CN103444409A - Method for rapidly improving soil fertility of peach orchard - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gardening fruit tree cultivation, specifically discloses a method for rapidly improving the soil fertility of a peach orchard, and belongs to a method for improving the soil fertility by interplanting barley grass among peach orchard lines in autumn and winter. The method is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of: seeding autumn and winter cold-season grass seed barley grass serving as interplanting grass from late September to the middle of October so as to fully utilize idle illumination and land at leaf fall periods of the peach orchard in autumn and winter; cradling and covering a tree crown projection range respectively before germination and after blooming of peach trees so as to fulfill the aims of increasing the organic matter content of soil, improving the environment of the peach orchard and improving the soil fertility. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the organic matter content of soil can be increased, the soil fertility is improved, and the weed removing workload is reduced; meanwhile, an overwintering place is provided for natural enemy insects in the peach orchard in winter, the species of insects are enriched, the biological prevention and control of insects in the peach orchard are facilitated, and the ecological environment of the peach orchard is improved. The method has the advantages of remarkable effects on increasing the organic matters and the fertility of the peach orchard, easiness and convenience in implementing production and wide application and popularization prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gardening fruit tree planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of peach garden soil fertility fast lifting method, is that a kind of autumn and winter is in the method for intercropping large wheat straw in peach garden to increase soil fertility.
Background technology
Peach is one of the most ancient fruit tree of China (Wang Zuhua, village grace reaches. fruit tree will peach volume. and Beijing: China Forest publishing house, 2001,1-8), occupy critical role in China's fruit industry, its state of development has significant impact to economic revival, market supply and foreign exchange earning.Yet, though China's land resources total amount is many, the occupancy volume per person is few, high-quality is ploughed still less, and China peach garden concentrates on the Hills area mostly at present, and soil types is comparatively barren, and the content of organic matter is low.Therefore, fertilizing soil how, improve the content of organic matter of orchard soil, promotes soil fertility, is one of current China orchard key technology of improving fruit yield and quality.
China is main mainly with ploughing clearly in the orchard soil cultivation management, although can maintain loose soil structure, controls weed growth, and clear ploughing easily caused soil organic matter scarcity year after year, damages the capillary root system, causes the tree body early ageing underproduction.And plough and make earth's surface exposed for a long time clearly, also increased the risk of water and soil loss.Visible, traditional orchard worker's mode of production and soil cultivation system, seriously restrict the raising of soil quality.At present, improve orchard production capacity, how increase output from the fertilising aspects, and China rural laborer aging at present faces hired laborer's difficulty, the expensive problem of recruitment, drops into and increases, Benefit Drops, to the popularization formation challenge of fertilizer practice.Therefore, seeking and improve orchard soil quality and coordinate easy rational technical measures, is the Important Problems that orchard industrial upgrading and optimization and orchard ecosystem sustainable development need to solve.
The orchard ground cover cultivation, be a kind of orchard management method as covering fruit tree Huo Quan garden plantation in the ranks herbaceos perennial, and the method has important function for maintain the soil basic fertility, improve the ecological environment etc.Sward is cultivated 19 end of the centurys and at first occurs in the U.S., to the forties in 20th century along with the development of the appearance of mower and irrigation system just widelyd popularize (Cai Dongyuan. the Ecological and Physiological Effect research trends and the prospect of orchard ground cover cultivation. Agriculture in Hunan science, 2005 (2): 38-43).American-European and Japanese orchardist will be take sward as main, the orchard area of implementing sward accounts for more than 75% of the orchard gross area, some developed countries even reach (Kou Jian village, 95% left and right, Yang Wenquan, Han Mingyu, old Austria, Li Bing, open dimension. China's orchard ground cover progress. Practaculture Science, 2010,27(7): 154-159).And China is larger because of each producing region weather, land occupation condition difference, lack corresponding normalization technique in grass seed selection and utilization, affected by the thoughts such as traditional cultivation of fields " the weeding business is to the greatest extent ", " with really striving rich water ", well applied always.At present China implement clear cultivated orchard still account for more than 80% of the gross area (Lv Deguo, Qin Sijun, Du Guodong, Li Fangdong, Ma Huaiyu, Liu Guocheng. the Study on Physiological Effects of orchard ground cover and application. Agricultural University Of Shenyang's journal, 2012-04,43(2): 131-136).For this reason, the applicant, on the basis of peach garden sward test for many years, intends mousing out the new method that the large wheat straw of a kind of peach garden kind autumn and winter promotes soil fertility, to solve peach garden, relies on for a long time chemical fertilizer, causes the root problem that the peach garden soil organic matter lacks and soil fertility descends.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of peach garden soil fertility fast lifting method, be a kind of by promote the method for peach garden soil fertility the large wheat straw of intercropping autumn and winter.The present invention is directed to China's peach garden soil management and usually adopt clean tillage or natural grass method, because organic fertilizer resource lacks, use inconvenience, main dependence used chemical fertilizer, soil compaction, and soil fertility descends; Autumn and winter, soil was arid for a long time, and the soil temperature and humidity luffing is large, and organic matter decomposition is fast; The same period in peach rain in vegetative period hot season, high temperature is damp and hot, weedy, and the lower permeability of hat is poor, peach garden subenvironment ecological degeneration, and the problems such as serious occur in damage by disease and insect.Simultaneously peach garden illumination autumn and winter, temperature are suitable, idle periods long (March September to next year), for taking full advantage of peach garden light temperature idle periods, improve the peach garden land utilization rate, solve peach garden and rely on for a long time chemical fertilizer, the peach garden soil organic matter is low, the root problem that soil fertility descends, improve useful insect hibernacle ecotope in winter simultaneously, increase the visual effect of viewing and admiring in peach garden flowering stage.Realize the novel peach garden soil management method of " with fertile (chemical fertilizer), support grass, Yi Caoyang garden, the fertile soil upgrading, with matter synergy ".
To achieve these goals, being prone to the fruit grass while the present invention is directed to conventional sward cultivation grows the same period, " strive fertilizer and strive water ", peach garden high humidity after the season sward that simultaneously grows, disease occurs serious, and artificial grass seeds than weed competition power a little less than, need carry out regular management of weeds work, management difficulty is large etc., and problem has been carried out the innovation of technology path.
The deal with problems thinking of taked technical scheme of the present invention is:
Utilize the idle soil in suitable light and temperature condition of leaf fall period autumn and winter (March September to next year) and peach garden condition, select the different grass species of cold season to be set lower intercropping, the production season (April is to August) of staggering the peach garden fruit, produce improvement soil organic matter-green manure in required winter, and, before peach produces the season arrival, peach garden soil fertility is improved in the also garden that cradles.Around this scheme carry out different grass species screening, sowing time, cradle the test and to investigation and analysis such as peach garden natural enemy insect, Influence of Soil Fertilities, to improve the inventive method.
Its particular content:
1, the selection of intercropping grass seeds: the green manure grass seeds in winter that the screening cold season is strong, drought-enduring, amount of growth is large.
2, type of seeding and period: sow the soil arrangement of front peach garden, fertilising, type of seeding test, autumn and winter seedtime screening.
3, rich water quality management: sowing time moisture management with cradle rear rich water quality management measure.
4, cradle also garden: Cutting, period and method definite.
The inventive method is mainly for the peach producing region, the Yangtze river basin with the Wuhan climatic similitude, and level land or hillside peach are more suitable, and adopts the wide row more seedlings planting type of (2～3) m * (5～6) m seeding row spacing, the application of the more convenient this method of energy.Simultaneously the inventive method mainly applicable to as if peach garden, also can be applicable to the fallen leaves orchards such as pears, grape, kiwi fruit of conditions of similarity.
Through test, determined technical scheme of the present invention, its concrete steps are:
A, intercropping grass seed selection barley, because the strong adaptability such as drought-enduring, cold-resistant of large wheat straw, the winter growth amount is large than perennial ryegrass;
B, sowing: in late September to mid-October, sow., spill by every mu of peach garden that to execute N-P-K content be that 45% composite fertilizer 5～10kg makes base fertilizer first at the peach garden planting belt from trunk 0.5m both sides in the ranks, plough, harrow thin, become railway carriage or compartment, prepare sowing.Seeding quantity: 3～4kg/667m
2; The shallow ridges drilling, 2～4 of every planting belt sowings, width 30cm between bar; Sowing depth 1～2cm;
C, water or pour water: before after planting germinateing during if there is 7～10 days situations without natural precipitation or antecedent soil moisture the flood irrigation of ，Ze Quan garden or water pipe water once, to promote barley germination;
D, before the spring, cradled: in mid or late Febuary, with the mower flush with ground, cradle once, spread and be layered under tree, this is for cradling for the first time;
E, topdress: after large wheat straw survives the winter and cradles for the first time, by every mu of peach garden, large wheat straw being imposed to NPK content is 45% composite fertilizer or urea 5kg, to promote the growth of turning green spring of large wheat straw;
F, cradle for the second time: peach thank spend after 10～15 days, before large wheat straw heading, cradle to spread to be layered under peach tree dish with mower and use as green manure.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1, the present invention compares with China existing peach garden idle soil management method autumn and winter, and peach garden soil fertility is promoted to successful, wherein the soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium is improved significantly.
2, the present invention takes full advantage of peach garden illumination autumn and winter in March September to next year and soil idle periods, has improved land utilization rate, can produce green manure 3000～4000kg/667m in winter per season
2, solved dexterously the problem that the organic source of manure in current peach garden lacks.
3, the present invention selects the large wheat straw of cold season autumn and winter, with traditional peach garden intercropping soybean, peanut, paspalum notatum, butch clover green manure grass seeds, compare, because with the peach growth, not producing the contradiction of " the fruit grass is striven fertilizer and striven water " same period, solved preferably peach garden rain same season of heat, after sward, as cradled not in time, can, because peach garden humidity increases, bring out the problem that disease increases the weight of, and in the sward phase without to the artificial removal of impurities of other weeds, field planting management is simple.
4, the present invention arrives front exposed free time of garden soil of rudiment, the poor problem of peach garden aspect in winter after efficiently solving peach garden autumn and winter fallen leaves, has improved the view of peach garden winter-spring season.
5, the present invention can be the peach garden natural enemy insect hibernacle is provided, and has enriched the insect biological species, is the peach garden biological control of insect pests, and good ecotope is provided.
6, the present invention can effectively suppress the weeds in peach garden in early spring, can reduce peach garden weeding in spring 1～2 time.Large wheat straw grow comparatively fast after surviving the winter, and can seize spring peach garden common weed as the growing spaces of Herba Galii Teneri, green foxtail etc., can effectively play " with grass, pressing down grass " effect, reduces chemical herbicide use and artificial weeding number of times.
7, direct benefit of the present invention is remarkable, and in sward per mu yield autumn and winter or amount to the green forage income of nearly 1,000 yuan, as grass is herded combination, producing indirect benefit can be more considerable.
8, this method successful, simple and easy to do, is widely used in fallen leaves property in winter orchard, the Yangtze river basin as most of fallen leaves such as pear tree, vine orchard, has application prospect preferably.
Embodiment
Following applicant is described in detail the inventive method in connection with specific embodiment; purpose is to make those skilled in the art, to the inventive method, further understanding is arranged, but following case study on implementation should not be understood to the claims in the present invention book is asked for protection the restriction of scope on any degree.
In order to put into practice and slaking the inventive method, the applicant utilizes proving ground, academy of agricultural sciences fruit tea institute peach garden, lock Hubei Province, Jiangxia District Jinsui River, Wuhan City, and soil is red soil, the hillock, hills, spring in 2008 has been carried out the test of 3 years by a definite date by 2～4 years peach gardens of 3m * 5m seeding row spacing field planting, 10 mu of test area.Embodiment is as follows:
Utilize the suitable weather conditions such as temperature, precipitation and illumination of peach garden idle periods autumn and winter (March September to next year), illumination idle periods intercropping cold season grass seeds test after the fall foliage of peach garden, solve the required organic fertilizer resource of peach garden soil by wrong season intercropping green manure.Testing front field prepares: comprise that fertilising (plants and spread fertilizer over the fields 5kg/667m in the ranks in peach garden
2turn in composite fertilizer, the field that N-P-K content is 15%-15%-15%, the soil rake is thin, ditch cleaning becomes railway carriage or compartment.Barley seeding quantity: 3～4kg/667m
2; The shallow ridges drilling, 2～4 of every planting belt sowings, drilling spacing 30cm; Sowing depth 1～2cm; Field management after planting: after planting if there is 7～10 days without natural precipitation or antecedent soil moisture, need to pour water once, to guarantee barley germination.By every mu peach garden to large wheat straw impose urea 5kg after cradling for the first time before the peach germination spring, to promote the blue or green growth of large wheat straw secondary.
1, the screening test of different grass species:
By the test of 2009～2010 years, in the large wheat straw of in late November, 2009 peach garden intercropping, perennial ryegrass, the test of hairy vetch green manure, as table 1 test data shows, the every 667m of sowing barley
2can produce more green manure, increase significantly than the bright grass amount of contrast natural grass, the Proof Technology scheme is practical.
Table several careless peach garden intercropping biomass estimation result of 1:2010 on April 10th, 2010
2, selected large wheat straw is as peach garden intercropping autumn and winter grass seeds: as can also be seen from Table 1, the biomass maximum of large wheat straw, perennial ryegrass two kinds, before the barley heading, the bright careless output of every square meter can reach 3276.79g and 3467.24g respectively, the hay amount can reach 553.78g and 457.68g, the adult garden of 3m * 5m spacing in the rows is pressed in every mu of peach garden, be effective area by 2/3 area, can produce bright careless 1457.1kg to 1541.7kg, be respectively 2.97 and 3.15 times of contrast natural grass.The biomass of hairy vetch is less than normal, large wheat straw the best, and large wheat straw low temperature tolerance ability is better, and before the winter, temperature growth when low is very fast, the ground cover degree is large, and large wheat straw vegetative period is the longest with phase in the winter slack overlap period in peach garden, can reach 2～3 months, and the sight green grass or young crops phase is long;
3, be suitable sowing time late September to mid-October: by different times peach garden in 2011 being sowed to the investigation of the biomass of large wheat straw, as table, 2:2010 all can obtain 1500kg/667m late September in autumn to sowing time mid-October before the winter
2the careless amount of growth of above aquatic foods, amounting to the hay amount is 269～450.3kg/667m
2wherein late September is sowed large wheat straw because growth is fast, before entering the winter, heading appears, turn yellow after meeting frost, the aging fibrillatable degree of its cauline leaf is high, although bright grass amount is high not as good as sowing mid-October, it can reach the plant height of normal growth amount before entering the winter, can cover the space more than 90% in the ranks, amount to hay amount maximum.But from three sowing time, the biomass maximum obtained to sow large wheat straw mid-October, late September takes second place, and late November is minimum.
Table 2:2011 Different Sowing Dates different times coverage rate, sward biomass
4, peach sprout first 10 days (mid or late Febuary) and bloom after within 15 days, be to cradle the suitable phase
Cradle by difference in 2011 the large wheat straw that test (table 3) shows in late September, 2010 sowing, before and after cradling, can gather in the crops altogether bright careless 2929.3kg/667m twice
2, amount to hay 688.4kg/667m
2, increased bright, hay 283.5kg/667m than not cradling respectively
2, 79.9kg/667m
2; Mid or late Febuary cradles, and can inspire large wheat straw secondary green grass or young crops, can form green landscape at the florescence, increases the sight at florescence, also can increase bright grass amount; Spend within latter 15 days, cradle, can maximumly gather in the crops bright careless biomass, reduce the overlap period of sward phase and peach growth, the ventilation and penetrating light in the increase garden.
Coverage rate, sward biomass before and after table 3:2011 Different Sowing Dates cradles spring
5, sward is remarkable to peach garden fertility lifting effect.
After 2009～2011 large wheat straw tests of kind in continuous 3 years, peach garden soil fertility is measured to (as table 4), result shows, significantly improved organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, the available potassium of peach garden soil through continuous 3 years after the large wheat straw of kind, and the physicochemical characters such as soil pH value are also had preferably and improve.
The affect 2012 year October 6 day of table 4 on peach garden soil fertility
6, sward can be improved peach garden autumn and winter garden parabiosis environment the autumn and winter.
Observation by test in 3 years: peach garden fresh and tender large wheat straw in winter can lure some leafhopper overwinter generation in collection peach garden to take food, and only large wheat straw is concentrated to applying pesticide, can reduce the insect that survives the winter, and alleviates the harm in early spring of next year leafhopper.Simultaneously, large wheat straw is also the host in early spring of large wheat aphid, and large wheat aphid can increase natural enemy insect kind and the Populations (table 5) such as peach garden ladybug, spider, is the peach garden biological control of insect pests, and good ecotope is provided.
Table 5: autumn and winter cultivation barley peach garden and check plot insect and natural enemy insect kind be (April 10 in 2012) relatively
7, the sward direct benefit is remarkable the peach garden autumn and winter.
The inventive method is compared with traditional peach garden soil management pattern, and benefit is (as table 6) obviously.Its main production expenditure: soil is ploughed, is sowed, fertilising, green grass cradle etc. with expenses of labour and seed, fertilizer cost, every 667m
2spending is 209 yuan, than natural grass, increases input 119 yuan, as green grass is calculated by local dairy farm green fodder purchasing price, i.e. and 300 yuan of meters per ton, 991 yuan of every mu of comprehensive benefits, increase by 1081 yuan of benefits than the contrast natural grass.
Table 6 Planting Grass and natural grass benefit are relatively
Claims (1)
1. a peach garden soil fertility fast lifting method, step is as follows:
A, intercropping grass seed selection barley;
B, sowing: sow in late September to mid-October,, spill by every mu of peach garden that to execute N-P-K content be that 45 % composite fertilizer 5～10 kg make base fertilizer first at the peach garden planting belt from trunk 0.5 m both sides in the ranks, plough, harrow thin, become railway carriage or compartment, prepare sowing; Seeding quantity: 3～4 kg/667m
2; The shallow ridges drilling, 2～4 of every planting belt sowings, width 30 cm between bar, sowing depth 1～2 cm;
C, water or pour water: water once if there is ，Ze Quan garden flood irrigation during without natural precipitation or antecedent soil moisture in 7～10 days or water pipe before after planting germinateing, to promote barley germination;
D, before the spring, cradled: in mid or late Febuary, with the mower flush with ground, cradle once, spread and be layered under tree, this is for cradling for the first time;
E, topdress: after large wheat straw survives the winter and cradles for the first time, by every mu of peach garden, large wheat straw is imposed to composite fertilizer or the urea that 5 kg N-P-K content are 45 %, to promote the growth of turning green spring of large wheat straw;
F, cradle for the second time: peach thank spend after 10～15 days, before large wheat straw heading, cradle to spread to be layered under peach tree dish with mower and use as green manure.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104303907A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | South Jiangsu hilly area orchard ecological weeding method |
| CN105075652A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 谢庭生 | Method for rapidly fertilizing newly reclaimed camellia oleifera young forest land red in soil hilly region |
| CN105359913A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-02 | 张继金 | Peach tree planting method on hillside |
| CN105993478A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 北京百丰天下生物科技有限公司 | Orchard grass intercropping method |
| CN107182525A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 铜仁市绿缘生态农林发展有限公司 | A kind of method that grass backfill peach woods is planted in peach woods |
| CN107810791A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-20 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of peach garden summer sod culture method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104303907A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | South Jiangsu hilly area orchard ecological weeding method |
| CN104303907B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-08-03 | 句容市农业技术推广中心 | A kind of Hills In Southern Jiangsu Province area orchard ecology herbicidal methods |
| CN105075652A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-11-25 | 谢庭生 | Method for rapidly fertilizing newly reclaimed camellia oleifera young forest land red in soil hilly region |
| CN105359913A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-02 | 张继金 | Peach tree planting method on hillside |
| CN105993478A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-12 | 北京百丰天下生物科技有限公司 | Orchard grass intercropping method |
| CN107182525A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 铜仁市绿缘生态农林发展有限公司 | A kind of method that grass backfill peach woods is planted in peach woods |
| CN107810791A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-20 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of peach garden summer sod culture method |
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