CN111280003A

CN111280003A - Asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN111280003A
Application number: CN201910644752.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 庾韦花; 石前; 张向军; 潘颖南; 蒙平
Original assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-07-17
Filing date: 2019-07-17
Publication date: 2020-06-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of asparagus seeds, which comprises the steps of seed selection, disinfection, seed soaking and seedling raising, wherein the seed soaking step adopts the step of soaking in mixed liquor for 6-24 hours; the seedling raising step adopts a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut coir matrix with the weight ratio of 2:1:1: 1. The asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method disclosed by the invention is low in required production facilities and production cost, fast in seed germination and high in germination rate, solves the problems of long germination time, low germination rate, weak seedling survival rate, more plant diseases and insect pests and the like of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds in conventional seedling raising, and provides reliable guarantee for large-scale and industrialized planting of asparagus cochinchinensis.

Description

Asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling breeding, in particular to a breeding method of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds.

Background

Asparagus, also known as Asparagus cochinchinensis, is a dried root tuber of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Asparagus cochinchinensis can be used as both medicine and food, has wide application, is mainly used as medicine, and can also be prepared into preserves, which are common in the traditional yin nourishing prescription of the traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, with the increasing demand, the wild asparagus cochinchinensis resources are sharply reduced under the double pressure of excessive excavation and environmental destruction, and artificial cultivation has no major breakthrough, so that the asparagus cochinchinensis resources are extremely in short supply, the price rises in successive years, the asparagus cochinchinensis resources are more than 50 yuan/kg at present, and the asparagus cochinchinensis planting benefit is very obvious. Therefore, the breeding and planting technology of asparagus cochinchinensis needs to be improved urgently so as to realize the large-scale and industrialized planting of asparagus cochinchinensis as soon as possible and meet the daily health care and treatment requirements of people.

At present, research reports on asparagus cochinchinensis mainly focus on the aspects of pharmacological efficacy, chemical components and cultivation technology, and few researches on asparagus cochinchinensis breeding technology are carried out. Chinese patent application No. 201711107820.0 discloses a seedling growing method of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, which comprises the following steps of preparing asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, namely selecting fruits on male and female plants which grow robustly, and harvesting in time when the fruits turn from green to yellow; step two, selecting seeds, namely placing the harvested fruits in a container for accumulation, fully fermenting the fruits, manually rubbing the fermented fruits to remove pulp, and selecting large and full kernels as seeds; step three, storing the seeds, namely preparing fine sand and disinfectant fluid, mixing and stirring the fine sand and the disinfectant fluid uniformly according to the ratio of 8: 1-5: 1 to form wet sand, mixing and stirring the seeds and the wet sand uniformly according to the ratio of 1: 2-1: 4, and storing at the temperature of 5-10 ℃; step four, treating the seeds with a medicament, namely taking out the seeds preserved in the step three before sowing, cleaning and draining, and then soaking the seeds in the medicament for 5-7 hours, wherein the medicament consists of 1-2 parts by weight of gibberellin, 1-2 parts by weight of caicai acetic acid, 1-2 parts by weight of zeatin, 8-10 parts by weight of carbendazim and 800-900 parts by weight of water; step six, sowing, namely, sowing for 2 months, spraying seeds subjected to pulse radio frequency electric field treatment on a seedbed, spraying 10-12 kg of seeds on the seedbed per mu, watering the seedbed after sowing, and keeping the seedbed moist; and seventhly, managing in a seedling stage, namely frequently removing weeds, and fertilizing for 3 times in the seedling stage, wherein the height of the seedlings is 4cm in the first fertilizing period, the second fertilizing period is 6-7 months, and the third fertilizing period is 9-10 months. The application number 201810502439.2 Chinese patent discloses a method for promoting germination of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, which comprises the steps of treating the asparagus cochinchinensis seeds with sterile water, taking out and draining, soaking in a mixed aqueous solution containing 5-30 mg/L of kinetin and 150-350 mg/L of gibberellin for 6-36 h, taking out and draining to obtain hormone-stimulated asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, uniformly placing the hormone-stimulated asparagus cochinchinensis seeds on a filter paper germination bed, and culturing in a 12h illumination 12h dark illumination period at room temperature, wherein the filter paper germination bed is formed by filling two layers of filter paper which fully absorbs moisture in a seed germination box, and preferably, the kinetin concentration in the mixed aqueous solution is Omg/L, the gibberellin concentration is 200mg/L, and the time for soaking the asparagus cochinchinensis seeds is 24 h.

The method needs measures such as pulse radio frequency electric field treatment, illumination treatment and the like, is complex to operate, has high requirements on facilities and environment, and has high production cost investment. Aiming at the current situation that the breeding and germination rate of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds is low by adopting a conventional method, the invention mainly carries out experimental research on the aspects of asparagus cochinchinensis seed quality, preservation time, disinfection and seed soaking solution, seedling culture medium and the like, obtains better research results, can be used for large-scale planting, and has no relevant research report at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the conditions of low germination rate, high large-scale breeding cost, high difficulty and the like of the existing asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding, the invention provides a seed breeding method which is rapid, low in cost, high in germination rate and good in disease resistance and stress resistance, and can realize large-scale breeding and planting of asparagus cochinchinensis seedlings.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an asparagus seed breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: seed selection: screening mature, large and full seeds, cleaning and airing; s2: and (3) disinfection: putting the screened seeds into a disinfectant, soaking and draining; s3: seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into the mixed solution, soaking for 6-24 hours, and filtering to dry; s4: seedling culture: and (3) sowing the soaked seeds in a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, and watering for 1 time every 2-3 days.

In the method for breeding asparagus seeds, the mixture preferably comprises: the feed is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganisms) into raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of pig manure, 3-5 parts of sheep manure, 3-5 parts of peanut bran, 2-3 parts of tea seed bran and 40-60 parts of water, putting the raw materials into a container, performing closed fermentation for 30-40 days, adding EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 1-3% of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, performing closed fermentation for 15-20 days, and diluting by 20-30 times with water to obtain the feed.

In the method for breeding the asparagus seeds, the EM bacteria are preferably Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Geotrichum candidum, Bacillus pumilus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Bacillus subtilis Candida tropicalis and Bifidobacterium.

In the method for breeding asparagus cochinchinensis seeds as described above, the seed storage time in step S1 is preferably not more than 6 months, and more preferably not more than 3 months.

In the method for breeding asparagus seeds as described in 1, the seeds in step S1 are preferably sown with the pick-up.

In the method for breeding asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, the disinfectant in step S2 may be a commonly used surface disinfectant solution, such as: potassium permanganate solution, sodium hypochlorite solution and the like, and preferably 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder with the weight percentage of 0.2 to 0.4 percent.

In the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, the soaking time of the disinfectant in the step S2 is preferably 30 minutes.

In the method for breeding asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, the soaking temperature of the mixed solution in the step S3 can be room temperature, and preferably the temperature is 15-35 ℃.

In the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, the soaking time of the mixed solution in the step S3 is further 12 to 24 hours.

In the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, the temperature of the environment for controlling the seedling raising of the seeds in the step S4 can be room temperature, and is preferably 20-30 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, 4 different types of substances, namely yellow mud-perlite-peat-coir peat, are selected as seed germination matrixes, the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method contains rich mineral substances, organic matters and other nutritional ingredients required by the germination and growth of asparagus cochinchinensis, has good air permeability, water permeability and water retention capacity, can provide sufficient oxygen and microbial environment for seed germination, can accelerate the germination of asparagus cochinchinensis seeds and improve the germination rate, and the germinated seedlings grow vigorously and have high transplanting survival rate.

2. The invention adopts the mixed liquid to soak the asparagus seeds, because the mixed liquid is prepared by EM fermentation, the solution contains abundant macro-elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the germination of the asparagus seeds, organic matters such as humic acid and the like, various trace elements, hydrolytic enzyme, auxin for promoting plant growth, phytohormone, beneficial microorganisms and other active substances, in the soaking process, the asparagus seeds penetrate through seed coats, quickly absorb the nutrient components and the active substances in the mixed liquid, promote cell division, stimulate the quick germination and growth of the seeds, improve the microbial growth environment at the roots of the asparagus, shorten the germination time of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds, and the obtained asparagus seedlings are strong, have high survival rate after transplantation and strong disease resistance and stress resistance.

3. The mixed liquor of the invention is added with the raw materials of tea seed bran, tea saponin and other components contained in the tea seed bran, has good stomach toxicity and contact poisoning effects on pests, and can prevent and treat cutworms, aphids, snails, weevils, grubs, mole crickets, red spiders or earthworms and the like. The asparagus seeds soaked by the mixed solution have the effect of preventing diseases and insect pests, so that seedlings germinated from the asparagus seeds are prevented from suffering from the diseases and insect pests, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the growth stress resistance of the asparagus is enhanced.

4. According to the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, the seeds can germinate after being sown for 8-12 days, the average germination rate can reach 93.11%, the required production facilities and production cost are low, the seeds germinate fast, the germination rate is high, the problems of long germination time, low germination rate, weak seedling survival rate and the like of the asparagus cochinchinensis seeds in conventional seedling raising are solved, and reliable guarantee is provided for large-scale and industrialized planting of asparagus cochinchinensis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of seedlings of Asparagus cochinchinensis seeds in example 3 of the present invention

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

First, test materials

The tested material is seed of radix asparagi Cochinchinensis No. 1, which is harvested in the greenhouse of biological institute of Guangxi agricultural sciences in the same year.

Second, test method

1. Seed storage time test

Harvesting the asparagus seeds in the same year, setting the seed preservation time to be 5 treatments of picking and sowing at the same time, storing for 1 month, storing for 3 months, storing for 6 months and storing for 1 year, peeling the harvested fresh seeds, removing secondary seeds, screening mature, large and full black seeds, cleaning and airing for later use. And randomly selecting 100 mature seeds for each treatment, sowing the seeds in a seedling raising frame with sawdust as a matrix, carrying out 3 times of repeated treatments, periodically spraying water, and counting the germination conditions of the seeds after 2 months, wherein the germination conditions are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of different storage times on the Germination of Asparagus cochinchinensis seeds

The results show that: the germination rates of the asparagus seeds under different storage times are remarkably different, the germination rate along with picking and sowing is the highest and reaches 89.67%, the germination rate in 1 year is the lowest and is only 8.33%, and the germination rate is lower as the storage time is longer.

2. Seed disinfection test

Collecting the asparagus seeds in the current year, screening the mature, large and full seeds, cleaning, airing, and respectively adopting the following modes for disinfection: 0.2 percent potassium permanganate solution, 0.3 percent 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 10 percent sodium hypochlorite solution, and the disinfection time of each disinfection solution is 30 minutes. And (3) randomly selecting 100 mature seeds for each treatment of the disinfected asparagus cochinchinensis seeds, and sowing the seeds in a seedling raising frame with sawdust as a matrix, wherein the result shows that: the adoption of 50% carbendazim wettable powder is the most suitable disinfection mode, the budding time and the budding rate are better than those of other 2 disinfection modes, the root system is developed, and no abnormal seedling is found.

3. Seed soaking test

The method comprises the steps of selecting asparagus cochinchinensis seeds harvested in the current year, screening mature, large and full seeds, cleaning, airing, storing for 1 month, and performing seed soaking tests by respectively adopting the following clear water, brassinolide solution, gibberellin solution, mixed liquor prepared by commercially available EM (effective microorganisms) and mixed liquor prepared by EM of the invention.

The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: beef of 0.03kg, corn of 1.0kg, bran of 2.5kg, glucose of 0.20kg, sodium chloride of 0.05kg, diammonium citrate of 0.02kg and water of 5.0kg, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, and sterilizing with steam at 115 ℃ for 20 minutes to obtain the feed.

The preparation method of the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Geotrichum candidum, Bacillus pumilus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Bacillus subtilis Candida tropicalis and Bacillus bifidus to the prepared culture medium, culturing for 3 days at 25-30 ℃, drying and grinding the culture to obtain EM (effective microorganisms) with the mixed microorganism rate lower than 20% and the effective viable count more than 1.0 hundred million/g.

The preparation method of the EM bacteria mixed solution comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the following raw materials: placing 4kg of pig manure, 4kg of sheep manure, 4kg of peanut bran, 2kg of tea seed bran and 50kg of water in a large glass jar, fermenting at room temperature for 40 days in a closed manner, adding the prepared EM (effective microorganism) accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 25 ℃ in a closed manner for 20 days, and diluting by 30 times with water to obtain the feed.

The preparation method of the commercial EM bacteria mixed solution comprises the following steps: taking 1kg of sterile water, heating to boil, adding 0.1kg of brown sugar, continuously heating to dissolve, cooling to 40 ℃, adding 10g of EM strain produced by a certain company, and carrying out closed fermentation at 35-37 ℃ for 3-5 days to obtain fermentation liquor; adding the obtained fermentation liquor into a secondary fermentation tank, adding 10 times of water for dilution, adding 10 weight percent of brown sugar and 0.1 weight percent of amino acid, and performing closed fermentation at 35-37 ℃ for 5-7 days to obtain a stock solution, wherein the effective viable count is more than 1.0 hundred million/g. Respectively weighing the following raw materials: placing 4kg of pig manure, 4kg of sheep manure, 4kg of peanut bran, 2kg of tea seed bran and 50kg of water in a large glass jar, fermenting at room temperature for 40 days in a closed manner, adding the prepared stock solution accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting at 25 ℃ in a closed manner for 20 days, and diluting by 30 times with water to obtain the feed.

Through preliminary tests, the screened seeds are soaked in the 5 solutions for 4 to 48 hours at the room temperature of 25 ℃ and are drained by selecting 10mg/L brassinolide solution, 250mg/L gibberellin solution, mixed solution prepared by commercial EM bacteria, mixed solution prepared by the method and clear water. After soaking, the asparagus seeds are uniformly sown into seedling pots filled with sawdust matrixes, 30 seeds are sown in each pot, 3 parallel repetitions are set for each solution treatment, the asparagus seeds in the same batch without soaking are used as a control, and the germination condition of the seeds is observed and counted after 2 months, which is shown in table 3. After 2 months, the seeds are respectively transplanted into a sawdust matrix for continuous observation.

TABLE 3 Effect of different seed-soaking solutions on the Germination of Asparagus cochinchinensis seeds

The results show that: the asparagus seeds stored for 1 month are soaked in the mixed solution prepared by the EM, the solution permeates into the seeds after soaking for 4 hours, the seeds germinate and sprout after 12 days, and the average germination rate reaches 90.00 percent; the seeds can germinate after being soaked for 24 hours for 8 days, the average germination rate reaches 92.22 percent, and the seedlings grow vigorously and robustly without diseases, insect pests and malformed plants. The 10mg/L brassinolide solution, the 250mg/L gibberellin solution and the asparagus seeds soaked in the mixed solution prepared by the commercial EM bacteria have lower germination starting time and average germination rate, and particularly, the asparagus seeds soaked in clear water have lower germination starting time and average germination rate and are equivalent to the asparagus seeds without soaking. Besides the asparagus seeds soaked in the mixed solution prepared by the EM, a small amount of plant diseases and insect pests such as tigers or aphids or red spiders are found in the matrixes of other 5 test groups to different degrees. Therefore, compared with the mixed solution prepared from brassinolide solution, gibberellin solution and commercially available EM, the mixed solution prepared from EM has a better soaking effect in clear water.

4. Test of seedling substrate

Collecting asparagus seeds harvested in the current year, screening mature, large and full seeds, cleaning, airing, storing for 3 months, respectively adopting 4 matrixes of sawdust (matrix 1), yellow mud-perlite-peat 2:1:1 (matrix 2), yellow mud-coconut husk-peat 2:1:1 (matrix 3) and yellow mud-perlite-peat 2:1:1:1 (matrix 4), wherein the proportion in the experiment is weight ratio, and carrying out seedling culture matrix test. Selecting 32 seeds for each treatment, soaking the seeds in the prepared mixed solution for 24 hours, sowing the seeds in seedling raising trays, repeating the treatment for 3 times, periodically spraying water, observing and recording the germination condition of the seeds, recording the germination rate in 2 months, transplanting (keeping the planted matrix unchanged after transplanting), and recording the tillering stem number, the number of the grown potatoes, the potato block length and the potato block thickness of the asparagus seedlings after 2 months of transplanting, wherein the table 4 shows.

TABLE 4 Asparagus character of different seedling raising substrates

Note: different lower case letters after the mean in the table indicate that the inter-treatment differences were up to a 5% significance level (P < 0.05), and the letters are identical indicating that the inter-treatment differences were not significant.

The results show that: the asparagus seeds are stored for 3 months, the germination rate is highest in a seedling culture medium of yellow mud-perlite-peat-coir 2:1:1:1 (medium 4), the characters of tiller stem number, plant height, potato bearing number, potato block length and thickness after 2 months of transplantation are comprehensively compared, and the seedling-stage character of the medium 4 is optimal. The yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut coir 2:1:1:1 is used as a seed germination substrate, contains rich mineral substances, organic matters and other nutritional ingredients required by the germination and growth of the asparagus, has good air permeability, water permeability and water retention capacity, can provide sufficient oxygen and microbial environment for seed germination, can accelerate the germination of the asparagus and improve the germination rate, and ensures that the germinated seedlings grow vigorously.

Third, specific embodiments

Preparation method of EM (first) bacteria

The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps: weighing beef 0.03kg, corn 1.0kg, bran 2.5kg, glucose 0.20kg, sodium chloride 0.05kg, diammonium citrate 0.02kg and water 5.0kg, mixing, adjusting pH to 7.0, and sterilizing with 115 deg.C steam for 20 min.

The preparation method of the EM bacteria comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Geotrichum candidum, Bacillus pumilus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Bacillus subtilis Candida tropicalis and Bacillus bifidus to the culture medium, culturing for 3 days at 25-30 ℃ to obtain a culture, drying at 40 ℃, and grinding to obtain EM (effective viable count) bacteria, wherein the mixed bacteria rate of the EM bacteria is lower than 20%, and the effective viable count is more than 1.0 hundred million/g.

(II) preparation method of mixed solution

Mixed solution 1: weighing the following raw materials: 3kg of pig manure, 3kg of sheep manure, 3kg of peanut bran, 2kg of tea seed bran and 40kg of water, putting the raw materials into a container, fermenting in a closed manner for 30 days, adding 0.51kg of the prepared EM (effective microorganism) accounting for 1 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting at the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 15 days in a closed manner, and diluting by 20 times with water to obtain the feed.

And (2) mixed solution: weighing the following raw materials: 5kg of pig manure, 5kg of sheep manure, 5kg of peanut bran, 3kg of tea seed bran and 60kg of water, putting the raw materials into a container, fermenting in a closed manner for 40 days, adding 2.34kg of the prepared EM (effective microorganism) accounting for 3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting at the room temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 20 days in a closed manner, and diluting by 30 times with water to obtain the feed.

And (3) mixed solution: weighing the following raw materials: 4kg of pig manure, 4kg of sheep manure, 4kg of peanut bran, 2.5kg of tea seed bran and 50kg of water, putting the raw materials into a container, fermenting in a closed manner for 35 days, adding 1.29kg of EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting in a closed manner at room temperature of 30-35 ℃ for 25 days, and diluting with 25 times of water to obtain the feed.

Mixed liquor 4 (without tea seed bran): weighing the following raw materials: 4kg of pig manure, 4kg of sheep manure, 4kg of peanut bran and 50kg of water, putting the raw materials into a container, fermenting in a closed manner for 40 days, adding 1.24kg of EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, fermenting in a closed manner at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃ for 20 days, and diluting by 30 times with water to obtain the feed.

Mixture 5 (EM-free): 4kg of pig manure, 4kg of sheep manure, 4kg of peanut bran, 2.5kg of tea seed bran and 50kg of water, putting the raw materials into a container, sealing, fermenting for 80 days at the room temperature of 25-30 ℃, and diluting by 30 times with water to obtain the feed.

Asparagus fern seed breeding method

Example 1

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s1: seed selection: screening the seeds which are mature, large and full in the current year, cleaning, airing and storing for 3 months;

s2: and (3) disinfection: putting the screened seeds into a solution containing 0.2 percent of 50 percent of carbendazim wettable powder, soaking for 30 minutes, and filtering to dry;

s3: seed soaking: soaking the disinfected seeds in the mixed solution 1 for 6 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃, and filtering to dry;

s4: seedling culture: the seed after being soaked is sowed in a seedling raising pot with a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and watering is carried out for 1 time every 2-3 days according to the weather condition.

Example 2

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s1: seed selection: screening the seeds which are mature, large and full in the current year, cleaning, airing and storing for 6 months;

s2: and (3) disinfection: putting the screened seeds into a solution containing 0.4 percent of 50 percent of carbendazim wettable powder, soaking for 30 minutes, and filtering to dry;

s3: seed soaking: soaking the disinfected seeds in the mixed solution 2 for 24 hours at the soaking temperature of 15 ℃, and filtering to dry;

s4: seedling culture: the seed after being soaked is sowed in a seedling raising pot with a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and watering is carried out for 1 time every 2-3 days according to the weather condition.

Example 3

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s1: seed selection: screening the seeds which are mature, large and full in the current year, cleaning and airing;

s2: and (3) disinfection: putting the screened seeds into a solution containing 0.3 percent of 50 percent of carbendazim wettable powder, soaking for 30 minutes, and filtering to dry;

s3: seed soaking: soaking the disinfected seeds in the mixed solution 3 for 12 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃, and filtering to dry;

s4: seedling culture: the seed after being soaked is sowed in a seedling raising pot with a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 20-30 ℃, and watering is carried out for 1 time every 2-3 days according to the weather condition.

Example 4

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s3: seed soaking: soaking the sterilized seeds in the mixed solution 3 for 24 hours at the soaking temperature of 25 ℃, and filtering to dry;

s4: seedling culture: the seed after being soaked is sowed in a seedling raising pot with a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and watering is carried out for 1 time every 2-3 days according to the weather condition.

Example 5

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s3: seed soaking: soaking the sterilized seeds in the mixed solution 4 (without tea seed bran) for 24 hours at the soaking temperature of 25 ℃, and filtering to dry;

Example 6

An asparagus seed breeding method comprises the following steps:

s3: seed soaking: soaking the sterilized seeds in the mixed solution 5 (without EM bacteria) for 24 hours at the soaking temperature of 25 ℃, and filtering to dry;

EXAMPLE evaluation of Asparagus cochinchinensis seed Breeding method

In the above 6 examples, the asparagus seeds with the undescribed preservation time were all sown with the following crop. Each example is provided with 3 parallel repetitions, transplanting is carried out after 2 months (the planted matrix is unchanged after transplanting), water is sprayed regularly, the germination condition of seeds is observed and recorded, and the conditions of the germination starting time of the asparagus seeds, the germination rate of the seeds in 2 months, the plant height of the asparagus seedlings after transplanting for 2 months, the tiller stem number, the potato bearing number, the plant diseases and insect pests and the like are recorded in a table 5.

TABLE 5 seedling growth of the Asparagus cochinchinensis example

The above example scenarios are summarized as follows: (1) in the embodiment 1-4 of the invention, the seeds can sprout after being sowed for 8-14 days, the average germination rate in 2 months reaches 93.11%, the average tiller stem number reaches 3.37, and the average potato bearing number reaches 6.30; since the seeds of example 2 were stored for 6 months after being picked, the storage time was slightly longer, and the time for the seeds of Asparagus racemosus to begin to germinate and the average germination rate were slightly lower than those of other examples. In the embodiment 1-4, the winter seedlings grow vigorously and robustly, no diseases or insect pests occur, the survival rate after transplanting is more than 98 percent, the potatoes are larger and more, and the stress resistance is strong. (2) The mixed liquor in the embodiment 5 has no tea seed bran, so that the diseases and insect pests such as red spiders, aphids or cutworms with different degrees can be seen after the seedlings of the asparagus cochinchinensis and the seedlings are transplanted, the germination starting time is longer, the average germination rate is reduced to 85.56%, the tiller stem number and the potato bearing number are correspondingly reduced, and the tea seed bran in the mixed liquor is an important raw material and has the effect of preventing the diseases and insect pests, so that the seedlings germinated from the asparagus cochinchinensis seeds can be prevented from suffering from the diseases and insect pests, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the stress resistance of the growth of the asparagus cochinchinensis is enhanced. (3) The mixed solution in the embodiment 6 is free from EM bacteria, and the time required for complete fermentation of the mixed solution is prolonged to 80 days. The germination starting time of the asparagus seeds is longer (14-16 days), the average germination rate is reduced to 78.89%, the tiller stem number, the plant height and the potato bearing number are correspondingly reduced, and the EM in the mixed solution is very important raw material, can decompose pig manure, sheep manure, peanut bran and tea seed bran into a large amount of rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which are major elements required by the germination of the asparagus seeds, and also contains organic matters such as humic acid, various trace elements, hydrolytic enzyme, auxin, phytohormone, beneficial microorganisms and other active substances which promote the growth of plants. (4) According to the asparagus cochinchinensis seed breeding method, the seeds can germinate after being sown for 8-12 days, the average germination rate can reach 93.11%, the required production facilities and production cost are low, the seeds germinate fast, the germination rate is high, the problems of long germination time, low germination rate, weak seedling survival rate and the like of the asparagus cochinchinensis seeds in conventional seedling raising are solved, and reliable guarantee is provided for large-scale and industrialized planting of asparagus cochinchinensis.

Claims

1. An asparagus seed breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: seed selection: screening mature, large and full seeds, cleaning and airing;

s2: and (3) disinfection: putting the screened seeds into a disinfectant, soaking and draining;

s3: seed soaking: putting the disinfected seeds into the mixed solution, soaking for 6-48 hours, and filtering to dry;

s4: seedling culture: and (3) sowing the soaked seeds in a yellow mud-perlite-peat-coconut husk matrix in a weight ratio of 2:1:1:1, and watering for 1 time every 2-3 days.

2. The asparagus seed breeding method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is: the feed is prepared by adding EM (effective microorganisms) into raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of pig manure, 3-5 parts of sheep manure, 3-5 parts of peanut bran, 2-3 parts of tea seed bran and 40-60 parts of water, putting the raw materials into a container, performing closed fermentation for 30-40 days, adding EM (effective microorganisms) accounting for 1-3% of the total weight of the raw materials, uniformly mixing, performing closed fermentation for 15-20 days, and diluting by 20-30 times with water to obtain the feed.

3. The method for breeding the asparagus seeds as claimed in claim 2, wherein the EM bacteria are Aspergillus niger, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Geotrichum candidum, Bacillus pumilus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Bacillus subtilis Candida tropicalis and Bifidobacterium.

4. The method for breeding asparagus seeds of claim 1, wherein the seeds in step S1 are stored for no more than 6 months.

5. The method for breeding asparagus seeds of claim 1, wherein the seeds in the step S1 are sown with the pick.

6. The method for breeding asparagus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfectant in step S2 is 50% carbendazim wettable powder with concentration of 0.2-0.4%.

7. The method for breeding asparagus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time of the disinfection solution in the step S2 is 30 minutes.

8. The method for breeding asparagus cochinchinensis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking temperature of the mixed solution in the step S3 is 15-35 ℃.

9. The method for breeding asparagus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time of the mixed solution in the step S3 is 12-24 hours.

10. The method for breeding asparagus cochinchinensis seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environmental temperature for raising the seedlings of the seeds in the step S4 is controlled to be 20-30 ℃.