10.4%, and peel thickness can reduce 0.2mm,
Really footpath can increase 1.5cm, and the indices of Fructus Persicae is the most all greatly increased.Visible, implantation methods of the present invention,
Can be effectively improved the fruit quality of woodland fruit tree, this is primarily due to use implantation methods of the present invention to be effectively increased soil
Nutriture, improves the fertility of soil, and does not use any chemical pesticide in whole planting process, pruning broken
Swath is located under fruit tree tree dish, and broken grass sprays Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, wherein contains a large amount of probiotics, these beneficial microbes
The microorganism in soil can be driven to decompose weeds together, and the decomposition rate of grass accelerates, and nutritional labeling is directly absorbed by fruit tree, absorbs
Utilizing status is far above using chemical fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
Use implantation methods described in embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, plant apple tree, Citrus chachiensis Hort. in normal soil test block
Tangerine and peach tree, soil property is sandy loam, is evenly dividing test block, if experimental group and matched group, often group 3 is parallel, matched group
Do not carry out catch cropping grass planting, normal fertilising laxative plantation.
From fruit tree batch results, compared with respective matched group, the average volume increase yield in 2 years is as shown in table 14.
Table averagely increased production yield in 14 2 years
| Kg/ unit experiment area | Fructus Mali pumilae | Citrus | Fructus Persicae |
| Embodiment 1 | 89.4 | 100.4 | 76.4 |
| Embodiment 2 | 80.7 | 103.8 | 65.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 72.4 | 98.6 | 68.9 |
As described in Table 13, above experimental group is compared with matched group, under identical environmental condition, uses the method for the invention kind
Planting fruit tree, fruit output is significantly improved, and in unit experiment area, the average volume increase yield of Fructus Mali pumilae, Citrus and Fructus Persicae is about
For 80.8kg, 100.9kg and 70.2kg, economic benefit have also been obtained raising.
Embodiment described above is only to be described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not carries out the scope of the present invention
Limiting, on the premise of designing spirit without departing from the present invention, technical scheme is made by those of ordinary skill in the art
Various deformation and improvement, all should fall in the protection domain that claims of the present invention determines.
Claims (10)
1. orchard intercropping grass planting method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) partition: straw in the ranks in order to grass planting, grassed area width 0.5-3m, is laid in the range of distance trunk 0.5m in orchard,
Straw laying depth is 1-5cm；
(2) turning over: spread fertilizer over the fields EM microbial inoculum to grassed area soil, consumption is 50-100kg/ mu, and 20-30 turns over after day,
Ploughed depth is 5-25cm；
(3) seed soaking: drying at shady and cool ventilation after soaking grass seed 4-12h with EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum dilution ratio is
1:300-400, grass seed includes Festuca Arundinacea, rye grass and annual bluegrass, the consumption of Festuca Arundinacea, rye grass and annual bluegrass
Proportioning is 5-6:2.5-4:1；
(4) sowing: carrying out sprinkling irrigation process with composite bacterial fertilizer dilution, composite bacterial fertilizer dilution ratio is 1:400-500, ground moistening
After uniformly sow, depth of planting 1-1.5cm, sowing consumption be 12-15kg/ mu；
(5) management: after planting water, makes moisture penetrate into earth's surface 8-10cm, again waters permeable after germinateing neatly, and Seedling all sprouts
After, spraying with the dilution of EM microbial inoculum, EM microbial inoculum dilution ratio is 1:300-500；
(6) safeguarding: natural plant height degree is 10-20cm, prunes in time more than 20cm, the broken grass after pruning mixes with straw and is laid on
In the range of tree dish.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2) ploughed depth according to
Soil property situation is adjusted, Soil tillage degree of depth 5-15cm that the soil is porous, and harden soil ploughed depth 15-25cm.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: EM microbial inoculum used in step (2)
For MP composite bacteria preparation, including following components (parts by weight):
MP compound probiotic 1-2 part, wheat bran 1.5-2.5 part, grass meal 10.5-12.5 part, Semen Maydis powder 0.3-1 part, syrup 0.5-1.5
Part, water 3-5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.08 part, calcium phosphate 0.04-0.07 part, potassium sulfate 0.02-0.06 part and medicinal herb components
0.05-0.1 part；
Wherein, MP compound probiotic includes following components (parts by weight): composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, bran
Skin 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part, Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part and water 180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute in step (3) and step (5)
It is chitin composite bacteria agent capable with EM microbial inoculum, including following components (parts by weight):
Composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, wheat bran 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part,
Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part, chitin 0.001-0.005 part, biological selenium 0.006-0.01 part, medicinal herb components 0.05-0.1 part and water
180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), grass seed may also include
One or more in Vicia sativa, Herba Trifolii Pratentis and rattail fescue grass.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: composite bacterial fertilizer used in step (4)
For Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer, including following components (parts by weight):
Composite bacteria 7-12 part, syrup 7-12 part, wheat bran 1-1.5 part, phosphoamide 0.05-0.1 part, NaCl 0.05-0.1 part,
Folium Camelliae sinensis 0.01-0.05 part, medicinal herb components 0.05-0.1 part and water 180-250 part；
Described composite bacteria includes lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, streptomyces microflavus, Candida utilis, hay bud
Spore bacillus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris；
Described medicinal herb components includes Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, the Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Fructus Corni and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: by grass seed and fine sand in step (4)
Mixing, sows after stirring, the mixing quality of grass seed and fine sand ratio for 1:2, carry out with the wind with sowing twice against the wind.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: employing sprinkling irrigation of watering in step (5)
Mode is carried out.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step waters the permeable time in (5)
For before during morning 10 or during 3-5 in afternoon.
Orchard intercropping grass planting method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: can be at broken grass and straw in step (6)
Spraying the diluent of Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer on stalk, the dilution ratio of Chinese medicine composite bacterial fertilizer is 1:400-500.
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